79.060.99 - Other wood-based panels
ICS 79.060.99 Details
Other wood-based panels
Weitere Holzplatten
Autres panneaux a base de bois
Druge lesne plošče
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 79.060.99 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Other wood-based panels". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 82 standards classified under ICS 79.060.99 (Other wood-based panels). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies a test method for comparing the compression shear strength of adhesive bonds in wood and solid wood after exposure to a target temperature for a specified duration of time.
This document is applicable to adhesives used in load bearing timber structures.
This document is not applicable to Epoxy- and two component Polyurethane-adhesives.
This method is intended to obtain data for the performance of wood adhesives at very high temperatures. The result of this comparison can be used to classify the adhesive with regard to the behaviour of load-bearing timber structures in fire.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method for comparing the compression shear strength of adhesive bonds in wood and solid wood after exposure to a target temperature for a specified duration of time.
This document is applicable to adhesives used in load bearing timber structures.
This document is not applicable to Epoxy- and two component Polyurethane-adhesives.
This method is intended to obtain data for the performance of wood adhesives at very high temperatures. The result of this comparison can be used to classify the adhesive with regard to the behaviour of load-bearing timber structures in fire.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard1 pageEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides information on the characteristic values for use in designing structures incorporating wood-based panels. The characteristic values given are as defined in EN 1995-1-1.
This document includes the characteristic values of the mechanical properties and of the raw density for solid-wood panels complying with EN 13353:2022 technical classes SWP/1 S, SWP/2 S, SWP/3 S.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for solid wood panels as specified in EN 12775 with a maximum thickness of 80 mm for use in dry, humid and exterior conditions as specified in service classes 1, 2 and 3 of EN 1995-1-1.
Additional information on supplementary properties for certain applications is given in Annex A.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides information on the characteristic values for use in designing structures incorporating wood-based panels. The characteristic values given are as defined in EN 1995-1-1.
This document includes the characteristic values of the mechanical properties and of the raw density for solid-wood panels complying with EN 13353:2022 technical classes SWP/1 S, SWP/2 S, SWP/3 S.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements for solid wood panels as specified in EN 12775 with a maximum thickness of 80 mm for use in dry, humid and exterior conditions as specified in service classes 1, 2 and 3 of EN 1995-1-1.
Additional information on supplementary properties for certain applications is given in Annex A.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document establishes requirements for the specifications of blockboards and battenboards for general use, in dry, tropic dry/humid, and high-humid/exterior conditions. It includes requirements of materials, lay-up, physical and mechanical properties, bonding quality, formaldehyde release, conformity verification, and marking. The values listed in this document relate to product properties, but they are not characteristic values to be used in design calculations.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
10.1 Full-scale bending testing is an effective way to determine flexural properties of structural glued laminated timber (glulam) beams. However, testing of large glulam members is cost prohibitive. Mathematical models, when confirmed by full-scale test results, are useful tools to assign flexural properties for glulam. This practice provides guidelines for sampling and testing full-scale glulam beams to determine their flexural properties and to validate mathematical models intended for use in assigning flexural design values.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for full scale testing of structural glued laminated timber (glulam) to determine or verify characteristic values used to calculate flexural design properties. Guidelines are given for: (1) testing individual structural glued laminated timber lay-ups (with no modeling), (2) testing individual glulam combinations (with limited modeling), and (3) validating models used to predict characteristic values.
1.2 This practice is limited to procedures for establishing flexural properties (Modulus of Rupture, MOR, and Modulus of Elasticity, MOE). Some of the principles for sampling and analysis presented may be applicable to other properties. However, other properties may require additional testing considerations that are beyond the scope of this practice.
1.3 This practice is not intended to supersede the provisions of Practice D3737, but provides an alternative method for establishing characteristic values. Lay-up combinations developed in accordance with Practice D3737 are not required to be governed by this standard.
Note 1: The models described by Practice D3737 have been developed and modified based on more than 50 years of experience and many test programs. In some cases, however, it may be desirable to develop a new model based on other input properties or using lumber materials or grades not covered by that standard.
