13.020.55 - Biobased products
ICS 13.020.55 Details
Biobased products
Biološki izdelki
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 13.020.55 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Biobased products". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 85 standards classified under ICS 13.020.55 (Biobased products). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of the carotenoid content in microalgae. This method is based on the principles of chlorophyll a determination described in EN 18034. This method has been validated for the microalgae species Nannochloropsis and Phaodactylum. This standard is only validated for betacarotene and fucoxanthin but could be used for other carotenoids as well. Given small adaptations to be able to measure smaller concentrations, this method could also be
used for macro algae.
NOTE this method has been validated in an interlaboratory study for the following carotenoids for levels of approximately 0.1 to 10 mg/g by weight:
• beta carotene;
• fucoxanthin.
For the validation, the following matrices were used:
• Nannochloropsis sp .;
• Phaedactylum.
For detailed information on the validation, see Clause 9 and Annex C. Additionally, lutein was tested and Saccharina latissima was used as an additional matrix. However, these results could not be validated. The results of these studies have been included in informative Annex D.
- Draft21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document encompasses the determination of the fatty acid profile in algae and algae products, thereby including micro- and macroalgae, according to the definitions adopted by CEN. This determination enables that all fatty acids present at a significant level (> 1 % of the total fatty acids) in the algal matrix are quantified in an accurate and reproducible way. The concentration of each fatty acid will be available in relative (in %) and, by means of an appropriate internal standard, absolute (mg/g dw) terms. Moreover, the method described in this standard ensures a practical and safe technical approach, whose protocol details and all related know-how will be easily and economically transferrable to all the sector stakeholders. This document ensures this objective by a comprehensive and fully detailed description of all technical steps from the sample itself (including its state and form) to the gas chromatographic technique and the calculation of the fatty acid content. The wording avoids any risk of ambiguity or wrong interpretation. Finally, this methodological standard will be informed by other equivalent standards applied to other matrices and will take into account other standards concerning specific treatment or extractive procedure of the sample prior to the fatty acid analysis itself.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the extraction and determination procedures for the phycobiliproteins C-phycocyanin (C-PC) and the complementary pigment allophycocyanin (APC) from dry samples of species belonging to the genus Arthrospira (Cyanobacteria, Cyanoprokaryota or blue-green algae)(nowadays referred to Limnospira, [1]), and commercially known as Spirulina. This document enables laboratories analysing Arthrospira samples to report accurate C-PC and APC concentrations and yields.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes a method for the determination of inorganic arsenic in algae and algae products by anion-exchange HPLC-ICP-MS following water bath extraction. The method is specifically designed for seaweeds containing inorganic arsenic and arsenosugar 408 (i.e. sulfate-arsinoylriboside). The peaks of inorganic arsenic and arsenosugar 408 are separated by gradient elution.
The method was initially tested and evaluated on the algae species Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Saccharina latissima. Given the limited number of participating laboratories in the interlaboratory studies, this document is only validated for Ascophyllum nodosum and Saccharina latissima, but it can also be used for other algae species.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes a method for determining the amino acid profile of micro- and macroalgae.
It specifies a method for the quantitative determination, in one single analysis, of the following amino acids: alanine, arginine, aspartic acid (combined with asparagine), cystine (dimer of cysteine, combined with cysteine), glutamic acid (combined with glutamine), glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine and valine.
This method does not apply to the determination of tryptophan.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of total uronic acids by High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography coupled with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD) after acid hydrolysis of the samples for algae and algae products. It specifies a method for the determination in one single analysis of mannuronic, glucuronic and guluronic acids in brown seaweed, and mannuronic and guluronic acids in alginate products. The sum of the individual uronic acid values is used for determining the total uronic acid content.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes the application of Kjeldahl and Dumas methods for the determination of nitrogen content in algae and their relevant products.
