83.100 - Cellular materials
ICS 83.100 Details
Cellular materials
Schaumstoffe
Matériaux alvéolaires
Penjeni polimeri
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This document classifies flexible cellular rubber products known as sponge and expanded rubber. The base material used in their manufacture may be natural rubber, reclaimed rubber, synthetic rubber or rubber-like material, either alone or in combination. Thermoplastic rubbers are not included. This document does not apply to latex foam rubbers or shoe soling. This document covers vulcanized cellular rubber products that are manufactured by a moulding or continuous vulcanization process, i.e. hot air, microwave, infra-red, liquid curing medium (LCM), shearing-head vulcanization or a combination of two or more of these methods. Sheeting materials are covered by ISO 6916-1. In the case of conflict between the provisions of this document and those of the detailed specification or test method for a particular product, the latter takes precedence. Reference to the methods specifically states the desired test or tests.
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This document specifies two methods for determining the air flow value of flexible cellular polymeric materials:
— method A, for conventional types of flexible cellular polymeric material;
— method B, for all types of flexible cellular polymeric material, but especially for materials with a low permeability to air.
For method B, two methods are specified in this document:
— method B1: with manual measurement;
— method B2: with automatic measurement.
NOTE 1 Air flow values can be used to give an indication of the effects of formulation and production variables on the cellular structure.
NOTE 2 In this document, the expression “conventional type of flexible cellular polymeric material” means types which are unsuitable for sealing purposes.
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This document specifies two methods for determining the air flow value of flexible cellular polymeric materials:
— method A, for conventional types of flexible cellular polymeric material;
— method B, for all types of flexible cellular polymeric material, but especially for materials with a low permeability to air.
For method B, two methods are specified in this document:
— method B1: with manual measurement;
— method B2: with automatic measurement.
NOTE 1 Air flow values can be used to give an indication of the effects of formulation and production variables on the cellular structure.
NOTE 2 In this document, the expression “conventional type of flexible cellular polymeric material” means types which are unsuitable for sealing purposes.
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This document specifies two methods for determining the air flow value of flexible cellular polymeric materials: — method A, for conventional types of flexible cellular polymeric material; — method B, for all types of flexible cellular polymeric material, but especially for materials with a low permeability to air. For method B, two methods are specified in this document: — method B1: with manual measurement; — method B2: with automatic measurement. NOTE 1 Air flow values can be used to give an indication of the effects of formulation and production variables on the cellular structure. NOTE 2 In this document, the expression “conventional type of flexible cellular polymeric material” means types which are unsuitable for sealing purposes.
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This document specifies a method of determining the water vapour transmission rate, water vapour permeance, water vapour permeability and water vapour diffusion resistance index for rigid cellular plastics. This method is applicable for the testing of rigid cellular materials that have thicknesses from 10 mm upwards and can, as an integral part of the material, contain natural skins or adhered facings of some different material. Three different sets of temperature and humidity conditions are provided, as follows: a) 38 °C and a relative-humidity gradient across the test specimen of 0 % to 88 % b) 23 °C and a relative-humidity gradient across the test specimen of 0 % to 85 % c) 23 °C and a relative-humidity gradient across the test specimen of 0 % to of 50 % The results obtained by this method are suitable for design purposes and production control, and for inclusion in product specifications. The method is suitable for materials which have water vapour transmission rates in the range 3 µg/(m2⋅s) to 1 400 µg/(m2⋅s).
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This document specifies a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the relative burning characteristics of horizontally oriented, small cellular plastic specimens having a density less than 250 kg⋅m−3 determined in accordance with ISO 845, when exposed to a small-flame ignition source.
NOTE Another International Standard which covers flexible cellular plastic and cellular rubber is ISO 3582[2].
This method of test is intended for quality assurance and limited product evaluation of cellular plastic materials under controlled laboratory conditions, and is not intended to assess the fire behaviour of, for example, building materials or furnishings under actual fire conditions.
The optional classification system described in Annex A is intended for the pre-selection of cellular plastic materials for products, including the determination of the ranges of material parameters that give the same classification (see 6.1).
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This document specifies methods for determining the compressive strength and corresponding relative deformation, the compressive stress at 10 % relative deformation, and the compressive modulus of rigid cellular plastics.