1.4 Details of production, inspection, and certification are beyond the scope of this document. However, for test results to be representative of production, quality control systems shall be in place to ensure consistent quality. Manufacturing shall conform to recognized manufacturing standards such as ANSI A190.1 or CSA O122.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This practice covers mechanics-based models for calculating characteristic values for the strength and stiffness of reinforced structural glued laminated timbers (glulam). The mechanics-based analyses shall account for the following: (1) stress-strain relationships for wood laminations and reinforcement; (2) strain compatibility; (3) equilibrium; (4) variability of mechanical properties; (5) volume effects; (6) finger-joint effects; (7) laminating effects; and (8) stress concentrations at the termination of reinforcement in beams with partial length reinforcement. This practice also provides for minimum physical test requirements to validate mechanics-based models. A minimum set of performance-based durability test requirements for reinforced glulams is also herein described. Additional durability test requirements shall be considered in accordance with the specific end-use environment.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for establishing the characteristic values for reinforced structural glued-laminated timber (glulam) beams using mechanics-based models and validated by full-scale beam tests. Glulam beams shall be manufactured in accordance with applicable provisions of ANSI A190.1.
1.2 This practice also describes a minimum set of performance-based durability test requirements for reinforced glulam beams, as specified in Annex A1. Additional durability test requirements shall be considered in accordance with the specific end-use environment. Appendix X1 provides an example of a mechanics-based methodology that satisfies the requirements set forth in this practice.
1.3 This practice is limited to procedures for establishing flexural properties (modulus of rupture, MOR, and modulus of elasticity, MOE) about the x-x axis of horizontally-laminated reinforced glulam beams.
1.4 The establishment of secondary properties, such as bending about the y-y axis, shear parallel to grain, tension parallel to grain, compression parallel to grain, and compression perpendicular to grain, for the reinforced glulam beams are beyond the scope of this practice.
Note 1: When the establishment of secondary properties is deemed necessary, testing according to other applicable methods, such as Test Methods D143 and D198 or analysis in accordance with Practice D3737, may be considered.
1.5 Reinforced glulam beams subjected to axial loads are outside the scope of this practice.
1.6 Proper safety, serviceability, and adjustment factors including duration of load, to be used in design are outside the scope of this practice.
1.7 Evaluation of unbonded, prestressed, and shear reinforcement is outside the scope of this practice.
1.8 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. The mechanics-based model shall be permitted to be developed using SI or inch-pound units.
1.9 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.10 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The properties evaluated by this test method are intended to provide comparative information on the effects of fire-retardant chemical formulations and environmental conditions on the flexural properties and IB strength of FRSC panels.
5.2 This practice uses a controlled elevated-temperature environment to produce temperature-induced losses in the mechanical properties of FRSC panels and untreated panels.
5.3 Prediction of performance in natural environments has not been directly correlated with the results of this test method.
5.4 The reproducibility of results in elevated-temperature exposure is highly dependent on the type of specimens tested and the evaluation criteria selected, as well as the control of the operating variables. In any testing program, sufficient replicates shall be included to establish the variability of the results. Variability is often observed when similar specimens are tested in different chambers even though the testing conditions are nominally similar and within the ranges specified in this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is designed as a laboratory screening test. It is intended to establish an understanding of the respective contributions of the many wood material, fire-retardant, resin and processing variables, and their interactions, upon the mechanical properties of fire-retarded mat-formed wood structural composite (FRSC) panels as they affect flexural and internal bond (IB) performance and as they are often affected later during exposure to high temperature and humidity. Once the critical material and processing variables have been identified through these small-specimen laboratory screening tests, additional testing and evaluation shall be required to determine the effect of the treatment on the panel structural properties and the effect of exposure to high temperature on the properties of commercially produced FRSC panels. In this test method, treated structural composite panels are exposed to a temperature of 77°C (170°F) and at least 50% relative humidity.