The method was initially tested and evaluated on the algae species Nannochloropsis sp. and Palmaria palmata. The study validated this document for both algae species. This method can also be used for other algae species.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document encompasses the determination of the fatty acid profile in algae and algae products, thereby including micro- and macroalgae, according to the definitions adopted by CEN. This determination enables that all fatty acids present at a significant level (> 1 % of the total fatty acids) in the algal matrix are quantified in an accurate and reproducible way. The concentration of each fatty acid will be available in relative (in %) and, by means of an appropriate internal standard, absolute (mg/g dw) terms. Moreover, the method described in this standard ensures a practical and safe technical approach, whose protocol details and all related know-how will be easily and economically transferrable to all the sector stakeholders. This document ensures this objective by a comprehensive and fully detailed description of all technical steps from the sample itself (including its state and form) to the gas chromatographic technique and the calculation of the fatty acid content. The wording avoids any risk of ambiguity or wrong interpretation. Finally, this methodological standard will be informed by other equivalent standards applied to other matrices and will take into account other standards concerning specific treatment or extractive procedure of the sample prior to the fatty acid analysis itself.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes a method for determining the amino acid profile of algal biomass.
It specifies a method for the determination, in one single analysis, of the following amino acids: alanine, arginine, aspartic acid (combined with asparagine), cystine (dimer of cysteine, combined with cysteine), glutamic acid (combined with glutamine), glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, proline, serine, threonine, tyrosine and valine.
This method does not apply to the determination of tryptophan. The existing draft standard ISO/DIS 4214 – Milk and milk products – Determination of amino acids in infant formula and other dairy products will be evaluated and adapted.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the extraction and determination procedures for the phycobiliproteins C-phycocyanin (C-PC) and the complementary pigment allophycocyanin (APC) from dry samples of species belonging to the genus Arthrospira (Cyanobacteria, Cyanoprokaryota or blue-green algae)(nowadays referred to Limnospira, [1]), and commercially known as Spirulina. This document enables laboratories analysing Arthrospira samples to report accurate C-PC and APC concentrations and yields.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of total uronic acids by High Performance Anion Exchange Chromatography coupled with Pulsed Amperometric Detection (HPAEC-PAD) after acid hydrolysis of the samples for algae and algae products. It specifies a method for the determination in one single analysis of mannuronic, glucuronic and guluronic acids in brown seaweed, and mannuronic and guluronic acids in alginate products. The sum of the individual uronic acid values is used for determining the total uronic acid content.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes a method for the determination of inorganic arsenic in algae and algae products by anion-exchange HPLC-ICP-MS following water bath extraction. The method is specifically designed for seaweeds containing inorganic arsenic and arsenosugar 408 (i.e. sulfate-arsinoylriboside). The peaks of inorganic arsenic and arsenosugar 408 are separated by gradient elution.
The method was initially tested and evaluated on the algae species Ascophyllum nodosum, Fucus vesiculosus and Saccharina latissima. Given the limited number of participating laboratories in the interlaboratory studies, this document is only validated for Ascophyllum nodosum and Saccharina latissima, but it can also be used for other algae species.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes the application of Kjeldahl and Dumas methods for the determination of nitrogen content in algae and their relevant products.
The method was initially tested and evaluated on the algae species Nannochloropsis sp. and Palmaria palmata. The study validated this document for both algae species. This method can also be used for other algae species.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides requirements and guidelines for comparing the life cycles of bio-based products with their fossil-based equivalents.
NOTE The term "equivalents" generally refers to the "functional equivalence".
This document builds on existing LCA methodology and provides requirements and guidance on specific topics relevant for making well-balanced comparisons.
- Standard64 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides requirements and guidelines for comparing the life cycles of bio-based products with their fossil-based equivalents.
NOTE The term "equivalents" generally refers to the "functional equivalence".
This document builds on existing LCA methodology and provides requirements and guidance on specific topics relevant for making well-balanced comparisons.
