98/70/EC - Quality of petrol and diesel fuels (Dir. 93/12/EEC amendment)
Directive 98/70/EC establishes standards for petrol and diesel fuels to protect human health and the environment by reducing harmful vehicle emissions within the EU market. It mandates the phase-out of leaded petrol by 2000 and sets progressively stricter environmental specifications for unleaded petrol and diesel fuels by 2005. Member States must ensure fuel quality compliance and may apply more stringent local fuel standards in areas with serious air pollution issues. The Directive also allows for derogations under specific conditions such as industrial difficulties or supply disruptions, with a requirement to notify the European Commission. Additionally, it promotes uniform monitoring systems and reporting of fuel quality across Member States to ensure transparency and consistency. This legislation supports the EU’s broader strategy to improve air quality, reduce pollutants like nitrogen oxides, benzene, and sulphur compounds, and harmonize fuel standards to facilitate the internal market and encourage cleaner energy use in transport.
Purpose
Directive 98/70/EC establishes technical specifications for petrol and diesel fuels used in vehicles equipped with positive-ignition (petrol) and compression-ignition (diesel) engines, aiming to improve air quality and protect human health and the environment. It harmonizes fuel quality standards across EU Member States to eliminate trade barriers and ensure the proper functioning of the internal market. The directive focuses on reducing harmful exhaust and evaporative emissions such as nitrogen oxides, unburnt hydrocarbons, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, benzene, and other toxic substances.
The directive implements a two-stage timeline for fuel quality improvements-initial specifications effective from 2000, and stricter standards to come into force by 2005. It also promotes the compatibility of fuel quality with evolving vehicle emission limits and supports the gradual phase-out of leaded petrol. The directive allows Member States to enforce more stringent environmental fuel requirements in specific areas with severe pollution.
Key Obligations
Lead in Petrol: Complete prohibition of marketing leaded petrol by 1 January 2000, with limited derogations allowing use until 1 January 2005 under specific conditions, e.g., socioeconomic hardships. Lead content in leaded petrol is capped at 0.15 g/l.
Fuel Specifications:
- From 1 January 2000, unleaded petrol and diesel fuels marketed must comply with environmental specifications in Annexes I and II respectively.
- Higher environmental standards listed in Annexes III and IV must apply by 1 January 2005.
- Member States may request authorisations to delay compliance (until 2003 or 2007) if severe difficulties arise in adjusting manufacturing facilities.
Free Market Circulation: No Member State may prohibit, restrict, or prevent the marketing of fuels that meet the directive’s requirements.
More Stringent Local Specifications: Member States can require the marketing of fuels with more stringent environmental specifications in specific areas facing serious and recurring pollution problems, subject to Commission approval.
Exceptional Supply Changes: The Commission can authorize temporary relaxation of limits for up to six months if a sudden change in crude oil supply causes difficulties in meeting specifications.
Monitoring and Reporting: Member States must monitor fuel compliance based on specified analytical methods and submit annual statistical summaries in a common format to the Commission.
Affected Products and Actors
Petrol: Defined as volatile mineral oil intended for positive-ignition engines within specified CN codes.
Diesel Fuels: Gas oils used for self-propelling vehicles with compression-ignition engines as per relevant directives, including some non-road mobile machinery and agricultural tractors.
Refineries and Fuel Producers: Required to meet the quality specifications by the deadlines.
Member States: Responsible for enforcement, monitoring, reporting, and possibly requesting derogations or implementing stricter local standards.
Vehicle Operators and Consumers: Indirectly affected through availability of cleaner fuels and potential restrictions on older vehicles using leaded petrol.
Implementation Timeline
By 1 January 2000:
- Ban on marketing of leaded petrol (with possible derogations).
- Unleaded petrol and diesel fuels must comply with Annex I and II specifications.
- Marketing of unleaded petrol and diesel complying with new higher standards (Annex III & IV) permitted but optional.
By 1 January 2003 and 1 January 2007:
- Possible extension of deadlines for compliance with stricter sulphur content limits in petrol and diesel upon authorization by the Commission.
