71.100.40 - Surface active agents
ICS 71.100.40 Details
Surface active agents
Waschmittel. Tenside. Oberflachenaktive Stoffe
Agents de surface
Površinsko aktivna sredstva
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 71.100.40 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Surface active agents". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 516 standards classified under ICS 71.100.40 (Surface active agents). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies a potentiometric method for the determination of the chloride content in soaps, with or without other surface-active agents, and also in compounded products. The method is applicable for chloride mass fractions between 0,01 % to 1,0 %.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice will be used most frequently to sample materials as received from the manufacturer in the original shipping container and prior to any resin-conditioning procedure. Since certain ion-exchange materials are supplied by the manufacturer in the dry or free-flowing state whereas others are supplied moist, it is necessary to employ two different sampling devices. Therefore, this practice is divided into Sampling Procedure—Dry or Free-Flowing Material (Section 8), and Sampling Procedure—Moist Material (Section 9).
5.2 Once the sample is obtained, it is necessary to protect the ion-exchange materials from changes. Samples should be placed in sealable, gasproof containers immediately.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices2 cover procedures for obtaining representative samples of ion-exchange materials. The following practices are included:
Sections
Practice A—Sampling from a Single Package and
Multiple Package Lots or Shipments
4 to 11
Practice B—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
Equipment Having Unrestricted Head Room
12 to 16
Practice C—Sampling from Fixed Bed Ion-Exchange
Equipment Having Restricted Head Room
17 to 21
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The guide can be used to compare anti-redeposition performance of products; however, there is no confirmed basis for correlation of this controlled laboratory technique with consumers’ ranking of anti-redeposition performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides direction for measuring the ability of detergents to prevent the deposition of soils from detergent solutions onto fabrics. It is intended as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of detergent products, for quality control, and as a basis between the purchaser and seller in standardizing specific products' performance.
1.2 The anti-soil deposition performance of detergent products will vary greatly depending on the type of soils and fabrics used in the test. Therefore, selection of the soils, fabrics, reference detergents, and test conditions shall be made by agreement between the interested parties on the basis of experience.
1.3 There is no single or combination of oily soils or particulate soils, or both, that will precisely predict overall the performance of a product or treatment with respect to anti-redeposition as perceived by a consumer. This guide is intended to assess or compare detergent performance with respect to the anti-redeposition performance for the specific soil chosen.
1.4 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material safety data sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The methods in this guide can be used for screening of fabric softener products or to evaluate their performance, through a single cycle or multiple accumulative cycles, relative to a designated reference product or a comparative product(s).
5.2 A single assessment of each of the product characteristics tested by these methods will not predict overall performance of the softener product. A single test run under specified fixed conditions cannot be expected to reflect the comparative performance under many other possible conditions of use.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide evaluates the performance characteristics of fabric softener products. It provides guidance for evaluating the on fabric efficacy of treatment chemicals dosed into the wash, rinse, or dryer cycle in a home laundry washer or dryer. This guide can be used for screening of fabric softener products, or to evaluate the products through multiple accumulative cycles.
1.2 The relative ranking of products assessed by these procedures may be affected by such factors as machine type and settings, fabric load composition, as well as by the washing and drying procedures used.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of the efficiency of ordinary commercial wetting agents using the skein test. It is applicable under limited and controlled conditions, but does not necessarily yield information correlating with specific end uses. The apparatus is comprised of a hook of standard weight depending on the concentration of the wetting agents and an anchor which shall be a flat, cylindrical, lead slug of specific dimensions. The reagents shall consist of water, acid and base test solutions, and wetting agent. The average of at least four determinations of the sinking time for each concentration of wetting agent shall be obtained and presented in plots with logarithmic coordinates. Standard deviation based on six replicate determinations shall also be calculated for precision.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2,3 covers the determination of the efficiency of ordinary commercial wetting agents as defined in Terminology D459. This test method is applicable under limited and controlled conditions, but does not necessarily yield information correlating with specific end uses.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This guide details the standard procedures for the preparation of aqueous solutions of soaps and detergents and the determination of their pH. The required reagent for this procedure is distilled water or its equivalent, and the recommended electrodes for the determination of pH are the Fischer Accuphast combination electrode or Orion Ross Sure Flow electrode or their equivalents.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the preparation of aqueous solutions of soaps and detergents and the determination of their pH.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
2.1 This test method is intended for use in the determination of the saponification value of fats and oils used in the manufacture of fat liquors for the purpose of quality assurance.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the saponification value of fats and oils.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
These test methods detail the standard procedures for the chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents. The analytical procedures include the determination of the following chemical properties and substances: moisture and other matter volatile at a specified temperature; free alkali or free acid; anhydrous, salt-free soda soap; alcohol-soluble matter; matter insoluble in water; total alkalinity of matter insoluble in alcohol (alkaline salts); sodium silicate; phosphates; phosphates by colorimetric method using molybdenum blue); unsaponified and unsaponifiable matter; free fatty matter; chlorides in alcohol-soluble matter; rosin by McNicoll method; synthetic detergent by difference; and neutral inorganic salts.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the chemical analysis of soaps containing synthetic detergents.
1.2 The analytical procedures appear in the following order:
Sections
Moisture and Other Matter Volatile at 105°C (Oven Method)
5 and 6
Free Alkali or Free Acid
7 and 8
Anhydrous, Salt-Free, Soda Soap
9 – 12
Alcohol-Soluble Matter
13 and 14
Matter Insoluble in Water
15 and 15
Total Alkalinity of Matter Insoluble in Alcohol (Alkaline Salts)
16 and 17
Sodium Silicate
18 – 20
Phosphates
21 – 28
Phosphate (Colorimetric Method Using Molybdenum Blue)
29 – 34
Unsaponified and Unsaponifiable Matter
35 – 39
Free Fatty Matter
40
Chlorides in Alcohol-Soluble Matter
41 – 43
Rosin (McNicoll Method)
44 – 47
Synthetic Detergent (by Difference)
48
Neutral, Inorganic Salts
49
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of paste, powder, or liquid detergent fatty alkyl sulfates. The different procedure for sampling and chemical analysis of past, powder, or liquid detergent are presented and discussed in details. Distillation test, titration test, and gravimetric test shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed. The calculations methods for chlorides as sodium chloride are presented in details.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the sampling and chemical analysis of paste, powder, or liquid detergent fatty alkyl sulfates.