1.2 The purpose of the preliminary laboratory-based test method is to compare the flexural properties and IB strength of FRSC panels relative to untreated structural composite panels with otherwise identical manufacturing parameters. The results of tests conducted in accordance with this test method provide a reference point for estimating strength temperature relationships for preliminary purposes. They establish a starting point for subsequent full-scale testing of commercially produced FRSC panels.
1.3 This test method does not cover testing and evaluation requirements necessary for product certification and qualification or the establishment of design value adjustment factors for FRSC panels.
Note 1: One potentially confounding limitation of this preliminary screening test method is that it may be conducted with laboratory panels that may not necessarily represent commercial quality panels. A final qualification program should likely be conducted using commercial quality panels and the scope of the review should include evaluation of the effects of the treatment and elevated temperature exposure on all relevant mechanical properties of the commercially produced panel.
1.4 This test method is not intended for use with structural plywood.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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This European Standard sets the performance requirements of the following glued laminated products:
- Glued laminated timber (glulam);
- Glued solid timber;
- Glulam with large finger joints;
- Block glued glulam
for use in buildings and bridges.
It also lays down minimum production requirements, provisions for evaluation and attestation of conformity and marking of glued laminated products.
This European Standard is applicable for glued laminated timber made of coniferous species listed in this standard or poplar consisting of two or more laminations having a thickness from 6 mm up to 45 mm (inclusive).
It may be possible to produce glulam made from specific hardwood species based on some provisions of this European Standard. In this case, Annex ZA does not apply.
This European Standard is applicable for glued solid timber made of coniferous species listed in this standard or poplar consisting of two to five laminations having a thickness greater than 45 mm and less than or equal to 85 mm.
This European Standard is applicable for large finger joints in glued laminated timber with a finger length of at least 45 mm.
This European Standard is applicable for block glued glulam having solid rectangular cross sections.
This European Standard also gives the requirements for glued laminated products treated against biological attack. Glued laminated products treated with fire retardants are not covered.
- Standard103 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard sets the performance requirements of the following glued laminated products:
- Glued laminated timber (glulam);
- Glued solid timber;
- Glulam with large finger joints;
- Block glued glulam
for use in buildings and bridges.
It also lays down minimum production requirements, provisions for evaluation and attestation of conformity and marking of glued laminated products.
This European Standard is applicable for glued laminated timber made of coniferous species listed in this standard or poplar consisting of two or more laminations having a thickness from 6 mm up to 45 mm (inclusive).
It may be possible to produce glulam made from specific hardwood species based on some provisions of this European Standard. In this case, Annex ZA does not apply.
This European Standard is applicable for glued solid timber made of coniferous species listed in this standard or poplar consisting of two to five laminations having a thickness greater than 45 mm and less than or equal to 85 mm.
This European Standard is applicable for large finger joints in glued laminated timber with a finger length of at least 45 mm.
This European Standard is applicable for block glued glulam having solid rectangular cross sections.
This European Standard also gives the requirements for glued laminated products treated against biological attack. Glued laminated products treated with fire retardants are not covered.
- Standard103 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard1 pageEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies test methods for determining the following properties of structural timber and glued laminated timber: modulus of elasticity in bending; shear modulus; bending strength; modulus of elasticity in tension parallel to the grain; tension strength parallel to the grain; modulus of elasticity in compression parallel to the grain; compression strength parallel to the grain; modulus of elasticity in tension perpendicular to the grain; tension strength perpendicular to the grain; modulus of elasticity in compression perpendicular to the grain; compression strength perpendicular to the grain and shear strength.
In addition, the determination of dimensions, moisture content, and density of test pieces are specified.
The methods apply to rectangular and circular shapes (of substantially constant cross section) of solid unjointed timber or finger-jointed timber and glued laminated timber unless stated otherwise.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 10033-1:2011 specifies test methods for determining the bonding quality of Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) bonded with thermosetting resin.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This part of ISO 10033 specifies requirements for determining the bonding quality class of Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) bonded with thermosetting resins, according to their intended end uses.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies a test method for determining the bonding quality of single-layer and multi-layer solid wood panels by a shear test.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives definitions, a classification and specifies the requirements for Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) for general purposes or for use in construction in dry, humid or exterior conditions.