By 1 January 2005:
- Mandatory marketing of unleaded petrol and diesel fuels complying with Annex III and IV specifications (higher environmental standards).
Annual:
- Member States to monitor fuel quality and report to the Commission by 30 June each year.
The directive may be updated to reflect scientific and technical progress, including reference measurement methods and extending specifications to other fuels such as LPG, natural gas, and biofuels.
This directive applies to petrol and diesel fuels intended for use in vehicles equipped with positive-ignition (petrol) and compression-ignition (diesel) engines. Specifically, it covers all petrol and diesel fuels marketed within the territory of EU Member States, including fuels falling under certain Combined Nomenclature (CN) codes related to mineral oils and gas oils used as motor vehicle fuels. It sets environmental and health-related quality specifications for these fuels to reduce emissions of pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, unburnt hydrocarbons, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, benzene, and sulfur compounds. The directive also allows for the marketing of fuels with more stringent environmental specifications in specific areas facing serious pollution problems. It applies to the marketing, quality standards, monitoring, and transitional arrangements for petrol and diesel fuels, aiming to harmonize fuel quality across the internal market and support air quality improvement measures.
Die Richtlinie 98/70/EG legt technische Spezifikationen für die Qualität von Otto- und Dieselkraftstoffen in der EU fest, um Gesundheit und Umwelt zu schützen und den Binnenmarkt zu harmonisieren. Ziel ist die Reduzierung der Luftverschmutzung durch Fahrzeugemissionen, insbesondere durch Schadstoffe wie Stickoxide, Kohlenwasserstoffe, Benzol und Partikel. Die Richtlinie verbietet spätestens ab dem 1. Januar 2000 verbleites Benzin und schreibt verbindliche Grenzwerte für Schadstoffe in Kraftstoffen vor, mit Fristen für weitergehende Qualitätsanforderungen bis 2005. Mitgliedstaaten können striktere Umweltvorschriften für bestimmte Gebiete mit Luftqualitätsproblemen einführen, allerdings nur nach Genehmigung durch die Kommission. Ausnahmeregelungen erlauben Verzögerungen bei der Umstellung für Mitgliedstaaten mit besonderen sozioökonomischen oder klimatischen Bedingungen. Die Richtlinie fördert zudem die Verwendung schadstoffärmerer Kraftstoffe durch mögliche differenzierte Verbrauchsteuern. Überwachungssysteme zur Einhaltung der Normen sollen eingerichtet werden. Ziel ist eine kosteneffiziente Verbesserung der Kraftstoffqualität zur Förderung der Luftreinhaltung und zum Schutz der öffentlichen Gesundheit und Umwelt.
Zweck
Die Richtlinie 98/70/EG zielt darauf ab, die Qualität von Otto- und Dieselkraftstoffen in der Europäischen Gemeinschaft zu harmonisieren, um Handelshemmnisse zu beseitigen und den Binnenmarkt zu stärken. Gleichzeitig verfolgt sie das Ziel, durch umweltbezogene Kraftstoffspezifikationen die Luftverschmutzung durch Fahrzeugemissionen zu reduzieren und somit die menschliche Gesundheit und die Umwelt zu schützen. Die Richtlinie ist Teil einer umfassenden Strategie zur Verbesserung der Luftqualität in der EU, insbesondere in städtischen Ballungsräumen, und unterstützt den Übergang zu bleifreiem Benzin und schwefelarmen Dieselkraftstoffen.
Zentrale Verpflichtungen
- Verbot verbleiten Ottokraftstoffs: Ab dem 1. Januar 2000 dürfen Mitgliedstaaten keinen verbleiten Ottokraftstoff mehr in Verkehr bringen, mit Ausnahmen bis maximal 2005 bei schwerwiegenden sozioökonomischen Problemen oder klimatischen Bedingungen.
