83.040.01 - Raw materials for rubber and plastics in general
ICS 83.040.01 Details
Raw materials for rubber and plastics in general
Rohstoffe fur Gummi und Kunststoffe im allgemeinen
Matieres premieres pour les élastomeres et les plastiques en général
Surovine za gumo in polimerne materiale na splošno
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 83.040.01 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Raw materials for rubber and plastics in general". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 49 standards classified under ICS 83.040.01 (Raw materials for rubber and plastics in general). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
This document specifies the material and physical property requirements for non-strippable, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film for the wrapping of: - natural rubber bales comprised of block natural rubber of 33,3 kg or 35 kg; - natural rubber ribbed smoked sheets, including bales of 33,3 kg, 35 kg, 50 kg and 111,11 kg; - modified natural rubber (e.g. epoxidized natural rubber, low-protein natural rubber) bales of 33,3 kg or 35 kg; - any other bale masses as mutually agreed between the parties, and intended to keep the bales separate during transportation and storage.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used for research or for quality control to characterize aromatic isocyanates and prepolymers of moderate to high acidity. Acidity correlates with performance in some polyurethane systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the acidity, expressed as parts per million (ppm) of HCl, in aromatic isocyanate samples of greater than 100–ppm acidity. The test method is applicable to products derived from toluene diisocyanate and methylene-bis-(4–phenylisocyanate) (see Note 1).
Note 1: This test method is equivalent to ISO 14898, Test Method A.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is used for research or for quality control to characterize isocyanates used in polyurethane products.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the percent by weight of monomeric isomers and total monomer in crude or modified isocyanates. The test method is applicable to methylene di(phenylisocyanate) (MDI) and polymeric (methylene phenylisocyanate) (PMDI). (See Note 1.)
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is suitable for quality control, as a specification test and for research. The urethane reaction between polyols and isocyanates to form polyurethane polymers is known to be sensitive to the presence of basic substances. This is particularly important in the preparation of polyurethane prepolymers which contain isocyanate groups that are known to react in the presence of trace amounts of basic substances. Since many polyether polyols are often made with strongly basic catalysts, it is important to have an analytical method capable of detecting small quantities of residual basic substances. This test method is capable of detecting ppm levels of base (as KOH).4
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measuring alkalinity in low-alkalinity (
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 When discarded as litter, articles made using photodegradable plastics are subject to attack by daylight (particularly solar-ultraviolet radiation), oxygen, heat, and water. The 5° exposure angle used in this practice represents typical conditions for degradation experienced by litter.
4.2 This practice requires characterization of the duration of exposure in terms of solar-ultraviolet radiation. Solar-ultraviolet radiation varies considerably as a function of location and time of year. This can cause dramatic differences in the time required to produce a specified level of degradation in a polymer. Daro4 has shown that when the same lot of polyethylene containing an iron-salt prodegradant is exposed at various times of the year in a single location, the time required to produce an average of two chain scissions per molecule varied by over 130 %. Daro, and Zerlaut and Anderson5 have shown that this variability can be significantly reduced when total solar or solar-ultraviolet radiation, or both, is used to characterize the exposure increments.
4.3 In addition to variations in level of daylight and solar-ultraviolet radiation, there are significant differences in temperature, and moisture stresses between different locations, and between different years, or periods within a single year, at a single location. Because of this variability, results from this test cannot be used to predict the absolute rate at which photodegradable plastics degrade. Results from this test can be used to compare relative rates of degradation for materials exposed at the same time in the same location. Results from multiple exposures of a common lot of material (during different seasons over several years) at different sites can be used to compare the relative rates at which a particular photodegradable plastic will degrade in each location.
Note 2: An inherent limitation in solar-radiation measurements is that they do not reflect the effects of variations in temperature and moi...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice defines test conditions applicable when Practices D1435 and G7/G7M are employed for the outdoor exposure testing of photodegradable plastics.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods provide a means of determining the compatibility of a resin (or vehicle), at low concentrations, in a high boiling ink solvent.
5.2 Resin-solvent mixtures that exhibit a high precipitation temperature are less compatible than those exhibiting a low precipitation temperature.
