79.060.01 - Wood-based panels in general
ICS 79.060.01 Details
Wood-based panels in general
Platten auf Holzbasis im allgemeinen. Holzwerkstoffe
Panneaux a base de bois en général
Lesne plošče na splošno
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 79.060.01 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Wood-based panels in general". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 362 standards classified under ICS 79.060.01 (Wood-based panels in general). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies a method for measuring the thickness, length and width of test pieces of wood-based panels.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for measuring the thickness, length and width of test pieces of wood-based panels.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the determination of free melamine in coated and uncoated wood-based-panels.
NOTE 1 It is also applicable to other wood-based products, to other solid products e.g. impregnates or decorative paper and to liquid materials.
The determination of melamine is performed by extraction using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and subsequent high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and ultraviolet (UV) detection.
NOTE 2 For determination of melamine in foodstuff, EN 16858 is applicable. For determination of melamine in animal feeding stuffs, EN 17212 is applicable. For determination of melamine in textiles, EN ISO 1833-26 is applicable.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the determination of free melamine in coated and uncoated wood-based-panels.
NOTE 1 It is also applicable to other wood-based products, to other solid products e.g. impregnates or decorative paper and to liquid materials.
The determination of melamine is performed by extraction using dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and subsequent high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis and ultraviolet (UV) detection.
NOTE 2 For determination of melamine in foodstuff, EN 16858 is applicable. For determination of melamine in animal feeding stuffs, EN 17212 is applicable. For determination of melamine in textiles, EN ISO 1833-26 is applicable.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides examples and background literature for identifying and calculating greenhouse gas displacement potential for wood-based products as defined in ISO 13391-3:2025, including the calculation of displacement factors. This document also provides a review of considerations for further analyses that address the impact of these potentials over time in a broader economy setting.
- Technical report26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides background information, methods and examples of calculating contributions to carbon stored in wood-based products (harvested wood products, HWP), including storage resulting from HWPs in landfill and bio-CCS, as defined in ISO 13391-1:2025. It includes background to the tier 1 HWP coefficients for various wood-based product categories defined in ISO 13391-1:2025.
- Technical report31 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a procedure for a chamber test with different options of chamber sizes to measure the formaldehyde concentrations in air from wood products under defined test conditions of temperature, relative humidity, loading and air exchange rate.
Results obtained from this small-scale chamber test method can be used for quality control (factory production control – ‘FPC’) based on correlation established by reference chamber test methods according to ISO, EN or ASTM standards. The establishment of a correlation is described in Annex D.
- Standard82 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure for a chamber test with different options of chamber sizes to measure the formaldehyde concentrations in air from wood products under defined test conditions of temperature, relative humidity, loading and air exchange rate.
Results obtained from this small-scale chamber test method can be used for quality control (factory production control – ‘FPC’) based on correlation established by reference chamber test methods according to ISO, EN or ASTM standards. The establishment of a correlation is described in Annex D.
- Standard82 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
On the basis of test results from wood-based panel products for structural purposes, this document specifies a method for the determination of:
- characteristic 5-percentile values of mechanical properties under the assumption of a log-normal distribution of the test data according to EN 14358; and
- characteristic mean values (50-percentile values) of physical properties under the assumption of a normal distribution of the test data according to EN 14358.
Test data can be determined from tests using the test methods outlined in the test standard EN 789 or other relevant test standard, performance standard or product standard normatively referring to EN 1058.
NOTE See e.g. EN 1195 and EN 12871.
The statistical evaluation follows the principles of EN 1990:2023 , Annex D of EN 1995-1-1:2004 and of EN 14358:2016.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
On the basis of test results from wood-based panel products for structural purposes, this document specifies a method for the determination of:
- characteristic 5-percentile values of mechanical properties under the assumption of a log-normal distribution of the test data according to EN 14358; and
- characteristic mean values (50-percentile values) of physical properties under the assumption of a normal distribution of the test data according to EN 14358.
Test data can be determined from tests using the test methods outlined in the test standard EN 789 or other relevant test standard, performance standard or product standard normatively referring to EN 1058.
NOTE See e.g. EN 1195 and EN 12871.
The statistical evaluation follows the principles of EN 1990:2023 , Annex D of EN 1995-1-1:2004 and of EN 14358:2016.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure for a chamber test with different options of chamber sizes to measure the formaldehyde concentrations in air from wood products under defined test conditions of temperature, relative humidity, loading and air exchange rate. Results obtained from this small-scale chamber test method can be used for quality control (factory production control – ‘FPC’) based on correlation established by reference chamber test methods according to ISO, EN or ASTM standards. The establishment of a correlation is described in Annex D.
- Standard75 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard80 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard80 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification provides procedures for testing and establishing the structural capacities of proprietary rim board products and assemblies for use in light-frame wood construction using I-joist or structural composite lumber joist framing. This specification also establishes several procedures used to test rim board products and assemblies, to judge their acceptability, and to establish allowable design capacities.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides procedures for testing and establishing the structural capacities of proprietary rim board products and assemblies for use in light-frame wood construction using I-joist or structural composite lumber joist framing. This specification does not apply to commodity rim board products.
1.2 This specification was developed in light of currently manufactured panel, structural composite lumber, and pre-fabricated I-joist rim board products as defined in 3.2. Materials that do not conform to the definitions of 3.2 are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 Fire safety, sound transmission, building envelope performance, and cutting/notching attributes of rim board products and assemblies fall outside the scope of this specification.
1.4 This specification primarily considers end use in dry service conditions, such as most protected framing members, where the equilibrium moisture content for solid-sawn lumber is less than 16 %.
1.5 This specification provides methods to establish “allowable stress” design resistances for use with the National Design Specification for Wood Construction (NDS). Derivation of design resistances from the test data in accordance with “load and resistance factor design” or “limit states design” are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.6 Quality control requirements are outside the scope of this Specification.
1.7 The performance of a rim board product will be affected by the constituent wood species, geometry, adhesive, and production parameters. Therefore, rim board products produced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated to determine their product properties, regardless of the similarity in characteristics to products produced by other manufacturers.
1.8 Where a manufacturer produces product in more than one facility, each production facility shall be evaluated independently. For additional production facilities, any revisions to the full qualification program in accordance with this specification shall be approved by an accredited, independent qualifying agency.