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This document specifies a method of determining the antibacterial effectiveness of open-cell flexible cellular polymeric antibacterial treated materials, including their intermediate and final products. This document is suitable for flexible cellular polymeric materials because the test procedure enables the test inoculum to efficiently contact with the surface of open cell in the flexible cellular polymeric materials.
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This document specifies methods for determining the compressive strength and corresponding relative
deformation, the compressive stress at 10 % relative deformation, and the compressive modulus of
rigid cellular plastics.
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This document specifies methods for determining the compressive strength and corresponding relative deformation, the compressive stress at 10 % relative deformation, and the compressive modulus of rigid cellular plastics.
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This document specifies a small-scale laboratory screening procedure for comparing the relative burning characteristics of horizontally oriented, small cellular plastic specimens having a density less than 250 kg⋅m−3 determined in accordance with ISO 845, when exposed to a small-flame ignition source. NOTE Another International Standard which covers flexible cellular plastic and cellular rubber is ISO 3582[2]. This method of test is intended for quality assurance and limited product evaluation of cellular plastic materials under controlled laboratory conditions, and is not intended to assess the fire behaviour of, for example, building materials or furnishings under actual fire conditions. The optional classification system described in Annex A is intended for the pre-selection of cellular plastic materials for products, including the determination of the ranges of material parameters that give the same classification (see 6.1).
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ISO 4898:2018 specifies requirements and methods of testing for three categories of rigid cellular plastics thermal-insulation products for buildings. It covers rigid cellular plastics in the form of flat or profiled boards, with or without natural skins. They can also be faced or laminated with foil, plastic or metal films or sheets, mineral coatings, paper, cardboard or other materials.
ISO 4898:2018 is not applicable to materials used for the thermal insulation of pipes and vessels, for impact sound absorption or for acoustical insulation.
ISO 4898:2018 covers the following cellular materials used in the thermal insulation of buildings:
- PF based on phenolic polymer;
- EPS based on expanded polystyrene;
- XPS based on extruded polystyrene;
- PUR based on polyurethane.
The limiting quality values in this document are for use only in the specification of materials between purchaser and supplier, and are not intended to be used for design purposes.
Additional requirements for special applications can be added to those specified in this document by agreement between purchaser and supplier.
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This document specifies a procedure of determining the shear strength of rigid cellular plastics. It also provides for the determination of shear modulus and shear strain.
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This document specifies, for flexible and rigid cellular polymeric materials, laboratory procedures which are intended to imitate the effects of naturally occurring reactions such as oxidation or hydrolysis by humidity. The physical properties of interest are measured before and after the application of the specified treatments.
Test conditions are only given for open cellular latex, both open- and closed-cell polyurethane foams, and closed-cell polyolefin foams. Conditions for other materials will be added as required.
The effect of the ageing procedures on any of the physical properties of the material can be examined, but those normally tested are either the elongation and tensile properties, or the compression or indentation hardness properties.
These tests do not necessarily correlate either with service behaviour or with ageing by exposure to light.
If desired, the ageing conditions contained in this document can be applied to composite structures containing any of the above types of cellular material. This can be helpful in the investigation of possible interactions between cellular materials and other substrates. Composite constructions can be in the form of complete finished products or representative small specimens cut there-from.
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This standard specifies, for flexible and rigid cellular polymeric materials, laboratory procedures which are intended to imitate the effects of naturally occurring reactions such as oxidation or hydrolysis by humidity. The physical properties of interest are measured before and after the application of the specified treatments. Test conditions are only given for open cellular latex, both open- and closed-cell polyurethane foams, and closed-cell polyolefin foams. Conditions for other materials will be added as required. The effect of the ageing procedures on any of the physical properties of the material can be examined, but those normally tested are either the elongation and tensile properties, or the compression or indentation hardness properties. These tests do not necessarily correlate either with service behaviour or with ageing by exposure to light. If desired, the ageing conditions contained in this document can be applied to composite structures containing any of the above types of cellular material. This can be helpful in the investigation of possible interactions between cellular materials and other substrates. Composite constructions can be in the form of complete finished products or representative small specimens cut there-from.