- Umweltbezogene Kraftstoffspezifikationen: Mitgliedstaaten müssen sicherstellen, dass unverbleiter Ottokraftstoff und Dieselkraftstoff bestimmte Umweltanforderungen erfüllen, die in den Anhängen I bis IV der Richtlinie festgelegt sind.
- Ab 1. Januar 2000 dürfen nur Kraftstoffe mit den Standards des Anhangs I (Ottokraftstoff) bzw. II (Dieselkraftstoff) vermarktet werden.
- Ab 1. Januar 2005 müssen strengere Spezifikationen des Anhangs III (Ottokraftstoff) und IV (Dieselkraftstoff) erfüllt sein.
- Ausnahmeregelungen: Mitgliedstaaten können eine Verlängerung der Übergangsfristen beantragen, wenn die Anpassung der Produktion erhebliche Probleme verursacht.
- Freier Kraftstoffverkehr: Es ist verboten, das Inverkehrbringen von Kraftstoffen zu untersagen, zu beschränken oder zu verhindern, sofern diese den Richtlinien entsprechen.
- Erlaubnis für strengere Standards in sensiblen Gebieten: Mitgliedstaaten dürfen in bestimmten Ballungsräumen oder ökologisch sensiblen Gebieten strengere Kraftstoffqualitäten vorschreiben, um Gesundheit und Umwelt zu schützen, nach Genehmigung durch die Kommission.
- Überwachung und Berichterstattung: Die Mitgliedstaaten sind verpflichtet, Überwachungssysteme einzuführen, um die Einhaltung der Spezifikationen sicherzustellen, und der Kommission regelmäßig Daten zu übermitteln.
- Technische Anpassungen: Die Richtlinie sieht vor, Anpassungen der Anhänge an wissenschaftlichen und technischen Fortschritt vorzunehmen.
Betroffene Produkte und Akteure
- Produkte
- Ottokraftstoffe (Benzin), insbesondere solche unter den KN-Codes 2710 00 27, 29, 32, 34 und 36.
- Dieselkraftstoffe (Gasöle) unter dem KN-Code 2710 00 66, die im Straßenverkehr eingesetzt werden.
- Akteure
- Raffinerien und Produzenten von Kraftstoffen, die ihre Produktion auf die neuen Spezifikationen umstellen müssen.
- Kraftstoffimporteure und Händler, die die Einhaltung der Qualitätsstandards sicherstellen müssen.
- Mitgliedstaatliche Behörden, verantwortlich für Überwachung, Genehmigungen von Ausnahmen und eventuelle Regulierung strengeren Standards in sensiblen Gebieten.
- Die Europäische Kommission als Überwachungs- und Genehmigungsinstanz bei Ausnahmeanträgen und strengeren Maßnahmen.
Zeitrahmen für die Umsetzung
- 1. Januar 2000
- Verbot des Inverkehrbringens verbleiten Ottokraftstoffs (mit Ausnahmen bis 2005 möglich).
- Einführung der ersten umweltbezogenen Spezifikationen für unverbleiten Ottokraftstoff (Anhang I) und Dieselkraftstoff (Anhang II).
- 31. August 1999 / 2003
- Stichtage für Anträge auf Übergangsverlängerungen bei verbleitem Ottokraftstoff und Schwefelgehalt der Kraftstoffe.
- 1. Januar 2003
- Gültigkeit für eventuell verlängerte Grenzwerte bei Schwefelgehalt für Ottokraftstoff und Dieselkraftstoff, sofern genehmigt.
- 1. Januar 2005
- Verpflichtende Einhaltung verschärfter Spezifikationen für Ottokraftstoff (Anhang III) und Dieselkraftstoff (Anhang IV).
- Übergang auf qualitativ hochwertige Kraftstoffe, sofern keine genehmigten Ausnahmen vorliegen.
- 31. August 2003
- Letzter Termin für Anträge auf Verlängerung der Übergangsfristen bis 2007 bezüglich Schwefelgrenzwerte.
- 1. Januar 2007
- Endgültiges Inkrafttreten der strengeren Spezifikationen, sofern keine weiteren Ausnahmen genehmigt sind.