1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a simple quantitative measure of water absorption by coated wood or wood based products.
5.2 This test method has demonstrated utility for wood or wood based products ranging in thickness from approximately 6 mm to 25 mm (1/4 in. to 1 in.).
5.3 Conditioning of substrate, coated sample preparation, application method, dry film thickness, cure conditions, and number of replicate specimens should be agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier of the coating material.
5.4 Such measurements are used as indicators or predictors of the anticipated performance of coated wood or wood based products during exterior exposure. They may be used for developmental evaluation of coatings, substrates, or both. They may also be useful for quality control or monitoring of the production of coated wood and wood based products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to serve as a means for measurement of liquid water that passes through a wetted paint film, and which is subsequently absorbed and retained by the underlying wood or wood-based substrate. Alternative techniques for the use of the “Cobb Ring” apparatus are described.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a measure of the dimensional stability and integrity of the coated edge of various composite wood products under accelerated moisture stress. It is widely used as an indicator or predictor of the anticipated performance of composite wood products during exterior exposure. It may be used for developmental evaluation of coatings, substrates, or both. It may also be useful for quality control or monitoring of the production of coated or uncoated composite wood products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is intended to serve as a means for measurement of swelling and cracking of the coated or uncoated edge of a composite wood substrate that has been subjected to wetting by a test solution containing surface active agent.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a procedure for determination of accelerated formaldehyde release from uncoated and coated wood-based panels using the gas analysis method. The procedure is also suitable for the testing of other materials (e.g. edge bands, floor coverings, foams, foils, laminated wood products, veneered wood products, coated wood products).
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This practice details the standard procedures for establishing the allowable properties for structural glued laminated timber (glulam). Allowable properties include: stress indexes; stress modification factors associated with slop of grain; stresses for bending, tension and compression parallel to the grain; horizontal shear; compression perpendicular to the grain; radial tension and compression stresses in curved members; grade adjustment factors; modulus of elasticity; and modulus of rigidity. This practice is limited to the calculation of allowable properties subject to the given procedures for the selection and arrangement of grades of lumber of the species considered. It does not cover the requirements for production, inspection and certification, but in order to justify the allowable properties developed using procedures in this practice, manufacturers must conform to recognized manufacturing standards.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedures for establishing allowable properties for structural glued laminated timber. Included are the allowable stresses for bending, tension and compression parallel to the grain, horizontal shear, compression perpendicular to the grain, and radial tension and compression in curved members. Also included are modulus of elasticity and modulus of rigidity.
1.2 This practice is limited to the calculation of allowable properties subject to the given procedures for the selection and arrangement of grades of lumber of the species considered.
1.3 Requirements for production, inspection and certification are not included, but in order to justify the allowable properties developed using procedures in this practice, manufacturers must conform to recognized manufacturing standards. Refer to ANSI A190.1 and CSA O122.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in SI units are mathematical conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a procedure for determination of accelerated formaldehyde release from uncoated and coated wood-based panels using the gas analysis method. The procedure is also suitable for the testing of other materials (e.g. edge bands, floor coverings, foams, foils, laminated wood products, veneered wood products, coated wood products).
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure for determination of accelerated formaldehyde release from uncoated and coated wood-based panels using the gas analysis method. The procedure is also suitable for the testing of other materials (e.g. edge bands, floor coverings, foams, foils, laminated wood products, veneered wood products, coated wood products).
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard14 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method determines the corner impact damage that could be used to measure the relative corner impact resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method shall be used to measure the relative corner impact resistance and other damage that may occur during the rough handling of wood-base panels or composite materials. This test method is suitable for all wood-base panels such as plywood, oriented strand board, hardboard, particleboard and medium density fiberboard as well as other composite panel products.
1.2 This test method covers determination and evaluation of the effects of panels being dropped from various heights with a predetermined amount of dead load and angle of impact to simulate an equivalent field application.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers a repository of terms and classifications essential for the business of Subcommittee D07.03.
1.2 Terms and classifications for inclusion in this terminology standard when needed for general use in the conduct of the standards over which Subcommittee D07.03 has jurisdiction.
1.3 The terms in this standard pertain to cellulosic boards or panel products derived from wood and the woody tissue of such plants as bagasse, flax, and straw. They fall into two general groups: (1) those manufactured from lignocellulosic fibers and fiber bundles where in manufacture the interfelting of the fibers and a natural bond are characteristics, and (2) those boards manufactured from a wide range in size and shape of particles ranging from fine elements approaching fibers in size to large flakes which are blended with synthetic resin adhesive and consolidated into boards characterized by the resin bond and usually known as resin-bonded particleboards or more commonly as particleboards.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes a method for assessing the durability of wood-based panels or analogue wood products to attack by wood-destroying basidiomycete fungi growing in pure culture.
The test method described in this document is intended to complement EN 113-2 with focus on specific aspects of wood-based panels or analogue wood products. This document is not intended to determine the effectiveness of wood preservatives used to prevent decay, which is covered by EN 113-1.
NOTE This method can be used in conjunction with an appropriate ageing procedure, for example EN 73 or EN 84.
The method is applicable to uncoated, rigid wood-based panel products. It is applicable to the determination of the decay resistance of wood-based panel products:
- made from naturally durable materials;
- made from materials treated with preservatives prior to manufacture;
- treated with a preservative which is introduced during manufacture, for example as an additive to the adhesive;
- specific treatments to increase durability of wood-based panels, e.g. wood modification.
Annex A (informative) contains a guidance on sampling.
Annex B (normative) contains some methods of sterilization.
Annex C (informative) contains information on the culture vessels.
Annex D (informative) contains an example of a test report.
Annex E (informative) contains information on the test fungi.
Annex F (informative) contains the assessment of the results.
Annex G (informative) contains extra info on moisture dynamics, coatings, composites and impact of dimensions.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method evaluates the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by resistance to creep under static load.
5.2 Test results from the evaluation of adhesive creep resistance, under designated environmental conditions of the test, provide a measure of the adhesive’s ability to withstand constant loading over a relatively long period of time.
