71.100.01 - Products of the chemical industry in general
ICS 71.100.01 Details
Products of the chemical industry in general
Produkte der chemischen Industrie im allgemeinen
Produits de l'industrie chimique en general
Izdelki kemijske industrije na splošno
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 71.100.01 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Products of the chemical industry in general". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 39 standards classified under ICS 71.100.01 (Products of the chemical industry in general). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 PCS is one of the very few techniques that are able to deal with the measurement of particle size distribution in the nano-size region. This guide highlights this light scattering technique, generally applicable in the particle size range from the sub-nm region until the onset of sedimentation in the sample. The PCS technique is usually applied to slurries or suspensions of solid material in a liquid carrier. It is a first principles method (that is, calibration in the standard understanding of this word, is not involved). The measurement is hydrodynamically based and therefore provides size information in the suspending medium (typically water). Thus the hydrodynamic diameter will almost certainly differ from other size diameters isolated by other techniques and users of the PCS technique need to be aware of the distinction of the various descriptors of particle diameter before making comparisons between techniques. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the technique is widely applied in industry and academia as both a research and development tool and as a QC method for the characterization of submicron systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide deals with the measurement of particle size distribution of suspended particles, which are solely or predominantly sub-100 nm, using the photon correlation (PCS) technique. It does not provide a complete measurement methodology for any specific nanomaterial, but provides a general overview and guide as to the methodology that should be followed for good practice, along with potential pitfalls.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This standard is intended to facilitate communication among members of the business, research, legal, government, and educational communities.
3.2 Definitions:
3.2.1 Terms and their related standard definitions in Section 4 are intended for use uniformly and consistently in all nanotechnology test methods, specifications, guides, and practices. The purpose of such use is to promote a clear understanding and interpretation of the standards in which they are used.
3.2.2 Definitions of terms are written in the broadest sense possible, consistent with the intended meaning using the following guidance considerations.
3.2.2.1 Terminology E1992 and Practice E1964 concepts are considered, especially Sections 6.5, 7, and 8 of Practice E1964.
3.2.2.2 Terms and nomenclature are based on observed scientific phenomena and are descriptive, distinguishable, and have significant currency in the nanotechnology field as reflected in peer-reviewed articles and other objective sources. These terms and names should not disrupt accepted usage in other scientific and technological fields, and their preferred usage should follow accepted scientific syntax.
3.2.2.3 When incorporating a term or name from a related field, its underlying meaning is not redefined. Modifications are minimal and are done to elucidate scientific distinctions required by nanotechnology practitioners.
3.2.2.4 When conflicting or overlapping terms and names arise between scientific disciplines, precedence was given to the established term that has behind it a significant body of knowledge.
3.2.2.5 The definition of a term that can have different meanings in different technical fields, especially those fields beyond nanotechnology, is preceded by a limiting phrase, for example, “in nanotechnology.”
3.3 Description of Terms:
3.3.1 Descriptions of Terms are special purpose definitions intended to provide a precise understanding and interpretation of standards in which they are used.
3.3...
SCOPE
1.1 Nanotechnology is an emerging field; this standard defines the novel terminology developed for its broad multi- and interdisciplinary activities. As the needs of this area develop, this standard will evolve accordingly. Its content may be referenced or adopted, or both, in whole or in part, as demanded by the needs of the individual user.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Knowledge of flammable limits at elevated temperatures and pressures is needed for safe and economical operation of some chemical processes. This information may be needed in order to start up a reactor without passing through a flammable range, to operate the reactor safely and economically, or to store or ship the product safely.
5.2 Limits of flammability data obtained in relatively clean vessels must be carefully interpreted and may not always be applicable to industrial conditions. Surface effects due to carbon deposits and other materials can significantly affect limits of flammability, especially in the fuel-rich region. Refer to Bulletin 503 and Bulletin 627.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the lower and upper concentration limits of flammability of combustible vapor-oxidant mixtures at temperatures up to 200°C and initial pressures up to as much as 1.38 MPa (200 psia). This practice is limited to mixtures which would have explosion pressures less than 13.79 MPa (2000 psia).
