EN 17399:2024

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
oSIST prEN 17399:2023
01-oktober-2023
Alge in izdelki iz alg - Izrazi in definicije
Algae and algae products - Terms and definitions
Algen und Algenprodukte - Begriffe
Algues et produits d'algues - Termes et définitions
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: prEN 17399
ICS:
01.040.13 Okolje. Varovanje zdravja. Environment. Health
Varnost (Slovarji) protection. Safety
(Vocabularies)
13.020.55 Biološki izdelki Biobased products
oSIST prEN 17399:2023 en,fr,de
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

oSIST prEN 17399:2023
oSIST prEN 17399:2023
DRAFT
EUROPEAN STANDARD
prEN 17399
NORME EUROPÉENNE
EUROPÄISCHE NORM
August 2023
ICS 01.040.13; 13.020.55 Will supersede EN 17399:2020
English Version
Algae and algae products - Terms and definitions
Algues et produits d'algues - Termes et définitions Algen und Algenprodukte - Begriffe
This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for enquiry. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee
CEN/TC 454.
If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other
language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC
Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Türkiye and
United Kingdom.
Recipients of this draft are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are
aware and to provide supporting documentation.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without
notice and shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2023 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. prEN 17399:2023 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

oSIST prEN 17399:2023
prEN 17399:2023 (E)
Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references. 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
Bibliography. 26