5.3 Creep measured with this test method is normally used in conjunction with specifications such as, but not limited to Specification D2559 and CSA O112.9 to confirm suitability of an adhesive to resist creep under designed loads when subjected to specific levels of stress, load duration and environmental conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of creep properties of structural adhesives in wood-to-wood bonds when a standardized specimen is subjected to shearing stresses at various levels of static load, constant temperature, and relative humidity. Apparatus and procedures are provided for shear deformation (creep) of adhesive bonds under static load. This test method is used under the indicated conditions to evaluate resistance to creep properties of a structural wood adhesive.
1.2 The test method is used to evaluate creep performance of adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural wood products for general construction, marine use, or for other uses where a high-strength general construction, creep-resistant, durable adhesive bond is required. Individual block shear specimens are prepared from adhesively bonded laminations, subjected to a constant load under various combinations of temperature and relative humidity, and the amount of creep measured.
1.3 Creep of structural wood adhesives as measured by this test method may not be comparative to other ASTM methods and is limited to the conditions of the test and procedures contained herein.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method measures quantitatively the effects of water soaking and drying, and their associated swelling and shrinking stresses on adhesive bonds in overlay-laminated assemblies.
4.2 Adhesive bond performance is based on the ability of the adhesive and adhesive bonds to resist delamination during accelerated exposure to water and heat.
4.3 Resistance to delamination when subjected to environmental factors is critical to the performance of the laminated assembly in service.
4.4 This test method is to be used to determine the quality of adhesive bonds in overlay-wood core laminates after the adhesive has been certified by a specification appropriate for the product, class, and end use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a procedure to determine the quality of bond between an overlay and a wood core in an adhesively bonded laminate. The quality of bond is determined by measuring the resistance to delamination of the adhesively bonded laminate when tested under specific conditions of preparation, conditioning, and testing. Such products include, but are not limited to, window and door components, such as stiles and rails, and other overlaid panels. Typical wood-based cores are finger-jointed lumber, particleboard, oriented strand board, and hardboard. Typical overlays would be veneer, high-pressure laminate, high-density polyethylene, and fiberglass-reinforced plastic.
1.2 Adhesive bond performance as measured by resistance to delamination in this test method is suitable for use in adhesive product development, manufacturing quality control, and monitoring bonding processes.
1.3 This test method does not provide guidance for determining bond line performance for plywood products.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes a method for assessing the durability of wood-based panels or analogue wood products to attack by wood-destroying basidiomycete fungi growing in pure culture.
The test method described in this document is intended to complement EN 113-2 with focus on specific aspects of wood-based panels or analogue wood products. This document is not intended to determine the effectiveness of wood preservatives used to prevent decay, which is covered by EN 113-1.
NOTE This method can be used in conjunction with an appropriate ageing procedure, for example EN 73 or EN 84.
The method is applicable to uncoated, rigid wood-based panel products. It is applicable to the determination of the decay resistance of wood-based panel products:
- made from naturally durable materials;
- made from materials treated with preservatives prior to manufacture;
- treated with a preservative which is introduced during manufacture, for example as an additive to the adhesive;
- specific treatments to increase durability of wood-based panels, e.g. wood modification.
Annex A (informative) contains a guidance on sampling.
Annex B (normative) contains some methods of sterilization.
Annex C (informative) contains information on the culture vessels.
Annex D (informative) contains an example of a test report.
Annex E (informative) contains information on the test fungi.
Annex F (informative) contains the assessment of the results.
Annex G (informative) contains extra info on moisture dynamics, coatings, composites and impact of dimensions.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedures outlined will provide data that can be used to evaluate the structural performance, under concentrated loads, of roof and floor sheathing, separate from the effects of the framing, under simulated conditions representative of those in actual service.
5.2 The procedures are intended to be applied to roof or floor sheathing materials installed directly to framing. They are not intended for the evaluation of the framed assembly as a whole.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining the resistance to deflection and damage of floor and roof sheathing used in site-built construction subjected to concentrated static loads as well as impact loads from nonrigid blunt objects. It is applicable to wood and wood-based panels and boards, but is not intended to cover profiled metal decks, nor precast or cast-in-place slabs. Surface indentation is not evaluated separately from deflection.
1.2 Three applications are covered: roof sheathing, subfloors, and single floors. Roof sheathing is tested in both a dry and a wet condition, while subfloors and single floors are both tested in a dry condition, as well as a condition of having dried out after being wet. These moisture conditions are those commonly experienced with site-built construction.
Note 1: Where it is anticipated that sheathing will be subjected only to dry conditions during construction and use, or else to greater moisture exposure than is indicated in 7.3.2, the corresponding exposure conditions may be modified by agreement between the interested parties. For example, shop-built construction may be tested dry only, although the possibility of exposure to high humidity or leaks and flooding during use should be considered.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Density and specific gravity are cornerstone terms that help define many useful properties of wood and wood-based materials. These terms designate concepts that have distinct definitions though they relate to the same characteristic (mass in a unit volume). Generally, in the US and Canada, density of wood is measured in terms of specific gravity, or relative density. In the wood-based composites industry and internationally the term density is often preferred.
5.2 The basic density and basic specific gravity of wood are used in the forestry industry for calculating the oven-dry weight of wood fiber contained in a known wood volume of various wood species. Thus, it serves as an indicator of the amount of wood pulp that could be produced, the workability of the material or its shipping weight. This information is referenced in various resources, including Wood Handbook.5 Note that specific gravity varies within a tree, between trees, and between species. Since the specific gravity of wood cell wall substance is practically constant for all species (approximately 1.53), it is apparent that individual specific gravity value is indicative of the amount of wood cell wall substance present. It affords a rapid and valuable test method for selection of wood for specific uses. In US and Canadian building codes, the oven-dry specific gravity is correlated to various strength characteristics of wood products (for example, compression perpendicular to grain, shear strength and fastener holding capacity).
5.3 It is often desirable to know the density or specific gravity of a living tree, a structural member already in place, a log cross section, a segment of a research element, or the earlywood or latewood layer. Therefore, it is possible that specimens will be large or small, regular or irregular in shape, and at a variety of moisture contents. These test methods give procedures that include all of these variables and provides for calculation of density and specific gr...
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the density and specific gravity (relative density) of wood and wood-based materials to generally desired degrees of accuracy and for specimens of different sizes, shapes, and moisture content conditions. The test method title is indicative of the procedures used or the specific area of use.