1.2 This practice should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers biomass derived, undenatured ethanol intended for use in industrial applications such as adhesives, detergents, inks, chemicals, plastics, paints, thinners, etc.
1.2 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations.
1.3 Undenatured ethanol has many regulatory limitations that cover the production, trading, transporting, distributing, wholesale and retail sale, and use of undenatured ethanol; this specification does not purport to address the regulatory compliance aspects of these activities.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide recommends practices and solutions for global supply chain information exchange for substances, preparations, and articles as identified by REACH. The first five annexes of REACH guidance standards serve as a central repository for REACH industry guidance that spans industry sectors and facilitates collaboration across complex global supply chains. Annexes 6-9 provide key EU guidance on information exchange in the supply chain.
5.2 Section 6 outlines the information that is to be exchanged in the supply chain both in the upstream and downstream directions.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide will assist companies that manufacture, buy, or sell, or both, substances, preparations, and articles to ensure that supply chains comply with the European Union’s Registration, Evaluation, and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) regulation. This is accomplished by identifying the specific information elements that must be specified, requested and exchanged in communication between actors in the supply chain.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Guide46 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The lower temperature limit of flammability is the minimum temperature at which a liquid (or solid) chemical will evolve sufficient vapors to form a flammable mixture with air under equilibrium conditions. Knowledge of this temperature is important in determining guidelines for the safe handling of chemicals, particularly in closed process and storage vessels.
Note 1: As a result of physical factors inherent in flash point apparatus and procedures, closed-cup flash point temperatures are not necessarily the minimum temperature at which a chemical will evolve flammable vapors (see Appendix X2 and Appendix X3, taken in part from Test Method E502). The temperature limit of flammability test is designed to supplement limitations inherent in flash point tests (Appendix X2). It yields a result closely approaching the minimum temperature of flammable vapor formation for equilibrium situations in the chemical processing industry such as in closed process and storage vessels.
Note 2: As a result of flame quenching effects existing when testing in standard closed-cup flash point apparatus, there are certain chemicals that exhibit no flash point but do evolve vapors that will propagate a flame in vessels of adequate size (X3.2). The temperature limit of flammability test chamber is sufficiently large to overcome flame quenching effects in most cases of practical importance, thus, usually indicating the presence of vapor-phase flammability if it does exist (6.2).
Note 3: The lower temperature limit of flammability (LTL) is only one of several characteristics that should be evaluated to determine the safety of a specific material for a specific application. For example, some materials are found to have an LTL by this test method when, in fact, other characteristics such as minimum ignition energy and heat of combustion should also be considered in an overall flammability evaluation.
5.2 The vapor concentration present at the lower temperature limit of flammability e...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum temperature at which vapors in equilibrium with a liquid (or solid) chemical will be sufficiently concentrated to form flammable mixtures in air at atmospheric pressure. This test method is written specifically for determination of the temperature limit of flammability of systems using air as the source of oxidant and diluent. It may also be used for other oxidant/diluent combinations, including air plus diluent mixtures; however, no oxidant/diluent combination stronger than air should be used. Also, no unstable chemical capable of explosive decomposition reactions should be tested (see 8.3).
1.2 This test method is designed and written to be run at local ambient pressure and is limited to a maximum initial pressure of 1 atm abs. It may also be used for reduced pressures with the practical lower pressure limit being approximately 13.3 kPa (100 mm Hg). The maximum practical operating temperature of this equipment is approximately 150°C (302°F) (Note A1.2).
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions, and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide is intended for use by entities involved in the handling of UNP in occupational settings. This guide covers handling principles and techniques that may be applied, as appropriate, to the variety of UNP materials and handling settings. These settings include research and development activities, material manufacturing, and material use and processing. This guide may also be used by entities that receive materials or articles containing or comprising nanoscale particles fixed upon or within a matrix (that is, bound nanoscale particles), but whose own processes or use may reasonably be expected to cause such particles to become unbound.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes actions that could be taken by the user to minimize human exposures to unbound, engineered nanoscale particles (UNP) in research, manufacturing, laboratory and other occupational settings where UNP may reasonably be expected to be present. It is intended to provide guidance for controlling such exposures as a cautionary measure where neither relevant exposure standards nor definitive hazard and exposure information exist.
