91.060.20 - Roofs
ICS 91.060.20 Details
Roofs
Dacher
Toitures
Strehe
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 91.060.20 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Roofs". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 554 standards classified under ICS 91.060.20 (Roofs). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies a method for the determination of the length, width and straightness of bitumen sheets for roof waterproofing.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the resistance tearing (nail shank) of bitumen sheets for roofing.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides product category rules (PCR) for the assessment of the environmental performance of reinforced bitumen, plastic and rubber flexible sheets for which the intended use is roof waterproofing.
NOTE The reference product standards are EN 13707 and EN 13956.
This document is intended to be used for the development and issue of a cradle to gate with options, modules C1-C4 and module D EPD using specific data. This document includes requirements and rules to:
- define the indicators to be declared and the way in which they are collected and reported;
- describe which stages of a product’s life cycle are considered in the EPD and which processes are to be included in the life cycle stages;
- include the rules for calculating the life cycle inventory (LCI) and the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) underlying an EPD, including the specification of the quality of the applied data.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides product category rules (PCR) for the assessment of the environmental performance of reinforced bitumen, plastic and rubber flexible sheets for which the intended use is roof waterproofing.
NOTE The reference product standards are EN 13707 and EN 13956.
This document is intended to be used for the development and issue of a cradle to grave and module D EPD using:
- either generic data and system generic data;
or
- specific data and system specific data.
This document includes requirements and rules to:
- define the indicators to be declared and the way in which they are collected and reported;
- describe which stages of a product’s life cycle are considered in the EPD and which processes are to be included in the life cycle stages;
- include the rules for calculating the life cycle inventory (LCI) and the life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) underlying an EPD, including the specification of the quality of the applied data;
- define generic data and system generic data which are to be used for an EPD.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
IEC 60335-2-83:2024 deals with the safety of electrically heated gullies for de-icing the inlet of the drainage system of flat roofs, balconies, and similar structures, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V including direct current (DC) supplied appliances and battery-operated appliances. As far as is practicable, this standard deals with the common hazards presented by appliances which are encountered by all persons in and around the home.
However, in general, it does not take into account
- persons (including children) whose physical, sensory or mental capabilities; or lack of experience and knowledge prevents them from using the appliance safely without supervision or instruction;
- children playing with the appliance.
Attention is drawn to the fact that in many countries additional requirements are specified by the national health authorities, the national authorities responsible for the protection of labour and similar authorities.
This standard does not apply to appliances intended to be used in locations where special conditions prevail, such as the presence of a corrosive or explosive atmosphere (dust, vapour or gas).
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001 and Amendment 1:2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) alignment with IEC 60335-1:2020;
b) removal of test probe 18 (8.1.1, 20.2, B.22.3, B.22.4).
This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60335-1 and its amendments unless that edition precludes it; in that case, the latest edition that does not preclude it is used. It was established on the basis of the sixth edition (2020) of that standard.
- Standard45 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard241 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard30 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
6.1 The wind resistance of sealed asphalt shingles is directly related to the ability of the sealed shingle to resist the force of the wind acting to lift the shingle from the shingle below. This test method employs the measured resistance of the shingle to mechanical uplift after sealing under defined conditions, in a calculation which determines whether this resistance exceeds the calculated force induced by wind passing over the surface of the shingle. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; while these conditions were considered, and assumptions that specify higher than actual loads are used, extreme natural variations are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
6.2 Many factors influence the sealing characteristics of shingles in the field; for example, temperature, time, roof slope, contamination by dirt and debris, and fasteners that are misaligned or under driven and interfere with sealing. It is beyond the scope of this test method to address all of these influences. The classification determined in this test method is based on the mechanical uplift resistance determined when representative samples of shingles are sealed under defined conditions before testing.
6.3 The calculations that support the classes in 4.1 apply to buildings of any risk category and any roof slope where all of the following conditions are applicable:
(1) The ASCE 7-22 mapped basic wind speed (3 s gust) for a given building risk category does not exceed the wind speed associated with the applicable shingle class in Section 4,
(2) The wind exposure category is B or C,
(3) The mean roof height does not exceed 60 ft, and
(4) There are no topographic wind speed-up effects.
Note 4: The assumptions used in the calculations for the classes in 4.1 cover the requirements for the majority of the asphalt shingle roofs installed. If environmental factors are outside those listed above as used in the calculations for these class...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for calculating the wind resistance of asphalt shingles when applied in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and sealed under defined conditions. Shingle designs that depend on interlocking or product rigidity to resist the wind cannot be evaluated using this test method. The method calculates the uplift force exerted on the shingle by the action of wind at specified conditions, and compares that to the mechanical uplift resistance of the shingle. A shingle is determined to be wind resistant at a specified basic wind speed for standard conditions (see 6.3) when the measured uplift resistance exceeds the calculated uplift force for that velocity (3 s gust, ASCE 7).
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the general rules how to select the samples of correctly stored and handled samples of uninstalled bitumen, plastic or rubber sheets for waterproofing. It also specifies the procedures to be followed before the test piece is cut from the sample.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the quality and grading of expanded shale, clay and slate (ESCS) for use as a mineral component of growing media and drainage layer for extensive and intensive vegetative (green) roof systems. ESCS is a lightweight, highly porous and low-density ceramic material produced by expanding and vitrifying select shale, clay or slate in a rotary kiln. The requirements are intended to cover only materials having normal or average gradation characteristics. This specification also describes the materials and manufacture, as well as physical and chemical properties.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the quality and grading of the following materials for use as a mineral component of growing media and drainage layer for extensive and intensive vegetative (green) roof systems. The requirements are intended to cover only materials having normal or average gradation characteristics. Procedures covered in this specification are not intended for evaluating the performance nutrients associated with vegetative (green) roof growing media. Where other materials are to be used, appropriate limits suitable to their use must be specified.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard offers an organized collection of information or a series of options and does not recommend a specific course of action. This document cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this guide may be applicable in all circumstances. This ASTM standard is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this document be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design, construction, and weatherability of structural standing seam steel roof panel systems. It includes performance requirements for the following elements only: panels, concealed panel clips, panel/clip anchorage, and panel joint sealers. Panel material shall be a hot dip metallic coated product in accordance with one of the following commonly used materials: aluminum-, aluminum-zinc alloy-, zinc-, or zinc-5% aluminum alloy metallic-coated sheet steel. The roof system shall be designed for specified design loads and thermal effects without causing seam separation, permanent panel buckling, or weather-tightness loss. Deflection and serviceability shall be accounted for in the panel system for structural integrity. Static and uplift index tests shall be performed to determine the roof's load capacity. Standing seam roof panel systems shall be installed in accordance with the system design requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the design, construction, and weatherability of structural standing seam steel roof panel systems. It includes performance requirements for the following elements only: panels, concealed panel clips, panel/clip anchorage, and panel joint sealers.