5.3 Resin-solvent mixtures that exhibit precipitation temperatures at or close to the cloud point of the pure solvent are considered infinitely compatible or the resin is infinitely soluble in that solvent.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the manual and automatic procedures for testing the compatibility of lithographic ink resins in high boiling ink solvents by precipitation temperature (cloud point) in a range from 35 to 210°C.
1.2 The manual procedure in this test method uses laboratory equipment generally available in a normal, well-equipped laboratory. The automated procedure uses a programmable cloud point tester.
1.3 This test method is for use with ink resins intended mainly for oil-based offset and letterpress inks. The type of resins are typically, but not limited to C9 aromatic hydrocarbon resins, modified dicyclopentadiene resins, rosin pentaerythritol or glycerol esters, phenolic modified rosin esters, maleic anhydride modified-rosin esters, and naturally occurring resins such as gilsonite.
1.4 A resin solution or ink vehicle could also be used in this test instead of the resin.
1.5 The typical high boiling solvents to be used are C12 to C16 petroleum distillates.
1.6 To avoid fire or injury, this test method should not be used with low flash point solvents such as toluene or xylene. The minimum flash point of the solvents used should be 60°C as determined by Test Method D56.
Note 1: Users of this test method should be aware that the flash point of many solvents used for this test (as defined in Test Methods D56 and D1310) is exceeded in the heating cycle of this test method. Safety precautions should be taken since there is the potential for vapor ignition. The method outlined should be done in a shielded exhaust hood, where there is access to a fire extinguisher if needed.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the basic properties of thermoset molding plastic compounds and the test methods used to establish the properties. The plastic compounds shall be a resin, cellulose-filled or mineral/glass-filled phenolic, melamine, polyester, diallyl iso-phthalate, diallyl ortho-phthalate, silicone, or epoxy. Standard test specimens shall be in the as-received condition or shall be conditioned before testing by humidity, immersion, or temperature conditioning. The specimens shall undergo mechanical or physical qualification tests which shall conform to the following properties: compressive strength; dimensional stability; flexural strength; heat deflection temperature; heat resistance; impact strength; tensile strength; and water absorption. Electrical qualification tests shall be conducted; wherein, the specimens shall comply with the following requirements: arc resistance; dielectric breakdown; dielectric constant; dielectric strength; dissipation factor; surface resistance; comparative track index; volume resistance; and water extract conductance. Tests for combustion qualification shall also be performed to determine the flame resistance ignition time, burning time, flammability, and toxicity requirements. Batch acceptance tests shall be conducted as well to ensure the quality conformance of the specimens.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This specification is a revision of STD MIL-M-14H, Specification for Molding Compound, Thermosetting, retaining the MIL-M-14H material designations and property requirements while conforming to ASTM form and style. It is intended for qualification and batch acceptance for materials used by government and industry, and is intended as a direct replacement for MIL-M-14H.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the basic properties of thermoset molding compounds and the test methods used to establish the properties.
1.2 Classification—Molding thermosetting plastic compounds shall be of the following resins and are covered by the individual specification sheets (see 5.1 and Annex A1 – Annex A8).
Resin
Phenolic, cellulose filled
Phenolic, mineral/glass filled
Melamine
Polyester
Diallyl iso-phthalate
Diallyl ortho-phthalate
Silicone
Epoxy
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.3 Order of Precedence—In the event of a conflict between the text of this specification and the references cited in Section 2 (except for related specification sheets), the text of this specification takes precedence. Nothing in this specification, however, supersedes applicable laws and regulations unless a specific exemption has been obtained.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be considered standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers syndiotactic polystyrene materials including homopolymer, copolymers, blends, and impact modified, suitable for molding and extrusion. The materials are classified as follows: group 01 - homopolymer; group 02 - copolymer; group 03 - flame retardant; group 04 - blends; group 00 - others. These are further classified as class 1 - general purpose; class 2 - impact modified; and class - others. The reinforced and additive materials are as follows: carbon and graphite-reinforced, glass, mineral-reinforced, lubricants, combination of reinforcement, or fillers, or both. Materials shall be tested, test specimens shall be molded by an injection molding process, and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of tensile strength, flexural modulus, tensile modulus, deflection temperature, specific gravity, Izod impact, and ISO Charpy impact, Vicat softening point, melt flow rate.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification system covers syndiotactic polystyrene materials including homopolymer, copolymers, blends, and impact modified, suitable for molding and extrusion. Recycled product will be addressed in a separate standard.