1.2 General Guidance—This guide is applicable to occupational settings where UNP may reasonably be expected to be present. Operations across those settings will vary widely in the particular aspects relevant to nanoscale particle exposure control. UNP represent a vast variety of physical and chemical characteristics (for example, morphology, mass, dimension, chemical composition, settling velocities, surface area, surface chemistry) and circumstances of use. Given the range of physical and chemical characteristics presented by the various UNP, the diversity of occupational settings and the uneven empirical knowledge of and experience with handling UNP materials, the purpose of this guide is to offer general guidance on exposure minimization approaches for UNP based upon a consensus of viewpoints, but not to establish a standard practice nor to recommend a definite course of action to follow in all cases.
1.2.1 Accordingly, not all aspects of this guide may be relevant or applicable to all circumstances of UNP handling. The user should apply reasonable judgment in applying this guide including consideration of the characteristics of the particular UNP involved, the user’s engineering and other experience with the material, and the particular occupational settings where the user may apply this guide. Users are encouraged to obtain the services of qualified professionals in applying this guide.
1.2.2 Applicable Where Relevant Exposure Standards Do Not Exist—This guide assumes that the user is aware of and in compliance with any authoritative occupational exposure standard applicable to the bulk form of the UNP. This guide may be appropriate where such exposure standards do not exist, or where such standards exist, but were not developed with consideration of the nanoscale form of the material.
1.3 Applicable Where Robust Risk Information Does Not Exist—This guide assumes the absence of scientifically sound risk assessment information relevant to the particular UNP involved. Where sound risk assessment information exists, or comes to exist, any exposure control measures should be designed based on that information, and not premised on this guide. Such measures may be more or less stringent than those suggested by this guide.
1.4 Materials Within Scope—This guide pertains to unbound engineered nanoscale particles or their respirable agglomerates or aggregates thereof. Relevant nanoscale particle types include, for example, intentionally produced fullerenes, nanotubes, nanowires, nanoropes, nanoribbons, quantum dots, nanoscale metal oxides, and other engineered nanoscale particles. Respirable particles are those having an aerodynamic equivalent diameter (AED) less than or equal to 10 µm (10 000 nm) or those particles small enough to be collected with a respirable sampler (1-3).2 The AED desc...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This guide establishes a recommended list of challenge chemicals to encourage those who evaluate chemical protective clothing to test a minimum number of chemicals in common. This list will simplify the comparison of data from different sources.
5.2 This guide may also serve material developers or evaluators in screening candidate protective clothing materials.
5.3 Test methods applicable to the use of this guide include, but are not limited to, Test Methods F903 and F739.
5.3.1 The battery of chemical gases shall not be used for testing material penetration resistance because Test Method F903 has been designed for measuring liquid penetration only.
5.3.2 Evaluation of materials against the gaseous chemical battery is primarily intended for those materials used in the construction of totally encapsulating protective suits or other clothing items that are designed to prevent exposure to chemical vapors or gases. Only vapor-protective clothing that has been evaluated for and has demonstrated appropriate levels of inward leakage against gases and vapor is appropriate for protection against vapors and gases. Protective clothing that only covers part of the body or that does not have vapor-resistant closures, closures, or interfaces to other ensemble components does not provide protection against hazardous chemical vapors and gases.
Note 1: Methods to evaluate the vapor-protective performance of protective clothing ensembles include, but are not limited to, Test Method F1052 and Test Method F2588.
5.4 The presence of any chemical in this battery does not connote any special significance of the chemical for protecting workers from chemical hazards. This battery of chemicals is intended to represent a range of chemical classes, hazards, physical characteristics, and other factors. Not of all of the chemicals in this battery have any significance from a skin toxicity or irritation perspective.
5.5 Chemical resistance of a protective clothing material...
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide a recommended list of both liquid and gaseous chemicals for evaluating protective clothing materials in testing programs.
1.2 Results derived from testing programs using these lists of test chemicals are not intended for the definitive characterization of protective clothing materials.
