79.060.10 - Plywood
ICS 79.060.10 Details
Plywood
Sperrholz
Contreplaqué
Vezan les
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 79.060.10 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Plywood". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 141 standards classified under ICS 79.060.10 (Plywood). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document provides information on the characteristic values for use in designing structures incorporating wood-based panels. The characteristic values given are as defined in EN 1995 1 1.
When utilizing the classification system for derivation of plywood characteristic values, this document can only be applied with reference to EN 636.
This document includes the characteristic values of the mechanical properties for plywood complying with EN 636 in bending, tension, compression, panel shear and planar shear. EN 636 classifies bending properties into two sets of classes, one for stiffness and another for strength. Stiffness and strength in tension and compression are related to the same properties in bending.
For shear properties, fixed values determined by correlation to density are provided.
Where optimized values are needed, the characteristic values are determined directly by testing in accordance with EN 789 and EN 1058 or by combination of testing according to the latter two standards and calculation according to EN 14272.
This document applies to panels complying with the three following conditions:
— 5 layers or more and 6 mm overall thickness and more;
— the ratio of the cumulative thickness of veneers in alternate directions does not exceed 2.5;
— wood species with a mean density greater than 350 kg/m3 and not exceeding 750 kg/m3.
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This document provides information on the characteristic values for use in designing structures incorporating wood-based panels. The characteristic values given are as defined in EN 1995 1 1.
When utilizing the classification system for derivation of plywood characteristic values, this document can only be applied with reference to EN 636.
This document includes the characteristic values of the mechanical properties for plywood complying with EN 636 in bending, tension, compression, panel shear and planar shear. EN 636 classifies bending properties into two sets of classes, one for stiffness and another for strength. Stiffness and strength in tension and compression are related to the same properties in bending.
For shear properties, fixed values determined by correlation to density are provided.
Where optimized values are needed, the characteristic values are determined directly by testing in accordance with EN 789 and EN 1058 or by combination of testing according to the latter two standards and calculation according to EN 14272.
This document applies to panels complying with the three following conditions:
— 5 layers or more and 6 mm overall thickness and more;
— the ratio of the cumulative thickness of veneers in alternate directions does not exceed 2.5;
— wood species with a mean density greater than 350 kg/m3 and not exceeding 750 kg/m3.
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On the basis of test results from wood-based panel products for structural purposes, this document specifies a method for the determination of:
- characteristic 5-percentile values of mechanical properties under the assumption of a log-normal distribution of the test data according to EN 14358; and
- characteristic mean values (50-percentile values) of physical properties under the assumption of a normal distribution of the test data according to EN 14358.
Test data can be determined from tests using the test methods outlined in the test standard EN 789 or other relevant test standard, performance standard or product standard normatively referring to EN 1058.
NOTE See e.g. EN 1195 and EN 12871.
The statistical evaluation follows the principles of EN 1990:2023 , Annex D of EN 1995-1-1:2004 and of EN 14358:2016.
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On the basis of test results from wood-based panel products for structural purposes, this document specifies a method for the determination of:
- characteristic 5-percentile values of mechanical properties under the assumption of a log-normal distribution of the test data according to EN 14358; and
- characteristic mean values (50-percentile values) of physical properties under the assumption of a normal distribution of the test data according to EN 14358.
Test data can be determined from tests using the test methods outlined in the test standard EN 789 or other relevant test standard, performance standard or product standard normatively referring to EN 1058.
NOTE See e.g. EN 1195 and EN 12871.
The statistical evaluation follows the principles of EN 1990:2023 , Annex D of EN 1995-1-1:2004 and of EN 14358:2016.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Planar shear (rolling shear) characteristics of structural panels determined by these test methods are essential for the rigorous design of various glued wood-panel structural components, such as box beams, folded plate roofs, and stressed skin panels. Planar shear also may govern the design at low span-depth ratios encountered in floors subjected to high concentrated loads, concrete forms at high pouring pressures, and bulk storage structures.
3.2 The modulus of rigidity determined from Test Method A is a composite of the entire specimen acting as a unit. For plywood panels for which the ratio between the shear moduli of the plies with grain oriented parallel and perpendicular to the shear forces is known, the rolling shear modulus of the perpendicular plies can be calculated.