1.2 This classification system and subsequent line callout (specification) are intended to provide a means of calling out plastic materials used in fabrication of end use items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of matierials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastics field only after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this classification system, and the economics.
1.3 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications are to be called out using the suffixes given in Section 5.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A J-R curve produced in accordance with this test method characterizes the crack growth resistances of a wide range of tough polymers and polymer blends (1-5)4 that cannot be obtained in sufficient size and thickness for valid characterization by linear elastic fracture mechanics in Test Methods D5045.
5.2 The J-R curve characterizes, within the limits set forth in this test method, the resistance of a polymeric material to slow stable crack growth after initiation from a preexisting sharp flaw.
5.3 A J-R curve can be used as an index of material toughness for blend or alloy design, material selection, materials processing, and quality assurance (6).
5.4 The J-R curves from bend specimens represent lower bound estimates of J capacity as a function of crack extension, and have been observed to be conservative relative to those obtained from specimen configurations under tensile loading.
5.5 The J-R curves for a given material of constant microstructure tend to exhibit lower slope (flatter) with increasing thickness. Thus, it is recommended that the largest possible specimen with representative microstructure be used.
5.6 The J-R curve can be used to assess the stability of cracks in structures in the presence of ductile tearing, with awareness of the differences that may exist between laboratory test and field conditions.
5.7 A J-R curve may depend on the orientation and propagation of the crack in relation to the anisotropy of the material which may be induced by specimen fabrication methods.
5.8 Because of the possibility of rate dependence of crack growth resistance, J-R curves can be determined at displacement rates other than that specified in this test method (7).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the J-integral versus crack growth resistance (J-R) curves for polymeric materials.
1.2 This test method is intended to characterize the slow, stable crack growth resistance of bend-type specimens in such a manner that it is geometry insensitive within limits set forth in this test method.
1.3 The recommended specimens are the three-point bend (SE(B)) and pin-loaded compact tension (C(T)) specimens. Both specimens have in-plane dimensions of constant proportionality for all sizes. Specimen configurations other than those recommended in this test method may require different procedures and validity requirements.
1.4 This test method describes a multiple specimen method that requires optical measurement of crack extension from fracture surfaces. It is not recommended for use with materials in which the crack front cannot be distinguished from additional deformation processes in advance of the crack tip.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the bio-based carbon content in products, based on the 14C content measurement.
This European Standard also specifies three test methods to be used for the determination of the 14C content from which the bio-based carbon content is calculated:
- Method A: Liquid scintillation-counter method (LSC) (normative);
- Method B: Beta-ionization (BI) (informative);
- Method C: Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) (normative).
The bio-based carbon content is expressed by a fraction of sample mass or as a fraction of the total carbon content. This calculation method is applicable to any product containing carbon, including bio composites.
NOTE This European standard does not provide the methodology for the calculation of the biomass content of a sample see prEN 16785-1 [5] and prEN 16785-2 [6].
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CCMC - Mix up in clause numbering & related paragraphs
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ISO 20299-2:2017 specifies the material and physical property requirements for non-strippable low density polyethylene film for wrapping natural rubber bales comprising of block natural rubber of 33,33 kg or 35 kg and natural rubber ribbed smoked sheets including bales of 33,33 kg, 35 kg, 50 kg and 111,11 kg, or any other bale weights as mutually agreed between the parties, and intended to keep the bales separate during transportation and storage.
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ISO 20299-1:2015 specifies the material and physical property requirements for non-strippable film for wrapping general-purpose synthetic rubber bales, intended to keep the bales separate during storage, for example for wrapping: ? styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR); ? butadiene rubber (BR). Certain applications or processing methods require the removal of the film. This part of ISO 20299 does not deal with strippable films.
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ISO 20299-3:2008 specifies the material and physical property requirements for non-strippable film for wrapping general purpose synthetic rubber bales and intended to keep the bales separate during storage. It concerns wrapping film for the following types of rubber: ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM); acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR); hydrogenated nitrile-butadiene rubber (HNBR); acrylic-ethylene rubber (AEM); acrylic rubber (ACM). Certain applications and processing methods require the removal of the film. This part of ISO 20299 does not deal with strippable films.