1.3 This list of test chemicals is not inclusive of all chemical challenges; the chemicals were chosen to represent broad ranges of liquid and gaseous chemical classes and properties. Not all chemical classes are represented. Other chemicals, especially those of interest to the manufacturer or user, should be tested in addition to those recommended in this guide.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazards statement is given in Section 7.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This European Standard specifies the minimum requirements for a course programme to train risk assessors to be competent to assess the health risks posed by chemicals.
This European Standard does not comprehensively cover requirements for qualifications for workplace risk assessment according to Directive 98/24/EC.
Training of risk assessors consists of both course programs and on-the-job, practical experience. Only the course-based programme is covered in the current standard.
This European Standard sets out the requirements, which may be delivered as a complete course programme or as a series of individual courses.
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This European Standard specifies the minimum requirements for a course programme to train risk assessors to be competent to assess the health risks posed by chemicals.
This European Standard does not comprehensively cover requirements for qualifications for workplace risk assessment according to Directive 98/24/EC.
Training of risk assessors consists of both course programs and on-the-job, practical experience. Only the course-based programme is covered in the current standard.
This European Standard sets out the requirements, which may be delivered as a complete course programme or as a series of individual courses.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report gives an overview of methods which can be used for the determination of the bio-based content of solid, liquid and gaseous products. It describes more specifically:
a) a method using the radiocarbon analysis and elemental analysis: this method is based on a statement and a verification of the composition of the products;
b) methods based on measurement of stable isotopic ratio; and
c) a method based on the material balance.
This Technical Report gives guidance on the applicability of the different methods.
This Technical Report also gives recommendations for the further development of European Standards for the determination of the bio-based content.
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ISO 10808:2010 specifies requirements for, and gives guidance on, the characterization of airborne nanoparticles in inhalation exposure chambers for the purpose of inhalation toxicity studies in terms of particle mass, size distribution, number concentration and composition.
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ISO 10801:2010 gives requirements and recommendations for generating metal nanoparticles as aerosols suitable for inhalation toxicity testing by the evaporation/condensation method. Its application is limited to metals such as gold and silver which have been proven to generate nanoparticles suitable for inhalation toxicity testing using the technique specified.
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ISO 29701:2010 describes the application of a test using Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) reagent for the evaluation of nanomaterials intended for cell-based in vitro biological test systems. The test is suitable for use with nanomaterial samples dispersed in aqueous media, e.g. water, serum or reaction medium, and to such media incubated with nanomaterials for an appropriate duration at 37 °C.
ISO 29701:2010 is restricted to test samples for in vitro systems, but the methods can also be adapted to nanomaterials to be administered to animals by parenteral routes.
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ISO 11014:2009 defines sections, content, and general format of the safety data sheet (SDS) for chemical products. ISO 11014:2009 does not define a fixed format, nor does it include a blank SDS.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This practice was developed at the request of the General Services Administration of the United States government. It is intended to provide guidance and assistance to anyone charged with the responsibility of creating or reviewing material safety data sheets (MSDS) for accuracy. Such sheets are required of any vendor who provides goods or services which may be hazardous in any way. This guide is not a legal document and does not purport to officially represent the requirements of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration Hazard Communication Standard, requirements of EPA (Environmental Protection Agency's Emergency Planning and Community Right-To-Know Act), the laws of any state or municipality, or the laws of any foreign nation.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes how to prepare the information on hazardous materials as required for employee safety and health programs. This practice also provides information on what data are required for the safe handling, storage, use, transportation, and environmentally acceptable disposal of these materials.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice described how to prepare the information on hazardous materials as required for employee safety and health programs. This practice also provided information on what data are required for the safe handling, storage, use, transportation, and environmentally acceptable disposal of these materials.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee E34 on Occupational Health and Safety, this practice was withdrawn in October 2014. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement due to its limited use by industry.
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Presents information for the compilation and completion of a safety data sheet. Defines specifically the general layout of the SDS, the 16 standard headings, the numbering and the sequence of these 16 standard headings, the items necessary to fill in an SDS and the conditions of their applicability or utilization.
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