Note 1: These systems are used on both low-slope and steep-slope roof applications. They also are used with or without an underlying deck or sheathing.
1.2 The objective of this specification is to provide for the overall performance of the structural standing seam steel roof panel system as defined in 3.2.6 during its service life in order to provide weather protection, carry the specified design loads, and allow proper access over the roof surface in order to provide for periodic maintenance of equipment by the owner.
1.3 In addition to structural, the specifier shall evaluate other characteristics beyond the scope of this specification that affect the final choice of roof construction. These include, but are not limited to, functional, legal, insurance, and economic considerations. See Appendix X1 for specifier's checklist.
1.4 The specification is not intended to exclude products or systems not covered by the referenced documents.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 The text of this specification contains notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information and are not requirements of this specification.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers flexible sheet made from ketone ethylene ester (KEE) as the primary polymer intended for use in single-ply roofing membrane exposed to the weather. The sheet shall be reinforced with fabric.
1.2 In-place roof system design criteria, such as fire resistance, field-seaming strength, material compatibility, uplift resistance, in-situ shrinkage, among others, are factors that must be considered but are beyond the scope of this specification.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains to the test methods portion only, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice is used to outline the minimum necessary elements and conditions to obtain an accurate determination of the location of wet insulation in roofing systems using infrared imaging.
4.2 This practice is not meant to be an instructional document or to provide all the knowledge and background necessary to provide an accurate analysis. For further information, see ANSI-ASHRAE Standard 101 and ISO/DP 6781.3E.
4.3 This practice does not provide methods to determine the cause of moisture or its point of entry. It does not address the suitability of any particular system to function capably as waterproofing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to techniques that employ infrared imaging at night to determine the location of wet insulation in roofing systems that have insulation above the deck in contact with the waterproofing. This practice includes ground-based and aerial inspections. (Warning—Extreme caution shall be taken when accessing or walking on roof surfaces and when operating aircraft at low altitudes, especially at night.) (Warning—It is a good safety practice for at least two people to be present on the roof surface at all times when ground-based inspections are being conducted.)
1.2 This practice addresses criteria for infrared equipment such as minimum resolvable temperature difference, spectral range, instantaneous field of view, and field of view.
1.3 This practice addresses meteorological conditions under which infrared inspections shall be performed.
1.4 This practice addresses the effect of roof construction, material differences, and roof conditions on infrared inspections.
1.5 This practice addresses operating procedures, operator qualifications, and operating practices.
1.6 This practice also addresses verification of infrared data using invasive test methods.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in 1.1.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The solar reflectance of a building envelope surface affects surface temperature and near-surface ambient air temperature. Surfaces with low solar reflectance absorb a high fraction of the incoming solar energy. Sunlight absorbed by a roof or by other building envelope surfaces can be conducted into the building, increasing cooling load and decreasing heating load in a conditioned building, or raising indoor temperature in an unconditioned building. It can also warm the outside air by convection. Determination of solar reflectance can help designers and consumers choose appropriate materials for their buildings and communities.
5.1.1 The solar reflectance of a new building envelope surface often changes within one to two years through deposition and retention of soot and dust; microbiological growth; exposure to sunlight, precipitation, and dew; and other processes of soiling and weathering. For example, light-colored “cool” envelope surfaces with high initial reflectance can experience substantial reflectance loss as they are covered with dark soiling agents. Current product rating programs require roofing manufacturers to report values of solar reflectance and thermal emittance measured after three years of natural exposure (2, 3). A rapid laboratory process for soiling and weathering that simulates the three-year-aged radiative properties of roof and other building envelope surface materials expedites the development, testing, and introduction to market of such products.
5.2 Thermal emittance describes the efficiency with which a surface exchanges thermal radiation with its environment. High thermal emittance enhances the ability of a surface to stay cool in the sun. The thermal emittance of a bare metal surface is initially low, and often increases as it is soiled or oxidized (4). The thermal emittance of a typical non-metal surface is initially high, and remains high after soiling (5).
5.3 This practice allows measurement of the solar reflectance a...
SCOPE
1.1 Practice D7897 applies to simulation of the effects of field exposure on the solar reflectance and thermal emittance of roof surface materials including but not limited to field-applied coatings, factory-applied coatings, single-ply membranes, modified bitumen products, shingles, tiles, and metal products. The solar reflectance and thermal emittance of roof surfacing materials can be changed by exposure to the outdoor environment. These changes are caused by three factors: deposition and retention of airborne pollutants, microbiological growth, and changes in physical or chemical properties. This practice applies to simulation of changes in solar reflectance and thermal emittance induced by deposition and retention of airborne pollutants and, to a limited extent, changes caused by microbiological growth.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This part of EN 508 specifies requirements for self-supporting products for roof covering, wall cladding, lining, liner tray and tile products for discontinuous laying made from stainless steel sheets with or without additional metallic and/or organic coatings. Sheets intended to be used with insulation and membranes are also covered.
This document establishes general characteristics, definitions, classifications and labelling for the products, together with requirements for the materials from which the products can be manufactured. It is intended to be used either by manufacturers to ensure that their products comply with the requirements or by purchasers to verify that the products comply before they are dispatched from the factory. It specifies the requirements for products which enable them to meet all normal service conditions.
This document applies to all discontinuously laid self-supporting external profiled sheets for roof covering, wall cladding, lining, liner trays and tile products with the exception of tiles with a surface area less than 1 m2 and produced by stamping. These profiled roof sheets are designed to keep wind, rain and snow out of the building and to transfer any resultant loads and infrequent maintenance loads to the structure.
This document does not cover products for structural purposes, i.e. it does cover products used in structural class III (according to EN 1993-1-3), it does not cover products used in constructions of structural classes I and II (according to EN 1993-1-3) intended to contribute to the global or partial stability of the building structure by providing racking resistance or resistance to permanent static loads (excluding self-weight of the metal sheet).
No requirements for supporting construction, design of roof or cladding, lining, tile system and execution of connections and flashings are included.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 508 specifies requirements for self-supporting products for roof covering, wall cladding, lining, liner tray and tile products for discontinuous laying made from stainless steel sheets with or without additional metallic and/or organic coatings. Sheets intended to be used with insulation and membranes are also covered.
This document establishes general characteristics, definitions, classifications and labelling for the products, together with requirements for the materials from which the products can be manufactured. It is intended to be used either by manufacturers to ensure that their products comply with the requirements or by purchasers to verify that the products comply before they are dispatched from the factory. It specifies the requirements for products which enable them to meet all normal service conditions.