Die Richtlinie sieht darüber hinaus fortlaufende Evaluierungen und Anpassungen basierend auf technischem Fortschritt und weiteren wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnissen vor.
Die Richtlinie 98/70/EG gilt für Ottokraftstoffe und Dieselkraftstoffe, die als Mineralölprodukte zur Verwendung in Kraftfahrzeugen mit Fremdzündungs- (Ottomotoren) und Kompressionszündungsmotoren (Dieselmotoren) in der Europäischen Union in Verkehr gebracht werden. Sie legt technische Spezifikationen fest, die insbesondere auf umwelt- und gesundheitsbezogene Aspekte abzielen, um die Luftverschmutzung durch Fahrzeugemissionen zu reduzieren. Die Richtlinie umfasst sowohl konventionelle als auch alternative Kraftstoffe. Sie richtet sich an die Raffinerieindustrie, den Kraftstoffvertrieb und die Mitgliedstaaten, die für Überwachung und Einhaltung der festgelegten Kraftstoffqualitäten verantwortlich sind. Zudem ermöglicht sie den Mitgliedstaaten, in bestimmten ökologisch sensiblen oder städtischen Gebieten strengere Umweltvorschriften für Kraftstoffe festzulegen, wenn dies zum Schutz der Gesundheit oder Umwelt erforderlich ist. Die Richtlinie zielt auf eine Harmonisierung der Kraftstoffqualität ab, um den Binnenmarkt zu stärken und den internationalen Wettbewerb zu fördern.
La directive 98/70/CE fixe des spécifications techniques pour la qualité de l’essence et des carburants diesel destinés aux véhicules motorisés afin de protéger la santé humaine et l’environnement. Elle interdit la commercialisation de l’essence plombée au sein de l’Union européenne à partir du 1er janvier 2000, imposant des seuils réduits de plomb, benzène, soufre et autres polluants dans les carburants. Pour le diesel, des normes environnementales progressives sont fixées, avec une amélioration attendue d’ici 2005. La directive autorise des dérogations temporaires pour certains États membres confrontés à des difficultés techniques ou socio-économiques, ainsi que pour la commercialisation d’essence plombée à usage des véhicules de collection. Elle encourage aussi l’instauration par les États membres de systèmes de contrôle de la qualité des carburants. En cas de problèmes sévères de pollution dans certaines zones, les États peuvent exiger des carburants aux spécifications plus strictes. Cette démarche s’inscrit dans la stratégie européenne globale visant à réduire durablement les émissions polluantes des véhicules et à harmoniser les réglementations pour garantir le bon fonctionnement du marché intérieur.
Objet
La directive 98/70/CE vise à harmoniser, au sein de l’Union européenne, les spécifications techniques des carburants destinés aux véhicules équipés de moteurs à allumage commandé (essence) et à allumage par compression (diesel). Son objectif principal est la protection de la santé humaine et de l’environnement par la réduction des émissions polluantes liées à l’utilisation de ces carburants, contribuant ainsi à l’amélioration de la qualité de l’air et au bon fonctionnement du marché intérieur.
Cette directive établit notamment des normes concernant la teneur en plomb, en soufre, en benzène, ainsi que d’autres caractéristiques chimiques et physiques des carburants. Elle interdit la commercialisation de l’essence plombée dans la Communauté, tout en prévoyant une approche progressive vers des carburants de meilleure qualité.
Obligations principales
Interdiction de l’essence plombée : Au plus tard le 1er janvier 2000, la commercialisation de l’essence plombée est interdite dans tous les États membres, avec des possibilités de dérogations limitées jusqu’en 2005 pour certains cas particuliers justifiés.
Normes pour l’essence sans plomb : Dès le 1er janvier 2000, seule l’essence sans plomb conforme aux spécifications environnementales fixées à l’annexe I peut être commercialisée. Une évolution vers des spécifications plus strictes (annexe III) est prévue au 1er janvier 2005.