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This document specifies, for flexible and rigid cellular polymeric materials, laboratory procedures which are intended to imitate the effects of naturally occurring reactions such as oxidation or hydrolysis by humidity. The physical properties of interest are measured before and after the application of the specified treatments. Test conditions are only given for open cellular latex, both open- and closed-cell polyurethane foams, and closed-cell polyolefin foams. Conditions for other materials will be added as required. The effect of the ageing procedures on any of the physical properties of the material can be examined, but those normally tested are either the elongation and tensile properties, or the compression or indentation hardness properties. These tests do not necessarily correlate either with service behaviour or with ageing by exposure to light. If desired, the ageing conditions contained in this document can be applied to composite structures containing any of the above types of cellular material. This can be helpful in the investigation of possible interactions between cellular materials and other substrates. Composite constructions can be in the form of complete finished products or representative small specimens cut there-from.
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This document specifies the minimum requirements for flexible polyurethane foams up to and including 20 mm thick intended for combination with suitable substrates such as non-woven, woven or knitted fabrics, to form a laminate. Three types of flexible polyurethane foam are specified as follows: — type 1: polyether; — type 2: polyester with minimum elongation at break of 200 %; — type 3: polyester with minimum elongation at break of 300 %.
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This document specifies two methods for the determination of the tear strength of flexible cellular polymeric materials:
— method A, using a trouser test piece;
— method B, using an angle test piece without a nick.
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This document specifies a method for determining the resilience by ball rebound of flexible cellular polymeric materials.
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This document specifies three methods for determining the compression set of flexible cellular materials.
This document applies to latex and polyurethane foams of thickness greater than 2 mm.
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This document specifies three methods for determining the compression set of flexible cellular
materials.
This document applies to latex and polyurethane foams of thickness greater than 2 mm.
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This document specifies a method for determining the resilience by ball rebound of flexible cellular
polymeric materials.
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This document specifies two methods for the determination of the tear strength of flexible cellular
polymeric materials:
— method A, using a trouser test piece;
— method B, using an angle test piece without a nick.
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This document specifies a procedure of determining the shear strength of rigid cellular plastics. It also provides for the determination of shear modulus and shear strain.
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This document specifies two methods for the determination of the tear strength of flexible cellular polymeric materials: — method A, using a trouser test piece; — method B, using an angle test piece without a nick.
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This document specifies a method for determining the resilience by ball rebound of flexible cellular polymeric materials.
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This document specifies three methods for determining the compression set of flexible cellular materials. This document applies to latex and polyurethane foams of thickness greater than 2 mm.
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ISO 21844:2018 specifies material requirements and identifies the test methods to be used to determine these requirements for cellulose foam for thermal insulation for buildings and other applications. There are four categories of material characterized by the density of the material.
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ISO 4898:2018 specifies requirements and methods of testing for three categories of rigid cellular plastics thermal-insulation products for buildings. It covers rigid cellular plastics in the form of flat or profiled boards, with or without natural skins. They can also be faced or laminated with foil, plastic or metal films or sheets, mineral coatings, paper, cardboard or other materials. ISO 4898:2018 is not applicable to materials used for the thermal insulation of pipes and vessels, for impact sound absorption or for acoustical insulation. ISO 4898:2018 covers the following cellular materials used in the thermal insulation of buildings: - PF based on phenolic polymer; - EPS based on expanded polystyrene; - XPS based on extruded polystyrene; - PUR based on polyurethane. The limiting quality values in this document are for use only in the specification of materials between purchaser and supplier, and are not intended to be used for design purposes. Additional requirements for special applications can be added to those specified in this document by agreement between purchaser and supplier.
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2014-02-25 GVN: Draft for // ENQ received at ISO/CS (see ISO notification in dataservice on 2014-02-25).
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This International Standard specifies a general procedure for the determination of the volume
percentage of open and of closed cells of rigid cellular plastics, by measurement first of the geometrical
volume and then of the air-impenetrable volume of test specimens.
The procedure includes the correction of the apparent open-cell volume by taking into account the
surface cells opened by cutting during specimen preparation. Three alternative methods (method 1,
method 2a and method 2b), and corresponding apparatus, are specified for the measurement of the
impenetrable volume.
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This part of ISO 8873 outlines requirements for the application of rigid cellular plastic spray polyurethane foam
for thermal insulation. The primary application of the material is for use as thermal insulation. Spray
polyurethane foam can also be used as the air barrier material which forms part of an air barrier assembly in
buildings. Under specific application conditions, the material can be used in vapour barrier applications in a
building assembly (details of the conditions can be obtained from the manufacturer). The application
requirements are for the installation of spray polyurethane foam whether applied on a building site or in a
prefabrication (manufacturing) facility.