This document applies to all discontinuously laid self-supporting external profiled sheets for roof covering, wall cladding, lining, liner trays and tile products with the exception of tiles with a surface area less than 1 m2 and produced by stamping. These profiled roof sheets are designed to keep wind, rain and snow out of the building and to transfer any resultant loads and infrequent maintenance loads to the structure.
This document does not cover products for structural purposes, i.e. it does cover products used in structural class III (according to EN 1993-1-3), it does not cover products used in constructions of structural classes I and II (according to EN 1993-1-3) intended to contribute to the global or partial stability of the building structure by providing racking resistance or resistance to permanent static loads (excluding self-weight of the metal sheet).
No requirements for supporting construction, design of roof or cladding, lining, tile system and execution of connections and flashings are included.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification covers inorganic fiber-reinforced organic felt, and inorganic fiber-based asphaltic and nonasphaltic felt underlayments for use as underlayment with steep-slope roofing products. The intent of this specification is to provide criteria for producing and evaluating underlayments with a significantly reduced tendency to wrinkle before or after the installation of steep roofing products. Materials shall be sampled and tested suitably to examine their conformance with performance requirements such as tear strength, pliability, behavior on heating, liquid water transmission, dimensional stability at low to high humidity conditions, and elongation.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers (1) inorganic fiber-reinforced organic felt underlayment, and (2) inorganic fiber-based felt for use as underlayment with steep-slope roofing products. The intent of this specification is to provide criteria for producing and evaluating underlayments with a significantly reduced tendency to wrinkle before or after the installation of steep roofing products.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The following safety hazards caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining water leakage through metal roof panel system sideseams, endlaps, and roof plane penetrations when the roof system is subjected to a specified static water pressure head.
Note 2: In applying the results of tests by this method, note that the performance of a roof or its components or both, is in part a function of proper installation and adjustment. In service, the performance will also depend on the integrity of the supporting construction, roof slope, and on the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes: corrosive atmosphere, aging, ice, vibration, thermal cycling, etc. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex wetting, aging, and other variable conditions that can be encountered in service, including wind-blown ponded water; the effects of temperature and age on sealant performance; differential pressure across the joints due to wind, snow, and ice accumulation; densification and migration; and abrasions within the joint components which may occur during thermal cycling and other weather events. Some joint conditions are more sensitive than others to these factors.
5.2 This test method will evaluate the resistance of roof panels, sideseams, endlaps, and roof plane penetrations to water submersion. It will not evaluate panel resistance to wind driven rain.
Note 3: See Test Method E1646 for a test which evaluates resistance to wind driven rain.
5.3 This test method is not a structural adequacy test.
5.4 This test method is applicable to single skin metal panels, the exterior skin of factory assembled composite panels, and the exterior skin of field assembled composite systems as long as means can be provided to distinguish leakage through the exterior panel sideseams/endlaps and perimeter leakage.
SCOPE
1.1 This laboratory test method covers the determination of the resistance to water penetration of exterior metal roof panel system sideseams, endlaps, and roof plane penetrations when a specified static water pressure head is applied to the outside face of the roof panel.
Note 1: This test method is intended to evaluate water-barrier (not water-shedding) roof system joints and details. These systems are also referred to as hydrostatic roof systems.
1.2 This test method is limited to specimens in which the sideseams and attachments are clearly visible and in which the source of leakage is readily observable.
1.3 This test method excludes performance at roof perimeter conditions.
1.4 This test method is suitable for evaluating leakage at roof plane penetrations such as fasteners, curbs, pipes, and expansion joints under a static water pressure head.
1.5 The proper use of this test method requires a knowledge of the principles of water pressure.
1.6 The text of this standard includes notes and footnotes excluding tables and figures, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers asphaltic primer suitable for use with asphalt in roofing, dampproofing, and waterproofing below or above ground level, for application to concrete, masonry, metal, and asphalt surfaces. Asphalt primer shall be classified as Type I and Type II. To determine the properties of the asphalt primer, the following test methods shall be performed: furol viscosity; distillation; penetration; and matter soluble in trichloroethylene.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asphaltic primer suitable for use with asphalt in roofing, dampproofing, and waterproofing below or above ground level, for application to concrete, masonry, metal, and asphalt surfaces.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the requirements for eaves gutters made of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), fittings and the system intended to be used for rainwater roof drainage.
It applies to:
- solid wall monolayer gutters;
- solid wall multilayer gutters;
- solid wall fittings.
The test parameters for the test methods are specified in the document.
Gutters covered by this document can be used in conjunction with fittings of acrylic materials provided these products meet the applicable requirements of this document.
NOTE 1 Products complying with this document can be used in conjunction with rainwater downpipes conforming to EN 12200-1 [1] and fixed with brackets complying with EN 1462 [2].
This document is applicable to PVC-U gutter systems of any shape with rubber seal or adhesive joints.
NOTE 2 It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections from the size range and the design to take into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes.
NOTE 3 The term "rainwater" in this document is used also to encompass "surface water" (as defined in EN 752 [3]) run-off from buildings.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for eaves gutters made of unplasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC-U), fittings and the system intended to be used for rainwater roof drainage.
It applies to:
- solid wall monolayer gutters;
- solid wall multilayer gutters;
- solid wall fittings.
The test parameters for the test methods are specified in the document.
Gutters covered by this document can be used in conjunction with fittings of acrylic materials provided these products meet the applicable requirements of this document.
NOTE 1 Products complying with this document can be used in conjunction with rainwater downpipes conforming to EN 12200-1 [1] and fixed with brackets complying with EN 1462 [2].
This document is applicable to PVC-U gutter systems of any shape with rubber seal or adhesive joints.
NOTE 2 It is the responsibility of the purchaser or specifier to make the appropriate selections from the size range and the design to take into account their particular requirements and any relevant national regulations and installation practices or codes.
NOTE 3 The term "rainwater" in this document is used also to encompass "surface water" (as defined in EN 752 [3]) run-off from buildings.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the test method to determine the resistance to wind load of the roof build-up system with the waterproofing system bonded to the substrate.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification covers a liquid-applied solvent dispersed elastomeric coating used as a roofing membrane for spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation whose principal polymer in the dispersion contains more than 95 % silicone. The product, as manufactured, shall be in liquid form for application to SPF surfaces by brushing, squeegeeing, rolling, or spraying. The product shall be composed of dispersion containing as the principal polymer more than 95 % silicone polymers to which various pigments and other additives have been added to give the required physical properties. Liquid properties like viscosity, volume solids, and weight solids shall be determined after conducting different tests. Physical properties of cured silicone coating like elongation, tensile strength, permeance, accelerated weathering, adhesion, tear resistance, and low-temperature flexibility shall be determined after a series of tests.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a liquid-applied solvent dispersed elastomeric coating used as a roofing membrane for spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation whose principal polymer in the dispersion contains more than 95 % silicone.