1.2 The procedures for sampling and analysis appear in the following order:
Sections
Sampling:
Powders and Flakes Packed in Cans or Cartons
4
Powders and Flakes in Bulk
5
Liquids
6
Pastes
7
Preparation of Sample
8
Moisture by the Distillation Test Method
11 – 14
pH
15
Alkalinity
16 – 19
Alcohol-Soluble Matter
20 – 22
Alcohol-Insoluble Matter
23 and 24
Unsulfated Material
25 – 28
Combined Alcohols
29 – 32
Ester SO3:
Method A. Titration Test Method
36 and 37
Sections
Ester SO3:
Method B. Gravimetric Test Method
38 and 39
Sodium Sulfate
40 – 43
Chlorides Calculated as Sodium Chloride (NaCl)
44 – 47
1.3 The values stated in either inch-pound or SI units are to be regarded separately as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents. These detergents include caustic soda, soda ash, modified soda (sequicarbonate type), sodium bicarbonate, sodium metasilicate, trisodium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, borax, and sodium triphosphate. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of the detergents: total alkalinity, matter insoluble in water content, apparent density, ignition loss, pH level, turbidity, temperature rise, and particle size. Chemical analysis of the samples shall be performed by using either reverse-flow ion-exchange chromatography or paper chromatography.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for the sampling and chemical analysis of inorganic alkaline detergents.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
Sections
Caustic Soda:
Sampling
5
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)
6 – 8
Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)
9 – 11
Carbonate as Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)
12
Carbon Dioxide (CO2) by the Evolution Method
13 – 16
Soda Ash:
Sampling
17
Matter Volatile at 150 °C to 155 °C
18 and 19
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3 )
20 – 22
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
23 – 25
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) by Potentiometric Titration
26 – 28
Matter Insoluble in Water
29 and 30
Apparent Density
31 and 32
Modified Soda (Sequicarbonate Type):
Sampling
33
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)
34 – 36
Sodium Bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3)
37 – 39
Matter Insoluble in Water
40
Sodium Bicarbonate:
Sampling
41
Sodium Bicarbonate, Sodium Carbonate, and Free Moisture
42 – 45
Matter Insoluble in Water
46
Sodium Metasilicate, Sodium Sesquisilicate and Sodium Orthosil- icate:
Sampling
47
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)
48 – 50
Total Silica as SiO2
51 – 53
Sodium Metasilicate (Na2SiO3·5H2O)
54
Sodium Sesquisilicate (3Na2O·2SiO2·11H2O)
55
Matter Insoluble in Water
56 and 57
Loss on Ignition of Sodium Sesquisilicate (3Na2O·2SiO2 ·11H2O)
58 and 59
Sodium Orthosilicate (Na4SiO4)
60
Trisodium Phosphate:
Sampling
61
Trisodium Phosphate (Na3PO4) Content and Phosphorus Pentoxide (P2O5)
62 – 64
Trisodium Phosphate Calculated as Na3PO4·12H2O, Na3PO4· H2O, Na3PO4, and as P2O5
65 – 68
Total Alkalinity as Sodium Oxide (Na2O)
69 – 71
Matter Insoluble in Water
72 and 73
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate:
Sampling
74
Tetrasodium Pyrophosphate
(Na4P2O7)
75 – 79
Matter Insoluble in Water
80 and 81
Loss on Ignition
82 and 83
Borax:
Sampling
84
Total Borate and Excess Alkalinity or Acidity
85 – 87
Matter Insoluble in Water
88 and 89
Sodium Triphosphate:
Sampling
90
Tritratable Na2O
91 – 94
Total P2O5:
Preferred Method
95 – 97
Alternative Method
98 – 101
pH Titration
102 – 107
Quantitative Separation and Measurement of Various Phosphates:
Reverse-Flow Ion-Exchange Chromatography (Preferred Method)
108 – 119
Paper Chromatographic Method
120 – 127
pH of 1 percent Solution
128
Turbidity
129
Temperature Rise
130 – 134
Sulfate
135 – 137
Ignition Loss
140 and 141
Matter Insoluble in Water
142 – 144
Particle Size
145
Orthophosphate
146 – 151
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of th...
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The cloud point temperature is a reproducible characteristic of certain pure nonionic surfactants. It is also characteristic of certain nonionic surfactant formulated systems. This test method is appropriate for both systems.
Note 1: If the transition from a distinctly cloudy to a clear solution is not sharp, that is, if it does not take place within a range of 1 °C, this test method is not appropriate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the “cloud point” of nonionic surfactants or detergent systems. Cloud Point is the temperature at which dissolved components (solids or liquids) are no longer completely soluble, precipating as a second phase giving the fluid a cloudy appearance. It is limited to those surfactants and detergent systems for which the visible solubility change occurs over a range of 1 °C or less at concentrations of 0.5 % to 1.0 % in DI water between 30 °C and 95 °C.
1.2 Chemical Limitations—Nonionic surfactants that exhibit a characteristic cloud point in general terms consist of a water-in-soluble moiety condensed with 50 % to 75 % by weight of ethylene oxide. If the level of ethoxylation is too low the surfactant may not be water soluble at temperatures less than 30 °C, and if it is too high no cloud point may exist.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The guide, as now constituted, is not suitable for ranking of hand dishwashing products, since no basis is available at this time for correlation of the foam stability of these products using any particular food soil or combination of soils with consumers' ranking of performance.
3.2 The relative foam stability ranking of hand dishwashing detergent products will vary greatly depending on the type of food soils used in the test. Therefore, selection of the standard food soil to be used in a test shall be made by agreement between the interested parties on the basis of experience.
