91.100.60 - Thermal and sound insulating materials
ICS 91.100.60 Details
Thermal and sound insulating materials
Isolierstoffe. Dammstoffe
Matériaux d'isolation thermique et acoustique
Materiali za toplotno in zvočno izolacijo
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 91.100.60 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Thermal and sound insulating materials". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 1408 standards classified under ICS 91.100.60 (Thermal and sound insulating materials). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies the general “design for recycling” guidelines for EPS raw materials. It provides guidance on the impact of specific design characteristics on the recyclability of the product in practice and recommended design options to ensure that the product is recyclable, including target values and performance ranges, where applicable. It also provides a definition of recyclable product and of design for recycling.
This document refers to EPS thermal insulation products but may be used for other EPS construction products where appropriate.
This document refers to the recycling processes of EPS insulation products. The sorting and collecting steps are not part of this document.
This document takes into account all currently known recycling processes that are suitable to enable the circular economy for insulation materials. Particular attention is paid to ensuring that the most energy-efficient processes are given preference, especially mechanical recycling.
For some of these processes, practical experience has been gained over many years, so a basic knowledge base for the development of a guideline is already available.
At the same time, it is important to also take into account future-oriented processes, for which at the moment little but increasing experience is available or which have so far only been implemented on a small scale.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the general “design for recycling” guidelines for EPS raw materials. It provides guidance on the impact of specific design characteristics on the recyclability of the product in practice and recommended design options to ensure that the product is recyclable, including target values and performance ranges, where applicable. It also provides a definition of recyclable product and of design for recycling.
This document refers to EPS thermal insulation products but may be used for other EPS construction products where appropriate.
This document refers to the recycling processes of EPS insulation products. The sorting and collecting steps are not part of this document.
This document takes into account all currently known recycling processes that are suitable to enable the circular economy for insulation materials. Particular attention is paid to ensuring that the most energy-efficient processes are given preference, especially mechanical recycling.
For some of these processes, practical experience has been gained over many years, so a basic knowledge base for the development of a guideline is already available.
At the same time, it is important to also take into account future-oriented processes, for which at the moment little but increasing experience is available or which have so far only been implemented on a small scale.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and methods of testing for three categories of rigid cellular plastics thermal-insulation products for buildings. It covers rigid cellular plastics in the form of flat or profiled boards, with or without natural skins. They can also be faced or laminated with foil, plastic or metal films or sheets, mineral coatings, paper, cardboard, or other materials. This document is not applicable to materials used for the thermal insulation of pipes and vessels, for impact sound absorption or for acoustical insulation. This document covers the following cellular materials used in the thermal insulation of buildings: - PF based on phenolic polymer; - EPS based on expanded polystyrene; - XPS based on extruded polystyrene; - PUR based on polyurethane. The limiting quality values in this document are for use only in the specification of materials between purchaser and supplier.
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This document specifies the requirements for factory-made rigid nano-microporous insulation, which are used for the thermal insulation of industrial applications on surface at temperatures from 100 °C to 1 150 °C. This document specifies insulation that exhibits thermal insulating performance through nano-sized pore composite material comprising a blend of inorganic powder, fibres and opacifiers. The products are delivered as board or pipe section type. This document describes product characteristics and includes procedures for testing, evaluation of conformity, marking and labelling. This document does not specify the required level of a given property to be achieved by a product to demonstrate fitness for purpose in a particular application. The levels required for a given application are to be found in regulations or non-conflicting standards.
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- Amendment7 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the equipment and procedures for determining the mechanical properties at sub-ambient temperatures from −196 °C to 25 °C, subject to the possible temperature limitation of the test specimens. It is not applicable to products which experience dimensional changes during the test due to the loss of hydration water or which undergo other phase changes.
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This document specifies equipment and procedures for determining the tensile strength and elongation of rectangular and triaxial glass fibre meshes which are used for the reinforcement of the base coat in external thermal insulation composite kits with renders (ETIC kits).
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies equipment and procedures for determining the tensile strength and elongation of rectangular and triaxial glass fibre meshes which are used for the reinforcement of the base coat in external thermal insulation composite kits with renders (ETIC kits).
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies common evaluation rules useful for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance of a thermal insulation product with harmonised technical specifications, product standards and any other assessment documents. Harmonised technical specifications, product standards and other assessment documents are called European product specifications in this document.
This document applies to factory made products for buildings, factory made products for building equipment and industrial installations, in situ products for buildings, in situ products for building equipment and industrial installations, to products for civil engineering applications, and to external thermal insulation composite kits.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies common evaluation rules useful for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance of a thermal insulation product with harmonised technical specifications, product standards and any other assessment documents. Harmonised technical specifications, product standards and other assessment documents are called European product specifications in this document.
This document applies to factory made products for buildings, factory made products for building equipment and industrial installations, in situ products for buildings, in situ products for building equipment and industrial installations, to products for civil engineering applications, and to external thermal insulation composite kits.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the equipment and procedures for determining the coefficient of linear thermal expansion at sub-ambient temperatures (−196 °C to 25 °C), subject to the possible temperature limitation of the test specimens. It is not applicable to products which experience dimensional changes during the test due to the loss of hydration water or which undergo other phase changes.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the equipment and procedures for determining the coefficient of linear thermal expansion at sub-ambient temperatures (−196 °C to 25 °C), subject to the possible temperature limitation of the test specimens. It is not applicable to products which experience dimensional changes during the test due to the loss of hydration water or which undergo other phase changes.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SCOPE
1.1 This standard provides definitions, symbols, units, and abbreviations of terms used in ASTM standards pertaining to thermal insulating materials, and to materials associated with them.