Section
Test Method A—Volume by Measurement
8
Test Method B—Volume by Water Immersion
9
Test Method C—Flotation Tube
10
Test Method D—Forstner Bit
11
Test Method E—Increment Core
12
Test Method F—Chips
13
Test Method G—Full-Size Members
14
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Machining tests are made to determine the working qualities and characteristics of different species of wood and of different wood-based panel materials under a variety of machine operations such as are encountered in commercial manufacturing practice. The tests provide a systematic basis for comparing the behavior of different products with respect to woodworking machine operations and of evaluating their potential suitability for certain uses where these properties are of prime importance.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for planing, routing/shaping, turning, mortising, boring, and sanding, all of which are common wood-working operations used in the manufacture of wood products. These tests apply, in different degrees, to two general classes of materials:
1.1.1 Wood in the form of lumber, and
1.1.2 Wood-base panel materials such as plywood and wood-base fiber and particle panels.
1.2 Because of the importance of planing, some of the variables that affect the results of this operation are explored with a view to determining optimum conditions. In most of the other tests, however, it is necessary to limit the work to one set of fairly typical commercial conditions in which all the different woods are treated alike.
1.3 Several factors enter into any complete appraisal of the machining properties of a given wood or wood-base panel. Quality of finished surface is recommended as the basis for evaluation of machining properties. Rate of dulling of cutting tools and power consumed in cutting are also important considerations but are beyond the scope of these test methods.
1.4 Although the methods presented include the results of progressive developments in the evaluation of machining properties, further improvements are anticipated. For example, by present procedures, quality of the finished surface is evaluated by visual inspection, but as new mechanical or physical techniques become available that will afford improved precision of evaluation, they should be employed.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document is intended to facilitate the interpretation and use of the European Standards where the testing and specification of wood preservative products are described. It aims to assist users (manufacturers, specifiers, authorities, etc.) to correlate the choice of selected test methods, wood substrates and biological agents with the efficacy requirements of wood preservatives based on their claimed target organisms and end use. This document is a source of supplementary information to the relevant standards and cannot be used as a standalone document.
- Technical report18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The procedures described in this practice are intended to be used to establish design capacity (both strength and stiffness) values based on testing of OSB that, at a minimum, satisfies the relevant performance requirements of PS 2.
4.2 Review and reassessment of values derived from this practice shall be conducted on a periodic basis. If a change is found to be significant, retesting or reevaluation, or both, in accordance with the procedures of this practice shall be considered.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the basis for code recognition of design capacities for OSB structural-use panels. Procedures are provided to establish or re-evaluate design capacities for OSB structural-use panels in flatwise and axial applications. Design capacities for OSB structural-use panels in edgewise applications, such as rim board, are outside the scope of this standard. Procedures for sampling and testing are also provided. Design values stated as capacity per unit dimension are to be regarded as standard. Design capacities developed in accordance with this practice are applicable to panels intended for use in dry in-service conditions.
Note 1: This practice is based on ICC-ES Acceptance Criteria AC-182. Relative to the scope of AC-182, this practice is limited to OSB panels.
Note 2: While this practice makes reference to PS 2, this practice applies similarly to products certified to other standards such as CAN/CSA O325.
Note 3: OSB produced under PS 2 is rated with the “Exposure 1” bond classification. Exposure 1 panels covered by PS 2 are intended for dry use applications where the in-service equilibrium moisture content conditions are expected to be less than 16 %. Exposure 1 panels are intended to resist the effects of moisture due to construction delays, or other conditions of similar severity. Guidelines on use of OSB are available from manufacturers and qualified agencies.
Note 4: PS 2-10 replaced the use of nominal thicknesses with a classification term known as Performance Category, which is defined in PS 2 as “A panel designation related to the panel thickness range that is linked to the nominal panel thickness designations used in the International Building Code (IBC) and International Residential Code (IRC).” Therefore, the PS 2 Performance Category should be considered equivalent to the term “nominal thickness” used within this standard.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies test methods for the determination of characteristics of melamine faced boards (MFB) in accordance with EN 14322.
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This document specifies the surface requirements and dimensional tolerances for decorative melamine faced boards for interior use which are common for particleboards, extruded particleboards fibreboards and sandwich boards for furniture.
This document is not applicable to boards laminated with so called priming foils or finish foils and laminates according to EN 438-1 and EN 438-2.
This document is not applicable to laminate floor coverings.
Melamine faced wood-based boards in accordance with this document can be referred to as MFB.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Natural weathering tests can take several years and accelerated weathering evaluations often run for cycles requiring several weeks or months before obtaining useful data. Correlating wood panels selection with desired weathering performance characteristics assists a coatings experimenter in maximizing information in the desired time frame.
5.2 Because of the long time spans required for exposure testing, it is critical to plan a reliable experiment while controlling as many variables as possible. For this reason, selection of experimental panels made from representative wood species or composites, grades of lumber and surface types that are expected to be painted is very important.
5.3 This practice may be used for any types of exterior architectural coating intended for use on wood or wood composite substrate such as exterior house paints, primers, wood stains, or waterproofers.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice offers guidelines for selecting wood or wood composite substrates for the evaluation of specific weathering performance characteristics of architectural coatings such as exterior paints, primers, and deck finishes.
1.2 Procedures include selecting wood species and choosing individual wood test panels through visual examination of the wood characteristics.
1.3 This practice is intended to cover the most commonly employed wood substrates used in weathering studies of architectural coatings. It is not intended to serve as a comprehensive guide for all wood species that may be employed for the purpose of evaluating weathering performance characteristics of architectural coatings.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice documents cyclic performance benchmarks for shear walls constructed with wood structural panel (WSP) sheathing attached to dimension lumber framing using common or galvanized box nails as defined in 3.2.8.
5.2 Procedures described in this practice provide a method to evaluate an alternative shear wall system’s SEPs to demonstrate equivalent in-plane lateral seismic performance to the reference shear wall system.
5.3 The procedures described in this practice do not address all factors to be considered for recognition of an alternative shear wall system. Such factors, as described in 1.4, vary by the end-use application and shall be addressed outside the scope of this standard through an evaluation of the acceptability of the alternative shear wall system in accordance with requirements of building codes and standards, as applicable.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice establishes a method for alternative shear wall systems to compare seismic equivalency parameters (SEP) derived from cyclic in-plane racking tests to performance targets derived from tests of light-frame shear walls constructed with wood structural panel (WSP) sheathing attached to dimension lumber framing using nails.