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This Technical Specification specifies a method for the determination of the bio-based carbon content in products, based on the 14C content measurement.
It also specifies three test methods to be used for the determination of the 14C content from which the bio-based carbon content is calculated:
- Method A: Liquid scintillation-counter method (LSC);
- Method B: Beta-ionization (BI);
- Method C: Accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS).
The bio-based carbon content is expressed by a fraction of sample mass, as a fraction of the total carbon content or as a fraction of the total organic carbon content.
This calculation method is applicable to any product containing organic carbon, including biocomposites.
NOTE This Technical Specification does not provide the methodology for the calculation of the biomass content of a sample.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method provides a simple means of characterizing the mechanical behavior of plastics materials using very small amounts of material. The data obtained may be used for quality control, research and development, and establishment of optimum processing conditions.
Mechanical testing provides a sensitive test method for determining mechanical characteristics by measuring the modulus of elasticity.
Note 2—Materials that are suspected to be too anisotropic may not be suitable for this test method.
This test method can be used to assess:
5.3.1 The effects of processing treatment,
5.3.2 Relative resin behavioral properties, including cure,
5.3.3 The effects of substrate types and orientation (fabrication) on modulus, and
5.3.4 The effects of formulation additives that might affect processability or performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the use of controlled rate of loading mechanical instrumentation for gathering and reporting the modulus of elasticity of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The data generated, using three-point bending techniques, may be used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastics material or composition using a controlled rate of loading mechanical instrument. Results obtained from this test method may or may not be comparable to results obtained using D 790.
1.2 This test method is intended to provide a means for determining the modulus of elasticity within the linear region of the stress-strain curve (see Fig 1). This test is conducted at standard temperature and pressure.
1.3 Apparent discrepancies may arise in results obtained under differing experimental conditions. These apparent differences from results observed in another study can usually be reconciled, without changing the observed data, by reporting in full (as described in this test method) the conditions under which the data were obtained.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values stated in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1—There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method covered the use of controlled rate of loading mechanical instrumentation for gathering and reporting the modulus of elasticity of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins and composite systems in the form of rectangular bars molded directly or cut from sheets, plates, or molded shapes. The data generated, using three-point bending techniques, may be used to identify the thermomechanical properties of a plastics material or composition using a controlled rate of loading mechanical instrument. Results obtained from this test method may or may not have been comparable to results obtained using Test Methods D 790.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D20 on Plastics, this test method was withdrawn in September 2009 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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ISO 20299-2:2006 specifies the material and physical property requirements for non-strippable high melting point film for wrapping natural-rubber bales, intended to keep the bales separate during storage.
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ISO 20299-1:2006 specifies the material and physical property requirements for non-strippable film for wrapping general-purpose synthetic rubber bales, intended to keep the bales separate during storage, for example for wrapping styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR); butadiene rubber (BR). It does not deal with strippable films.
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method is used to determine the degree and rate of aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials exposed to a controlled composting environment. Aerobic composting takes place in an environment where temperature, aeration, and humidity are closely monitored and controlled.
1.2 The test is designed to determine the biodegradability of plastic materials, relative to that of a standard material, in an aerobic environment. Aeration of the test reactors is maintained at a constant rate throughout the test and reactor vessels of a size no greater than 4-L volume are used to ensure that the temperature of the vessels is approximately the same as that of the controlled environment chamber.
1.3 Biodegradability of the plastic is assessed by determining the amount of weight loss from samples exposed to a biologically active compost relative to the weight loss from samples exposed to a "poisoned" control.
1.4 The test is designed to be applicable to all plastic materials that are not inhibitory to the bacteria and fungi present in the simulated Municipal Solid Waste (MSW).
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1- There is no similar or equivalent ISO standard.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method was used to determine the degree and rate of aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials exposed to a controlled composting environment. Aerobic composting takes place in an environment where temperature, aeration, and humidity are closely monitored and controlled.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D20 on Plastics, this test method was withdrawn in December 2004 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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