1.2 This terminology is not intended to be used to classify insulation materials as having particular properties. Rather, classification of insulation materials is to be done by the material standards themselves.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The conditioning prescribed in this recommended practice is designed to obtain reproducible test results on thermal insulating materials. Results of tests obtained on these materials under uncontrolled atmospheric conditions are not comparable with each other. Some of the physical properties of thermal insulating materials are influenced by relative humidity and temperature in a manner that affects the results of tests. In this regard, such information is provided in pertinent material specifications and test methods by stating the physical properties relative to the specific ambient or test conditions.
Note 1: In some cases (for example, dimensionally unstable materials), the dry mass cannot easily be established and original mass has to be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the conditioning of thermal insulating materials for tests. Since prior exposure of insulating materials to high or low humidity will affect the equilibrium moisture content, a procedure is also given for preconditioning the materials.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the composition and physical requirements of chemically treated, recycled cellulosic fiber loose-fill type thermal insulation for installation in attics or enclosed spaces in housing and other buildings by pneumatic or pouring method. While the products are used in various constructions, they are adaptable primarily, but not exclusively, to wood joists, rafters, and stud constructions. The basic material shall be made from selected paper, paperboard stock, or ground wood stock, excluding contaminated materials, which may reasonably be expected to be retained in the finished product. Suitable chemicals are introduced to provide properties such as flame resistance, processing, and handling characteristics. Products shall be prepared suitably to undergo test methods, for which they should comply with the following physical and chemical property requirements: corrosiveness; critical radiant flux; fungi resistance; moisture vapor sorption; odor emission; smoldering combustion; and thermal resistance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical requirements of chemically treated, recycled cellulosic fiber loose-fill type thermal insulation for use in attics or enclosed spaces in housing, and other framed buildings within the ambient temperature range from −45 to 90°C by pneumatic or pouring application. While products that comply with this specification are used in various constructions, they are adaptable primarily, but not exclusively, to wood joist, rafters, and stud construction.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The sampling and inspection prescribed in this practice afford the purchaser a practical level of quality assurance on incoming material. They are based on cost/risk relationships considered typical for preformed thermal insulations offered for general use. In all cases, the purchaser should review this practice and determine its suitability in terms of his specific needs.
4.2 This procedure is intended primarily for the inspection of a continuing stream of lots, and there is not a high probability of rejecting occasional off lots. Consumer protection is based on economic pressure on the producer, through greater risk of lot rejection, to maintain the process average at 90 % conformance or better. Operating characteristic curves for the sampling plans employed can be found in Practice E2234, Table X-C through Table X-F.
4.3 It is not the intent of this procedure to estimate lot quality, control the quality of production, relieve the supplier of responsibility for the quality of material offered, or determine the disposition of material found to be defective after receipt by the purchaser.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers criteria for establishing the acceptability of lots of shipments of preformed board, preformed block and pipe, and batts and blanket thermal insulation based on sampling and inspection.
1.2 This practice is intended for use in conjunction with appropriate ASTM material specifications that classify and describe the specific physical requirements for the product in terms of qualification requirements and inspection requirements. Determination of nonconformity shall be based on the tolerances for individual sample test values prescribed in the material specification.
1.3 This practice may require inspection substantially different from that performed in the normal course of production. If the purchaser requires sampling and acceptance inspection in accordance with this practice, he shall so specify in the order or contract.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Coverage charts list the required installed and product in-service parameters of minimum thickness, maximum net coverage per package, and minimum mass per unit area to achieve each listed thermal performance (R-value) level. Chart information corresponds to numerous standard R-value levels representing common building codes, industry standards, or legislated requirements (see example in the Appendix X1) and therefore additional chart columns may be required, that is, number of packages per 1 000 ft2 (100m2), and initial installed thickness.
5.2 This guide applies to coverage charts for installations in open, horizontal attic floor spaces. Chart maximum net coverages are based upon net floor area; framing area deducted. Sloped ceilings, HVAC equipment and ductwork, and other factors can significantly influence product coverage and are to be considered by the manufacturer.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information to manufacturers for the development of a loose-fill thermal insulation product coverage chart. This guide is limited to developing a coverage chart from density versus thickness, apparent thermal conductivity versus density, and thickness versus area mass relationships obtained through product testing.
1.2 This guide applies to a wide variety of loose-fill thermal insulation products including mineral fiber (Specification C764), or cellulosic fiber (Specification C739) materials; granular types including vermiculite (Specification C516) and perlite (Specification C549); pelletized products; and any other insulation materials that are installed pneumatically or poured in place.
1.3 Coverage charts for loose-fill insulation products are required by regulation under the United States Federal Trade Commission’s 16 CFR Part 460. Other countries or local governing agencies may have coverage chart requirements in addition to, or that differ from, those presented in this guide; see the Appendix for examples.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Guide3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the composition and physical properties of lightweight, flexible open-cell polyimide foam insulation intended for use as thermal and sound-absorbing insulation for a certain temperature range in commercial and industrial environments. The insulations are classified into the following types: Types I, II, III, IV, V, and VI. Polyimide foam shall be manufactured from the appropriate monomers, and necessary compounding ingredients. Different test methods shall be performed in order to determine the following properties of the insulation: density, apparent thermal conductivity, upper temperature limit, high temperature stability, compressive strength, compression deflection, compression set, steam aging, corrosiveness, chemical resistance, surface burning characteristics, radiant panel surface flammability, vertical burn, heat release rate, specific optical smoke density, hydrogen halides in smoke, toxic gas generation, and sound absorption coefficients.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical properties of lightweight, flexible open-cell polyimide foam insulation intended for use as thermal and sound-absorbing insulation for temperatures from –328°F up to +572°F (–200°C and +300°C) in commercial and industrial environments.