- Standard64 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of chlorophyll a content in algae. The method was initially tested and evaluated on the microalgae species Nannochloropsis sp. and a heat treated algal product tomato soup with Nannochloropsis sp. supplement, and the macro algae species Ulva sp., Furcellaria lumbricalis, and Saccharina latissima. During an Interlaboratory Trial the method was tested on the microalgae species Nannochloropsis sp. and the macro algae species Saccharina latissima. The microalgae species Nannochloropsis sp. and Phaodactlylum sp. and the macro algae species Ulva sp. and Saccharina latissima were tested in a Round Robin test. This document is only validated for chlorophyll a, but it can be used for other chlorophylls as well.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of chlorophyll a content in algae. The method was initially tested and evaluated on the microalgae species Nannochloropsis sp. and a heat treated algal product tomato soup with Nannochloropsis sp. supplement, and the macro algae species Ulva sp., Furcellaria lumbricalis, and Saccharina latissima. During an Interlaboratory Trial the method was tested on the microalgae species Nannochloropsis sp. and the macro algae species Saccharina latissima. The microalgae species Nannochloropsis sp. and Phaodactlylum sp. and the macro algae species Ulva sp. and Saccharina latissima were tested in a Round Robin test. This document is only validated for chlorophyll a, but it can be used for other chlorophylls as well.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the terms related to functions, products, and properties of algae and algae products. In order to better pack the methodologies, algae are regarded as a functional group of organisms consisting of microalgae, macroalgae, cyanobacteria and Labyrinthulomycetes.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the terms related to functions, products, and properties of algae and algae products. In order to better pack the methodologies, algae are regarded as a functional group of organisms consisting of microalgae, macroalgae, cyanobacteria and Labyrinthulomycetes.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies methods for the measurement of energy content and main elements balances of algae from cultivation or from wild growth and algae products to provide biomass, intended for renewable algal raw material used as bioenergy and in bio-based products.
This document also specifies carbon source parameters specific to algae as bio-based and it is applicable to studies covering algae production life cycle assessment (LCA) e.g. algal biomass farming or wild collection.
This document does not apply to methods of algae and algae products sampling, harvesting and pre/postprocessing.
This document does not apply to algae and algae products intended for the food and feed sector.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies methods for the measurement of energy content and main elements balances of algae from cultivation or from wild growth and algae products to provide biomass, intended for renewable algal raw material used as bioenergy and in bio-based products.
This document also specifies carbon source parameters specific to algae as bio-based and it is applicable to studies covering algae production life cycle assessment (LCA) e.g. algal biomass farming or wild collection.
This document does not apply to methods of algae and algae products sampling, harvesting and pre/postprocessing.
This document does not apply to algae and algae products intended for the food and feed sector.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a set of principles and rules that algae producers, algae products industries, laboratories or other entities that collect algae and algae products samples can follow for the definition of their own sampling programs and sampling protocols.
In the context of this document, algae are a functional group that include microalgae, macroalgae, cyanobacteria and Labyrinthulomycetes.
As algae and their production processes are so diverse, this document does not define a specific sampling program and/or a specific sampling protocol. Instead, this document specifies the aspects that can be considered when defining its own sampling program and protocol.
This document describes when, where and how to draw a representative sample. For guidance on sample preparation of dry and wet samples of micro- and macroalgae, and algae products, please refer to EN 17605.
This document is to be used for the collection of samples for lot characterization for commercial or legal/regulatory purposes. However, this document can also be used for any type of sampling of algae, including samples for quality control during production.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a set of principles and rules that algae producers, algae products industries, laboratories or other entities that collect algae and algae products samples can follow for the definition of their own sampling programs and sampling protocols.
In the context of this document, algae are a functional group that include microalgae, macroalgae, cyanobacteria and Labyrinthulomycetes.
As algae and their production processes are so diverse, this document does not define a specific sampling program and/or a specific sampling protocol. Instead, this document specifies the aspects that can be considered when defining its own sampling program and protocol.
This document describes when, where and how to draw a representative sample. For guidance on sample preparation of dry and wet samples of micro- and macroalgae, and algae products, please refer to EN 17605.
This document is to be used for the collection of samples for lot characterization for commercial or legal/regulatory purposes. However, this document can also be used for any type of sampling of algae, including samples for quality control during production.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of the total lipid content in micro- and macroalgae by the Ryckebosch-Foubert method.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a laboratory method for the determination of the total lipid content in micro- and macroalgae by the Ryckebosch-Foubert method.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the sample preparation of dry and wet samples of algae and algae products. This document enables laboratories analysing algae samples to report accurate dry weight percentages and to obtain representative samples possible for further examination.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes product specifications, product characteristics and other relevant information for algae and algae products for food, nutraceutical and animal feed applications. This document is a general overview of available limits, procedures and analytical methods applicable to algae and algae products used for food and feed applications.
This document does not apply to pharmaceutical, cosmetics, fertilizer/biostimulants, chemical and biofuel applications.