1.2 This practice considers only the performance of shear walls subject to cyclic lateral loading, parallel to the plane of the shear wall. Design of walls with openings and performance for other wall functions, such as out-of-plane bending, combined shear and uplift, and so forth are not considered.
1.3 This practice is applicable only to shear walls where all vertical-load-supporting elements are intact at the end of the in-plane lateral load test and remain capable of supporting gravity loads. Wall assemblies whose vertical-load-supporting elements buckle or otherwise become incapable of supporting gravity loads during the lateral load test are outside the scope of this practice. In addition, for bearing wall systems, this practice assumes that the shear wall system under evaluation has documented design procedures to ensure that vertical-load-supporting elements have adequate resistance to the combined effect of compression loads caused by overturning and gravity loads.
1.4 This practice does not address height limitations, detailing requirements, wall openings, derivation of design values for strength and stiffness, or other requirements and limitations that may be necessary for an alternative shear wall system. These requirements shall be provided elsewhere, such as by a suitable product standard for the alternative shear wall system.
1.5 This practice assumes that the stiffness or deformation of the alternative shear wall system can be estimated, and that design loads within a structure will be distributed among seismically equivalent wall systems based on their relative stiffness.
1.6 This practice is not intended to preclude other rational means of evaluating seismic performance.
1.7 This practice assumes that the alternative shear wall system may be used alone or in combination with wood-frame shear walls sheathed with wood structural panels.
1.8 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT)...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Many physical and mechanical properties of wood and wood-based materials change in response to the environmental equilibrium moisture content, and any comparison of these properties must take moisture content into account. A consistent base for comparison among different test samples and different laboratories is necessary. Shrinkage and dimensional change in particular are dependent on moisture content, and tests involving their measurement must be conducted with good equilibrium moisture content control. Conditioning can also be important in industrial settings where there are optimum moisture content levels for many products and processes, and conformance to these levels can reduce losses in quality and yield.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers standard procedures for conditioning and equilibrating wood and wood-based materials to constant moisture content. The procedures apply to solid wood, wood-based fiber and particulate materials and panels, and wood products containing adhesives. They are intended for use in research and development activities, testing laboratories, quality control, and for all other classes of producers and users. This guide includes background material on the importance of moisture content control, important definitions and technical data, possible types of apparatus, procedures, and the importance of conditioning time. Users should recognize that the necessary degree of precision and bias varies with the intentions of the users. Some research and testing, for example, might require very close control of moisture content, whereas control in an industrial storage facility might not require such close control. This guide offers procedures that include these different requirements.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values of temperature in degrees Fahrenheit given in Table X1.2 are mathematical conversions that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the procedure section, Section 6, of this guide. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Voluntary forest certification systems have become an important factor in promoting sustainable forest management. The standards in use are highly variable, however. Even within a family of standards with a common label there is the potential for wide variations in practices. This prevents producers and consumers from using a certification label to characterize products according to a specific set of qualities or values. This practice creates a framework to differentiate products based on a set of qualities and values identified as important in the market for wood products. (A) See Appendix X3 for discussion of additional concepts related to sub-categorization of certified sources.(B) For the purposes of categorizing products under this practice, distributors and retailers can rely on “on-product” labels for chain of custody or a certified procurement system if they are not engaged in significant value-added processing or remanufacture. In lieu of an on‐product label, a certificate of compliance indicating conformance with the applicable chain of custody or certified procurement system is permitted.
5.2 This practice is intended to be used by producers, distributors, retailers, or consumers who wish to understand where a product fits within three categories. At a minimum, the user will need to know the geographic origin of the wood going into a product and whether it is labeled or otherwise certified to a procurement system or chain of custody based on a voluntary forest management or certification standard. Producers who want to use this practice must be able to identify the geographic origin of the wood to at least the level needed to support the claims to consumers associated with a given category and described in 6.1.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice sets forth minimum criteria and evaluation requirements for products employing the use of different systems to trace wood fiber to sources operating under different forest management or forest certification systems.
1.2 The purpose of this practice is to provide wood products manufacturers, distributors, and retailers with a system to provide clear, objective information to communicate to consumers regarding product conformance to different wood fiber tracing systems within specific forest management or forest certification programs. It provides a structure that segregates the different types of labels and tracing systems in use among major forest certification standards and other voluntary and regulatory standards governing the production of forest products.
Note 1: The principles in this practice apply internationally, provided that the required information is available to support categorization. For example, products certified to the globally recognized forest certification standards will meet the “Certified Sources” category regardless of their origin, and documented risk assessments (noted in Appendix X5) provide the basis upon which raw materials sourced from Canada and the United States can be deemed to meet the “Legal Sources” category. To categorize raw materials sourced outside of Canada and the United States as “Legal Sources,” it is recommended that the adopting entity develop supplemental provisions to address country-specific issues as needed.
1.2.1 This practice provides an objective basis to differentiate among:
1.2.1.1 Non-controversial (that is, legal) sources of forest products,
1.2.1.2 Responsible sources of forest products (that is, non-controversial sources together with certified procurement systems or from forests managed using responsible practices), and
1.2.1.3 Certified sources of forest products (that is, non-controversial sources together with certified chain of custody).
1.2.2 This practice is intended to provide a framework to help wood product vendors identify the competent and reliable evidence needed to substantiate product claims as required by the U.S. Federal Trade Commission’s Guides for ...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Most of the methoxyl in wood is attributable to the lignin. This test method is used extensively in the study of lignin.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of methoxyl groups in wood and related materials (1-7).2 The test method is applicable to milled wood or sawdust, or by suitable adjustment in size of the test specimen, to fractions isolated from wood and lignin.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 6.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification recognizes the complexity of structural glued products. This specification, or parts thereof, shall be applicable to structural composite lumber portions of manufactured structural components. Tests shall be performed to determine the properties of the material in accordance to the following test methods: moisture content measurement; bending; tension parallel to grain; compression parallel to grain; compression perpendicular to grain; longitudinal shear; connections; bond quality; product durability; edgewise bending durability; lateral edge nail durability; thickness swell; and density gradient through the thickness.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification recognizes the complexity of structural glued products. Consequently, this specification covers both specific procedures and statements of intent that sampling and analysis must relate to the specific product.