NOTE This standard will be called up in EN 13986 for construction applications.
Annex A "Evaluation of the bonding quality of laminated veneer lumber" is normative
Information on supplementary properties is given in Annex B.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a test method for determining the bonding quality of single-layer and multi-layer solid wood panels by a shear test.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 18776:2008 specifies the requirements for Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) for general purposes and structural applications, in dry, tropical-dry/humid or high humidity/exterior conditions. Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) is a general description for an assembly of veneers laminated with an adhesive, in which the grain direction of the outer veneers and most other veneers is in the longitudinal direction. ISO 18776:2008 specifies requirements for the quality of veneers, bond durability, tolerances on dimensions, and structural characterization.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines the characteristics of solid hardwood panelling and cladding elements with or without grooves and/or tongues, for interior or exterior use.
It does not cover characteristics of the possible coating system.
NOTE 1 Products sold in The European Economic Area will have to comply with prEN 14915.
NOTE 2 For softwood see EN 14519.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies general requirements and appearance classes for both single layer and multi-layer solid wood panels, the latter with a minimum thickness of the outer layers of 3,5 mm, manufactured from hardwood species.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard gives a classification for solid wood panels and defines important terms used with solid wood panels.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies general requirements and appearance classes for both single-layer and multi-layer solid wood panels, the latter with a minimum thickness of the outer layers of 3,5 mm, manufactured from softwood species (e.g. spruce, pine, larch).
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard gives a classification for solid wood panels and defines important terms used with solid wood panels.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies general requirements and appearance classes for both single layer and multi-layer solid wood panels, the latter with a minimum thickness of the outer layers of 3,5 mm, manufactured from hardwood species.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies general requirements and appearance classes for both single-layer and multi-layer solid wood panels, the latter with a minimum thickness of the outer layers of 3,5 mm, manufactured from softwood species (e.g. spruce, pine, larch).
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies characteristics of solid wood panelling and cladding with or without tongue and groove machined from hardwoods (wood of trees of the botanical group dicotyledons).
Products are intended for interior or exterior use.
This document covers treated, untreated and surface treated products, including those made of thermally and chemically modified wood, as well as finger jointed products.
This document does not cover processes for treatment, surface coating or modification.
NOTE Where further regulatory provisions (e.g. durability, reaction to fire, dangerous substances and generally CE-marking according to CPR) are required, EN 14915 applies.
- Draft21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies characteristics of solid wood panelling and cladding with or without tongue and groove machined from hardwoods (wood of trees of the botanical group dicotyledons).
Products are intended for interior or exterior use.
This document covers treated, untreated and surface treated products, including those made of thermally and chemically modified wood, as well as finger jointed products.
This document does not cover processes for treatment, surface coating or modification.
NOTE Where further regulatory provisions (e.g. durability, reaction to fire, dangerous substances and generally CE-marking according to CPR) are required, EN 14915 applies.
- Draft21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the requirements for glued laminated timber for use in load bearing structures. It also specifies the requirements for large finger joints in the glued laminated timber. This European Standard specifies the requirements for glued laminated timber produced from untreated timber or from timber treated against biological attack.
- Draft85 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for solid wood panels as defined in EN 12775 for use in dry, humid and exterior conditions as defined in service classes 1, 2 and 3 of EN 1995-1-1
- Draft4 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the requirements for glued laminated timber for use in load bearing structures. It also specifies the requirements for large finger joints in the glued laminated timber. This European Standard specifies the requirements for glued laminated timber produced from untreated timber or from timber treated against biological attack.
- Draft85 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard gives definitions, a classification and specifies the requirements for Laminated Veneer Lumber (LVL) for general purposes or for use in construction in dry, humid or exterior conditions.
- Draft4 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies test methods for determining the following properties of structural timber and glued laminated timber: modulus of elasticity in bending; shear modulus; bending strength, modulus of elasticity in tension and tension strength parallel to the grain; modulus of elasticity in compression and compression strength parallel to the grain; modulus of elasticity in tension and tension strength perpendicular to the grain; modulus of elasticity in compression and compression strength perpendicular to the grain; and shear strength.