1.2 This specification does not provide guidance for application.
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions, Sections 5 and 6.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a test method to establish the uplift resistance of installed clay or concrete tiles for roofing, complying with the relevant product standard, EN 490 or EN 1304, which are unfixed or mechanically fixed to the substructure.
NOTE The test method has been developed for clay or concrete tiles for roofing, but can apply to other discontinuously laid small elements, such as: slates; fibre cement slates; stones; and, adapted accordingly, to photovoltaic and solar thermal panels.
The test method is applicable to mechanical fixings such as clips, hooks, screws and nails.
The method is not applicable to fixed tiles having fixing patterns with less than every third tile fixed.
The test method is not applicable to under and over tiles. Examples of these tiles are given in Annex F.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a test method to establish the uplift resistance of installed clay or concrete tiles for roofing, complying with the relevant product standard, EN 490 or EN 1304, which are unfixed or mechanically fixed to the substructure.
NOTE The test method has been developed for clay or concrete tiles for roofing, but can apply to other discontinuously laid small elements, such as: slates; fibre cement slates; stones; and, adapted accordingly, to photovoltaic and solar thermal panels.
The test method is applicable to mechanical fixings such as clips, hooks, screws and nails.
The method is not applicable to fixed tiles having fixing patterns with less than every third tile fixed.
The test method is not applicable to under and over tiles. Examples of these tiles are given in Annex F.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The wind resistance of ballasted membrane roof systems is determined largely by the size and weight of the ballast used. ANSI/SPRI RP-4 provides a method for the wind design of ballasted single-ply membrane roof systems and includes specific guidelines for the size and weight of aggregate used as ballast. The aggregate size classifications provided in this standard are intended for use with the guidelines provided in ANSI/SPRI RP-4 in designing the wind resistance of aggregate ballasted single-ply membrane roof systems.
4.2 The aggregate size classifications provided in this classification are intended to provide a basis of compliance for contract documents that specify certain aggregate sizes for use on ballasted membrane systems.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification defines the aggregate size designations and ranges in mechanical analyses for standard sizes of aggregate used as ballast for membrane roof systems.
1.2 The text of this classification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.3 With regard to sieve sizes and the size of aggregate as determined by the use of testing sieves, the values in inch-pound units are shown for the convenience of the user; however, the standard sieve designations shown in parentheses are the standard values as stated in Specification E11.
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Dynamic mechanical analysis provides a measure of the rheological properties of roofing and waterproofing membrane materials.
5.2 Thermogravimetry is used to characterize the thermal stability of roofing and waterproofing membrane materials under the specific temperature program and gaseous atmosphere conditions selected for the analysis.
5.3 Both dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry are used to evaluate the effect of either laboratory-simulated or in-service exposure on roofing and waterproofing membrane materials.
5.4 Both dynamic mechanical analysis and thermogravimetry can be applied to asphalt shingles. However, their application to asphalt shingles is beyond the scope of this practice, which is limited to low-slope membrane materials at this time.
5.5 This practice can be useful in the development of performance criteria for roofing and waterproofing membrane materials.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers test procedures and conditions that are applicable when Test Methods D5023, D5024, D5026, D5279, and D5418 are used for conducting dynamic mechanical analysis of roofing and waterproofing membrane material in three-point bending, compression, tension, torsion, and dual cantilever modes, respectively. The specific method is selected by the analyst and depends on the membrane material and the operating principles of the individual instrument used for the analysis.
1.2 This practice covers test procedures and conditions that are applicable when Test Method E1131 is used for conducting thermogravimetry of roofing and waterproofing membrane material.
1.3 Membrane materials include bituminous built-up roofing, polymer-modified bitumen sheets, vulcanized rubbers, non-vulcanized polymeric sheets, and thermoplastics. The membrane materials can be either nonreinforced or reinforced.
1.4 This practice is applicable to new membrane materials received from the supplier, those exposed artificially in the laboratory or outdoors on an exposure rack, and those sampled from field installations.
1.5 This practice contains notes which are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.
1.6 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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The document provides the terminology relating to cool materials and a guide to the implementation of cool surfaces for building envelopes to mitigate the urban overheating effects. It concentrates on the application to roofs.
The document will focus on urban areas for local authorities and building/construction owners.
The users of CWA 17890:2022 will be local authorities, urban planners for cities including construction, infrastructures and landscape architects.
In addition, the terminology and characteristics of cool materials will serve as a reference for other applications where the use of cool materials will have a significant contribution to adaptation to climate change as well as quality of life, such as for roads and pavements.
Whilst reflective surfaces can be very beneficial, they are not appropriate or effective in all climates for all buildings or building constructions and some guidance is provided.
- Standardization document54 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Technical report54 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
The document provides the terminology relating to cool materials and a guide to the implementation of cool surfaces for building envelopes to mitigate the urban overheating effects. It concentrates on the application to roofs.
The document will focus on urban areas for local authorities and building/construction owners.
The users of CWA 17890:2022 will be local authorities, urban planners for cities including construction, infrastructures and landscape architects.
In addition, the terminology and characteristics of cool materials will serve as a reference for other applications where the use of cool materials will have a significant contribution to adaptation to climate change as well as quality of life, such as for roads and pavements.
Whilst reflective surfaces can be very beneficial, they are not appropriate or effective in all climates for all buildings or building constructions and some guidance is provided.
- Standardization document54 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Technical report54 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for the acceptance of commercial shipments of vertical strip drains.
5.1.1 In case of dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is any statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that as homogenous as possible, and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens should be randomly assigned in numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Student's t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the start of testing. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.
5.2 Vertical strip drains are installed in areas where it is desired to increase the rate of soil consolidation. It has been shown that as the soil around the vertical strip drain consolidates, a crimp may form in the vertical strip drain due to the movement of the drain in the area of soil consolidation.
5.3 This test method can be used to evaluate if there is any reduction in flow rate of water through the drain due to the crimping, and what effect, if any, this crimping may have on the rate of consolidation of the soil.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is a performance test that measures the effect crimping has on the ability of vertical strip drains to transmit water parallel to the plane of the drain.
1.2 This test method is applicable to all vertical strip drains.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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The document establishes an agreed method for evaluation of pull through resistance (tension/compression for fasteners through the sheets), shear resistance, bending strength and bending modulus of elasticity and suggests an approved safety concept of fibre-cement flat sheets for internal and external wall and ceiling finishes based on the experiences obtained over the last number of years in different countries. The results are only applicable to the fibre-cement product and not to the complete fixing assembly.
NOTE 1 For design purposes of fibre-cement flat sheets in the final application, the failure modes pull-out and breaking of the fixing or substructure are not in the scope of this standard. They might become decisive and need to be tested or calculated according to the relevant design standards for fixings (e.g. EN 14592) or ETA and substructure (e.g. Eurocode 3 for steel, Eurocode 5 for wood and Eurocode 9 for aluminium substructures) and compared with the results for pull-through and shear resistance.