3.3 This laboratory screening guide includes flexibility in several areas so as to allow its use by the maximum number of laboratories, without purchase of significant additional equipment. It should be recognized, therefore, that differences in specific equipment may result in a reduced level of interlaboratory and inter-operator precision, and such results must be evaluated with caution.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides guidelines for several techniques of measuring the foam stability of light-duty hand dishwashing detergent products in the presence of artificially applied test-food soils. It is intended as a laboratory screening test to aid in the formulation of products, for quality control and as a basis between the formulator and supplier in standardizing foam stability of the detergents.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method assures that the particle size of soaps and detergents conforms to specifications having to do with density and packaging, among others. It also offers a means of controlling the amount of potentially hazardous very low particle size material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the particle size of soaps and other detergents by hand sieving and machine sieving methods.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the chemical analysis of sulfonated and sulfated oils. Water by distillation with volatile solvent and moisture and volatile matter by hot-plate shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. Titration test, extraction-titration test, and ash-gravimetric test shall be performed to meet the requirements specified. Total desulfated fatty matter, total active ingredients, unsaponifiable non-volatile matter, inorganic salts, total alkalinity, and total ammonia shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. In the absence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps test method, brine test method, and in the presence of ammonium or triethanolamine soaps test method shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed. Water-immiscible organic solvents volatile with steam shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of sulfonated and sulfated oils. The analytical procedures appear in the following order:
Section
Moisture:
Test Method A. Water by Distillation with Volatile Solvent
4 – 9
Test Method B. Moisture and Volatile Matter by Hot-Plate Method
10 – 14
Organically Combined Sulfuric Anhydride:
Test Method A. Titration Test
15 – 19
Test Method B. Extraction-Titration Test
20 – 24
Test Method C. Ash-Gravimetric Test (in the Presence of True
Sulfonates)
25 – 28
Total Desulfated Fatty Matter
29 – 32
Total Active Ingredients
33 – 36
Unsaponifiable Nonvolatile Matter
37 – 41
Inorganic Salts
42 – 46
Total Alkalinity
47 – 49
Total Ammonia
50 – 52
Acidity as Free Fatty Acids or Acid Number:
Test Method A. In the Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps
53 – 56
Test Method B. In the Presence of Dark Colored Oils but in the
Absence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps (Brine Test)
57 – 60
Test Method C. In the Presence of Ammonium or Triethanolamine Soaps
61 – 63
Water-Immiscible Organic Solvents Volatile with Steam
64 – 70
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This test method covers the determination of foaming properties of surface-active agents. Glass tubing apparatus for this test method shall include pipet and a receiver. Apparatus requirements like dimensions, shape, calibration marks, rubber stoppers, etc., shall conform to the specifications as indicated in this standard method. Test solution preparation shall include water preheating, adding the surface-active agent while stirring, and solution aging. Test procedure for foaming properties determination shall be done while surface-active solution is aging as indicated in this standard test method. Report shall include test solution concentration, temperature, water hardness, and foam height.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the foaming properties of surface-active agents as defined in Terminology D459. This test method is applicable under limited and controlled conditions, but does not necessarily yield information correlating with specific end uses. This method is subjected to the operator of the method as the foam heights are not always level and an average height is determined by the user so it is more of a qualitative measurement in these instances. However, for foam measurements results taken on more flat uniform samples this method has more of a quantitative quality.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SCOPE
1.1 The guide provides information and clarity to support the health and maintenance of Marine Sanitation Devices (MSDs) on maritime vessels and platforms to promote effective operations and performance throughout the lifecycle. This includes identification of chemicals and their derivatives that can be detrimental to proper MSD operations. This guide will promote better understanding of the impacts of certain chemicals on the health and operations of MSD systems, plus provide guidance to inform operators of best practices and procedures for effective operations and maintenance. This guide is designed to assist both operators and MSD Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) in collaboratively working to ensure effective operations and maintenance, and to reduce performance degradations that result from the introduction of harmful chemicals. The primary application of this guide is to Type II MSDs (described in Section 4), installed on larger ships and employing biological treatment of sewage and gray water.
Note 1: This guide does not constitute regulations or ship classification society rules, which should be consulted where applicable.
1.2 Manufacturers preparing new product specifications or revising existing ones should follow the practices and procedures outlined herein, and be guided by the latest specifications covering similar commodities. Similarly, vessel owner/operators should consult this guide regarding in-service operations and maintenance.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide information that may be considered when selecting and qualifying a cleaning agent for oxygen-enriched systems.
3.2 Insufficient cleanliness can result in the ignition of contaminants or components by a variety of mechanisms. Therefore, an acceptable level of contamination for each condition of use in oxygen-enriched service should be defined. The acceptable level of contamination may depend on various factors, such as:
3.2.1 The nature and type of the contaminants,
3.2.2 The location and degree of contamination,
3.2.3 The type of substrate material,
3.2.4 The configuration and end use of the equipment or part to be cleaned, and
3.2.5 The operating parameters of the oxygen-enriched system (pressure, temperature, phase, concentration, fluid velocity, etc.).
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to establish a procedure to select cleaning agents, both solvents and water-based detergents, for oxygen-enriched systems. This includes laboratory-scale tests for cleaning effectiveness, materials compatibility, and oxygen compatibility.
1.2 The effectiveness of a particular cleaning agent depends upon the method by which it is used, the nature and type of the contaminants, and the characteristics of the article being cleaned, such as size, shape, and material. Final evaluation of the cleaning agent should include testing of actual products and production processes.
1.3 Different cleaning agents may be required for different cleaning activities, such as aqueous ultrasonic cleaning, spray cleaning, hand wiping, and flushing of oxygen lines in field applications.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedure can be incorporated into protocols used to evaluate test materials containing antibacterial ingredients that are intended to reduce significantly the number of organisms on intact skin. It also may be used to provide an indication of residual antibacterial activity (as in Guide E2752). Examples of test materials, for which this practice is applicable, include pre-operative skin preparations, hand-washes, surgical scrubs, acne reduction products, and others. For each type of test material, types of resident flora or surrogate organisms, or a combination thereof, may differ and should be considered (this is, aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, yeast, or mold).
5.2 The procedure may be used in protocols intended to evaluate and identify resident flora from the skin.
5.3 Performance of this technique may require the knowledge of regulations pertaining to the protection of human subjects if the protocol involves application of the technique to the skin of human subjects.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is designed to recover microorganisms from the skin of human subjects or human subject surrogates (animal skin, isolated porcine skin, human skin equivalents, and other such surfaces).