1.1.1 Annex A1 includes faced polyimide foam as specified by the U.S. Navy for marine applications.
1.1.2 This standard is designed as a material specification and not a design document. Physical property requirements vary by application and temperature. No single test is adequate for estimating either the minimum or maximum use temperature of polyimide foam under all possible conditions. Consult the manufacturer for specific recommendations and physical properties for specific applications.
1.1.3 The use of an appropriate vapor retarder is required in all applications where condensation could occur and cause a decrease in thermal performance or affect other system properties.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire-hazard or fire-risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
Note 1: The subject matter of this material specification is not covered by any other ASTM specification. There is no known ISO standard covering the subject of this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The failure to correct membrane defects during and as soon as possible after its installation can cause premature failure of the membrane. Problems include design deficiencies, faulty application of the membrane system, and damage by subsequent trades.4 Roof designs incorporating a waterproof membrane under overburden such as a vegetative roof, insulation layer, wear-course, or topping slab greatly exacerbate the problem of leak locating.
4.2 This guide describes methods for using electric conductance testing to locate breaches in waterproof membranes.5 The methods described include testing procedures designed to provide a part of the construction quality control of membrane installations.
4.3 The methods described in this guide may also be used for integrity or forensic testing of existing waterproof membranes; specific limitations apply.
4.4 The electric conductance methods described in this guide require a conductive substrate under the membrane to serve as a ground return path for the test currents. In roof assemblies where the membrane is installed over electric insulating material such as insulating foam or a protection board, or both, the electric path to any conductive deck is interrupted. The situation can be remedied by placing a conductive material directly under the membrane. The conductive material provides the return path for the test currents.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes standard procedures for using electrical conductance measurement methods to locate leaks in exposed or covered waterproof membranes.
1.2 This guide addresses the need for a general technical description of the current methods and procedures that are used to test and verify the integrity of waterproof membranes.
1.3 This guide is not intended to replace visual, infrared, or other methods of inspection. It is to be used in conjunction with other methods of roof inspection when specified.
1.4 This guide recommends that the leak location equipment, procedures, and survey parameters used are calibrated to meet established minimum leak detection sensitivity. The leak detection sensitivity calibration should be verified on a regular basis according to the manufacturer’s recommendations.
1.5 Leak location surveys can be used on waterproofing membranes installed in roofs, plaza decks, pools, water features, covered reservoirs, and other waterproofing applications.
1.6 The procedures are applicable for membranes made of materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, bituminous material, and other electrically insulating materials.
1.7 This guide provides a general description of the equipment and methods for locating membrane breaches using electric conductance. Refer to the manufacturer’s instructions for the proper operation and use of the equipment described in this guide.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Guide6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the requirements for factory-made expanded perlite products which are used for thermal insulation of industrial installations and building equipment with an operating temperature from 23 °C to ~ 1 000 °C. The products are manufactured in the form of boards, pipe sections, segments, prefabricated ware and special ware. This document describes product characteristics and includes procedures for testing, evaluation of conformity, marking and labelling. Products covered by this document are also used in prefabricated thermal insulation systems and composite panels; the structural performance of systems incorporating these products is not covered. This document does not specify the required level or class of a given property required to be achieved by a product in order to demonstrate fitness for purpose in a particular application. The levels required for a given application can be found in regulations and invitations to tender. This document is not applicable to: a) products with a declared thermal conductivity greater than 0 072 W/(m⋅K) at 70 °C; b) products intended to be used for the insulation of the building structure; c) the acoustical aspects 1) direct airborne sound insulation, and 2) impact noise transmission index.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document: - defines requirements for vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) with silica or glass fibre core, which are used for thermal insulation of buildings; - outlines required product properties, their performance, test methods and rules for conformity evaluations, identification and labelling; - provides a test method to determine ageing factors and the influence of the linear thermal bridges at the edges. This document is applicable to all types of silica and glass fibre core VIPs, independent of the type of envelope. In the case of a glass fibre core VIP, it is only applicable to VIPs with desiccants whose service life is ≥ 25 years. This document is not applicable to: - any specific installation and application requirements; - products intended to be used for the insulation of building equipment and industrial installations.
- Standard52 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard for the composition and physical properties of expanded perlite loose fill insulation. This specification also covers the testing procedures used in determining the acceptability of the materials which deal primarily with material performance in the temperature range associated with the thermal envelope of buildings. This specification also covers the standard for surface-treated perlite proposed for use in dust suppression. Requirements for the insulation shall include conformance to standard of the following: bulk density, grading, thermal resistance, moisture absorption, combustibility, surface burning characteristics, and dust suppression.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition and physical properties of expanded perlite loose fill insulation. The specification includes the testing procedures by which the acceptability of the material is determined. These testing procedures deal primarily with material performance in the temperature range associated with the thermal envelope of buildings; however, the commercially usable temperature range for this insulation is from − 459 to 1400°F (1 to 1033 K). For specialized applications, refer to the manufacturer's instructions.