The results are also applicable for:
— Coated or uncoated sheets manufactured at the same production facility as the tested sheets provided that the sheets are of the same type, have at least the same declared class according to EN 12467:2012+A2:2018, Table 6 and at least the same nominal thickness.
— The test method can be applied to textured or non-textured fibre-cement flat sheets. The results of non-textured sheets are only applicable for textured sheets if the nominal minimum thickness of the textured sheet is at least the nominal thickness of the non-textured sheet.
— The same type of fixing head or washer assembly where applicable if the diameter of the fixing head or washer is 0 mm to 2 mm larger than in the test.
— The Shore A hardness of the sealing washer, where applicable, is ± 5 that of the washer used in the test, given that the washer thickness is at least as thick, the washer material at least as strong and the shape (dome or flat) of the washer equal to what has been tested.
NOTE 2
A) For pull-through resistance, if the diameter of the drilled hole through the fibre-cement sheet is 0 mm to 2 mm smaller or equal than in the test up to the diameter of the shank of the fastener, providing, during the test there is the required clearance hole around the shank of the fastener.
B) For shear resistance, if the diameter of the drilled hole is equal to what has been tested.
It applies only to products as delivered.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Excess moisture trapped in roofing or waterproofing systems can adversely affect performance and lead to premature failure of roofing or waterproofing systems and its components. It also reduces thermal resistance, resulting in reduced energy efficiency and inflated energy costs. Impedance scans can be effective in identifying concealed and entrapped moisture within roofing or waterproofing systems.
5.2 This practice is intended to be used at various stages of the roofing and waterproofing system’s life such as: during or at completion of installation of roofing or waterproofing system to determine if there was moisture intrusion into the roofing or waterproofing system or underlying materials; at regular intervals as part of a preventative maintenance program; and to aid in condition assessment, or before replacement or repair work, or combinations thereof, to assist in determining the extent of work and replacement materials.
5.3 This practice alone does not determine the cause of moisture infiltration into roofing or waterproofing systems; however, it can be used to help tracing excess moisture to the point of ingress.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to techniques that use nondestructive electrical impedance (EI) scanners to locate moisture and evaluate the comparative moisture content within insulated low-slope roofing and waterproofing systems.
1.2 This practice is applicable to roofing and waterproofing systems wherein insulation is placed above the deck and positioned underneath and in contact with electrically nonconductive single-ply or built-up roofing and waterproofing membranes and systems such as coal tar, asphalt, modified bitumen, thermoplastics, spray polyurethane foam, and similar electrically nonconductive membrane materials. This practice is also applicable to roofing and waterproofing systems without insulation placed above moisture absorbing decks such as wood, concrete, or gypsum, that are in contact with single-ply or built-up roofing and waterproofing membranes as described above.
1.3 This practice is applicable to roofing and waterproofing systems incorporating electrically nonconductive rigid board insulation made from materials such as organic fibers, perlite, cork, fiberglass, wood-fiber, polyisocyanurate, polystyrene, phenolic foam, composite boards, gypsum substrate boards, and other electrically nonconductive roofing and waterproofing systems such as spray-applied polyurethane foam.
1.4 This practice is not appropriate for all combinations of materials used in roofing and waterproofing systems.
1.4.1 Metal and other electrically conductive surface coverings and near-surface embedded metallic components are not suitable for surveying with impedance scanners because of the electrical conductivity of these materials.
1.4.2 This practice is not appropriate for use with black EPDM, any membranes containing black EPDM, or black EPDM coatings because black EPDM gives false positive readings.
1.4.3 Aluminum foil on top-faced insulation, roofing, or waterproofing membranes gives a false positive reading and is not suitable for surveying with impedance scanners; however, liquid-applied aluminum pigmented emulsified asphalt-based coatings shall not normally affect impedance scanner readings.
1.4.3.1 This practice is not appropriate for use with aluminium foil faced modified bitumen membranes, as the electrical conductivity of the aluminium foil surface can give false positive readings.
1.4.4 While their overburden remains in place, this practice is not appropriate for use with inverted roof membrane assemblies (IRMAs) or protected roof assemblies (PRMAs), which contain above the deck waterproof membrane and overburden that may include insulation, drainage components, pavers, aggregate, ballast, vegetation, or combinations thereof, because the impedance scanner will not differentiate between above and below the membrane moisture.
1.4.5 S...
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- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 To properly evaluate prefabricated vertical drains, tests must be performed according to specific test methods and procedures. Failure to follow this practice can result in data not representative of the product's characteristics and performance.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides recommendations for the selection of appropriate test methods for prefabricated vertical geocomposite drains (sometimes referred to as wick drains) used in geotechnical engineering applications to provide consistency in data reporting.
1.2 This guide includes test methods for all types of prefabricated geocomposite drains manufactured in a plant and consisting of a polymeric core structure with a synthetic fabric (geotextile) jacket for filtration.
1.3 This guide is intended to aid all personnel involved in the selection, manufacture, installation, or evaluation of prefabricated vertical drains.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is a standard procedure for determining air leakage characteristics under specified air pressure differences.
Note 1: The air pressure differences acting across a building envelope vary greatly. The slope of the roof and other factors affecting air pressure differences and the implications of the resulting air leakage relative to the environment within buildings are discussed in the literature.4,5,6 These factors shall be considered fully when specifying the test pressure difference to be used.
Note 2: When applying the results of tests by this test method, note that the performance of a roof or its components, or both, may be a function of proper installation and adjustment. The performance in service will also depend on the rigidity of supporting construction, the presence of interior treatments, the roof slope, and the resistance of components to deterioration by various causes: corrosive atmospheres, aging, ice, vibration, thermal expansion, and contraction, etc. It is difficult to simulate the identical complex environmental conditions that can be encountered in service, including rapidly changing pressures due to wind gusting. Some designs are more sensitive than others to these environmental conditions.
5.2 Rates of air leakage are sometimes used for comparison purposes. The comparisons are not always valid unless the components being tested and compared are of essentially the same size, configuration, and design.
Note 3: The specimen construction discussed in 1.2 and required in 8.1 isolates a source of leakage. The rate of air leakage measured during the test method has units of cubic feet per minute per square foot (litres per second per square metre). Openings and details such as end laps or roof curbs are excluded since leakage is measured more appropriately in cubic feet per minute per foot (litres per second per metre) at these conditions. The test specimen area is relatively small; the inclusion of details will give unrea...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance of exterior metal roof panel systems to air infiltration resulting from either positive or negative air pressure differences. The test method described is for tests with constant temperature and humidity across the specimen. This test method is a specialized adaption of Test Method E283.