3.3 Veneer produced by slicing or rotary peeling may contain fine checks or separations parallel to the grain on the knife side of the veneer that are produced as the knife is forced through the wood. These checks are termed “knife checks” to distinguish them from occasional checks that may be formed on the opposite side of the veneer by forces at the compression bar, and from checks caused by drying. Knife checks can have a significant effect on rolling shear properties in plywood panels and may be of significance in other veneer containing panels. Test Method A requires (when applicable) the testing of matching specimens having knife checks oriented both open and closed wherever possible (see Fig. 1).
3.4 To control or define other variables influencing rolling shear, these test methods require determination of moisture content, specific gravity, and elapsed time-to-failure. Conditioning of test material in controlled atmospheres, determination of depth of knife checks (when applicable), and determination of percent of wood and plywood glueline failure (when applicable) are recommended.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the shear properties of structural panels associated with shear distortion of the planes parallel to the edge planes of the panels. Both shear strength and modulus of rigidity may be determined. Primarily, the tests measure the planar shear (rolling shear) strength developed in the plane of the panel.
1.2 Structural panels in use include, but are not limited to, structural plywood, oriented strand board (OSB), and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.
1.3 Two test methods are included:
1.3.1 Test Method A—Planar shear loaded by plates.
1.3.2 Test Method B—Planar shear induced by five-point bending.
1.3.3 The choice of method will be dictated by the purpose of the test and equipment available.
1.3.4 Test Method A, Planar Shear Loaded by Plates—This test method uses a rectangular panel section adhered between steel plates with protruding knife edges to create load at the panel faces. This test method has been used to develop shear properties of plywood and oriented strand board for the purpose of confirming design values. This test method does not produce pure shear, but the specimen length is prescribed so that the secondary stresses have a minimum effect. The method determines shear strength and modulus of rigidity.
1.3.5 Test Method B, Planar Shear Induced by Five-Point Bending—Planar shear stress is induced on the panel while loaded in bending using two continuous spans. This test method determines planar shear strength consistent with panel applications under transverse loading. This test method is able to determine shear strength at any moisture condition.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. When there are values given in parentheses, these are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this stan...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is most useful for determining the moduli of rigidity of orthotropic materials for which moduli of rigidity cannot be computed from elastic moduli and Poisson's ratios. The shear modulus determined by this method appears in the equation governing the bending of a plate. This is the modulus that is needed in discussing the deflection and buckling of plates.
Note 2: Test Methods D2718 describes a plate method for determination of modulus of rigidity of structural panels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the shear modulus of wood-based structural panels associated with shear distortion in the plane of the panels. The method is applicable to all types of wood-based structural panels. The grain direction or orientation of the individual plies, laminations, or layers shall be parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the test specimen. If the plies, laminations, or layers are of different material or elastic properties, the method gives the effective shearing modulus. Wood-based structural panels in use include plywood, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.
Note 1: This test method is primarily designed for material in which the grain or orientation of the individual plies, laminations, or layers is parallel or perpendicular to the edge of the specimen. It may be used, however, for plywood specimens in which the grain is at 45° to the specimen edges if a four-ply panel with all plies of the same thickness is used. The controlling condition is that the EI (modulus of elasticity × moment of inertia) values along both diagonals shall be equal.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document sets out provisions regarding the performance of characteristics of the following Types of cross laminated timber for use in buildings and bridges:
- Type 1: Straight or curved cross laminated timber comprising only timber layers but no large finger joints;
- Type 2: Straight cross laminated timber comprising only timber layers and large finger joints;
- Type 3: Straight cross laminated timber comprising timber and wood-based panel layers but no large finger joints.