- Technical report42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes product specifications, product characteristics and other relevant information for algae and algae products for food, nutraceutical and animal feed applications. This document is a general overview of available limits, procedures and analytical methods applicable to algae and algae products used for food and feed applications.
This document does not apply to pharmaceutical, cosmetics, fertilizer/biostimulants, chemical and biofuel applications.
- Technical report42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the sample preparation of dry and wet samples of algae and algae products. This document enables laboratories analysing algae samples to report accurate dry weight percentages and to obtain representative samples possible for further examination.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the detection and identification of microalgae, macroalgae, cyanobacteria and Labyrinthulomycetes by using morphological methods and/or molecular methods.
The morphological methods in this document are applicable to harvested wet biomass and to harvested dried unground biomass from microalgae, macroalgae, cyanobacteria and Labyrinthulomycetes that have been grown and/or harvested for further processing and/or use.
The molecular methods in this document are applicable to harvested wet biomass and to harvested dried and/or ground biomass from microalgae, macroalgae, cyanobacteria and Labyrinthulomycetes that have been grown and/or harvested for further processing and/or use.
This document describes a toolbox, consisting of several identification methods that can be chosen according to the applicability and purpose of the identification:
- morphological methods based on observation and referring to scientific literature on taxonomy:
- macroscopic identification;
- light microscopic identification.
- molecular methods for sequencing and blasting of sequences:
- 16S rDNA sequencing;
- 18S rDNA sequencing;
- rbcL DNA sequencing;
- ITS sequencing;
- COX1 gene sequencing;
- tufA gene sequencing.
This document does not deal with genetic purity of the biomass or quantification of the identified taxa.
This document is not suitable for the analysis of highly processed biomass with highly degraded DNA where the fragments’ length are not sufficient for amplification of the targets and the morphological characteristics cannot be assessed.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the methods to be used for the determination of productivity of algae growth sites.
This document excludes methods for sampling, harvesting and pre-/postprocessing. Excluded as well is “wild growth”, which is defined as algae growing in nature without human interference except when harvesting the algae.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The purpose of this document is to provide an overview on how quality indicating parameters for algae and algae products and intermediates relevant for chemical and bioenergy applications can be handled and to identify the need for future standards development for chemicals, bioenergy and biofuels applications.
This document does not provide instructions on handling of technical requirements in existing legislations.
- Technical report54 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The purpose of this document is to provide an overview on how quality indicating parameters for algae and algae products and intermediates relevant for chemical and bioenergy applications can be handled and to identify the need for future standards development for chemicals, bioenergy and biofuels applications.
This document does not provide instructions on handling of technical requirements in existing legislations.
- Technical report54 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document sets requirements for bio-based surfactants in terms of properties, limits, application classes and test methods. It lays down the characteristics and details for assessment of bio-based surfactants as to whether they:
- are fit for purpose in terms of performance related properties;
- comply with the requirements regarding the health, safety and environment which apply to general surfactants;
- are derived from a certain minimum percentage of biomass;
- comply with at least similar sustainability criteria as comparable (non-bio-based) surfactants.
The criteria of the regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) [13] also apply to bio-based surfactants.
NOTE EN 16575 defines the term "bio-based" as derived from biomass and clarifies that "bio-based" does not imply "biodegradable". In addition, "biodegradable" does not necessarily imply the use of "bio-based" material.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the methods to be used for the determination of productivity of algae growth sites.
This document excludes methods for sampling, harvesting and pre-/postprocessing. Excluded as well is “wild growth”, which is defined as algae growing in nature without human interference except when harvesting the algae.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the detection and identification of microalgae, macroalgae, cyanobacteria and Labyrinthulomycetes by using morphological methods and/or molecular methods.
The morphological methods in this document are applicable to harvested wet biomass and to harvested dried unground biomass from microalgae, macroalgae, cyanobacteria and Labyrinthulomycetes that have been grown and/or harvested for further processing and/or use.
The molecular methods in this document are applicable to harvested wet biomass and to harvested dried and/or ground biomass from microalgae, macroalgae, cyanobacteria and Labyrinthulomycetes that have been grown and/or harvested for further processing and/or use.