1.2 This test method is applicable to any roof area. This test method is intended to measure only the air leakage associated with the field of the roof, including the panel side laps and structural connections; it does not include leakage at the openings or perimeter or any other details.
1.3 The proper use of this test method requires knowledge of the principles of air flow and pressure measurements.
1.4 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes excluding tables and figures, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes shall not be considered to be requirements of the test method.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 7.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This part of EN 508 specifies requirements for self-supporting roofing, covering, wall cladding, lining, liner tray and tile products for discontinuous laying made from metallic coated steel sheet with or without additional organic coatings. Sheets intended to be used with insulation and membranes are also covered.
This document establishes general characteristics, definitions, classifications and labelling for the products, together with requirements for the materials from which the products can be manufactured. It is intended to be used either by manufacturers to ensure that their products comply with the requirements or by purchasers to verify that the products comply when purchased before they are dispatched from the factory. It specifies the requirements for products which enable them to meet all normal service conditions.
This document applies to all discontinuously laid self-supporting external profiled sheets for roofing covering, wall cladding, lining, and liner trays, with the exception of tiles with a surface area less than 1 m2 and produced by stamping. These profiled sheets are designed to keep wind, rain and snow out of the building and to transfer any resultant loads and infrequent maintenance loads to the structure.
This document does not cover products for structural purposes, i.e. it does cover products used in constructions of structural Class III (according to EN 1993-1-3), it does not cover products used in constructions of structural Classes I and II (according to EN 1993-1-3) intended to contribute to the global or partial stability of the building structure by providing racking resistance or resistance to permanent static loads (excluding self-weight of the metal sheet).
No requirements for supporting construction, design of roof, cladding, lining, tile system and execution of connections and flashings are included.
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This document specifies test methods for pull through (tension/compression testing for fasteners through the sheets) and shear resistance of fibre-cement profiled sheets according to EN 494. The results are only applicable to the fibre-cement product and not to the complete fixing assembly.
It applies only to products as delivered.
The field of application for pull through resistance is defined in 7.6.
The field of application for shear resistance is defined in 8.6.
NOTE For design purposes of fibre-cement profiled sheets in the final application, the failure modes pull-out and breaking of the fixings or substructure are not in the scope of this standard. They might become decisive and need to be tested or calculated according to the relevant design standards for fixings (e.g. Eurocode 3 for steel, Eurocode 5 for wood and Eurocode 9 for aluminium substructures) and compared with the results for pull-through and shear resistance.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The air permeability of roofing systems constructed from discrete elements, as is the case for clay and concrete tile and slate roof systems, is a critical factor in determining the wind resistance of the roof system. The ability of the roof system to relieve wind-induced uplift pressures as a result of the overall air permeability of the roof assembly relates to the resistance of the roof system to damage induced by wind.
5.2 Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
SCOPE
1.1 The air permeability of tile roofing systems is a critical factor in determining the wind resistance of tile roofing as applied to a roof. This Standard describes a procedure for measuring the air permeability of clay and concrete tile and slate roof systems when applied to a small section of roof deck in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
1.2 This test procedure measures the air permeability of a laid array of unsealed clay or concrete roof tiles or slates. The tiles or slates shall have a thickness between 1/8-in. (3-mm) and 2-in. (51-mm).
1.3 The text of this test method references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification deals with the standards for concrete tiles intended for use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design. The tiles are manufacture from cement, water, and mineral aggregates and shaped during manufacturing by molding, pressing, or extrustion. The tiles may or may not contain inclusion of other materials. The tiles shall also be tested for the following requirements: dimensional tolerance, freeze thaw, transverse strength, permeability, and water absorption.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers concrete tiles intended for the use as roof covering where durability and appearance are required to provide a weather-resistant surface of specified design.
1.2 Tiles are manufactured from portland cement, water, and mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials.
1.3 Tiles are shaped during manufacturing by molding, pressing, or extrusion. The shaping method can be used to describe the tile.
1.4 Other constituents, such as chemical and mineral admixtures established as suitable for use in concrete, shall conform to ASTM standard specifications where applicable, or shall be shown by tests or experience not to be detrimental to the durability of concrete.
1.5 Tiles are generally planar or undulating rectangular shapes available in a variety of cross-sectional areas profiles, shapes, sizes, surface textures, and colors.
Note 1: Concrete roof tiles covered by this specification are made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.
Note 2: When particular features are desired, such as color, surface texture for appearance, or other special features, such properties should be specified by the purchaser. However. the local sellers should be consulted as to the availability of concrete roof tile having a desired feature.
1.6 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.7 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 It is known that the observed effects of wind simulated in a wind-tunnel apparatus are related to the effects observed from natural wind. The resistance of tiles to simulated wind in this test relates to the resistance of the tiles to the effects of natural wind when they are applied to a roof. One factor in the resistance of the tiles to the effects of both natural and simulated wind is the method of attachment specified in the manufacturer's instructions. This test method determines the uplift forces acting as a result of the simulated wind when tile are attached to a section of roof deck in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Natural wind conditions differ with respect to intensity, duration, and turbulence; these conditions are beyond the means of this test method to simulate.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure to determine the resistance of concrete and clay roof tiles to simulated wind effects in a wind-tunnel apparatus. Simulated wind velocities of 70 mph (31 m/s) to 130 mph (58 m/s) are employed.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification addresses mechanically attached polymeric roof underlayment used in steep slope roofing.
1.2 The objective of this specification is to provide a finished product that will be used as a water-shedding underlayment layer on steep sloped roofs prior to and after installation of the primary roof covering.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The information provided in this standard guide is intended for use by designers and specifiers of siphonic roof drainage systems and their related components. Specifically, this guide addresses the use and limitations of plastic pipe and fittings in siphonic roof drainage systems where internal operating pressures are typically sub-atmospheric.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers design and installation considerations for plastic siphonic roof drain systems for industrial, commercial, public, and residential buildings. Requirements for materials, pipe, and fittings are included.
1.2 The interchangeability of pipe and fittings made by different manufacturers is not addressed in this guide. Transition fittings for joining pipe and fittings of different manufacturers is provided for in the referenced pipe and fitting specification.
1.3 In referee decisions, the SI units shall be used for metric-sized pipe and inch-pound units for pipe sized in the IPS system (ANSI B36.10). In all cases, the values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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TC origin: last two paragraphs replaced by new one in 8.4 and additional hyphen in Clause 12
- Corrigendum2 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives guidance for the design of a roof waterproofing system mechanically fastened to the structural deck in relation to wind load resistance.
This document is intended to be used together with EN 16002 and the relevant clauses of EAD-030351-00-0402-2019.