1.2 This specification was developed in the light of currently manufactured products as defined in 3.2. Materials that do not conform to the definitions are beyond the scope of this specification. A brief discussion is found in Appendix X2.
1.3 Details of manufacturing procedures are beyond the scope of this specification.
Note 1: There is some potential for manufacturing variables to affect the properties of members that are loaded for sustained periods of time. Users of this specification are advised to consider the commentary on this topic in Appendix X2.
1.4 This specification primarily considers end use in dry service conditions defined in the governing code-referenced design standards, such as in most covered structures. The conditioning environment of 6.3 is considered representative of such uses.
1.5 The performance of structural composite lumber is affected by wood species, wood element size and shape, and adhesive and production parameters. Therefore, products produced by each individual manufacturer shall be evaluated to determine their product properties, regardless of the similarity in characteristics to products produced by other manufacturers. Where a manufacturer produces product in more than one facility, each production facility shall be evaluated independently. For additional production facilities, any revisions to the full qualification program in accordance with this specification shall be approved by the independent qualifying agency.
1.6 This specification is intended to provide manufacturers, regulatory agencies, and end users with a means to evaluate a composite lumber product intended for use as a structural material.
1.7 This specification covers initial qualification sampling, mechanical and physical tests, analysis, and design value assignments. Requirements for a quality-control program and cumulative evaluations are included to ensure maintenance of allowable design values for the product.
1.8 This specification, or parts thereof, shall be applicable to structural composite lumber portions of manufactured structural components.
1.9 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.10 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.11 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document establishes the standard terms and definitions (including those relative to features and defects), the methods for the determination of physical characteristics and the tolerances for dimensions (length, width, thickness) for wood veneers, including natural, treated and multilaminar veneers, that can be obtained by slicing, rotary cutting or sawing. The specific definitions, properties and requirements concerning these treated, multilaminar veneers and laminated wood veneers are not included in this document.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The hygroscopic properties of wood and wood-based products treated with fire-retardant chemicals are often greater than for untreated products. This is particularly true at the higher relative humidity conditions. This higher hygroscopicity sometimes is the cause for staining, decay, poor paint adhesion, and migration and exuding of chemicals and moisture at the high humidities. Corrosion of metal fasteners sometimes also occurs.
4.2 The results obtained with this standard are important in identifying treatments with low hygroscopic properties.
4.3 Results can be useful in determining exposure limitations in service for specific treated products.
4.4 Building codes and other specifications for fire-retardant-treated wood for interior use include requirements based on this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method prescribes the procedure for determining the hygroscopicity of fire retardant treated wood products by determining the moisture content of fire-retardant-treated wood and wood-based product specimens after exposure to a test condition of 92 ± 2 % relative humidity at 81 ± 4°F [27 ± 2°C].
1.2 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems has the potential to result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Flexure tests on flat sandwich constructions may be conducted to determine the sandwich flexural stiffness, the core shear strength and shear modulus, or the facing’s compressive and tensile strengths. Tests to evaluate core shear strength may also be used to evaluate core-to-facing bonds.
5.2 This practice provides a standard method of determining sandwich flexural and shear stiffness and core shear modulus using calculations involving measured deflections of sandwich flexure specimens. Tests can be conducted on short specimens and on long specimens (or on one specimen loaded in two ways), and the flexural stiffness, shear rigidity, and core shear modulus can be determined by simultaneous solution of the complete deflection equations for each span or each loading. If the facing modulus values are known, a short span beam can be tested and the calculated bending deflection subtracted from the beam's total deflection. This gives the shear deflection from which the transverse shear modulus can be determined.
Note 1: Core shear strength and shear modulus are best determined in accordance with Test Method C273, provided bare core material is available.
Note 2: For cores with high shear modulus, the shear deflection will be quite small and ordinary errors in deflection measurements will cause considerable variations in the calculated shear modulus.
Note 3: To ensure that simple sandwich beam theory is valid, a good rule of thumb for a four-point bending test is the span length divided by the sandwich thickness should be greater than 20 (L1/d > 20) with the ratio of facing thickness to core thickness less than 0.1 (t/c
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers determination of the flexural and transverse shear stiffness properties of flat sandwich constructions subjected to flexure in such a manner that the applied moments produce curvature of the sandwich facing planes. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb). The calculation methods in this practice are limited to sandwich beams exhibiting linear force-deflection response. This practice uses test results obtained from Test Methods C393/C393M or D7249/D7249M, or both.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The effects of VOC sources on the indoor air quality in buildings have not been well established. One basic requirement that has emerged from indoor air quality studies is the need for well-characterized test data on the emission factors of VOCs from building materials. Standard test method and procedure are a requirement for the comparison of emission factor data from different products.
4.2 This practice describes a procedure for using a small environmental test chamber to determine the emission factors of VOCs from wood-based panels over a specified period of time. A pre-screening analysis procedure is also provided to identify the VOCs emitted from the products, to determine the appropriate GC-MS or GC-FID analytical procedure, and to estimate required sampling volume for the subsequent environmental chamber testing.
4.3 Test results obtained using this practice provide a basis for comparing the VOC emission characteristics of different wood-based panel products. The emission data can be used to inform manufacturers of the VOC emissions from their products. The data can also be used to identify building materials with reduced VOC emissions over the time interval of the test.
4.4 While emission factors determined by using this practice can be used to compare different products, the concentrations measured in the chamber shall not be considered as the resultant concentrations in an actual indoor environment.
SCOPE
1.1 The practice measures the volatile organic compounds (VOC), excluding formaldehyde, emitted from manufactured wood-based panels. A pre-screening analysis is used to identify the VOCs emitted from the panel. Emission factors (that is, emission rates per unit surface area) for the VOCs of interest are then determined by measuring the concentrations in a small environmental test chamber containing a specimen. The test chamber is ventilated at a constant air change rate under the standard environmental conditions. For formaldehyde determination, see Test Method D6007.
1.2 This practice describes a test method that is specific to the measurement of VOC emissions from newly manufactured individual wood-based panels, such as particleboard, plywood, and oriented strand board (OSB), for the purpose of comparing the emission characteristics of different products under the standard test condition. For general guidance on conducting small environmental chamber tests, see Guide D5116.