This document describes a toolbox, consisting of several identification methods that can be chosen according to the applicability and purpose of the identification:
- morphological methods based on observation and referring to scientific literature on taxonomy:
- macroscopic identification;
- light microscopic identification.
- molecular methods for sequencing and blasting of sequences:
- 16S rDNA sequencing;
- 18S rDNA sequencing;
- rbcL DNA sequencing;
- ITS sequencing;
- COX1 gene sequencing;
- tufA gene sequencing.
This document does not deal with genetic purity of the biomass or quantification of the identified taxa.
This document is not suitable for the analysis of highly processed biomass with highly degraded DNA where the fragments’ length are not sufficient for amplification of the targets and the morphological characteristics cannot be assessed.
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The stable isotope ratios of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen can be used to obtain information about the origin of bio-based feedstock and characteristics of production processes of bio-based products. However, no or limited attention for the use of the elements nitrogen and sulphur is given in this document due to the fact that these applications are not yet available.
This Technical Report provides an overview of existing applications of isotope ratio analysis of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen that are relevant to the analysis of bio-based feedstocks, products and production processes
- Technical report31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The stable isotope ratios of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen can be used to obtain information about the origin of bio-based feedstock and characteristics of production processes of bio-based products. However, no or limited attention for the use of the elements nitrogen and sulphur is given in this document due to the fact that these applications are not yet available.
This Technical Report provides an overview of existing applications of isotope ratio analysis of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen that are relevant to the analysis of bio-based feedstocks, products and production processes
- Technical report31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives an overview of recommendations on product specifications, and other relevant information, for algae and algae products for cosmetics industry.
This document does not apply to food and feed applications.
This document does not provide instructions on handling of technical requirements in existing legislations.
- Technical report41 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives an overview of recommendations on product specifications, and other relevant information, for algae and algae products for pharmaceutical applications.
This document does not apply to food and feed applications.
This document does not provide instructions on handling of technical requirements in existing legislations.
- Technical report39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The aim of this document is to summarize the actual situation regarding many aspects regarding bio-based surfactants and their relation to any other surfactant regardless of its origin. It will describe existing raw material sources with regard to their current usage in surface active agents, their source identification and conformation, and the options for communication same.
It also includes the current work on surfactants regarding their performances, their sustainability, the LCA approaches and end of life options.
- Technical report19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a direct method for the determination of the total oxygen content in bio-based products using an elemental analyser. The scope is limited to products containing elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chloride, bromide and iodide without fluoride, representing at least 95 % of the composition of the product to be analysed.
NOTE 1 Bio-based materials can contain both organic and inorganic components. The oxygen content might originate both from the organic and/or the inorganic components. The inorganic components are not bio-based but will nevertheless contribute to the amount of oxygen determined by the following prescribed methods and therefore influence the results in terms of oxygen content. According to the current state of the art, it is not possible by isotopic measurements to establish a distinction between oxygen originating from biomass and oxygen originating from non-biomass.
NOTE 2 Although this document has been drafted for the purpose of the determinations dealing with bio-based content, it can be also used as a standalone standard for determination of oxygen in organic compounds.
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the unit "% (m/m)" is used to represent the oxygen content of a material.
NOTE 4 The method specified in this document involves a direct measurement method for the determination of oxygen content. This method contains many similarities with the ASTM D5622 [1] standard for gasoline and methanol fuels. The method specified in this document is specifically developed and validated for bio-based products. In addition, this method provides more accurate and unadulterated measured values for oxygen in contrast to indirect measurement methods for the determination of oxygen (e.g. ASTM D 3176 [2]).
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides guidelines and criteria to follow when selecting reference scenarios, utilizing science-based measurable indicators, to facilitate a transparent and replicable comparison.
1.1.1 It is a common desire for decision makers, researchers, and others to assess the effects of bioproducts. Such assessments inherently require the comparison of conditions under a system with the bioproduct (test scenario) to a system without the bioproduct (the reference scenario).
1.1.2 This practice is applicable, but not limited to, life-cycle assessments (LCA), sustainability analyses, and techno-economic assessments (TEA).
1.2 This practice provides consistent terminology for use with the test and reference scenario. The terminology used in this practice may be used in other documents and by other practitioners with alternate definitions.