1.2 The specification covers the composition and properties of perlite that has been surface-treated to produce dust suppression for installations where dust is a factor.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following applies to Test Methods E84 and E136—This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.5 The following applies to Test Methods E84 and E136—Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
1.6 When the installation or use of thermal insulation materials, accessories and systems, may pose safety or health problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user appropriate current information regarding any known problems associated with the recommended use of the company's products, and shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in their safe utilization. The user shall establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use. For additional precautionary statements, see Section 12.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document is applicable to factory-made reflective insulation (RI) products intended for use as thermal and acoustic insulation of buildings. The products are manufactured in the form of rolls or boards. They are made from low emissive film(s) and infrared semi-transparent material layer(s) or air cavities.
This document describes the methods and criteria for assessing the performance of factory-made reflective insulation products in relation to essential product characteristics and includes the procedures for assessment and verification of the constancy of performance.
Reflective insulation products require specific setup instruction(s) depending on their level of compressibility.
This document does not specify the required level of a given property to be achieved by a product to demonstrate fitness for purpose in a particular application. The levels required for a given application can be found in regulations or non-conflicting standards.
This document does not cover:
- products intended to be used for the insulation of building equipment and industrial installations;
- products made of mineral wool, polystyrene or polyurethane foams (not inclusive) faced with aluminium or metalized foil on one or both external surfaces (which are already covered by a corresponding harmonized European product standard);
- membranes used as vapour control layer (VCL) or vapour-permeable roof or wall underlay (which are already covered by a specific harmonized European product standard).
- Standard58 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes a set of procedures for using existing standardized CEN or ISO test and calculation methods to determine the thermal performance of reflective insulation products. This document supports and does not replace existing CEN or ISO test methods.
This document applies to any thermal insulation product that derives a proportion of its claimed thermal properties from the presence of one or more reflective or low emissivity surfaces together with any associated airspace(s). It does not replace the existing procedures for the determination of the thermal performance of products already covered by an existing harmonized product standard where the declared value of these products does not specifically include any claims attributable to the emissivity of the facing. It does not, and cannot, give an in-use or design value of thermal performance, but provides standardized information from which these can be determined.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standards for the types, physical properties and dimensions of cellular polystyrene boards with or without facings or coatings made by molding (EPS) or extrusion (XPS) of expandable polystyrene proposed for use as thermal insulation. This specification, however, does not cover laminated products manufactured with any type of rigid board facer including fiberboard, perlite board, gypsum board, or oriented strand board. All thermal insulation shall be of uniform density and shall contain sufficient flame retardants to meet the oxygen index of requirements. They shall also meet the physical requirements such as thermal resistance, compressive resistance, flexural strength, water vapor permeance, water absorption, dimensional stability, and oxygen index specified herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers the types, physical properties, and dimensions of cellular polystyrene boards with or without facings or coatings made by molding (EPS) or extrusion (XPS) of expandable polystyrene. Products manufactured to this specification are intended for use as thermal insulation for temperatures from –65 to +165°F (–53.9 to +73.9°C). This specification does not apply to laminated products manufactured with any type of rigid board facer including fiberboard, perlite board, gypsum board, or oriented strand board.
1.1.1 Additional requirements for Types IV and XIII for pipe, tank, and equipment thermal insulation for temperatures from –320 to +165°F (–196 to +73.9°C) are contained in Annex A1.
1.2 The use of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification is potentially regulated by codes that address fire performance. For some end uses, specifiers need to also address the effect of moisture and wind pressure resistance. Guidelines regarding these end use considerations are included in Appendix X1.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Classification of insulation relative to flexibility or rigidity is useful in establishing installation and application characteristics.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the procedures for the classification of mineral fiber insulation as flexible, resilient flexible, semirigid, or rigid.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document is applicable to factory-made reflective insulation (RI) products intended for use as thermal and acoustic insulation of buildings. The products are manufactured in the form of rolls or boards. They are made from low emissive film(s) and infrared semi-transparent material layer(s) or air cavities.
This document describes the methods and criteria for assessing the performance of factory-made reflective insulation products in relation to essential product characteristics and includes the procedures for assessment and verification of the constancy of performance.
Reflective insulation products require specific setup instruction(s) depending on their level of compressibility.
This document does not specify the required level of a given property to be achieved by a product to demonstrate fitness for purpose in a particular application. The levels required for a given application can be found in regulations or non-conflicting standards.
This document does not cover:
- products intended to be used for the insulation of building equipment and industrial installations;
- products made of mineral wool, polystyrene or polyurethane foams (not inclusive) faced with aluminium or metalized foil on one or both external surfaces (which are already covered by a corresponding harmonized European product standard);
- membranes used as vapour control layer (VCL) or vapour-permeable roof or wall underlay (which are already covered by a specific harmonized European product standard).
- Standard58 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the composition, physical properties, and product forms of microporous thermal insulation for use on surfaces at temperatures from 80°C [176°F] up to 1150°C [2102°F], unless otherwise agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser.
1.2 This specification only covers microporous thermal insulation comprising compacted powder, fibers and opacifiers.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Inorganic fibrous thermal insulation can contain varying amounts of non-fibrous material. Non-fibrous material does not contribute to the insulating value of the insulation and therefore a procedure for determining that amount is desirable. Several specifications refer to shot content and percent (%) retained on various screen sizes determined by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the non-fibrous content (shot) of man-made rock and slag mineral fiber insulation. The procedure covers a dry sieve analysis method to distinguish between fiberized and non-fiberized (shot) portions of a specimen of man-made rock and slag mineral fiber insulation specimen.