1.3 VOC concentrations in the environmental test chamber are determined by adsorption on an appropriate single adsorbent tube or multi-adsorbent tube, followed by thermal desorption and combined gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) or gas chromatograph/flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The air sampling procedure and the analytical method recommended in this practice are generally valid for the identification and quantification of VOCs with saturation vapor pressure between 500 and 0.01 kPa at 25°C, depending on the selection of adsorbent(s).
Note 1: VOCs being captured by an adsorbent tube depend on the adsorbent(s) and sampling procedure selected (see Practice D6196). The user should have a thorough understanding of the limitations of each adsorbent used. Although canisters can be used to sample VOCs, this standard is limited to sampling VOCs from the chamber air using adsorbent tubes.
1.4 The emission factors determined using the above procedure describe the emission characteristics of the specimen under the standard test condition. These data can be used directly to compare the emission characteristics of different products and to estimate the emission rates up to one month after the production. They shall not be used to predict the emission rates over longer periods of time (that is, more than one month) or under different environmental conditions.
1.5 Emission data from chamber tests can be used for predicting the impact of wood-based panels on the VOC concentrations...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Moisture content is one of the most important variables affecting the properties of wood and wood-based materials. The procedures in these test methods are structured to permit the full range of use from fundamental research to industrial processing. Method A is the reference (primary) standard for determining moisture content of wood and wood-based materials, which is designed for obtaining the most precise values of moisture content consistent with the needs of the user. It provides means of assessing variability contributed by the oven or specimen hygroscopicity, or both. In addition, criteria are described for defining the endpoint in oven-drying. Method B provides relatively simple procedures of measuring moisture content, but generally with a lower precision than Method A. Representativeness of the specimens to the full-size product, including knots, sapwood, and heartwood, needs to be considered. These methods are not recommended for use with treated wood products impregnated with creosote, petroleum, and their solutions where the volatile non-wood chemicals contained in the specimen introduce greater bias than desired in the results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the moisture content (MC) of wood, veneer, and other wood-based materials, including those that contain adhesives and chemical additives. The test procedures appear in the following order:
Sections
Method A—Primary Oven-Drying Method
5
Method B—Secondary Oven-Drying Method
6
1.2 The primary oven-drying method (Method A) is intended as the sole primary method. It is structured for purposes where the highest accuracy or degree of precision is needed (for example, research or calibration).
1.3 The secondary oven-drying method (Method B) is intended for the purposes where the primary procedure (Method A) is not desired or justified. Test results in this method are generally less precise than in Method A.
1.4 For materials that have been chemically treated or impregnated with creosote, petroleum, and their solutions such that the oven-drying procedures introduce greater bias than desired in the results, other methods, such as AWPA A6, are recommended.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Flexure tests on flat sandwich construction may be conducted to determine the sandwich flexural stiffness, the core shear strength, and shear modulus, or the facesheets’ compressive and tensile strengths. Tests to evaluate core shear strength may also be used to evaluate core-to-facesheet bonds.
5.2 This test method is limited to obtaining the strength and stiffness of the sandwich panel facesheets, and to obtaining load-deflection data for use in calculating sandwich beam flexural and shear stiffness using Practice D7250/D7250M. Due to the curvature of the flexural test specimen when loaded, facesheet compression strength from this test may not be equivalent to the facesheet compression strength of sandwich structures subjected to pure edgewise (in-plane) compression.
5.3 Core shear strength and shear modulus are best determined in accordance with Test Method C273/C273M provided bare core material is available. Test Method C393/C393M may also be used to determine core shear strength. Practice D7250/D7250M may be used to calculate the flexural and shear stiffness of sandwich beams.
5.4 This test method can be used to produce facesheet strength data for structural design allowables, material specifications, and research and development applications; it may also be used as a quality control test for bonded sandwich panels.
5.5 Factors that influence the facesheet strength and shall therefore be reported include the following: facesheet material, core material, adhesive material, methods of material fabrication, facesheet stacking sequence and overall thickness, core geometry (cell size), core density, adhesive thickness, specimen geometry, specimen preparation, specimen conditioning, environment of testing, specimen alignment, loading procedure, speed of testing, facesheet void content, adhesive void content, and facesheet volume percent reinforcement. Further, facesheet strength may be different between precured/bonded and co-cured facesheets of the s...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of facesheet properties of flat sandwich constructions subjected to flexure in such a manner that the applied moments produce curvature of the sandwich facesheet planes and result in compressive and tensile forces in the facesheets. Permissible core material forms include those with continuous bonding surfaces (such as balsa wood and foams) as well as those with discontinuous bonding surfaces (such as honeycomb).
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.2.1 Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: Alternate procedures for determining the compressive strength of unidirectional polymer matrix composites materials in a sandwich beam configuration may be found in Test Method D5467/D5467M.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Water absorptiveness through the surface of an overlaid panel is a function of various characteristics of the overlay and substrate, including overlay resin content, thickness of the overlay, porosity, and permeability.
3.2 This test method is useful in comparing the water absorption characteristics of different overlaid panel products. The results from this test method are influenced by both the performance of the overlay system and the panel substrate. Therefore, the results are appropriate for comparison of the relative performance of an overlay system when tested over similar or matched panel substrates.
Note 1: Panel attributes that may influence water absorption include, but are not limited to, panel type, wood species, face veneer thickness and grade, preoverlay surface treatment such as sanding, particle geometry and compaction ratio.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the quantity of water absorbed in a specified time through the surface of an overlaid wood-based panel. The test method measures the rate of water gain within a controlled surface area of the overlaid panel surface when exposed to standing water. The method was adapted from the principles of Test Method D5795.
1.2 This test method is applicable to various overlaid wood-based panels including, but not limited to, plywood (such as MDO grades and HDO grades referenced in PS 1–09), oriented strand board, medium density fiberboard, particleboard, and hardboard.
1.3 This test method does not address sampling procedures, number of replications nor performance criteria since those details vary depending upon the purpose of the testing and the type of product. The method is specific to the panel surface and does not evaluate water absorption or edge swell that may occur along panel edges. The method does not consider the variables related to in-service moisture conditions and therefore does not claim to directly relate to water absorption that may occur in actual panel use situations.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This test method does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this test method to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods provide procedures that are applicable under true field conditions, such as in a plant with specimens not at moisture equilibrium.
4.2 The data established by these test methods can be used as follows:
4.2.1 Develop strength and stiffness properties for the population represented by the material being tested (that is, individual grades, grade combinations, species, species groups, or any other defined, identifiable sample).