Normes pour le carburant diesel : À partir du 1er janvier 2000, le diesel doit répondre aux spécifications environnementales de l’annexe II. Une mise à jour vers des spécifications plus sévères (annexe IV) doit être appliquée d’ici le 1er janvier 2005.
Dérogations temporaires possibles : Les États membres confrontés à des difficultés industrielles peuvent demander des dérogations temporaires auprès de la Commission, leur permettant d’écouler des carburants respectant des normes antérieures, mais seulement jusqu’à des dates limites strictes.
Surveillance et contrôle : Les États membres doivent mettre en place des systèmes de surveillance pour assurer le respect des normes de qualité des carburants. Ils doivent également transmettre des rapports à la Commission via un formulaire commun.
Liberté de circulation : Aucun État membre ne peut interdire ou limiter la commercialisation des carburants conformes aux exigences de la directive, garantissant ainsi la libre circulation de ces produits dans l’Union.
Possibilité d’exigences plus strictes : Dans des zones géographiques spécifiques présentant des problèmes graves et récurrents de pollution atmosphérique, les États membres peuvent exiger des carburants avec des spécifications environnementales plus sévères, sous réserve d’une procédure d’information préalable auprès de la Commission.
Produits et acteurs concernés
Produits visés :
- Essence destinée aux véhicules légers équipés de moteurs à allumage commandé (codes NC 2710 00 27, 29, 32, 34, 36).
- Carburants diesel utilisés par les véhicules à moteur à allumage par compression (code NC 2710 00 66).
Acteurs concernés :
- Les États membres de l’Union européenne, qui doivent transposer et appliquer la directive.
- Les producteurs, raffineurs et distributeurs de carburants en charge de la mise sur le marché des carburants conformes aux spécifications.
- Les autorités nationales chargées du contrôle de la qualité des carburants.
- Les fabricants de véhicules via l'adaptation progressive des motorisations.
- La Commission européenne, qui supervise l’application, peut autoriser des dérogations, et doit proposer des ajustements futurs.
Calendrier de mise en œuvre
1er janvier 2000 :
- Interdiction de la commercialisation de l’essence plombée (sauf dérogations limitées) ;
- Obligation de commercialiser uniquement de l’essence et du diesel respectant les premières spécifications environnementales (annexes I et II).
31 août 1999 : Date limite pour demander des dérogations temporairement autorisant la commercialisation de carburants ne respectant pas certaines normes.
1er janvier 2003 : Date limite possible, par dérogation, pour certains États membres de commercialiser des carburants avec teneur en soufre ou plomb plus élevée que les normes européennes.
1er janvier 2005 : Entrée en vigueur des spécifications plus strictes pour l’essence sans plomb (annexe III) et pour le carburant diesel (annexe IV). Ces normes visent à améliorer davantage la qualité de l’air.
1er janvier 2007 : Dernière date possible, sous dérogation, pour certains États membres pour commercialiser des carburants aux normes antérieures.
Cette directive introduit un cadre progressif et adapté pour l’amélioration de la qualité des carburants en Europe, contribuant à la réduction des émissions polluantes et à la protection de l’environnement et de la santé publique.
La directive 98/70/CE s'applique aux carburants destinés aux véhicules équipés de moteurs à allumage commandé (essence) et à allumage par compression (carburant diesel). Elle fixe des spécifications techniques visant à protéger la santé et l’environnement en limitant les émissions polluantes des véhicules routiers. Plus précisément, elle couvre l’essence, y compris l’essence sans plomb, et les carburants diesel utilisés pour la propulsion des véhicules routiers conformément aux codes NC définis. La directive établit des normes pour la teneur en substances telles que le plomb, le soufre, le benzène et les aromatiques, avec des objectifs de réduction progressive des polluants atmosphériques primaires et secondaires. Elle concerne la commercialisation, la composition, ainsi que la surveillance des carburants sur le territoire des États membres, permettant également des spécifications plus strictes dans certaines zones sensibles afin de protéger la santé publique et l’environnement.