This document covers cross laminated timber of all three Types of cross laminated timber:
- manufactured according to this document, which sets up provisions for:
- boundary conditions during manufacture of cross laminated timber;
- moisture content and temperature of timber to be bonded;
- production of finger joints and bonds between layers;
- to be used in service class 1 or 2 according to EN 1995-1-1;
- made of coniferous species and poplar listed in this document;
- which may be made of layers made of different species;
- bonded with phenolic or aminoplastic or moisture curing one-component polyurethane or emulsion polymer isocyanate adhesives of adhesive Type I according to the respective standard;
- made of timber laminations having a nominal width between 40 mm (including) and 300 mm (including);
- built up of at least three orthogonally bonded layers (at least two of them timber layers);
- which may have, depending on the number of layers, adjacent layers bonded parallel to the grain;
- made of timber layers which are made of strength graded timber according to EN 14081-1;
-made of timber layers having nominal thicknesses between 6 mm (including) and 47 mm (including);
- made of timber layers which may comprise edge bonds;
- having nominal overall thicknesses up to 500 mm.
Additional provisions of this document apply for straight cross laminated timber comprising only timber layers and comprising large finger joints (Type 2):
- made from cross laminated timber pieces having the same cross-section and layup;
- made from cross laminated timber pieces having nominal cross-sectional thicknesses from 51 mm (including) up to 345 mm (including) and nominal minimum thicknesses of the outer layers not less than 17 mm (including);
- made from cross laminated timber pieces solely comprising timber layers;
- made from plane cross laminated timber pieces;
- with parallel x-axes of the jointed components;
- with large finger joints having a finger length of at least 45 mm and fingers which are visible at the two narrow sides of the components;
- having large finger joints bonded with phenolic or aminoplastic or moisture curing one-component polyurethane adhesives of adhesive Type I according to the respective standard.
Additional provisions of this document apply for straight cross laminated timber comprising timber and wood-based panel layers but no large finger joints (Type 3):
- made of structural wood-based panels specified in this document;
- made of one panel per layer and;
- having thicknesses between 6 mm (including) and 45 mm (including).
This document applies to cross laminated timber untreated or treated against biological attack.
This document does not cover:
- cross laminated timber treated with fire retardants;
- cross laminated timber which is produced from re-used timber or wood-based panels comprising re-used timber.
It also lays down procedures for assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVPC) of cross laminated timber.
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This document provides systems of classification of plywood panels based on general appearance and principal characteristics.
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This document sets out provisions regarding the performance of characteristics of the following Types of cross laminated timber for use in buildings and bridges:
- Type 1: Straight or curved cross laminated timber comprising only timber layers but no large finger joints;
- Type 2: Straight cross laminated timber comprising only timber layers and large finger joints;
- Type 3: Straight cross laminated timber comprising timber and wood-based panel layers but no large finger joints.
This document covers cross laminated timber of all three Types of cross laminated timber:
- manufactured according to this document, which sets up provisions for:
- boundary conditions during manufacture of cross laminated timber;
- moisture content and temperature of timber to be bonded;
- production of finger joints and bonds between layers;
- to be used in service class 1 or 2 according to EN 1995-1-1;
- made of coniferous species and poplar listed in this document;
- which may be made of layers made of different species;
- bonded with phenolic or aminoplastic or moisture curing one-component polyurethane or emulsion polymer isocyanate adhesives of adhesive Type I according to the respective standard;
- made of timber laminations having a nominal width between 40 mm (including) and 300 mm (including);
- built up of at least three orthogonally bonded layers (at least two of them timber layers);
- which may have, depending on the number of layers, adjacent layers bonded parallel to the grain;
- made of timber layers which are made of strength graded timber according to EN 14081-1;
-made of timber layers having nominal thicknesses between 6 mm (including) and 47 mm (including);
- made of timber layers which may comprise edge bonds;
- having nominal overall thicknesses up to 500 mm.
Additional provisions of this document apply for straight cross laminated timber comprising only timber layers and comprising large finger joints (Type 2):
- made from cross laminated timber pieces having the same cross-section and layup;
- made from cross laminated timber pieces having nominal cross-sectional thicknesses from 51 mm (including) up to 345 mm (including) and nominal minimum thicknesses of the outer layers not less than 17 mm (including);
- made from cross laminated timber pieces solely comprising timber layers;
- made from plane cross laminated timber pieces;
- with parallel x-axes of the jointed components;
- with large finger joints having a finger length of at least 45 mm and fingers which are visible at the two narrow sides of the components;
- having large finger joints bonded with phenolic or aminoplastic or moisture curing one-component polyurethane adhesives of adhesive Type I according to the respective standard.
