CEN/TR 17674:2021

SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-oktober-2021
Bioizdelki - Uporaba stabilnih razmerij izotopov ogljika, vodika, kisika in dušika kot
orodij za preverjanje izvora biosurovin in karakteristik proizvodnih procesov -
Pregled ustrezne obstoječe uporabe
Bio-based products- Use of stable isotope ratios of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen and
Nitrogen as tools for verification of the origin of bio-based feedstock and characteristics
of production processes - Overview of relevant existing applications
Biobasierte Produkte - Verwendung der Verhältnisse stabiler Isotope von Kohlenstoff,
Wasserstoff, Sauerstoff und Stickstoff als Werkzeuge zur Überprüfung der Herkunft von
biobasierten Rohstoffen und der Eigenschaften von Produktionsprozessen - Übersicht
über relevante bestehende Anwendungen
Produits biosourcés - Utilisation des rapports isotopiques stables du carbone, de
l’hydrogène, de l’oxygène et de l’azote comme outils de vérification de l’origine des
matières premières biosourcées et des caractéristiques des procédés de production -
Vue d’ensemble des applications existantes pertinentes
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 17674:2021
ICS:
13.020.55 Biološki izdelki Biobased products
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.

CEN/TR 17674
TECHNICAL REPORT
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
July 2021
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
ICS 71.040.40; 13.020.55
English Version
Bio-based products- Use of stable isotope ratios of Carbon,
Hydrogen, Oxygen and Nitrogen as tools for verification of
the origin of bio-based feedstock and characteristics of
production processes - Overview of relevant existing
applications
Produits biosourcés - Utilisation des rapports Biobasierte Produkte - Verwendung der Verhältnisse
isotopiques stables du carbone, de l'hydrogène, de stabiler Isotope von Kohlenstoff, Wasserstoff,
l'oxygène et de l'azote comme outils de vérification de Sauerstoff und Stickstoff als Werkzeuge zur
l'origine des matières premières biosourcées et des Überprüfung der Herkunft von biobasierten Rohstoffen
caractéristiques des procédés de production - Vue und der Eigenschaften von Produktionsprozessen -
d'ensemble des applications existantes pertinentes Übersicht über relevante bestehende Anwendungen

This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 18 July 2021. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 411.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway,
Poland, Portugal, Republic of North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and
United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

CEN-CENELEC Management Centre: Rue de la Science 23, B-1040 Brussels
© 2021 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 17674:2021 E
worldwide for CEN national Members.

Contents Page
European foreword . 3
Introduction . 4
1 Scope . 5
2 Normative references . 5
3 Terms and definitions . 5
4 Direct isotopic measurements . 5
5 Assessment of the authenticity of natural products . 6
6 Overview of feedstock isotopic fingerprint . 8
6.1 C4 plant . 8
6.2 Other raw materials: C3 plants . 9
7 Determination of Biobased content for feedstocks and products . 10
7.1 Bioplastics . 10
7.2 Bio-rubbers . 13
7.3 Biofuels – Bio-solvents . 14
7.4 Biosurfactants . 15
7.5 Other bio products . 18
7.5.1 Biocosmetics . 18
7.5.2 Bio-Flavours-Foods . 20
7.5.3 Bio-pesticides . 21
8 Monitoring industrial process approach . 22
8.1 General . 22
8.2 Synthesis of Isosorbide . 22
8.3 Synthesis of a specific plastic . 23
9 Supplementary benefits . 25
9.1 Technical impacts . 25
9.1.1 Bulk Stable Isotope Analysis . 25
9.1.2 Compound Specific Isotope Analysis . 26
9.1.3 Approach multi methods . 27
9.2 Sustainability criteria . 28
9.2.1 General . 28
9.2.2 Agricultural and social impacts . 28
9.2.3 Cosmetic issue . 28
9.2.4 Religious impact . 28
Bibliography . 29