- Draft5 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for solid wood panels as defined in EN 12775 for use in dry, humid and exterior conditions as defined in service classes 1, 2 and 3 of EN 1995-1-1
- Draft4 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for solid wood panels as defined in EN 12775 with a maximum thickness of 80 mm for use in dry, humid and exterior conditions as defined in service classes 1, 2 and 3 of EN 1995-1-1.
Additional information on supplementary properties for certain applications is also given.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard provides information on the characteristic values for use in designing structures incorporating wood-based panels. The characteristic values given are as defined in EN 1995-1-1.
This European Standard includes the characteristic values of the mechanical properties and of the raw density for solid-wood panels complying with EN 13353:2008 technical classes SWP/1 S, SWP/2 S, SWP/3 S.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard provides information on the characteristic values for use in designing structures incorporating wood-based panels. The characteristic values given are as defined in EN 1995-1-1.
This European Standard includes the characteristic values of the mechanical properties and of the raw density for solid-wood panels complying with EN 13353:2008 technical classes SWP/1 S, SWP/2 S, SWP/3 S.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements for solid wood panels as defined in EN 12775 with a maximum thickness of 80 mm for use in dry, humid and exterior conditions as defined in service classes 1, 2 and 3 of EN 1995-1-1.
Additional information on supplementary properties for certain applications is also given.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 13609:2014 establishes requirements for the specifications of blockboards and battenboards for general use, in dry, tropic dry/humid, and high-humid/exterior conditions. It includes requirements of materials, lay-up, physical and mechanical properties, bonding quality, formaldehyde release, conformity verification, and marking. The values listed in ISO 13609:2014 relate to product properties, but they are not characteristic values to be used in design calculations.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This standard specifies requirements for the components of glued laminated timber structures members and minimum requirements for the production of such members for structural use.
This standard is applicable to products with a finished lamination thickness of not more than 45 mm.
Although most glued laminated timber is made from coniferous species this standard also applies to broad leaved species if information is available to enable them to be satisfactorily bonded.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies tolerances on sizes of glued laminated timber for structural use and the reference moisture content at which sizes are established. It also gives a method for the calculation of corrected sizes for glued laminated timber with a moisture content deviation from that of the reference moisture content. It is applicable to glued laminated timber with rectangular cross sections having sizes in the range of: width: 50 mm to 300 mm,depth: 100 mm to 2500 mm.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard describes a method for measuring the shear strength of the glue line parallel to the direction of grain. The standard is applicable in the fieldof continuous quality control of the glue line.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the requirements for glued laminated timber for use in load bearing structures.
It also specifies the requirements for large finger joints in the glued laminated timber.
This European Standard specifies the requirements for glued laminated timber produced from untreated timber or from timber treated against biological attack.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies requirements for large finger joints and minimum requirements for the production of these in structural members of glued laminated timber also with corner pieces of laminated veneer lumber or plywood with a finger length of at least 45 mm. The glued laminated timber and the laminated veneer lumber shall be made from conifers and poplar. Such finger joints may be employed for joints in straight beams or for frame corners, see Figure 1.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies three delamination methods for continuous quality control of the glue line integrity of glued laminated timber.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies a system of strength classes for horizontally laminated structural glued laminated timber with four or more laminations. A number of strength classes are defined and characteristic strength and stiffness properties and densities are given. This standard is currently limited to softwood glued laminated timber.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the requirements for glued laminated timber for use in load bearing structures.
It also specifies the requirements for large finger joints in the glued laminated timber.
This European Standard specifies the requirements for glued laminated timber produced from untreated timber or from timber treated against biological attack.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This standard specifies requirements for large finger joints and minimum requirements for the production of these in structural members of glued laminated timber also with corner pieces of laminated veneer lumber or plywood with a finger length of at least 45 mm. The glued laminated timber and the laminated veneer lumber shall be made from conifers and poplar. Such finger joints may be employed for joints in straight beams or for frame corners, see Figure 1.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day