1.2 Knowledge of microbiological techniques is required for these procedures.
1.3 It is the responsibility of the investigator to determine if Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and Good Clinical Practice (GCP) is required.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document sets requirements for bio-based surfactants in terms of properties, limits, application classes and test methods. It lays down the characteristics and details for assessment of bio-based surfactants as to whether they:
- are fit for purpose in terms of performance related properties;
- comply with the requirements regarding the health, safety and environment which apply to general surfactants;
- are derived from a certain minimum percentage of biomass;
- comply with at least similar sustainability criteria as comparable (non-bio-based) surfactants.
The criteria of the regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) [13] also apply to bio-based surfactants.
NOTE EN 16575 defines the term "bio-based" as derived from biomass and clarifies that "bio-based" does not imply "biodegradable". In addition, "biodegradable" does not necessarily imply the use of "bio-based" material.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification prescribes requirements for household Liquid Laundry Detergent Packet safety to help reduce unintentional exposures to the contents of the packets, especially to children. Liquid Laundry Detergent Packets refer to single-use laundry detergent products that contain a liquid detergent enclosed in a water soluble outer layer (”pouch film”), such as laundry detergent packets in soluble film having an all-liquid content, and those containing both liquid and non-liquid components.
This specification also covers packaging and labeling requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides requirements for household Liquid Laundry Detergent Packet safety to help reduce unintentional exposures to the contents of the packets, especially to children.
1.2 This standard applies exclusively to household Liquid Laundry Detergent Packets. “Liquid Laundry Detergent Packets” are single-use laundry detergent products that contain a liquid detergent enclosed in a water soluble outer layer (“pouch film”). This includes laundry detergent packets in soluble film that contain liquid only (that is, all liquid), as well as those that contain both liquid and non-liquid components.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification16 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document sets requirements for bio-based surfactants in terms of properties, limits, application classes and test methods. It lays down the characteristics and details for assessment of bio-based surfactants as to whether they:
- are fit for purpose in terms of performance related properties;
- comply with the requirements regarding the health, safety and environment which apply to general surfactants;
- are derived from a certain minimum percentage of biomass;
- comply with at least similar sustainability criteria as comparable (non-bio-based) surfactants.
The criteria of the regulation on Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) [13] also apply to bio-based surfactants.
NOTE EN 16575 defines the term "bio-based" as derived from biomass and clarifies that "bio-based" does not imply "biodegradable". In addition, "biodegradable" does not necessarily imply the use of "bio-based" material.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The procedure is used to test the antimicrobial effectiveness of handwashing formulations. The test formulations generally are designed for frequent use to reduce the transient bacterial flora on hands. Alcohol-based hand rubs and other leave-on formulations used without the aid of water should be tested using Test Method E2755.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is designed to determine the effectiveness of antimicrobial handwashing agents for the reduction of transient microbial skin flora when used in a handwashing procedure.2
1.2 A knowledge of microbiological techniques is required for these procedures.
1.3 This test method may be used to evaluate topical antimicrobial handwash formulations.
1.4 Performance of this procedure requires the knowledge of regulations pertaining to the protection of human subjects.3
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; except for distance, in which case inches are used and metric units follow in parentheses.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.For more specific precautionary statements see 8.2.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method determines the amount of sediment in water-emulsion polishes. Sediment is generally believed to have negative effects on water-emulsion polish properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of sediment in water-emulsion polishes by means of a centrifuge.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
The aim of this document is to summarize the actual situation regarding many aspects regarding bio-based surfactants and their relation to any other surfactant regardless of its origin. It will describe existing raw material sources with regard to their current usage in surface active agents, their source identification and conformation, and the options for communication same.
It also includes the current work on surfactants regarding their performances, their sustainability, the LCA approaches and end of life options.
- Technical report19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide suggests a number of staining agents that are representative of stains commonly encountered in household laundry. The assessment need not be limited to this suggested list of stains, especially if special product types or end uses are being evaluated. This guide can be used to compare stain removal performance of products; however, there is no confirmed basis for correlation of this controlled laboratory technique with consumers’ ranking of stain removal performance.
5.2 The evaluations generated by this guide should be regarded as diagnostic screening tests that are useful in formulation studies, quality control, and ingredient raw material qualification. This guide provides considerable flexibility in choosing specific stains, washing conditions, and laboratory equipment appropriate to the objective of the evaluation. This procedural latitude may result in a reduced level of interlaboratory precision and such comparison of results must be evaluated with caution.
5.3 The procedure is applicable to all types of home laundry products including detergents, presoak and prespotter products, bleaches, and detergent boosters and is expected to be applicable to horizontal and vertical axis machines.
5.4 It is not intended for the evaluation of products or conditions normally associated with commercial laundering or dry cleaning establishments.
SCOPE
1.1 This is a guide for evaluating stain removal performance of home laundry products or home laundering conditions. It provides guidance for the selection, preparation, application, and examination of various types of stains on test fabrics that are subjected to controlled but practical stain removal treatment conditions.
1.2 There is no single combination of stain and fabric that will predict the overall performance of a product or treatment method. A single test, even with a variety of stains/fabrics, can only predict how products or treatment methods compare under the particular conditions chosen for evaluations. A series of assessments is necessary to evaluate the many aspects of stain removal performance and to simulate consumer experience more closely.
1.3 In this guide, the use of both traditional top-loader washing machines as well as front and top-loading high-efficiency washers is addressed.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Guide8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
The aim of this document is to summarize the actual situation regarding many aspects regarding bio-based surfactants and their relation to any other surfactant regardless of its origin. It will describe existing raw material sources with regard to their current usage in surface active agents, their source identification and conformation, and the options for communication same.
It also includes the current work on surfactants regarding their performances, their sustainability, the LCA approaches and end of life options.
- Technical report19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These methods provide data that are useful in evaluating the effectiveness of surface active agents in reducing surface tension. In addition, surface tension data can predict interactions between liquids and solid surfaces or other liquids and can be used to establish wetting properties of paints, solvents, and other liquids.