Additional provisions of this document apply for straight cross laminated timber comprising timber and wood-based panel layers but no large finger joints (Type 3):
- made of structural wood-based panels specified in this document;
- made of one panel per layer and;
- having thicknesses between 6 mm (including) and 45 mm (including).
This document applies to cross laminated timber untreated or treated against biological attack.
This document does not cover:
- cross laminated timber treated with fire retardants;
- cross laminated timber which is produced from re-used timber or wood-based panels comprising re-used timber.
It also lays down procedures for assessment and verification of constancy of performance (AVPC) of cross laminated timber.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods determine the tensile properties of wood structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of the panel.
3.2 Test Method A—This test method is suited to material that is uniform with respect to tensile properties. It is normally applied to wood structural panels and plywood of clear, straight-grained veneers. It may also be used to evaluate the strength of scarf and finger joints and other manufacturing process variables that can be expected to influence the tensile properties of wood structural panels in a uniform manner across the width of the sheet.
3.3 Test Method B—This test method employs large test specimens and responds well to all manufacturing variables and growth characteristics that affect the tensile properties of wood structural panels.
3.4 It is recommended that where comparisons are to be made that the same test method and specimen size be used throughout. This is because the volume of material included in a test specimen can influence the tensile strength regardless of whether the material properties are uniform throughout the sheet or vary widely due to the presence of growth or manufacturing features.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the tensile properties of wood structural panels.
1.2 Wood structural panels in use include plywood, oriented strand board and composites of veneer, and other wood-based layers.
1.3 Test Method A, Tensile Test for Small Specimens:
1.3.1 This test method employs small specimens that should have a reduced cross section at the center of their length to avoid failure in the grip area. The transition from full width of specimen to reduced section at the center should be gradual to minimize stress concentration.
1.3.2 When the measurements of elastic properties are to be made, the length of the reduced cross section at the center should be of sufficient length to accommodate an extensometer.
1.4 Test Method B, Tensile Test for Large Specimens:
1.4.1 This test method employs large specimens and responds well to manufacturing variables, panel grade characteristics, and other variables influencing the tensile properties of structural panels.
1.4.2 The test specimens are large enough to contain the maximum sized grade characteristics found in panels. The test specimens have a constant cross section since the size and location of grade characteristics control the location of failures and the effect of stress concentration at the grips is overshadowed.
1.4.3 This test method is recommended for the following:
1.4.3.1 Comparative tests of wood structural panels,
1.4.3.2 Determining the influence of any specific strength reducing variables on the tensile properties of wood structural panels,
1.4.3.3 Determination of tensile properties of panels for use in developing structural recommendations.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document establishes general rules for the classification of plywood by its surface appearance. It concerns plywood made of hardwood including tropical and temperate hardwood, softwood and plywood derived from other lignocellulosic materials. It does not apply to overlaid plywood.
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This document specifies the nature and limits of characteristics inherent in wood and manufacturing defects enabling the visual assessment of the plywood for allocation to an appearance class. This document applies to plywood, the surface veneers of which are made from hardwood species[1] including tropical and temperate hardwood. It does not apply to overlaid panels. [1] Conventionally, broadleaved species.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The strength and modulus of rigidity of wood structural panels in shear through-the-thickness obtained by these test methods are required for the rigorous design of many lumber-panel structural components such as trusses with panel gussets, box beams, folded plate roofs, and space plane structures, as well as floor and roof diaphragms, and shear walls. These properties are of secondary importance in typical roof deck and sheathing applications, and in crates and shipping containers.
3.2 Veneer produced by slicing or rotary peeling may contain fine checks or separations parallel to the grain on the knife side of the veneer that are produced as the knife is forced through the wood. These checks are termed “knife checks” to distinguish them from occasional checks that may be formed on the opposite side of the veneer by forces at the compression bar, and from checks caused by drying. Average depth of knife checks has been found to strongly influence shear properties in plywood panels and may be of significance in veneer incorporated in composite panels. Measurement of depth of knife checks is recommended in these test methods.