oSIST prEN 17399:2023
prEN 17399:2023 (E)
European foreword
This document (prEN 17399:2023) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 454 “Algae and
algae products”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
This document is currently submitted to the CEN Enquiry.
This document will supersede EN 17399:2020.
This document has been prepared under a Standardization Request given to CEN by the European
Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
oSIST prEN 17399:2023
prEN 17399:2023 (E)
Introduction
This document has been prepared by the experts of CEN/TC 454 'Algae and algae products'.
The European Committee for Standardization (CEN) was requested by the European Commission (EC) to
draft European standards or European standardization deliverables to support the implementation of
Article 3 of Directive 2009/28/EC for algae and algae-based products or intermediates.
This request, presented as Mandate M/547 , also contributes to the Communication on “Innovating for
Sustainable Growth: A Bio economy for Europe”.
The former working group CEN Technical Board Working Group 218 “Algae”, was created in 2016 to
develop a work programme as part of this Mandate. The technical committee CEN/TC 454 'Algae and
algae products' was established to carry out the work programme that will prepare a series of standards.
The interest in algae and algae-based products or intermediates has increased significantly in Europe as
a valuable source, including but not limited to carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and several pigments. These
materials are suitable for use in a wide range of applications from food and feed purposes to other sectors,
such as textiles, cosmetics, biopolymers, biofuel and fertilizer/biostimulants. Standardization was
identified as having an important role in order to promote the use of algae and algae products.
The work of CEN/TC 454 should improve the reliability of the supply chain, thereby improving the
confidence of industry and consumers in algae, which include macroalgae, microalgae, cyanobacteria,
Labyrinthulomycetes, algae-based products or intermediates and will promote and support
commercialization of the European algae industry.
This document has been developed with the aim to cover the horizontal definitions for algae and algae-
based products or intermediates. Hence, other terms and definitions are given in the other standards
developed by CEN/TC 454 “Algae and algae products”.
For food, feed and non-food, non-feed applications, additional definitions may exist in other product
specific standards.
Available at https://ec.europa.eu/growth/tools-databases/mandates/index.cfm?fuseaction=refSearch.search#
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1 Scope
This document defines the terms related to functions, products and properties of algae and algae
products. In order to better pack the methodologies, algae are regarded as a functional group of
organisms consisting of microalgae, macroalgae, cyanobacteria and Labyrinthulomycetes.
2 Normative references
There are no normative references in this document.
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.
ISO and IEC maintain terminology databases for use in standardization at the following addresses:
— IEC Electropedia: available at https://www.electropedia.org/
— ISO Online browsing platform: available at https://www.iso.org/obp/
3.1 General terms
3.1.1
algae and algae products
functional group of organisms consisting of microalgae, macroalgae, cyanobacteria, Labyrinthulomycetes
and products derived thereof
3.1.2
algae biorefinery
facility that integrates algae biomass conversion processes and equipment to produce a spectrum of bio-
based products (food, feed, chemicals, materials) and bioenergy (biofuels, power and/or heat)
[SOURCE: International Energy Agency Bioenergy. Task 42 – Biorefining in a Circular Economy.]
3.1.3
algae oil
glyceridic fraction of lipids derived from algae
3.1.4
algae strain
population of unicellular/pluricellular organisms of a single algae species, all descended from the
entirety/or a part of an organism, being synonymous with a monoclonal culture and a genetic
representative of a single algae species
Note 1 to entry: This definition includes sexual and asexual reproduction.
3.1.5
artificial light
photons from a source other than the sun
EXAMPLE Fluorescent light and LEDs.
Note 1 to entry: The energy to produce light could come from a mix of sources that can range from fossil fuels,
nuclear plants and renewable and sustainable sources, such as wind, photovoltaics, biomass, etc.
Note 2 to entry: Energy consumed and emissions associated with this should be accounted for in the assessment of
the sustainability.
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3.1.6
biomass
material of biological origin excluding material embedded in geological formations and/or fossilized
EXAMPLE (Whole or parts of) plants, trees, algae, marine organisms, microorganisms, animals, etc.
[SOURCE: EN 16575:2014, definition 2.7]
3.1.7
carbohydrate
biomolecule consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, characterizable, in a first approximation, by the
formula (CH O)
2 n
Note 1 to entry: They include sugars, oligo- and polysaccharides as well as polyols derived.
Note 2 to entry: “Gross composition”: carbohydrates, lipids, polyols and proteins plus ashes should sum as close as
possible to 100 % dry weight of algae biomass as a raw material for food, feed and other applications.
3.1.8
contaminant
hazardous and/or undesired substance, material or organism that can result in physical, chemical and/or
biological modifications of properties
3.1.9
contamination
presence of hazardous and/or undesired substances, materials or organisms that can result in physical,
chemical and/or biological modifications of properties
3.1.10
cyanobacteria
photoautotrophic, mixotrophic or heterotrophic prokaryotic organisms, able to obtain energy by using
chromophores
3.1.11
enzyme
biologically produced protein catalyst that accelerates the conversion of one compound (or compounds)
to another (or others)
[SOURCE: EN ISO 11074:2015, definition 6.4.15]
3.1.12
eukaryotes
organisms with a cell structure in which the nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane
[SOURCE: ISO 6107-8:1993, definition 18]
3.1.13
fouling
non-target organisms either on the surface or within algal biomass (epiphytes or endophytes), including
macroalgae, microalgae, bacteria, cyanobacteria, fungi, or animals, including harmless organisms and
pathogens
Note 1 to entry: This also includes such organisms within production systems not directly associated with target
organisms, but associated with tanks, ropes/nets, bioreactors and all cultivation surfaces; potentially compromising
quality and value including purity and safety of target algal growth.
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3.1.14
genus
taxonomic category that ranks above species and below family
Note 1 to entry: When using taxonomy to name an organism, the genus is used to determine the first part of its two-
part name (genus and species).
3.1.15
geographical origin of algae
reference to the Member State or third country in which the alga reached more than half of its final weight
or stayed for more than half of the farming period
Note 1 to entry: In the case of seaweeds harvested at sea, details of the flag State of the vessel that harvested those
algae.
[SOURCE: Regulation (EU) 1379/2013]
3.1.16
heterotrophy
metabolism that utilizes organic compounds as energy and carbon source
Note 1 to entry: Light is not required as an energy source.
3.1.17
identification
process for determining that an isolate belongs to one of the established taxa
[SOURCE: EN ISO 22174:2005, definition 3.1.9]
3.1.18
impurity
percentage of components other than the specified component in the total amount of product
3.1.19
labyrinthulomycetes
labyrinthulea
class of protists or chromista that produce a network of filaments or tubes and includes the family
Thraustochytriaceae
3.1.20
lipids
class of natural organic substances characterized by very low water solubility, high organic solvents
solubility, high carbon and hydrogen content, biosynthesized for energy storage and/or metabolic and
structural functions
3.1.21
macroalgae
macroscopic eukaryotic pluricellular organisms composed of single differentiated cells able to obtain
energy using chromophores
Note 1 to entry: Generally pluricellular, but can also be single celled.
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3.1.22
microalgae
microscopic eukaryotic organisms composed of single differentiated cells able to obtain energy using
chromophores
Note 1 to entry: Generally single celled, but can occur as filamentous or colonial.
3.1.23
mixotrophy
metabolism that utilizes simultaneously different sources of energy and carbon
Note 1 to entry: Used by those organisms that have the ability to utilize a combination of the phototrophic and
heterotrophic metabolic pathway.
3.1.24
natural light
photons that originate from the sun
Note 1 to entry: The light can be filtered (e.g. by wavelength) or can be redirected and focused (e.g. with mirrors
and glass fibre).
3.1.25
origin of algae strain
strain origin
registered geographical place where the algal organism was collected or genetically modified (or
evolved)
Note 1 to entry: Origin of a strain which first isolation is not reported but is registered according Regulation (EU)
2015/1866 in a collection is the location of the collection.
[SOURCE: Regulation (EU) 2014/511]
3.1.26
photoheterotrophy
metabolism that utilizes light as energy source and organic compounds as carbon source
Note 1 to entry: Photoheterotrophy is a form of mixotrophy.
3.1.27
phototrophy
photoautotrophy
metabolism that utilizes light as energy source and inorganic compounds as carbon source
3.1.28
pigment
any colouring matter in the cells and tissues of plants
[SOURCE: ISO 5527:2015, definition 2.3.1.25]
3.1.29
pluricellular
made up of several cells
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3.1.30
prokaryotes
bacteria, including actinomycetes and cyanobacteria which do not possess nuclear membranes
[SOURCE: ISO 6107-8:1993, definition 44, modified — "(blue-green algae)" has been removed.]
3.1.31
purity
percentage of sp
...