1.2 This test method does not apply to rock or slag materials containing any components other than rock and slag mineral fiber, oil, and organic thermal setting binders. Products containing other types of fibers, inorganic binders, or refractory clays are excluded.
Note 1: Industrial oils such as mineral or synthetic can be used to enhance the hydrophobic qualities and dust suppression.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Research has demonstrated that in addition to the halide ion chloride; fluoride ions, when deposited and concentrated on the surface of austenitic stainless steel, can contribute to external stress corrosion cracking (ESCC) in the absence of inhibiting ions.5 Two widely used insulation specifications that are specific to ESCC allow the use of the same Test Methods C692 and C871 for evaluation of insulation materials. Both specifications require fluoride ions to be included with chloride ions when evaluating the extractable ions.
5.2 Chlorides (and fluorides) can be constituents of the insulating material or of the environment, or both. Moisture in the insulation or from the environment can cause chlorides (and fluorides) to migrate through the insulation and concentrate at the hot stainless steel surface.
5.3 The presence of sodium and silicate ions in the insulation has been found to inhibit external stress corrosion cracking caused by chloride (and fluoride) ions, whether such ions come from the insulation itself or from external sources. Furthermore, if the ratio of sodium and silicate ions to chloride (and fluoride) ions is in a certain proportion in the insulation, external stress corrosion cracking as a result of the presence of chloride (and fluoride) in the insulation will be prevented or at least mitigated (see also Specification C795).
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover laboratory procedures for the determination of water-leachable chloride, fluoride, silicate, and sodium ions in thermal insulation materials in the parts per million range.
1.2 Selection of one of the test methods listed for each of the ionic determinations required shall be made on the basis of laboratory capability and availability of the required equipment and appropriateness to the concentration of the ion and any possible ion interferences in the extraction solution.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 An inherent characteristic of some alloys of austenitic stainless steel is their tendency to crack at stress points when exposed to certain corrosive environments. The mechanisms of ESCC are complex and not completely understood but are apparently related to certain metallurgical properties. Chloride and fluoride ions have the potential to induce stress corrosion cracking in the absence of inhibiting ions.3
5.2 Chlorides are common to many environments, so great care shall be taken to protect austenitic stainless steel from chloride contamination.
5.3 Most thermal insulations will not, of themselves, cause stress corrosion cracking. Preproduction qualification tests are used to evaluate that under the conditions of the laboratory test that specific thermal insulation materials do not cause cracking of sensitized austenitic stainless steel. Insulation systems have the potential to act as collecting media by means of transmigration and concentration of corrosive ions on heated stainless steel surfaces. Exposure to elevated temperature results in evaporation of water and increased chemical reaction rates. Environments containing corrosive ions, moisture, and oxygen will increase the chance for stress corrosion cracking.
5.4 Insulation materials are available that are specially formulated to inhibit stress corrosion cracking in the presence of chlorides through modifications in basic composition or incorporation of certain chemical additives.
5.5 The ability of the 28-day test to measure the corrosion potential of insulation materials is documented by Karnes,4 whose data appear to have been used for construction of the acceptability curve used in Specification C795 and other specifications.
5.6 The metal for all of the coupons used in this test method (C692) shall be qualified (see Section 14) to ascertain that under conditions of the test, chloride ions will cause the metal to crack, and deionized water alone will not cause cracks.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for the laboratory evaluation of thermal insulation materials to determine whether they contribute to external stress corrosion cracking (ESCC) of austenitic stainless steel due to soluble chlorides within the insulation. This laboratory procedure is not intended to cover all of the possible field conditions that contribute to ESCC.
1.2 While the 1977 edition of this test method (Dana test) is applicable only to wicking-type insulations, the procedures in this edition are intended to be applicable to all insulating materials, including cements, some of which disintegrate when tested in accordance with the 1977 edition. Wicking insulations are materials that wet through and through when partially (50 % to 75 %) immersed in water for a short period of time (10 min or less).
1.3 These procedures are intended primarily as a preproduction test for qualification of the basic chemical composition of a particular manufacturer's product and are not intended to be routine tests for ongoing quality assurance or production lot compliance. Test Methods C871, on the other hand, is used for confirmation of acceptable chemical properties of subsequent lots of insulation previously found acceptable by this test method.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Dev...
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the classification, composition, and physical properties of flexible fibrous glass insulation for use as interior surface of walls and roofs of metal buildings. The basic insulation blanket is designed to be postprocessed by a laminating process that applies an adhesive bonded facing to provide the interior finish and vapor retarder requirements for the building envelope The flexible insulation is furnished into Types I and II. Type I which is a glass processed from the molten state into fibrous form, bonded with a thermosetting resin, and formed into a resilient flexible blanket or batt. Type II is a Type I material supplied with a suitable facing adhered to one surface. The following physical properties of Types I and II materials shall be determined: thermal resistance, surface burning characteristics, combustion characteristics, water vapor sorption, fungi resistance, corrosiveness, odor emission, dimensional tolerances, and humid aging.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the classification, composition, and physical properties of flexible fibrous glass insulation for use in metal building roofs and walls.
1.2 The basic insulation blanket is designed to be post-processed by a laminating process that applies an adhesive bonded facing.