3.3 To control or define other variables influencing shear properties, these test methods require determination of moisture content and elapsed time to failure. The conditioning of test material in controlled atmosphere and determination of specific gravity are recommended.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods determine the shear through-the-thickness properties of wood structural panels associated with shear distortion of the major axis. Wood structural panels in use include plywood, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers. Three test methods are included which differ somewhat in their application:
Test Method
Section
A. Small Panel Shear Test
5
B. Large Panel Shear Test
6
C. Two-Rail Shear Test
7
The choice of test method will be determined in part by the purpose of the tests, characteristics of test material, and equipment availability. In general, Test Method B or C for large specimens is preferred when equipment, amount of test material, and experimental plan permit.
1.1.1 Test Method A: Small Panel Shear Test—This test method is suitable for testing small samples of uniform material including investigations of the effects of grain direction or orientation and of many raw materials and manufacturing process variables which influence shear properties uniformly throughout the specimen. The test method is unsuited for determining effects of grade and manufacturing features such as density variations, knots, and core gaps within the specimen.
1.1.2 Test Method B: Large Panel Shear Test—This test method is regarded as giving the most accurate modulus of rigidity and is therefore recommended for elastic tests of materials to be used in stress analysis studies of test structures. This test method also yields excellent shear strength values for clear material. However, in spite of the large size of the specimen, failures generally occur only in narrow zones at the perimeter of the test area. This characteristic, a result of the heavy perimeter framing, causes this test method to be generally unsuited for determining grade and manufacturing effects such as density variations, core gaps, and knots that are not uniformly distributed throughout the panel. Generally, only in cases where effects of these factors under conditions of heavy perimeter framing are desired, should the test method be applied.
1.1.3 Test Method C: Two-Rail Shear Test—This test method is applicable to a wide variety of materials and problems. The specimen fabrication and test procedures are somewhat simpler than in Test Methods A and B. The specimen is free to shear parallel to its 24-in. (610-mm) length dimension anywhere within the 8-in. (203-mm) width between rails. Thus, the test method is well suited for determining grade and...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The failure of wood-based materials with impact loads is sometimes an important criteria in design considerations. In addition, some effects on the mechanical properties of wood, such as decay, are best evaluated by measuring its toughness. This test method serves to evaluate the toughness of structural panel products while Methods D143 can be used to measure the toughness of solid clear wood specimens.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method for toughness of wood structural panels covers the determination of energy necessary to cause failure by impact loading of a beam specimen which is simply supported and loaded at midspan. Wood structural panels in use include plywood, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These methods determine the compressive strength of structural panels in response to stresses acting in the plane of the panel.
3.2 Method A—This method is applicable to structural panels of uniform properties within a panel. It is useful for evaluating plywood of clear, straight-grained veneers, and determining the effect of chemical or preservative treatments, construction, principal direction with respect to direction of stress, and other variables that are expected to uniformly influence the panel.
3.3 Method B:
3.3.1 The compressive properties obtained by this method are a reliable approximation of the strength of a full-size panel, and are intended for use in design.
3.3.2 The compressive properties are influenced by buckling; however, this effect can be eliminated in this test by restraining the edges of the specimens.
3.4 It is recommended that where comparisons are to be made, that the same method and specimen size be used throughout. This is because the volume of material included in a test specimen can influence the compressive strength regardless of whether the material properties are uniform throughout the sheet or vary widely due to the presence of growth or manufacturing features.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the compression properties of wood-based structural panels. Wood-based structural panels in use include plywood, waferboard, oriented strand board, and composites of veneer and of wood-based layers.
1.2 Method A, Compression Test for Small Specimens—This method is applicable to small specimens that are uniform with respect to elastic and strength properties. Two types of compression tests are employed: one to evaluate both elastic and compressive strength properties, and the second to evaluate maximum compressive strength only.
1.3 Method B, Compression Test for Large Specimens—This method employs large specimens and responds well to manufacturing variables and growth characteristics that influence compression properties of structural panels.