4.2.2 Confirm the validity of strength and stiffness properties for the population represented by the material being tested.
4.2.3 Investigate the effect of parameters that have the potential to influence the strength and stiffness properties of the material, such as moisture content, temperature, knot size and location, or slope of grain.
4.3 The procedures chosen in accordance with these test methods shall be fully documented in the report to facilitate correlation with test results obtained through the use of traditional procedures, such as those set forth in Test Methods D198.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the mechanical properties of stress-graded lumber and other wood-based structural materials.
1.2 These test methods appear in the following order:
Section
Bending edge-wise
6
Bending flat-wise:
Center-point loading
7
Third-point loading
8
Axial strength in tension
9
Axial strength in compression
10
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Durable adhesive bonds of composite laminates can be obtained reliably only through proper selection and careful control of the materials used and the steps in the bonding process. The preparation of the composite laminates to obtain surfaces with appropriate characteristics is a critical step. Improper surface preparation can produce seemingly acceptable bonds that can degrade rapidly with time. This practice describes how properly prepared surfaces can be obtained.
4.2 The formation of reproducible, durable, adhesive bonds in structural units requires great care in the selection of materials, the preparation of the surfaces of the parts to be bonded, the fit of parts, and the performance of the steps in the bonding process. Experience has shown that adhesive bonding carried out in accordance with this practice produces reproducible bonds.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the materials, processes, and quality controls to be used in the manufacture of durable adhesive bonded, nonmetallic faced, flat sandwich panels for rigid wall relocatable shelters.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is intended to establish the test protocol for decking materials and systems. This test method is intended to address a fire caused by exterior sources that involves the upper surface of the deck or structure.
4.2 This test is a practical assessment of fire-test-response characteristics under a prescribed fire loading. This test method is a variation of Test Method E108.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the fire-test-response characteristics of deck structures attached to or in close proximity to primary structures. The burning brand exposures test is intended to determine the degradation modes of decking materials when exposed to a burning brand on the upper surface of a deck structure.
1.2 The use of paints, coatings, stains, or other surface treatments for fire protection purposes are beyond the scope of this test method. This test method excludes the use of paints, stains, or coatings for this fire-test-response determination.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.5 Fire testing of products and materials is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These methods give the flexural properties, principally strength and stiffness, of structural panels. These properties are of primary importance in most structural uses of panels whether in construction for floors, wall sheathing, roof decking, concrete form, or various space plane structures; packaging and materials handling for containers, crates, or pallets; or structural components such as stress-skin panels.
3.2 To control or define other variables influencing flexure properties, moisture content and time to failure must be determined. Conditioning of test material at controlled atmospheres to control test moisture content and determination of specific gravity are recommended. Comparisons of results of plywood, veneer composites, and laminates with solid wood or other plywood constructions will be greatly assisted if the thickness of the individual plies is measured to permit computation of section properties.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the flexural properties of strips cut from structural panels or panels up to 4 by 8 ft in size. Structural panels in use include plywood, waferboard, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers. Four methods of tests are included:
Sections
Method A—Center-Point Flexure Test
5
Method B—Two-Point Flexure Test
6
Method C—Large Panel Test
7
Method D—Flexure Test for Quality Assurance
8
The choice of method will be dictated by the purpose of the test, type of material, and equipment availability. All methods are applicable to material that is relatively uniform in strength and stiffness properties. Only Method C should be used to test material suspected of having strength or stiffness variations within a panel caused by density variations, knots, knot-holes, areas of distorted grain, fungal attack, or wide growth variations. However, Method B may be used to evaluate certain features such as core gaps and veneer joints in plywood panels where effects are readily projected to full panels. Method C generally is preferred where size of test material permits. Moments applied to fail specimens tested by Method A, B or D in which large deflections occur can be considerably larger than nominal. An approximate correction can be made.
1.2 Method A, Center-Point Flexure Test—This method is applicable to material that is uniform with respect to elastic and strength properties. Total deflection, and modulus of elasticity computed from it, include a relatively constant component attributable to shear deformation. It is well suited to investigations of many variables that influence properties uniformly throughout the panel in controlled studies and to test small, defect-free control specimens cut from large panels containing defects tested by the large-specimen method.
1.3 Method B, Two-Point Flexure Test—This method, like Method A, is suited to the investigation of factors that influence strength and elastic properties uniformly throughout the panel, in controlled studies, and to testing small, defect free control specimens cut from large specimens tested by Method C. However, it may be used to determine the effects of finger joints, veneer joints and gaps, and other features which can be placed entirely between the load points and whose effects can be projected readily to full panel width. Deflection and modulus of elasticity obtained from this method are related to flexural stress only and do not contain a shear component. Significant errors in modulus of rupture can occur when nominal moment is used (see Appendix X1).
1.4 Method C, Large Panel Test—This method is ideally suited for evaluating effects of knots, knot-holes, areas of sloping grain, and patches for their effect on standard full-size panels. It is equally well suited for testing uniform or clear material whenever specimen size is adequate. Specimen size and span above certain minimums are quite flexibl...
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- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines wood-based panels for use in construction and specifies the relevant characteristics and the appropriate test methods to determine these characteristics for wood-based panels, unfaced, overlaid, veneered or coated:
- for internal use as structural components in dry conditions ) ;
- for internal (or protected external) use as structural components in humid conditions ) ;
- for external use as structural components ) ;
- for internal use as non-structural components in dry conditions1);
- for internal (or protected external) uses as non structural components in humid conditions2);
- for external use as non-structural components3);
- for use as structural floor decking on joists in dry1) or humid2) or external3) conditions;
- for use as structural roof decking on joists in dry1) or humid2) or external3) conditions;
- for use as structural wall sheathing on studs in dry1) or humid2) or external3) conditions.
It provides for the evaluation of conformity and the requirements for marking these products.
This document covers wood-based panels in the form of solid wood panels, LVL ) , plywood, OSB, particleboards (chipboards) either resin- or cement-bonded, wet process fibreboards (hardboards, medium boards, softboards) and dry process fibreboards (MDF) for use in construction. They may contain chemical agents to improve their reaction to fire and their resistance to biological attack, e.g. by fungi and insects.
This document is not intended to be applicable to wood-based panels for use in non-constructional applications.
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