Direktiva 98/70/ES določa tehnične specifikacije za motorni bencin in dizelsko gorivo, uporabljena v vozilih z motorji na prisilni ali kompresijski vžig, z namenom zaščite zdravja ljudi in okolja ter izboljšanja kakovosti zraka v Evropski uniji. Uvaja postopno prepoved trženja osvinčenega bencina in določa omejitve za delež žvepla ter drugih škodljivih snovi v gorivu. Direktiva omogoča tudi uvajanje strožjih okoljskih zahtev na določenih območjih z resnimi težavami z onesnaženostjo. Države članice so dolžne vzpostaviti sisteme spremljanja skladnosti ter letno poročati o kakovosti goriva Komisiji. Direktiv predvideva postopke za prilagoditve tehničnemu napredku in preglede na podlagi izkušenj ter tehnoloških izboljšav. Prav tako omogoča določene prehode in izjemne ukrepe za države članice ob morebitnih težavah v industriji ali pri oskrbi z naftnimi derivati. Cilj direktive je znižanje emisij škodljivih snovi iz vozil, kar prispeva k zmanjšanju onesnaževanja zraka in s tem k varovanju javnega zdravja in okolja v EU.
Namen
Direktiva 98/70/ES določa tehnične specifikacije za kakovost motornega bencina in dizelskega goriva, ki se uporabljata v vozilih z motorji na prisilni in kompresijski vžig v Evropski uniji. Namen direktive je zmanjšati okoljske in zdravstvene škode, ki nastajajo zaradi emisij iz motornih vozil, izboljšati kakovost zraka ter omogočiti prosti pretok goriv na notranjem trgu EU s poenotenjem zakonodaje o kvaliteti goriv.
Direktiva naslavlja problematiko onesnaževanja zraka, ki ga povzročajo predvsem dušikovi oksidi, nezgoreli ogljikovodiki, trdni delci ter drugi strupeni izpušni plini, ki ogrožajo zdravje ljudi in okolje. Prav tako direktiva opredeljuje ukrepe za postopno ukinitev trženja osvinčenega motornega bencina z namenom varovanja zdravja.
Ključne obveznosti
- Prepoved osvinčenega bencina: Najpozneje 1. januarja 2000 je prepovedano trženje osvinčenega motornega bencina po vsej EU (z določenimi začasnimi izjemami do leta 2005 pod posebnimi pogoji).
- Okoljske specifikacije: Države članice morajo dovoliti trženje neosvinčenega bencina in dizelskega goriva le, če ta ustrezata določenim okoljskim specifikacijam, opredeljenim v prilogah direktive (Priloge I, II, III, IV).
- Dvojna kvaliteta goriv: Predvidena je druga stopnja zahtev za goriva, ki začne veljati 1. januarja 2005, z višjimi okoljskimi standardi.
- Posebni ukrepi za občutljiva območja: Države članice lahko v določenih urbanih ali ekološko občutljivih območjih zahtevajo strožje okvire kakovosti goriva, če obstaja tveganje za zdravje ljudi in okolje.
- Spremljanje kakovosti: Države članice so dolžne izvajati redno spremljanje skladnosti goriva s predpisanimi standardi, uporabljati skupne metode in letno poročati Komisiji o rezultatih.
- Fleksibilnost zaradi industrijskih težav: Direktiva omogoča začasna odstopanja za države članice na podlagi utemeljenih razlogov, kot so socialno-ekonomski vplivi ali industrijske težave.
- Reakcija v primeru izrednih dogodkov: Komisija lahko izjemoma podaljša mejne vrednosti specifikacij goriv za obdobje do šestih mesecev zaradi nepredvidenih motenj v dobavi surove nafte ali naftnih derivatov.
- Prilagoditev tehničnemu napredku: Komisija v sodelovanju z odborom lahko posodobi metode merjenja kvalitete goriva brez spreminjanja mejnih vrednosti ali rokov.