1.3.1 This method is intended for the following:
1.3.1.1 Comparative tests of structural panels,
1.3.1.2 Evaluating the effects of moisture content on strength properties of structural panels,
1.3.1.3 Determining the strength properties of structural panels, and
1.3.1.4 Evaluating the effects of raw material and manufacturing variables on compression properties of structural panels.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies the nature and limits of characteristics inherent in palm-plywood and manufacturing defects enabling the visual assessment of the plywood for allocation to an appearance class. This document applies to palm-plywood, the surface veneers of which are made from oil palm trunk.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural laminated wood products for general construction, for marine use, or for other uses where a high-strength, waterproof adhesive bond is required. The requirements of the adhesive are based on the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by the following test methods: resistance to shear by compression loading; resistance to delamination during accelerated exposure to wetting and drying; and resistance to deformation under static load. The wood shall be prepared by ambient curing and hot press curing.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers adhesives suitable for the bonding of wood, including treated wood, into structural wood products for general construction or other uses where a high-strength, durable adhesive bond is required.
1.2 This specification includes test methods that may be referenced by specific product standards for the evaluation and approval of structural wood adhesives. Methods are included to evaluate adhesives intended for use in exterior exposure.
Note 1: Consult the Commentary in Appendix X1 regarding the intent and limitations of each test method contained in this specification.
1.3 Description of Bondline Performance—It is recognized that structural wood adhesives are used in various applications and levels of severity in terms of moisture content, loading, cyclic and seasonal weather conditions, heat exposure and other use conditions. It is the intent of this standard to determine the suitability of an adhesive for use under various levels of severity and conditions with specific and appropriate test methods and requirements.
Note 2: This specification does not contain specific tests outlined for different chemical types of adhesives.
1.4 Strength and durability requirements of the adhesive are based on the performance of the adhesive in laminated wood as measured by:
1.4.1 Resistance to shear by compression loading after conditioning to the target moisture content indicated in 14.2.3 and meeting requirements in 14.4.
1.4.2 Resistance to delamination during exposure to three cycles of vacuum pressure wetting followed by drying at elevated temperature as indicated in 15.3 and meeting requirements in 15.4.
1.4.3 Resistance to creep under static load by subjecting test specimens to a specified shear stress and exposing one set of test specimens to an environment of elevated temperature and ambient humidity and another set to an environment of high humidity and meeting requirements set forth in 16.3.
1.4.4 For applications involving chemical treatment, the adhesive shall be evaluated using representative samples of treated wood.
Note 3: When using chemically treated wood, compatibility between the treatment, adhesive, and wood is to be considered and agreed upon between the chemical manufacture and the user.
Note 4: Additional durability testing may also be required as specified by individual product standards. Consult the Commentary in Appendix X1 for additional information and guidance as to the type of durability testing that may be appropriate to supplement this specification when characterizing the adhesive for suitability with specific wood products.
1.5 The evaluation of adhesives for use in ground contact and marine exposures are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.6 The evaluation of binder adhesives is beyond the scope of this specification.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.
1.8 The text of this specification references notes, footnotes and a commentary which provide explanatory material. These notes, footnotes and commentary (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated ...
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This European Standard specifies the requirements for plywood, as defined in EN 313 2, for both general purpose use (non-structural application) and structural application in dry, humid or exterior conditions. It also gives a classification system based on the bending properties.
NOTE 1 This European Standard is referenced in EN 13986 for construction applications.
This standard can be appropriately applied for all plywood, including overlaid and coated plywood, but it does not cover materials or processes used for overlaying or coating. Neither does it cover any materials or processes applied in relation to enhancement of biological durability.
NOTE 2 For additional guidance on biological durability and the potential need for preservative treatment, according to application and serviceability, reference can be made to CEN/TS 1099.
The values listed under Clause 4 relate only to product properties; they are not 'characteristic values' and are not to be used in design calculations.
NOTE 3 Characteristic values (i.e. for use in design calculation according to EN 1995–1–1) are given either in EN 12369–2 which is based on the classification system given in this standard or by the manufacturer based on testing according to EN 789, EN 1058 and ENV 1156.
Additional information on supplementary properties for certain applications is also given.
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This European Standard specifies the requirements for plywood, as defined in EN 313 2, for both general purpose use (non-structural application) and structural application in dry, humid or exterior conditions. It also gives a classification system based on the bending properties.