5.2 A number of laboratories have found the Wilhelmy plate to be easier to use, easier to clean and generally better for use with pigmented paints.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of surface tension and interfacial tension of a variety of liquid materials, including but not restricted to paints, solvents, and solutions of surface-active agents, as defined in Terminology D459. Four methods are covered as follows:
Method A—Surface Tension by du Noüy ring;
Method B—Interfacial Tension by du Noüy ring;
Method C—Surface Tension by Wilhelmy plate; and
Method D—Interfacial Tension by Wilhelmy plate.
1.2 Method A originally was written primarily to cover aqueous solutions of surface-active agents, but is also applicable to aqueous paints, nonaqueous solutions (including paints) and mixed solvent solutions.
1.3 Method B is applicable to two-phase solutions. More than one solute component may be present, including solute components that are not in themselves surface-active.
1.4 Method C is applicable to surface active liquids and, unlike du Noüy ring, no buoyancy corrections are needed and results are not affected by moderate viscosities (1-10 Pa-sec) of the liquid. It is the recommended method for use with paints and resin solutions.
1.5 Method D is applicable to two-phase solutions and mixtures.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents and materials. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of static electricity elimination (antistatic) performance. This document is applicable to fabric conditioners and antistatic agents. NOTE The differences between this document and some International Standards related to static electricity on textiles are listed in Annex B.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The purpose of these test methods is to define a procedure for evaluating the capability and effectiveness of cleaning agents to remove residues of a compound/product from surrogate surfaces (that is, coupons or beakers) of Materials of Construction. This test method also provides a procedure for determining the compatibility of cleaning agents with the Material of Construction prior to starting tests. Based on the outcome of the testing, suitable cleaning agents may be selected for further cleaning process development (see Guide D6361/D6361M).
5.2 The potential critical cleaning parameters related to the cleaning agent(s) under study may also be examined using these tests. Potentially critical cleaning parameters include cleaning agent concentration, temperature, time, pH, foaming, type and strength of ultrasonic energy or agitation (if used), and others. These parameters may be varied (for example, using Design of Experiments) to determine their potential optimal settings for actual use.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for evaluating the effectiveness and capability of cleaning agents to remove contamination to the desired level. This includes removing drug residues from manufacturing equipment and residues from medical devices (Guide E3106), as well as systems for oxygen service.
1.2 The test coupons/beakers described in this standard provide a representative surface to which contamination can be applied and tested for the ability of a cleaning agent to remove it.
1.3 This test method is a laboratory scale approximation and the actual effectiveness of a particular cleaning agent depends upon the method (temperature, agitation, concentration, etc.) in which it is used and the characteristics of the article being cleaned, such as size, shape, and material. Final evaluation of the cleaning agent should include testing of actual products and cleaning processes.
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the safety of each compound on a case-by-case basis.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is to be used by anyone developing cleaning requirements for specifications for manufacturing, maintenance, or overhaul. This guide has been designed to be application specific for each cleaning task and to assure the design engineer that the process selected by the industrial or manufacturing engineer will be compatible with both the part material and the subsequent process(es). This guide allows the industrial or manufacturing engineer to customize the selection of the cleaning product based on the materials of the part being cleaned; the cleanliness required for the subsequent process(es); and the environmental, cost, and health and safety concerns.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to assist design engineers, manufacturing/industrial engineers, and production managers in selecting the best fit cleaning agent and process. This guide takes into account environmental pollution prevention factors in a selection process.
1.2 This guide is not to be considered as a database of acceptable materials. It will guide the engineers and managers through the cleaning material selection process, calling for engineers to customize their selection based on the cleaning requirements for the cleaning tasks at hand. If a part can be cleaned, and kept clean, it can be cycled through several process steps that have cleaning requirements. This eliminates extra cleaning process steps during the total process. A total life cycle cost analysis or performance/cost of ownership study is recommended to compare the methods available.
1.3 This guide is for general industry manufacturing, equipment maintenance and remanufacturing operations, and to some extent precision cleaning of mechanical parts and assemblies. It is not intended to be used for optical, medical, or electronics applications, nor is it intended for dry-cleaning or super-critical fluid cleaning.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The test method will generally identify coolants that have a tendency to foam excessively at room temperature.
Note 1: In use, the foaming tendency of a coolant solution may be increased by service aging or contamination.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method applies to a simple shake test for evaluating the tendency of an aqueous solution of engine coolant to foam at room temperature.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the simultaneous determination of the total alkali content and the total fatty matter content of soaps (including liquid soaps), excluding compounded products.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard6 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is applicable to the analysis of new materials that are sold as mixtures and to samples taken from regenerable units containing mixtures of anion-exchanging and cation-exchanging materials. It is used to determine the ratio of the components without separating them from each other.
5.2 This test method is intended for mixtures of ion-exchange materials that have salt-splitting capacity as measured by Test Method E of Test Methods and Practices D2187 for cation-exchange resins, and Test Method H for anion-exchange resins. In the case of cation-exchange resins, these are styrene-based polymers with sulfonic acid functional groups. The anion-exchanging materials in this class are styrene-based materials with quaternary ammonium functional groups. The test method will determine the amount of anion-exchange material of any functionality present in the mixture. However, when anionic groups that are not salt-splitting are present, the values for cationic groups will be high due to the acidic character of the anion effluent. Cationic groups that do not split salts are not measured.
5.3 Samples are analyzed in this test method as received. It is not necessary that the cation-exchanging resin be in the hydrogen form and the anion-exchanging resin be in the hydroxide form for this test method.
5.4 This test method may be used to determine if new materials are balanced to meet their specification values. In operating regenerable units, it may be used to determine if the components are separating properly or remixing properly. It may also be used to check for improper balance in bedding or for loss of a component during operation.