1.3 The thermal values measured in accordance with this specification for both pre-processed and post-processed insulation are for the insulation only and do not include the effects of air-film surface resistance, changes in mean temperature, or compression of insulation at the framing members of the building, through metal conductance of fasteners and other parallel heat-transfer paths due to design or installation techniques.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the classification and performance of flexible aerogel thermal insulation. It indicates the mechanical, chemical, and property requirements of the flexible aerogel insulation, such as its thickness, density, and flexibility. It also lists the performance requirements for Types I, II, and III flexible aerogel insulation, and the acceptable dimensions and tolerances on flexible aerogel insulation sheets.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the classification and performance of flexible aerogel thermal insulation. This will cover the range of continuous exposure operating temperatures from –321°F (–196°C) up to 1200°F (649°C).
1.2 For satisfactory performance, properly installed protective vapor retarders or barriers shall be used on below ambient temperature applications to reduce movement of moisture through or around the insulation to the colder surface. Failure to use a vapor retarder or barrier could lead to insulation and system non-performance.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test methods described in this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Insulating cement must be mixed with water and molded to prepare for testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers mixing thermal insulating cement samples with water in the preparation of specimens for use in all tests on the cement.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 As determined by this test method, the pipe insulation lineal thermal resistance or conductance (and, when applicable, the thermal resistivity or conductivity) are means of comparing insulations which include the effects of the insulation and its fit upon the pipe, circumferential and longitudinal jointing, and variations in construction, but do not include the effects of the outer surface resistance or heat transfer coefficient. They are thus appropriate when the insulation outer-surface temperature and the pipe temperature are known or specified. However, since the thermal properties determined by this test method include the effects of fit and jointing, they are not true material properties. Therefore, properties determined by this test method are somewhat different from those obtained on apparently similar material in flat form using the guarded hot plate, Test Method C177, or the heat flow meter apparatus, Test Method C518.
4.2 The pipe insulation lineal thermal transference incorporates both the effect of the insulation and its fit upon the pipe and also the effect of the surface heat-transfer coefficient. It is appropriate when the ambient conditions and the pipe temperature are known or specified and the thermal effects of the surface are to be included.
4.3 Because of the test condition requirements prescribed in this test method, recognize that the thermal transfer properties obtained will not necessarily be the value pertaining under all service conditions. As an example, this test method provides that the thermal properties shall be obtained by tests on dry or conditioned specimens, while such conditions are not necessarily realized in service. The results obtained are strictly applicable only for the conditions of test and for the product construction tested, and must not be applied without proper adjustment when the material is used at other conditions, such as mean temperatures that differ appreciably from those of the test. With these quali...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the steady-state heat transfer properties of pipe insulations. Specimen types include rigid, flexible, and loose fill; homogeneous and nonhomogeneous; isotropic and nonisotropic; circular or non-circular cross section. Measurement of metallic reflective insulation and mass insulations with metal jackets or other elements of high axial conductance is included; however, additional precautions must be taken and specified special procedures must be followed.
1.2 The test apparatus for this purpose is a guarded-end or calibrated-end pipe apparatus. The guarded-end apparatus is a primary (or absolute) method. The guarded-end method is comparable, but not identical to ISO 8497. The ISO method does not use the calculation procedure in Practice C1045.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.4 When appropriate, or as required by specifications or other test methods, the following thermal transfer properties for the specimen can be calculated from the measured data (see 3.2):
1.4.1 The pipe insulation lineal thermal resistance and conductance,
1.4.2 The pipe insulation lineal thermal transference,
1.4.3 The surface areal resistance and heat transfer coefficient,
1.4.4 The thermal resistivity and conductivity,
1.4.5 The areal thermal resistance and conductance, and
1.4.6 The areal thermal transference.
Note 1: In this test method the preferred resistance, conductance, and transference are the lineal values computed for a unit length of pipe. These must not be confused with the corresponding areal properties computed on a unit area basis which are more applicable to flat slab geometr...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice outlines general procedures that are recommended for correct installation of spray polyurethane foam (SPF) as an insulation in the building enclosure including; walls, ceilings, attics, floors, crawl spaces, attics and foundations.
Note 2: SPF roofing installations are not covered by this document. Users may wish to consult Guide D5469 and Specification D7425.
5.2 This practice is not all-inclusive; this practice is intended only to supplement detailed instructions from manufacturers, SPF industry best practices and safety requirements as may be established by law.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the installation of high-pressure spray polyurethane foam (SPF) as an insulation for building enclosure assemblies including: walls, ceilings, attics, floors, and crawl spaces. This practice does not apply to SPF used strictly as a component for an air barrier system or for SPF used in roofing applications.
1.2 Building design criteria and selection of SPF are beyond the scope of this practice.
1.3 The use of SPF insulation covered by this practice is typically regulated by building codes or other agencies that address fire performance. Where required the fire performance of the material shall be addressed through standard fire test methods established by the appropriate governing documents.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers calcium silicate block and pipe thermal insulation for use on surfaces. Thermal insulation shall be of the following types: Type I; Type IA; and Type II. Calcium silicate thermal insulation shall consist principally of hydrous calcium silicate usually with the incorporation of fibrous reinforcement. The insulation shall conform to the physical requirements specified. Following test methods shall be performed: block insulation; pipe insulation; apparent thermal conductivity; linear shrinkage after heat soaking; flexural strength; compressive strength; mass loss by tumbling; hot surface performance; surface burning characteristics; stress corrosion performance; and moisture content by dry weight.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers calcium silicate block and pipe thermal insulation for use on surfaces with temperatures between 80 and 1700°F (27 to 927°C), unless otherwise agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method (Section 12) described in this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers molded expanded perlite block, fittings, and pipe thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces with temperatures of certain range. The insulation shall not have visible defects that will adversely affect its service qualities. Different test methods shall be performed in order to determine the properties of the block, fitting, and pipe insulations: density, apparent thermal conductivity, linear shrinkage after heat soaking, flexural strength, compressive strength, weight loss by tumbling, moisture content, water absorption after heat aging, surface bearing characteristics, hot-surface performance, and stress corrosion cracking of austenitic stainless steel.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers molded expanded perlite block, fittings, and pipe thermal insulation intended for use on surfaces with temperatures between 80 to 1200°F (27 to 649°C).