NOTE 1 This European Standard is referenced in EN 13986 for construction applications.
This standard can be appropriately applied for all plywood, including overlaid and coated plywood, but it does not cover materials or processes used for overlaying or coating. Neither does it cover any materials or processes applied in relation to enhancement of biological durability.
NOTE 2 For additional guidance on biological durability and the potential need for preservative treatment, according to application and serviceability, reference can be made to CEN/TS 1099.
The values listed under Clause 4 relate only to product properties; they are not 'characteristic values' and are not to be used in design calculations.
NOTE 3 Characteristic values (i.e. for use in design calculation according to EN 1995–1–1) are given either in EN 12369–2 which is based on the classification system given in this standard or by the manufacturer based on testing according to EN 789, EN 1058 and ENV 1156.
Additional information on supplementary properties for certain applications is also given.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 13608:2014 specifies the terms, classifications, requirements, test methods, marking, for decorative veneered plywood with natural wood veneer, coloured veneer, laminated veneer, multilaminar veneer, and other types of veneer as decorative surface and plywood as a core panel, where the surface veneer thickness is less than 0,55 mm.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 1954:2013 specifies dimensional tolerances of plywood panels (length, width, thickness) and tolerances for edge straightness and squareness.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard1 pageEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies, for plywood panels of any composition, symmetrical or not, a calculation method to derive some mechanical properties (strength and stiffness in bending, tension, compression, panel and planar shear) as well as density from the wood compounding the layers.
NOTE Usually, the lay-up of the panels is symmetrical but, very often, the surface appearance of the face and the surface appearance of the back face differ, hence a difference between the mechanical properties of the respective veneers. Therefore, in this case, the composition is not mechanically symmetrical and a symmetry independent calculation method is needed.
Provided that structural characteristic values are taken for the layers, the resulting values for the panels can be used as characteristic values as required by EN 1995-1-1.
Conversely, Annex A defines the procedures to derive the veneer properties, in bending, tension and compression, either from testing panels according to EN 789 and EN 1058 or from timber testing according to EN 408 or from imposed values defined in EN 338.
Annex B provides practical spreadsheets, which are applications of the equations in the main part of this standard.
Annex C provide an example for the calculation of bending strength, in accordance with Annex B.
- Standard47 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies, for plywood panels of any composition, symmetrical or not, a calculation method to derive some mechanical properties (strength and stiffness in bending, tension, compression, panel and planar shear) as well as density from the wood compounding the layers.
NOTE Usually, the lay-up of the panels is symmetrical but, very often, the surface appearance of the face and the surface appearance of the back face differ, hence a difference between the mechanical properties of the respective veneers. Therefore, in this case, the composition is not mechanically symmetrical and a symmetry independent calculation method is needed.
Provided that structural characteristic values are taken for the layers, the resulting values for the panels can be used as characteristic values as required by EN 1995-1-1.
Conversely, Annex A defines the procedures to derive the veneer properties, in bending, tension and compression, either from testing panels according to EN 789 and EN 1058 or from timber testing according to EN 408 or from imposed values defined in EN 338.
Annex B provides practical spreadsheets, which are applications of the equations in the main part of this standard.
Annex C provide an example for the calculation of bending strength, in accordance with Annex B.
- Standard47 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidance for the end user on the selection of plywood for application of various finishes for use in dry, humid, or exterior end-use conditions.
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidance on the selection of plywood for use in the different use classes as defined in EN 335 1.
The guidance given takes into account the natural durability classification for solid timber (see EN 350 2) together with other factors specific for plywood.
It does not consider durability against chemico-physical factors, such as weathering, nor does it consider the biological durability of the adhesive.
Guidance on precautionary measures for use is also given.
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 12466-2:2007 specifies requirements for determination of bonding quality class of plywood, blockboard, battenboard, and laminboard, bonded with thermosetting resins, according to their intended end uses.
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ISO 12466-1:2007 specifies methods for determining the bonding quality of plywood, blockboard, battenboard, and laminboard, bonded with thermosetting resin, by shear testing.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document gives guidance for the end user on the selection of plywood for application of various finishes for use in dry, humid, or exterior end-use conditions.