This part of ISO 8873 can be used for non-building applications when agreed to by the supplier and the
purchaser.
The requirements include obligations for the manufacturer, the contractor and the installer. The requirements
include the selection of chemical components, application requirements, quality control and documentation of
the application, limitations for the application and requirements for safety and for disposal of associated waste
material and packaging.
Installation of spray polyurethane foam for thermal insulation, according to this part of ISO 8873 requires the
use of materials and/or equipment that could be hazardous (see Warning).
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This International Standard specifies a method of determining the behaviour of rigid cellular plastics materials
when they are subjected to a tensile stress.
It applies primarily to cellular materials having a compression resistance sufficient to permit suitable gripping
of the test specimens. If it is impossible to grip the test specimen, the method is modified so that the ends of
the specimen are reinforced with metal plates (see Clause 8).
The relationship between cell size and test specimen size must be such that the test is realistic.
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This part of ISO 8873 specifies the test procedures that are to be used when testing spray-applied
polyurethane foam materials to verify that they meet the requirements given in ISO 8873-1.
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This part of ISO 8873 specifies minimum requirements and test methods for spray-applied polyurethane rigid
cellular plastic, used as a thermal insulation for both building, whether applied on a building site or in a
prefabrication (manufacturing) facility, and non-building applications. The material is also known as in-situ
thermal insulation.
The spray-applied polyurethane rigid cellular plastic thermal insulation is not to be used when the continuous
service temperature of the substrate is outside the range of to .
The test methods used to determine the material properties provide a means of comparing different cellular
plastic thermal insulations. They are intended for use in specifications, product evaluations and quality control.
They are not intended to predict end-use product performance.
Spray-applied polyurethane rigid cellular plastics are to be applied (installed) in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions and the requirements of ISO 8873-2. Applications, requirements for applications
and limitations of use are included in ISO 8873-2.
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ISO 3385:2014 specifies a method for the determination of loss in thickness and loss in hardness of flexible cellular materials intended for use in load-bearing applications such as upholstery. It provides a means of assessing the service performance of flexible cellular materials based on rubber latex or polyurethane used in load-bearing upholstery.
The method is applicable both to standard size test pieces cut from slabstock material and to shaped components. The measured loss in thickness and loss in hardness are related to, but are not necessarily the same as, the losses likely to occur in service.
ISO 3385:2014 is not intended to function as a detailed engineering design specification for fatigue apparatus.
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EN ISO 3385 specifies a method for the determination of loss in thickness and loss in hardness of flexible cellular materials intended for use in load-bearing applications such as upholstery. It provides a means of assessing the service performance of flexible cellular materials based on rubber latex or polyurethane used in load-bearing upholstery. The method is applicable both to standard size test pieces cut from slabstock material and to shaped components. The measured loss in thickness and loss in hardness are related to, but are not necessarily the same as, the losses likely to occur in service. This international Standard is not intended to function as a detailed engineering design specification for fatigue apparatus.
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ISO 3385:2014 specifies a method for the determination of loss in thickness and loss in hardness of flexible cellular materials intended for use in load-bearing applications such as upholstery. It provides a means of assessing the service performance of flexible cellular materials based on rubber latex or polyurethane used in load-bearing upholstery. The method is applicable both to standard size test pieces cut from slabstock material and to shaped components. The measured loss in thickness and loss in hardness are related to, but are not necessarily the same as, the losses likely to occur in service. ISO 3385:2014 is not intended to function as a detailed engineering design specification for fatigue apparatus.
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ISO 5999:2013 specifies requirements for flexible load-bearing polyurethane foam of the polyether type.
ISO 5999:2013 is applicable to flexible polyurethane cellular materials manufactured in block, sheet and strip form, in moulded and fabricated shapes, and as reconstituted material, used for load-bearing applications in general, but excluding carpet backing and underlay. It, thus, primarily relates to the quality of polyurethane foam used for comfort cushioning purposes.