5.5 This test method begins with the conversion to the hydrogen and chloride forms. However, it may be combined with the determination of the residual chloride and sulfate sites by elution with sodium nitrate as described in Test Methods J and L in Test Methods and Practices D2187. In such cases the hydrogen ion as well...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the ratio between the equivalents of anion-exchange capacity and the equivalents of cation-exchange capacity present in a physical mixture of salt-splitting anion-exchange material and salt-splitting cation-exchange material.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document provides a method for the determination of alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs) in surfactants using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and detected with diode array detector (DAD) or fluorescence detector (FLD). This method is appropriate for the detection and quantification of APEOs in surfactants.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Zeolites Y and X, particularly for catalyst and adsorbent applications, are a major article of manufacture and commerce. Catalysts and adsorbents comprising these zeolites in various forms plus binder and other components have likewise become important. Y-based catalysts are used for fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) and hydrocracking of petroleum, while X-based adsorbents are used for desiccation, sulfur compound removal, and air separation.
4.2 The unit cell dimension of a freshly synthesized faujasite-type zeolite is a sensitive measure of composition which, among other uses, distinguishes between the two synthetic faujasite-type zeolites, X and Y. The presence of a matrix in a Y-containing catalyst precludes determination of the zeolite framework composition by direct elemental analysis.
4.3 Users of the test method should be aware that the correlation between framework composition and unit cell dimension is specific to a given cation form of the zeolite. Steam or thermal treatments, for example, may alter both composition and cation form. The user must therefore determine the correlation that pertains to his zeolite containing samples.3 In addition, one may use the test method solely to determine the unit cell dimension, in which case no correlation is needed.
4.4 Other crystalline components may be present in the sample whose diffraction pattern may cause interference with the selected faujasite-structure diffraction peaks. If there is reason to suspect the presence of such components, then a full diffractometer scan should be obtained and analyzed to select faujasite-structure peaks free of interference.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the unit cell dimension of zeolites having the faujasite crystal structure, including synthetic Y and X zeolites, their modifications such as the various cation exchange forms, and the dealuminized, decationated, and ultra stable forms of Y. These zeolites have cubic symmetry with a unit cell parameter usually within the limits of 24.2 and 25.0 Å (2.42 and 2.50 nm).
1.2 The samples include zeolite preparation in the various forms, and catalysts and adsorbents containing these zeolites. The zeolite may be present in amounts as low as 5 %, such as in a cracking catalyst.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document provides microbiological test methods for enumeration and detection of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, detection of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in liquid hand dishwashing.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Carpet, when exposed to the environment or foot traffic, accumulates soil and biocontaminants during its in-service life. While routine vacuuming may effectively remove dry particulate soils, it has a limited effect on removing or killing accumulated and embedded biocontaminants. In this test method, steps are described to assess test substances for the ability to sanitize carpet.
5.2 This test method compares an inert control solution to a sanitizing test solution for the ability to reduce viable bacteria and fungi inoculated onto carpet samples.
5.3 This test method provides for efficient recovery of surviving bacteria from inoculated carpets.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is designed to evaluate quantitatively the antibacterial and antifungal activity of solutions for sanitizing carpets.
1.2 Efficacy is reported as the log reduction in viable bacteria and fungi.
1.3 The bacteria used in the test are Staphylococcus aureus, Enterobacter aerogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The mold used is Aspergillus brasiliensis.
1.4 Knowledge of microbiological techniques is required for this test method.
1.5 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a potentiometric method for the determination of the chloride content of soaps, containing or not containing other surface active agents, and also of compounded products.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice will be suitable to direct the preparation of test coupons with a known amount of contaminant on the surface. A standard test coupon is described and a list of contaminants that have typically been found in oxygen-enriched systems and components is provided.
5.2 These test coupons shall be used in the evaluation of cleaning agents for oxygen-enriched systems and components. This will permit direct comparison within and between test facilities.
5.3 Materials used in other fluid handling systems such as nitrogen, helium, hydrogen, gasoline, etc. may also be prepared for evaluation by this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedure for the preparation of single- and double-sided contaminated test coupons for the evaluation of cleaning agents. It is applicable for the evaluation of cleaning agents proposed for the cleaning of oxygen equipment, pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment, and medical devices (see Test Method G122 and Guide G127). It also is applicable to other systems where contamination is a concern.
1.2 Several classes of contaminants/residues most likely to be found in oxygen equipment, pharmaceutical manufacturing equipment, and medical devices are identified. However, if the user of this practice has identified contaminants not included in these classes, such identified contaminants may be substituted for the preparation of the test coupons if appropriate for this test method.
1.3 Solvent and cleaning agent compatibility with nonmetallic substrates should be verified prior to the preparation of the test coupons. Typical nonmetallic materials utilized in oxygen systems are contained in Guide G63.
1.4 This practice may involve hazardous materials, operations, and equipment. This practice does not purport to address all of the safety concerns associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whomever uses this practice to consult and establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide suggests methodology for cleaning tests. This methodology can only be applied to assess product performance on typical bathroom soils and is not inclusive of all potential soils present on ceramic tiles or other bathroom surfaces. An assessment of cleaning performance on surfaces other than ceramic tile cannot be presumed since there is no confirmed basis for correlation for this soil on other surface or substrate types.
5.2 The results of tests based on this guide are regarded as diagnostic screening values useful in formulation studies, quality control, and ingredient raw material qualification. The results of this guide should be compared to control treatments, which are incorporated into each performance evaluation. These results should be considered to be relative to all other treatments in the study and are not absolute values. For interlaboratory comparisons, exact treatment conditions must be established and then results should be compared as relative ranking to the control treatments rather than as absolute values.
5.3 This guide is applicable to testing all types of multi-purpose household and bathroom cleaners, whether the detergent is prepared by dissolving a soluble powder, a dilutable liquid, or is a non-dilutable product. It may also be useful for evaluation of products or conditions normally associated with industrial or institutional cleaners.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers the evaluation of the cleaning performance of products intended for use on ceramic tiles. This guide provides techniques for soiling, cleaning, and evaluating performance of detergent systems under controlled, but practical, hard-surface cleaning conditions.
Note 1: The soils described in this guide are known in the industry as “soap scum.”