1.3 This practice is applicable whenever the test or reference scenario involves biomass directly or energy or industrial chemicals from biomass.
1.4 This practice provides guidelines for developing and documenting reference scenarios that represent the best available data and projections for what is expected to occur in the absence of the biomass-based test scenario to be evaluated.
1.5 The practice is applicable to:
1.5.1 Reviews and evaluations of the suitability of the reference scenario selected for an existing study or comparison.
1.5.2 All biomass-based production systems and materials, including forestry, agriculture, algae, co-products, and wastes.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish language
This document specifies a direct method for the determination of the total oxygen content in bio-based products using an elemental analyser. The scope is limited to products containing elements carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, chloride, bromide and iodide without fluoride, representing at least 95 % of the composition of the product to be analysed.
NOTE 1 Bio-based materials can contain both organic and inorganic components. The oxygen content might originate both from the organic and/or the inorganic components. The inorganic components are not bio-based but will nevertheless contribute to the amount of oxygen determined by the following prescribed methods and therefore influence the results in terms of oxygen content. According to the current state of the art, it is not possible by isotopic measurements to establish a distinction between oxygen originating from biomass and oxygen originating from non-biomass.
NOTE 2 Although this document has been drafted for the purpose of the determinations dealing with bio-based content, it can be also used as a standalone standard for determination of oxygen in organic compounds.
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the unit "% (m/m)" is used to represent the oxygen content of a material.
NOTE 4 The method specified in this document involves a direct measurement method for the determination of oxygen content. This method contains many similarities with the ASTM D5622 [1] standard for gasoline and methanol fuels. The method specified in this document is specifically developed and validated for bio-based products. In addition, this method provides more accurate and unadulterated measured values for oxygen in contrast to indirect measurement methods for the determination of oxygen (e.g. ASTM D 3176 [2]).
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers biomass derived, undenatured ethanol intended for use in industrial applications such as adhesives, detergents, inks, chemicals, plastics, paints, thinners, etc.
1.2 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations.
1.3 Undenatured ethanol has many regulatory limitations that cover the production, trading, transporting, distributing, wholesale and retail sale, and use of undenatured ethanol; this specification does not purport to address the regulatory compliance aspects of these activities.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish language
This document specifies the vocabulary, methods for characterization, and templates for reporting about bio-based polymers, plastics, and plastics products (including semi-finished plastics products and composites).
In particular this document covers: terminology, bio-based content, bio-based carbon content, Life Cycle Assessment, sustainability aspects, and declaration tools.
Biocompatible polymers and plastics for medical applications covered by specific provisions are out of the scope of this document.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides examples of business to business (B2B) reporting in accordance with EN 16751 Bio-based products -Sustainability criteria. This Technical Report also offers some additional guidance to the user of EN 16751.
- Technical report39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides examples of business to business (B2B) reporting in accordance with EN 16751 Bio-based products -Sustainability criteria. This Technical Report also offers some additional guidance to the user of EN 16751.
- Technical report39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 16785 specifies a method of determining the bio-based content in products using the material balance applied to a representative product batch in a production unit.
This European Standard is applicable to any solid, liquid and gaseous bio-based product containing carbon, obtained by chemical synthesis, mixing or assembling, provided that:
- for a product batch, the composition of the product and the bio-based content of each input, output and loss in the production unit are known; and
- the bio-based content of the product is verifiable by analysis.
This method incorporates only the physical parts of the input and output stream as present in the final product, and does not incorporate material inputs for the energy to be used during the production process.
This method is not needed for the determination of the bio-based content in natural products wholly derived from biomass.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard sets the requirements for bio-based solvents in terms of their bio-based content, their technical properties and test methods. It lays down the characteristics and details for assessment of bio-based solvents that:
- are fit for purpose in terms of performance related properties;
- comply with the health, safety and environmental requirements which apply generally to solvents; and
- are derived from biomass.
This European Standard specifies solvent classes, based on the percentage of bio-based carbon content and bio-based content.
NOTE EN 16575 defines the term "bio-based" as derived from biomass and clarifies that "bio-based" does not imply "biodegradable". In addition, "biodegradable" does not necessarily imply the use of "bio-based" material.
In addition, this document sets requirements on information to be provided regarding sustainability aspects.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day