This guideline does not include the seperate fastening requirements of the insulation boards, the securement to upstands, perimeter fastening, flashings or other roof details.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 An important factor affecting the performance of seams of EPDM membranes is their ability to remain bonded over the membrane's expected service life. Time-to-failure tests provide a means of characterizing the behavior of joints under constant load over time.
Note 1: Table 1 is based on the results of an industry government consortium study on creep-rupture resistance (time-to-failure) of EPDM adhesive joints.4,5 Referral to Footnotes 4 and 5 provides typical time-to-failure data, developed under the conditions in Table 1, for EPDM joints fabricated in the laboratory with non-reinforced EPDM roof membrane material, butyl-based tapes, and liquid adhesives. It is noted that the peel load specified in this practice is 9.8 N [2.2 lbf]. The peel load under which the tests described in Footnotes 4 and 5 were conducted was 9.3 N [2.1 lbf]. A load of 9.8 N [2.2 lbf] corresponds to 1 kgf [2.2 lbf], and dead weights of 1-kg [2.2-lbm] mass are available through laboratory equipment supply houses. Similarly, a load of 29.4 N [6.6 lbf] corresponds to a dead weight of 3-kg [6.6-lbm] mass.
5.2 Time-to-failure tests complement other mechanical tests such as strength for characterizing joints of EPDM roof membranes, and can be incorporated in specifications for adhesives for joining EPDM roof membrane material.
5.3 This practice, which is specific to EPDM joints, complements Test Method D5405/D5405M that provides general requirements for the preparation and creep-rupture testing of joints fabricated from any nonbituminous organic roof membrane material.
5.4 Laboratory experience in conducting time-to-failure tests of joints EPDM roof membranes has shown that specimens are less creep-resistant under peel loading than under shear loading. Consequently, the majority of the tests stipulated in this practice are performed under peel loading.
5.5 This practice does not develop time-to-failure data on all environmental conditions to which EPDM adhesive seams can be subjec...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers sample preparation temperatures, test parameters, and specimen exposure conditions that are applicable when Test Method D5405/D5405M is used for conducting time-to-failure (creep-rupture) tests of adhesive joints fabricated from ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM) roof membrane material.
1.2 This practice is applicable to joints fabricated in the laboratory from EPDM roof membrane materials and adhesives received from suppliers, and to joints prepared from EPDM seams sampled from field installations.
1.3 The joints are bonded using preformed tape or liquid-based adhesives, and EPDM roof membrane materials that are non-reinforced, fabric- or scrim-reinforced, and fabric backed. Primers are also used as recommended for the specific adhesive.
1.4 This practice contains notes that are explanatory and are not part of the mandatory requirements of this practice.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
These test methods cover the procedures for characterizing thermoplastic fabrics (for example polyester, polyamide, polypropylene, and so forth) used in prefabricated roofing and waterproofing membranes. The procedures appear in the following order: (1) unit mass, (2) thickness, (3) breaking load, elongation at break, and work-to-break, (4) trapezoid tearing strength, (5) puncture strength (6) static heat stability, and (7) dynamic heat stability. Sampling, test specimen preparation and conditioning, and calculations (including rupturing load and percentage change in length for puncture strength and heat stability, respectively) for the procedures are detailed. The test apparatus for the procedures are as follows: breaking load, elongation at break, and work-to-break: CRE machine; puncture strength: tensile testing machine, ring clamp attachment, and solid steel rod; static heat stability: self-supporting aluminum mounting board, oven, ruler, clips, timing device, and marking pen; dynamic heat stability: self-supporting aluminum mounting board, oven, bulldog clamps, ruler, hook weight set, timing device, and marking pen. The solid steel rod for the puncture strength test apparatus is illustrated.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the procedures for characterizing thermoplastic fabrics (for example polyester, polyamide, polypropylene, and so forth) used in prefabricated roofing and waterproofing membranes.
1.2 Procedures appear in the following order:
Section
Unit Mass
3
Thickness
4
Breaking Load, Elongation, and Work-to-Break
5
Trapezoid Tearing Strength
6
Puncture Strength
7
Static Heat Stability
8
Dynamic Heat Stability
9
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The ability to absorb kerosine is an indication of the ability to absorb hot asphalt. The kerosine number is used in calculating saturation efficiency.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the relative saturating capacity of unsaturated (dry) felt papers used in roofing.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Quality assurance observation of roofing projects is an important process for determining if the removal, installation, repair, or maintenance of roofing materials or systems follows the scope and intent of the contract documents and are installed and executed in accordance with accepted roofing practices and the contract documents.
4.2 This practice is applied to full-time quality assurance observation of roofing projects involving the removal, construction, and repair and maintenance of low and steep-slope roof systems and roofing-related accessories.
4.3 This practice establishes the role and responsibilities of those performing quality assurance observation and includes qualifications of the quality assurance observer, as well as procedures for observation and documentation during the roof construction or repair process.
4.4 If used, nothing in this practice shall be interpreted as precluding the use of all or parts of it while conducting full-time or part-time quality assurance observer (QAO) inspection.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for performing visual monitoring of roofing construction to:
1.1.1 Establish guidelines for quality assurance observation practices; and
1.1.2 Define the role and responsibilities of the quality assurance observer.
1.2 This practice pertains to quality assurance observation of roofing projects and the report of information obtained from these observations. This practice is applicable to new construction or reroofing projects involving the installation of a new roof system, the removal of existing roofing and installation of a new roof system, or recovering an existing roof. It is also applicable to roofing projects involving repairs or scheduled maintenance to an existing roof.
1.3 This practice contains the following information:
1.3.1 The objectives of the quality assurance process;
1.3.2 The responsibilities and qualifications of the individual(s) involved in the observations of the roof construction or repair;
1.3.3 Identification and use of the basic tools or equipment required for the visual roof observation process; and
1.3.4 Monitoring, recording, and reporting procedures.
1.4 This practice addresses new construction or repair. This practice does not address the investigation, condition, or analysis of existing roofs.
1.5 This practice does not address practices of roof investigation, condition reporting, or analysis of preexisting roofs.
1.6 This practice does not pertain to quality control processes or techniques performed by persons or entities representing or under contract to the roofing contractor. The quality control process is separate and distinct from the quality assurance observation process.
1.7 Assessment of safe work practices or safety monitoring procedures followed by the contractor is outside the scope of this practice.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This part of EN 508 specifies requirements for self-supporting roofing, covering, wall cladding, lining, liner tray and tile products for discontinuous laying made from metallic coated steel sheet with or without additional organic coatings. Sheets intended to be used with insulation and membranes are also covered.
This document establishes general characteristics, definitions, classifications and labelling for the products, together with requirements for the materials from which the products can be manufactured. It is intended to be used either by manufacturers to ensure that their products comply with the requirements or by purchasers to verify that the products comply when purchased before they are dispatched from the factory. It specifies the requirements for products which enable them to meet all normal service conditions.