European foreword
This document (CEN/TR 17674:2021) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 411 “Bio-
based products”, the secretariat of which is held by NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
patent rights. CEN shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
Any feedback and questions on this document should be directed to the users’ national standards body.
A complete listing of these bodies can be found on the CEN website.
Introduction
Part of OPEN BIO Deliverable N°3.8 is used as starting point for the description given in this document.
Bio-based products from forestry and agriculture have a long history of application, such as paper, board
and various chemicals and materials. Over the last decades new bio-based products have emerged in the
market. Some of the reasons for the increased interest lie in the bio-based products’ benefits in relation
to the depletion of fossil resources and climate change. Bio-based products may also provide additional
product functionalities. This has triggered a wave of innovation with the development of knowledge and
technologies allowing new transformation processes and product development.
Acknowledging the need for common standards for bio-based products, the European Commission issued
1)
Mandate M/492 , resulting in a series of standards developed by CEN/TC 411, with a focus on bio-based
products other than food, feed and biomass for energy applications.
The standards of CEN/TC 411 “Bio-based products” provide a common basis on the following aspects:
— Common terminology
— Bio-based content determination
— Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)
— Sustainability aspects
— Declaration tools
It is important to understand what the term bio-based product covers and how it is being used. The term
‘bio-based’ means 'derived from biomass'. Bio-based products (bottles, insulation materials, wood and
wood products, paper solvents, chemical intermediates, composite materials, etc.) are products which
are wholly or partly derived from biomass. It is essential to characterize the amount of biomass contained
in the product by, for instance, its bio-based content or bio-based carbon content.
The bio-based content of a product does not provide information on its environmental impact or
sustainability, which may be assessed through LCA and sustainability criteria. In addition, transparent
and unambiguous communication within bio-based value chains is facilitated by a harmonized
framework for certification and declaration.
This document has been developed with the aim to specify the method for the determination of oxygen
content in bio-based products using an elemental analyser. This document provides the reference test
methods for laboratories, producers, suppliers and purchasers of bio-based product materials and
products. It may be also useful for authorities and inspection organizations.
Part of the research leading to this document has been performed under the European Union Seventh
Framework Programme OpenBio (see biobasedeconomy.eu)

) A mandate is a standardization task embedded in European trade laws. Mandate M/492 is addressed to the
European Standardization bodies, CEN, CENELEC and ETSI, for the development of horizontal European Standards
for bio-based products.
1 Scope
This document provides an overview of existing applications of isotope ratio analysis of carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen that are relevant to the analysis of bio-based feedstocks, products and
production processes.
The stable isotope ratios of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen can be used to obtain information
about the origin of bio-based feedstock and characteristics of production processes of bio-based
products. However, no or limited attention for the use of the elements nitrogen and sulphur is given in
this document due to the fact that these applications are not yet available.
2 Normative references
The following documents, in whole or in part, are normatively referenced in this document and are
indispensable for its application. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated
references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies.
EN 16575:2014, Bio-based products - Vocabulary
3 Terms and definitions
For the purposes of this document, the terms and definitions given in EN 16575:2014 apply
4 Direct isotopic measurements
As described previously in Direct Automation OPEN BIO Deliverable N°3.7, isotopic measurements are
performed using an Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer (IRMS). In order to test various samples (solids,
liquids), automatic elemental analysers (EA)are connected to isotope ratio mass spectrometer for whole
sample material for Bulk Stable Isotope Analysis (BSIA). This methodology is easy to operate, carries out
fast analyses (few minutes), and has relative low cost enabling multi isotopic determinations. EA-IRMS is
very suitable for regular authenticity controls of pure raw materials. Usually isotopic instruments are
able to give the isotopic values of all organic elements contained in the samples.
Isotopic ratio mass spectrometer can also be connected to chromatography devices (separate methods)
combustion or pyrolysis interface for Compound Specific Isotope Analysis (CSIA).Two different processes
are available(GC-C/P-IRMS or LC-co-IRMS) depending on the molecules to be investigated. This approach
is extremely appropriate for regular authenticity control of natural mixture samples (flavour, ho
...