1.2 Such systems include any detergent, cleaner, or abrasive cleanser intended for cleaning hard surfaces composed of ceramic tile. This guide is not appropriate for evaluating performance on grout. This guide also excludes other surfaces such as glass, resilient flooring, synthetic countertop surfaces or washable wall surfaces. The products for which this guide is intended include solutions of soluble powdered detergent, dilutions of concentrated liquid detergent, or products intended to be used full strength, for example, foams, sprays, liquid, wipes, powders, or paste.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Material Safety Data Sheets are available for reagents. Review them for hazards prior to usage.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to evaluate unused mixed bed ion exchange materials for conformance to specifications. When a representative sample of the mixed bed can be obtained from an operating unit, this test method can be used to evaluate the regeneration efficiency by comparison with the same data obtained with new material from the same manufactured lots, or retained samples of the in-place products.
5.2 This test method provides for the calculation of capacity in terms of the volume of water treated to a conductivity end point.
5.3 The test method as written assumes that the cation exchange material has been regenerated to the hydrogen form with acid and the anion exchange material has been regenerated with alkali to the hydroxide or free-base form. In certain applications a cation exchange material in the potassium, ammonium, or other monovalent form may be encountered. Such materials may be tested following this procedure using Test Water A (Test Methods D1782) as the influent and substituting the hardness end point (Test Methods D1782) for the end points prescribed herein.
5.4 In most cases the product tested will be properly mixed and will contain the correct proportions of anion and cation exchange materials. However, if the pH as well as the conductivity of the effluent is measured, the test method will indicate which of the components is present in excess; an acid effluent at breakthrough indicating an excess of regenerated cation exchange groups and an alkaline effluent an excess of regenerated anion exchange groups. In such cases the volumes of the two components obtained in the final backwash will indicate whether this imbalance arises from improper regeneration or from an improper ratio of the two components. It should be noted, however, that not all units are charged with a balanced ratio of anion-exchanging and cation-exchanging groups. Hence, wherever possible, a field sample should be evaluated in comparison with a retained sample ...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the performance of particulate mixed bed ion exchange materials in the regenerated form when used for deionization. It is intended for use in testing unused mixed bed materials and samples of regenerated mixed beds from operating units.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 19619:2018 specifies an analytical procedure for the determination of free propylene oxide in surfactants which are synthesized from propylene oxide copolymers. The method is appropriate for the qualitative and quantitative determination of propylene oxide groups in propylene oxide adducts, polyethers and polyglycol esters by headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) with a flame ionization detector (FID) based on external procedure. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is used for the confirmatory purposes.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice has been developed in support of the U.S. EPA Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology by the Chicago Regional Laboratory (CRL).
5.2 Nonylphenol (NP) and Octylphenol (OP) have been shown to have toxic effects in aquatic organisms. The prominent source of NP and OP is from common commercial surfactants which are longer chain APEOs. The most widely used surfactant is nonylphenol polyethoxylate (NPnEO) which has an average ethoxylate chain length of nine. The APEOs are readily biodegraded to form NP1EO, NP2EO, nonylphenol carboxylate (NPEC) and NP. NP will also biodegrade, but may be released into environmental waters directly at trace levels. This practice screens for the longer chain APEOs which may enter the STP at elevated levels and may cause a STP to violate its permitted discharge concentration of nonylphenol.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPnEO, 3 ≤ n ≤ 18) and octylphenol polyethoxylates (OPnEO, 2 ≤ n ≤ 12) in water by Single Reaction Monitoring (SRM) Liquid Chromatography/ Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using direct injection liquid chromatography (LC) and detected with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection. This is a screening practice with qualified quantitative data to check for the presence of longer chain ethoxylates in a water sample.
1.1.1 All data are qualified because neat standards of each alkylphenol ethoxylate (APEO) are not available and the synthesis and characterization of these neat standards would be very expensive. The Igepal2 brand standards, which contain a mixture of various chain lengths of the alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEOs), were used. The mixture was characterized in-house assuming the instrument response at an optimum electrospray ionization cone and collision voltage for each APEO was the same. This assumption, which may not be accurate, is used to determine qualified amounts of each ethoxylate in the standards. The n-Nonylphenol diethoxylate (n-NP2EO) surrogate was available as a neat characterized standard, therefore, this concentration and recovery data was not estimated. APEOs are not regulated by the EPA, but nonylphenol, a breakdown product of NPnEOs, is regulated for fresh and saltwater dischargers. A request by a sewage treatment plant (STP) was made to make this practice available through ASTM in order to screen for the influent or effluent from sources of APEOs coming into the STP. The interest lies in stopping the source of the longer chain APEOs from entering the STP in order to meet effluent guidelines. Based upon the above, this is a practice rather than a test method. A comparison between samples is possible using this practice to determine which has a higher concentration of APEOs.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this practice.
1.3 The estimated screening range shown in Table 1 was calculated from the concentration of the Level 1 and 7 calibration standards shown in Table 4. These numbers are qualified, as explained in Section 1, and must be reported as such. Figs. 1-5 show the SRM chromatograms of each analyte at the Level 1 concentration with the signal to noise (S/N) ratio. This is a screening practice and method detection limits are not given. The S/N ratio for each analyte at the Level 1 concentration must be at least 5:1 for adequate sensitivity. If the instrument can not meet the criteria, the screening limit must be raised to an acceptable level.
FIG. 1 SRM Chromatograms NP3EO-NP8EO
FIG. 2 SRM Chromatograms NP9EO-NP14EO
FIG. 3 SRM Chromatograms NP15EO-NP18EO and n-NP2EO
FIG. 4 SRM Chromatograms OP2EO-OP7EO
FIG. 5 SRM Chromatograms OP8EO-OP12EO
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety,...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Resins used in demineralization systems may deteriorate due to many factors including chemical attack, fouling by organic and inorganic materials, mishandling, or the effects of aging. Detection of degradation or fouling may be important in determining the cause of poor demineralizer performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide presents a series of tests and evaluations intended to detect fouling and degradation of particulate ion exchange materials. Suggestions on reducing fouling and on cleaning resins are given.