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In providing Procedures A and B, it is recognized that different types of thermal insulation will exhibit significantly different behavior under compressive load. Data must usually be obtained from a complete load-deformation curve, and the useful working range normally corresponds to only a portion of the curve. The user is cautioned against use of the product in the range beyond which the product is permanently damaged or properties are adversely affected.
4.2 Load-deformation curves provide useful data for research and development, quality control, specification acceptance or rejection, and for other special purposes. Standard loading rates shall not be used arbitrarily for all purposes; the effects of impact, creep, fatigue, and repeated cycling must be considered. All load-deformation data shall be reviewed carefully for applicability prior to acceptance for use in engineering designs differing widely in load, load application rate, and material dimensions involved.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers two procedures for determining the compressive resistance of thermal insulations.
1.1.1 Procedure A covers thermal insulations having an approximate straight-line portion of a load-deformation curve, with or without an identifiable yield point as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. Such behavior is typical of most rigid board or block-type insulations.
FIG. 1 Procedure A—Straight Line Portion with Definite Yield Point
FIG. 2 Procedure A—Straight Line Portion but no Definite Yield Point
1.1.2 Procedure B covers thermal insulations that become increasingly more stiff as load is increased, as shown in Fig. 3. Such behavior is typical of fibrous batt and blanket insulations that have been compressed previously to at least the same deformation by compression packaging or mechanical softening.
FIG. 3 Procedure B—Increasing Stiffness
1.2 It is recognized that the classification of materials under Procedures A and B shall not hold in all cases. For example, some batt or blanket materials that have not been compression packaged will exhibit behavior more typical of Procedure A for their first loadings. Also, some higher density fibrous insulation boards that have been precompressed will exhibit load-deformation curves more typical of Procedure B. There will also be thermal insulations with load-deformation curves that follow none of the three types shown here; that is, curves with no straight-line portion, curves with compaction areas, and curves that change from negative to positive slope.
1.3 This test method does not cover reflective or loose fill insulations.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers vapor retarders for thermal insulation, specifically, flexible materials with permeance and surface burning characteristics. Vapor retarders are classified based on vapor retardance and strength properties: Types I, II, III, IV, V, and VI. The following test methods shall be performed: water vapor permeance; surface burning characteristics; tensile strength; dimensional stability; fungi resistance; thermal integrity of flexible water vapor retarders; burst strength of vapor retarders; permanence of flame retardancy; and elevated temperature and humidity resistance of vapor retarders for insulation.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
9.1 Entrapment of water in thermal insulation caused by condensation of water vapor that has penetrated into the insulation is detrimental to the thermal resistance of the insulation. For this reason, in certain installations where temperature and moisture conditions have the potential to create a vapor driving force toward the insulation, a deterrent to the passage of such vapor into the installed insulation needs to be provided. This is the primary function of the vapor retarder.
9.2 In addition to the function stated in 9.1, a vapor retarder has the potential to provide physical protection and added strength to the insulation system.
9.3 This specification is used to specify material by physical property requirements that address the above prerequisites. The designer of an insulation system, after determining the degree of protection needed for the insulation, can use this specification to specify the appropriate type of vapor retarder when one is required.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers vapor retarders for thermal insulation, specifically, flexible materials with permeance of 0.15 perm (8.63 ng·Pa–1 · s–1 · m–2) or lower and surface burning characteristics of 25 flame spread/50 smoke or lower. These materials are intended for use at surface temperatures of −20 to 150°F (−29 to 66°C). It does not cover mastics or barrier coatings applied in liquid form, nor materials intended for use as weather barriers.
1.2 This is a material specification and does not imply that an installed system using these materials will provide the physical properties specified in Section 6.
1.3 This specification provides physical requirements for vapor retarders. Practice C755 provides assistance in solving problems related to moisture vapor transmission through thermal insulation materials.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 10, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers structural insulating board for general thermal insulating, fire-resistive, and marine bulkhead applications. The structural insulating boards shall be of the following types and grades: Types I and II and Grades 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 7; and 8. Calcium silicate structural insulating board shall be composed of hydrated calcium silicate with natural or man-made fibers or fillers, or a combination thereof. The following test methods shall be performed: dimensions and density; flexural strength; compressive strength; screw holding strength; apparent thermal conductivity; combustion characteristics; and maximum use temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers structural insulating board for general thermal insulating, fire-resistive, and marine bulkhead applications. The rigid, preformed structural insulating board is for use at temperatures up to 1700°F (927°C). For specific applications, the actual temperature limit shall be agreed upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