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidance on the selection of plywood for use in the different use classes as defined in EN 335 1.
The guidance given takes into account the natural durability classification for solid timber (see EN 350 2) together with other factors specific for plywood.
It does not consider durability against chemico-physical factors, such as weathering, nor does it consider the biological durability of the adhesive.
Guidance on precautionary measures for use is also given.
- Technical specification9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 2074:2007 establishes terminology relating specifically to plywood. ISO 2074:2007 includes descriptions for terms that might or might not be defined in other standards relating to wood and other wood-based materials. The descriptions of the terms are intended to provide clarification, and interpretation if necessary, of general terminology and definitions as they relate to the manufacturers or use of plywood.
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ISO 12465:2007 establishes requirements for the specification of plywood for general and structural use, in dry, tropical dry/humid and high-humidity/exterior conditions. It includes requirements for the quality of veneer, glue bond, lay-up (construction), dimensions and tolerances, conformance verification and marking. The values listed in ISO 12465:2007 relate to product properties, but they are not characteristic values to be used in design calculations. Additional information on supplementary properties for certain applications is also given.
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This document specifies methods for determining the bonding quality of veneer plywood, blockboard and laminboard by shear testing.
The relevant requirements are specified in EN 314 2.
This document is suitable for insulating core plywood as defined in Annex B.
Annex A is normative. Annex B is informative.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies methods for determining the bonding quality of veneer plywood, blockboard and laminboard by shear testing.
The relevant requirements are specified in EN 314 2.
This document is suitable for insulating core plywood as defined in Annex B.
Annex A is normative. Annex B is informative.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies dimensional tolerances of plywood panels (length, width, thickness) and tolerances for squareness and edge straightness. NOTE Some uses of plywood can require narrower tolerances: see specific standards for types or perfor-mance
standards.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of ISO 2426 specifies the nature and limits of characteristics inherent in wood and manufacturing defects enabling the visual assessment of the plywood for allocation to an appearance class. This part of ISO 2426 applies to plywood, the surface veneers of which are made from softwood species. It does not apply to overlaid panels.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard4 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies dimensional tolerances of plywood panels (length, width, thickness) and tolerances for squareness and edge straightness. NOTE Some uses of plywood can require narrower tolerances: see specific standards for types or perfor-mance
standards.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines the principal terms concerning plywood.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish, French and German languagee-Library read for1 day
THis European Standard specifies the methods for measuring and expressing: some natural characteristics of wood, and the defects that come from the manufacturing process which are used for the classification of the appearance of plywood surfaces according to EN 635-1, EN 635-2 and EN 635-3.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard gives a classification of plywood panels.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard defines the principal terms concerning plywood.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish, French and German languagee-Library read for1 day
THis European Standard specifies the methods for measuring and expressing: some natural characteristics of wood, and the defects that come from the manufacturing process which are used for the classification of the appearance of plywood surfaces according to EN 635-1, EN 635-2 and EN 635-3.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standards specifies requirements for bonding classes of veneer plywood according to their end uses. The appropriate test methods are specified in EN 314-1. The main addressed characteristics are: mechanical properties like shear strength and the assessment of wood failure.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard gives a classification of plywood panels.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the nature and limits of characteristics inherent in wood and manufacturing defects enabling the visual assessment of theplywood for allocation to an appearance class. This classification is a contribution to assessing the finishing suitability of plywood. This part of EN 635 applies to plywood, the surface veneers of which are made from softwood species. It does not apply to overlaid panels.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 635 establishes general rules for the classification of plywood by its surface appearance. It does not apply to overlaid plywood.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the nature and limits of characteristics inherent in wood and manufacturing defects enabling the visual assessment of theplywood for allocation to an appearance class. This classification is a contribution to assessing the finishing suitability of plywood. This part of EN 635 applies to plywood, the surface veneers of which are made from hardwood species. It does not apply to overlaid panels.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standards specifies requirements for bonding classes of veneer plywood according to their end uses. The appropriate test methods are specified in EN 314-1. The main addressed characteristics are: mechanical properties like shear strength and the assessment of wood failure.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day