1.2 This guide is to be used only as an aid in the evaluation of particulate ion exchange material performance and does not purport to address all possible causes of unsatisfactory performance. The evaluations of mechanical and operational problems are not addressed.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ISO 16560:2015 specifies a method for the determination of the polyethylene glycol (PEG) content in aromatic and aliphatic non-ionic surface active agents of the type R-(O-C2H4) n OH; where n is the mean ethylene oxide (EO) value. It is applicable to all ethoxylated products soluble in methanol or methanol/water mixture. This method applies to PEG concentrations as mass fraction greater than or equal to 0,1 %. This International Standard is not applicable to PEG whose molar mass is lower than 400 g/mol. Monomeric ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and glycerol are not detected.
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ISO 17280:2015 provides a method for the determination of 1,4-dioxane residues in surfactants which are synthesized from epoxyethane, such as alkyl ether sulfates and alcohol ethoxylates.
The method is applicable for samples containing 1,4-dioxane more than 5 mg/kg. For samples containing 1,4-dioxane more than 100 mg/kg, the sample solutions should be diluted to appropriate concentration.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
7.1 The ionic form of an ion-exchange material affects both its equivalent mass and its equilibrium water content. These in turn influence the numerical values obtained in exchange capacity determinations, in density measurements, and in the size of the particles. To provide a uniform basis for comparison, therefore, the sample should be converted to a known ionic form before analysis. This procedure provides for the conversion of cation-exchange materials to the sodium form and anion-exchange materials to the chloride form prior to analysis. These forms are chosen since they permit samples to be weighed and dried without concern for air contamination or decomposition. If other ionic forms are used this fact should be noted in reporting the results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the physical and chemical properties of ion-exchange resins when used for the treatment of water. They are intended for use in testing both new and used materials. The following thirteen test methods are included:
Sections
Test Practice A—Pretreatment
6 – 10
Test Method B—Water Retention Capacity
11 – 18
Test Method C—Backwashed and Settled Density
19 – 26
Test Method D—Particle Size Distribution
27 – 35
Test Method E—Salt-Splitting Capacity of Cation-Exchange Resins
36 – 45
Test Method F—Total Capacity of Cation-Exchange Resins
46 – 55
Test Method G—Percent Regeneration of Hydrogen-Form Cation-Exchange Resins
56 – 64
Test Method H—Total and Salt-Splitting Capacity of Anion-Exchange Resins
65 – 73
Test Practice I—Percent Regeneration of Anion Exchange Resins
74 – 82
Test Practice J—Ionic Chloride Content of Anion-Exchange Resins
83 – 90
Test Method K—Carbonate Content of Anion-Exchange Resins
91 – 99
Test Method L—Sulfate Content of Anion Exchange Resins
100 – 108
Test Practice M—Total Anion Capacity of Anion-Exchange Resins
109 – 117
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 10.8.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
7.1 The particle size distribution of powdered ion exchange resins and, more importantly, the derived parameters of mean particle size and percent above and below specified size limits are useful for determining batch to batch variations and, in some cases, can be related to certain aspects of product performance.
7.2 Although automatic multichannel particle size analyzers, of the type described in Section 9, yield information on the entire distribution of sizes present in a given sample, it has been found that, for this application, the numerical value of three derived parameters may adequately describe the particle size characteristics of the samples: the mean particle diameter (in micrometres), the percent of the sample that falls below some size limit, and the percent of the sample that falls above some size limit.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the physical and chemical properties of powdered ion exchange resins and are intended for use in testing new materials. The following test methods are included:
Sections
Test Method A—Particle Size Distribution
5 to 15
Test Method B—Solids Content
16 to 23
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
9.1 Cation exchange materials are frequently used in the sodium form to exchange divalent and trivalent ions in the influent water for sodium ions on the resin sites. This process is commonly referred to as softening water since it removes those ions that form a “hard” curd of insoluble salts with the fatty acids used in some soaps and that also precipitate when water is boiled. In such a process, sodium chloride is used as the regenerant to return the cation-exchanging groups to the sodium form.
9.2 This test method is intended to simulate the performance of such materials in actual usage. It may be used either to compare the performance of new materials or to compare the performance of a material that has been used with its original performance.
9.3 Regenerant concentrations and dosages used herein are typical for the types of materials used in this application. If different concentrations or amounts of regenerant are agreed upon by parties using this test method, this fact should be stated when the results are reported. Similarly, the test water specified is the agreed upon standard. Where other test waters or the water to be treated are used in the test, the analysis of the water in terms of total solids, sodium, calcium, magnesium, other di- or trivalent metals as well as the major anions present should be reported with the test results.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the operating capacity of particulate cation-exchange materials when used for the removal of calcium, magnesium, and sodium ions from water. It is intended for use in testing both new and used materials. The following two test methods are included:
Sections
Test Method A—Sodium Cycle
8 to 14
Test Method B—Hydrogen Cycle
15 to 21
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The salt removal capacity of a powdered resin precoat is limited by the capacity of either the anion-exchange resin or the cation-exchange resin contained in it. Applications include condensate polishing in fossil-fueled electric generating plants, as well as condensate polishing, spent fuel pool water treatment, reactor water treatment, and low-level radioactive liquid waste treatment in nuclear-powered electric generating plants.
4.2 By determining the ion-exchange capacity profile of either a cation exchange resin or an anion-exchange resin (capacity expended per unit of time under specific conditions), it is possible to estimate runlength and remaining capacity when treating a liquid of the same makeup. Although they cannot accurately predict performance during condenser leaks, these test methods are useful for determining operating capacities as measured under the test conditions used.
4.3 These test methods may be used to monitor the performance of either powdered anion-exchange resin or powdered cation-exchange resin. The total capacity of either resin depends primarily upon the number density of ion-exchange sites within the resin. The operating capacity is a function of the total capacity, degree of conversion to the desired ionic form when received, and properties of the resin and the system that affect ion exchange kinetics.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the operating ion-exchange capacity of both powdered cation-exchange resins (hydrogen form) and powdered anion-exchange resins (hydroxide form). These test methods are intended for use in testing new powdered ion-exchange resins when used for the treatment of water. The following two test methods are included:
Sections
Test Method A—Operating Capacity, Anion-Exchange
Resin, Hydroxide Form
7 to 15
Test Method B—Operating Capacity, Cation-Exchange
Resin, Hydrogen Form
16 to 24
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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