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This International Standard specifies requirements for flexible load-bearing polyurethane foam of the polyether type. It is applicable to flexible polyurethane cellular materials manufactured in block, sheet and strip form, in moulded and fabricated shapes, and as reconstituted material, used for load-bearing applications in general, but excluding carpet backing and underlay. It, thus, primarily relates to the quality of polyurethane foam used for comfort cushioning purposes. The foam is classified according to the type of foam, the performance during a fatigue test, and the indentation hardness index used as a means of grading materials. This International Standard is not applicable to polyurethane foams foamed in place or to foams for use in heat-welded systems unless for load-bearing purposes. Recommended applications for the range of flexible polyurethane foams covered by this International Standard are listed in Annex A.
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ISO 5999:2013 specifies requirements for flexible load-bearing polyurethane foam of the polyether type. ISO 5999:2013 is applicable to flexible polyurethane cellular materials manufactured in block, sheet and strip form, in moulded and fabricated shapes, and as reconstituted material, used for load-bearing applications in general, but excluding carpet backing and underlay. It, thus, primarily relates to the quality of polyurethane foam used for comfort cushioning purposes.
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ISO 7214:2012 specifies methods for testing flexible and semi-rigid cellular plastics made from polyethylene. Cellular plastics containing copolymers of ethylene or blends of polymers with polyethylene may also be tested by the procedures of this International Standard provided these materials have characteristics similar to polyethylene as described in ISO 1872-1, or copolymers of ethylene as described in ISO 4613-1.
Mandatory tests suitable for characterization of cellular polyethylene, regardless of end use, and optional tests for the determination of properties that are relevant to certain uses are described.
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This International Standard specifies methods for testing flexible and semi-rigid cellular plastics made from polyethylene. Cellular plastics containing copolymers of ethylene or blends of polymers with polyethylene may also be tested by the procedures of this International Standard provided these materials have characteristics similar to polyethylene as described in ISO 1872-1, or copolymers of ethylene as described in ISO 4613-1. Mandatory tests suitable for characterization of cellular polyethylene, regardless of end use, are described in Clause 7. Optional tests for the determination of properties that are relevant to certain uses are described in Clause 8.
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ISO 7214:2012 specifies methods for testing flexible and semi-rigid cellular plastics made from polyethylene. Cellular plastics containing copolymers of ethylene or blends of polymers with polyethylene may also be tested by the procedures of this International Standard provided these materials have characteristics similar to polyethylene as described in ISO 1872-1, or copolymers of ethylene as described in ISO 4613-1. Mandatory tests suitable for characterization of cellular polyethylene, regardless of end use, and optional tests for the determination of properties that are relevant to certain uses are described.
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Covers the determination of material with a density up to 250 kg/m3. It also indicates a method for the calculation of the compression stress value of such materials. The compression stress/strain characteristic is a measure of the load-bearing properties of the material. Two formulas allow to calculate the results.
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This part of IS0 3386 specifies a method for the determination of the compression stress-strain characteristics of flexible cellular polymeric materials of density greater than 250 kg/m3. The compression stress-strain characteristic is a measure of the load-bearing properties of the material, though not necessarily of its capacity to sustain a long-term load. The compression stress-strain characteristic differs from the indentation hardness characteristics (as determined in accordance with IS0 2439) which are known to be influenced by the thickness and the tensile properties of the flexible cellular material under test, the shape of the compression piate, and the shape and size of the test piece. IS0 3386-l specifies a method for low-density flexible materials, and differs from Part 2 in the following ways:
Part 1 is concerned with materials of density up to 250 kg/m’, whilst Part 2 is mainly concerned with materials of density above 250 kg/m3; compression stress values have been deleted from Part 2; Part 2 does not allow the use of a cylindrical test piece. This part of IS0 3386 is a general method for testing denser flexible cellular materials (i.e. expanded cellular rubbers), measurements being made on one of more points on the steeply rising part of the stress-strain curve. The shape factor of the test piece is important and comparative test results can only be obtained on test pieces having the same shape factor. NOTE 1 For comparison purposes, the method may be used for material of 150 kg/m3 density or greater.
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Covers the determination of material with a density up to 250 kg/m3. It also indicates a method for the calculation of the compression stress value of such materials. The compression stress/strain characteristic is a measure of the load-bearing properties of the material. Two formulas allow to calculate the results. Part 2 refers to high density materials. Constitutes a minor revision of the first edition (ISO 3386/1-1979).
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d version delivered by DIN on 2008-03-10 for 40.20
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D version delivered by DIN on 2008-03-10 for 40.20
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