This document applies to all discontinuously laid self-supporting external profiled sheets for roofing covering, wall cladding, lining, and liner trays, with the exception of tiles with a surface area less than 1 m2 and produced by stamping. These profiled sheets are designed to keep wind, rain and snow out of the building and to transfer any resultant loads and infrequent maintenance loads to the structure.
This document does not cover products for structural purposes, i.e. it does cover products used in constructions of structural Class III (according to EN 1993-1-3), it does not cover products used in constructions of structural Classes I and II (according to EN 1993-1-3) intended to contribute to the global or partial stability of the building structure by providing racking resistance or resistance to permanent static loads (excluding self-weight of the metal sheet).
No requirements for supporting construction, design of roof, cladding, lining, tile system and execution of connections and flashings are included.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice establishes the procedure to determine adjustment factors that account for the isolated effects of fire-retardant treatment on plywood roof sheathing. These effects are established relative to performance of untreated plywood. This practice uses data from reference thermal-load cycles designed to simulate temperatures in sloped roofs of common design to evaluate products for 50 iterations.
5.2 This practice applies to material installed using construction practices recommended by the fire retardant chemical manufacturers that include avoiding exposure to precipitation, direct wetting, or regular condensation. This practice is not meant to apply to buildings with significantly different designs than those described in 1.3.
5.3 Test Method D5516 caused thermally induced strength losses in laboratory simulations within a reasonably short period. The environmental conditions used in the laboratory-activated chemical reactions that are considered to be similar to those occurring in the field. This assumption is the fundamental basis of this practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for calculating adjustment factors that account for the effects of fire-retardant treatment on bending strength of plywood roof sheathing. The adjustment factors calculated in accordance with this practice are to be applied to design values for untreated plywood in order to determine design values for fire-retardant-treated plywood used as sheathing in roof systems. The methods establish the effect of treatment based upon matched bending strength testing of materials with and without treatment after exposure at elevated temperatures.
Note 1: This analysis focuses on the relative performance of treated and untreated materials tested after equilibrating to ambient conditions following a controlled exposure to specified conditions of high temperature and humidity. Elevated temperature, moisture, load duration, and other factors typically accounted for in the design of untreated plywood must also be considered in the design of fire-retardant-treated plywood roof sheathing, but are outside the scope of the treatment adjustments developed under this practice.
1.2 It is assumed that the procedures will be used for fire-retardant-treated plywood installed using appropriate construction practices recommended by the fire retardant chemical manufacturers, which include avoiding exposure to precipitation, direct wetting, or regular condensation.
1.3 This practice uses thermal load profiles reflective of exposures encountered in normal service conditions in a wide variety of continental United States climates. The heat gains, solar loads, roof slopes, ventilation rates, and other parameters used in this practice were chosen to reflect common sloped roof designs. This practice is applicable to roofs of 3 in 12 or steeper slopes, to roofs designed with vent areas and vent locations conforming to national standards of practice, and to designs in which the bottom side of the sheathing is exposed to ventilation air. These conditions may not apply to significantly different designs and therefore this practice may not apply to such designs.
1.4 Information and a brief discussion supporting the provisions of this practice are in the Commentary in the appendix. A large, more detailed, separate Commentary is also available from ASTM.2
1.5 The methodology in this practice is not meant to account for all reported instances of fire-retardant plywood undergoing premature heat degradation.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety...
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ABSTRACT
This specification is for nonmetallic honeycomb core used in the manufacture of adhesively bonded sandwich panels for tactical shelters. Five types of nonmetallic honeycomb material are specified: type I - honeycomb for use in panels which are required to have a high load-carrying capability that could not be adequately met using any of the other type; type II - honeycomb for use in panels which are required to have a load-carrying capability that could not be adequately met by using materials of any of types III, IV, or V; type III - honeycomb for general use in panels where the higher performances of types I, II, and IV materials are not required; type IV - honeycomb similar to type II but with slightly lower performance; and type V - honeycomb similar to type III but with slightly lower performance. The density, honeycomb core shear, honeycomb core compression, honeycomb core cyclic aging, honeycomb core brittleness impact, flatwise tensile, and pH shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed. The fungus resistance test, thermal resistance test, shear modulus test, core compressive modulus test, water migration resistance test, flame resistance test, and dimensional examination shall be performed to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is for nonmetallic honeycomb core used in the manufacture of adhesively bonded sandwich panels for tactical shelters. The materials are intended for adhesive bonding to aluminum facings using materials and processes defined by Practices E864 and E874, and Specifications E865, E866, and E990. This specification covers five main types of honeycomb for use in sandwich panels, Types I, II, III, IV, and V. Types I, II, and III honeycombs correspond to three honeycomb densities. Types IV and V are similar to Types II and III, respectively, but have lower performance requirements.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard. For conversion of quantities in various systems of measurement to SI units, refer to Practice E380.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification applies to metal canopy systems including structural framing, canopy deck system, drainage system, fascia panels, accessories and trim, and canopy concrete foundations and accessories. It specifies the requirements for pre-engineered metal canopy systems, manufacturer's standard mutually dependent components, and assemblies that form a pre-engineered overhead canopy system to enhance safety and security. The pre-engineered overhead canopy system shall be capable of withstanding required design loads per the International Building Code as adopted or modified by local jurisdictions, thermally induced movement, and exposure to weather without failure. Primary structural frame design shall include fixed-base columns capable of transferring moments and forces into foundations, as well as roof purlins, main frame beams, and tube columns, plus secondary framing, canopy deck and fascia panels, and accessories. The requirements also cover submittals; delivery, storage, and handling; coordination; and warranty. Erection of structural steel, canopy deck panel installation, fascia installation, accessory installation, and cleaning and protection are also covered by this specification.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification includes the following:
1.1.1 Structural framing,
1.1.2 Canopy Deck System,
1.1.3 Drainage system,
1.1.4 Fascia panels,
1.1.5 Accessories and trim, and
1.1.6 Canopy concrete foundations and accessories.
1.2 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Durable adhesive bonds to aluminum alloys can be obtained reliably only through proper selection and careful control of the materials used and the steps in the bonding process. The preparation of the aluminum alloys to obtain clean, uniform surfaces with appropriate characteristics is a critical step. This practice describes how such surfaces can be obtained.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the preparation of clean uniform surfaces of aluminum alloys suitable for formation of durable adhesive bonds to nonmetallic honeycomb materials in the manufacture of sandwich panels for tactical shelters.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard where only SI units are given or where SI units are given first followed by inch-pound units; where inch-pound units are given first followed by SI units, the inch-pound units are to regarded as standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific warning statement, see 6.2.1.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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