1.2 The structural insulating board maintains its structural integrity after immersion in water.
1.3 Rapid cycling over a wide temperature range is not recommended because of potential damage due to thermal shock.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 When the installation or use of thermal insulation materials, accessories and systems, may pose safety or health problems, the manufacturer shall provide the user appropriate current information regarding any known problems associated with the recommended use of the company's products, and shall also recommend protective measures to be employed in their safe utilization. The user shall establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers cellular melamine thermal and sound-absorbing insulation for use in industrial environments operating within the specified temperature range. Some applications of the thermal insulation materials covered by this standard are subject to building codes for fire performance. A vapor retarder is required when the insulation materials are used for cold surface applications where water vapor condense and may cause a decrease in thermal performance. Open-cell melamine foam is produced when a pentane blowing agent is used to foam a melamine-aldehyde precondensate. Melamine thermal insulation is furnished in three types according to shape and two grades according to facing. The typical facing materials are aluminum foil, aluminized mylar, polyvinylchloride, and polyvinylfluoride. All materials should conform to the required values of oxygen index, specific optical smoke density, surface burning characteristics, density, tensile strength, percent elongation, indentation force deflection, and thermal conductivity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the type, physical properties, and dimensions of open-cell melamine foam intended for use as thermal and sound-absorbing insulation for temperatures from −40 to +350°F (−40 to +177°C) in industrial environments.
1.2 Some uses of thermal insulation materials covered by this specification are governed by building codes that address fire performance.
1.3 The use of an appropriate vapor retarder is required on cold surface applications where water vapor condense and cause a decrease in thermal performance. Refer to Practice C755 for selection of vapor retarders. Facings shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and the manufacturer or supplier.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was designed to give the manufacturer of loose-fill insulation products a way of determining what the initial installed thickness should be in a horizontal open attic for pneumatic applications.
5.2 The installed thickness value developed by this test method is intended to provide guidance to the installer in order to achieve a minimum mass/unit area for a given R-value.
5.3 For the purpose of product design, testing should be done at a variety of R-values. At least three R-values should be used: the lowest R-value on the product label, the highest R-value on the product label, and an R-value near the midpoint of the R-value range.
Note 1: For quality control purposes, testing may be done at one R-value of R-19 (h×ft 2×°F/Btu) or higher.
5.4 Specimens are blown in a manner consistent with the intended installation procedure. Blowing machine settings should be representative of those typically used for field application with that machine.
5.5 The material blown for a given R-value as part of the installed thickness test equals the installed mass/unit area times the test chamber area. This mass can be calculated from information provided on the package label at the R-value prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the installed thickness of pneumatically applied loose-fill building insulations prior to settling by simulating an open attic with horizontal blown applications.
1.2 This test method is a laboratory procedure for use by manufacturers of loose-fill insulation for product design, label development, and quality control testing. The apparatus used produces installed thickness results at a given mass/unit area.
1.3 This test method is not the same as the design density procedures described in Test Methods C520 or Specifications C739 or C764.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies the equipment and procedures for determining the tensile strength of a product parallel to its faces. It is applicable to thermal insulating products.
This document can be used to determine whether the product has sufficient strength to withstand stresses during transportation and application.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the equipment and procedures for determining the compression behaviour of specimens. It is applicable to thermal insulating products and can be used to determine the compressive stress in compressive creep tests and for applications in which insulation products are exposed only to short-term loads.
The method can be used for quality control purposes and can also be employed to obtain reference values from which design values can be calculated using safety factors.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the equipment and procedures for determining the thickness of full‑size products. It is applicable to thermal insulating products.
This document provides the reference method. Other methods can be used (e.g. for quality control), provided a correlation has been established with this reference method; Annex B gives some examples of such methods.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification covers sheet and tubular preformed flexible elastomeric cellular thermal insulation. The materials are classified into three grades according to the operating temperature range of the industrial systems that each material is used for. The non-thermoplastic, thermoset products should be made of natural or synthetic rubber that may be modified using various thermoplastic or thermosetting resins, plasticizers, modifiers, antioxidants, curatives, blowing agents, and other additives. All products should be tested using the prescribed procedures and conform to the specified values of apparent thermal conductivity, water absorption, water-vapor permeability, and linear shrinkage.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers preformed flexible elastomeric cellular-thermal insulation in sheet and tubular form. Grade 1 covers materials to be used on commercial or industrial systems with operating temperatures from –183 to 104°C [–297 to 220°F], Grade 2 covers material used on industrial systems with operating temperatures from –183 to 150°C [–297 to 300°F], and Grade 3 covers material used on industrial systems with operating temperatures from –183 to 120°C [–297 to 250°F] where halogens are not permitted.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers a single component protective roof coating composed of solvent-borne moisture curing urethane elastomeric polymer, to which various pigments or other additives have been added to give the required physical properties. The product, as manufactured, shall be in liquid form for application to spray polyurethane foam (SPF) surfaces by brushing, rolling, or spraying. However, guidance for its application is not addressed here. Coatings shall be tested and conform accordingly to specified liquid property requirements as to viscosity, and volume and weight of solids. Dry films shall also adhere to the following physical property requirements, when tested as appropriate: initial percent elongation at break; initial tensile strength at maximum stress; final percent elongation at break after accelerated weathering; permeance; water absorption; adhesion; fungi resistance; tear resistance; and low temperature flexibility.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a single component, moisture cured, elastomeric urethane polymer coating used as a protective coating for spray polyurethane foam roofing systems.
1.2 This specification does not provide guidance for application.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions, Sections 5 and 6.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off