Vplivani proizvodi in akterji
- Proizvodi: Motorni bencin in dizelsko gorivo, ki se uporabljata za pogon vozil z motorji na prisilni vžig (bencinski motorji) in na kompresijski vžig (dizelski motorji). V določenih primerih direktiva razlikuje med gorivom za cestna vozila in tistim za stroje zunaj cest ali kmetijske traktorje.
- Akterji: Proizvajalci in distributerji goriv, rafinerije, pristojni organi držav članic, ki nadzirajo trženje goriva, ter Evropska komisija kot regulator in koordinativni organ.
- Posebne skupine vozil: Območja z omejenim voznim parkom, kot so taksiji, avtobusi in dostavna vozila, ki so lahko predmet posebnih okoljskih zahtev zaradi njihove vplivnosti na lokalno kakovost zraka.
Časovnica izvajanja
- Do 1. januarja 2000: Dolžnost držav članic, da prepovejo trženje osvinčenega motornega bencina in dovolijo samo neosvinčeni bencin skladno z določenimi specifikacijami.
- 1. januar 2000: Uveljavitev prve stopnje okoljskih specifikacij za motorni bencin in dizelsko gorivo, kot določeno v prilogah direktive.
- 31. avgust 1999: Rok za države članice, da Komisiji predložijo zahteve za odloge ali izjeme zaradi industrijskih ali socialno-ekonomskih težav.
- Do 1. januarja 2003 in 1. januarja 2007: Možne začasne podaljšave roka uveljavitve strožjih specifikacij za neosvinčeni bencin in dizelsko gorivo na podlagi zahtev in odobritev Komisije.
- 1. januar 2005: Uvedba druge, strožje stopnje okoljskih specifikacij za goriva. Posebni predpisi naj na trgu nadomestijo nižje kakovosti goriva.
- Letno do 30. junija: Države članice poročajo Komisiji o kakovosti trženega goriva za preteklo koledarsko leto, prvič do 30. junija 2002.
- Periodično: Komisija predloži poročila in morebitne predloge za prilagoditve direktive, da se upošteva znanstveni in tehnični razvoj.
Spodaj je kratek povzetek:
Direktiva 98/70/ES je ključni pravni akt EU za izboljšanje kakovosti motornih goriv z namenom zmanjšanja škodljivih emisij in s tem povezane okoljskih in zdravstvenih tveganj. Vpeljuje postopno prepoved svinčenega bencina, določa okoljske standarde za motorni bencin in dizelsko gorivo ter omogoča prilagajanje teh specifikacij glede na tehnični napredek in posebne potrebe občutljivih območij. Države članice so dolžne spremljati skladnost in poročati o kakovosti goriv, vse z namenom uspešnejše integracije trga in varovanja okolja ter zdravja državljanov EU.
Direktiva 98/70/ES določa tehnične specifikacije za kakovost motornega bencina in dizelskega goriva, ki se uporabljata za pogon vozil z motorji na prisilni vžig (bencinski motorji) in motorji na kompresijski vžig (dizelski motorji). Namenjena je gorivom, ki se uporabljajo v cestnih vozilih, pri čemer so vključena tudi plinska olja za motorje, uporabljene zunaj cest, kot so kmetijski traktorji. Direktiva obsega zahteve za trženje osvinčenega in neosvinčenega motornega bencina ter dizelskega goriva, z ozirom na zmanjšanje emisij škodljivih snovi in vpliv na zdravje ljudi ter varstvo okolja. Prav tako omogoča državam članicam, da na določenih občutljivih območjih, kot so urbana območja ali ekološko ranljiva območja, uvedejo strožje okoljske specifikacije za goriva, da bi zmanjšale onesnaževanje zraka.
General Information
This document gives the technical rationale for the requirements and parameters for petrol as defined in CEN/TS 18227, with a minimum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum of 8,0 % (m/m). This fuel has maximum 20,0 % (V/V) ethanol and/or of 22 % (V/V) fuel ethers with 5 or more carbons.
NOTE 1 This document is directly related to CEN/TS 18227 and will be updated once further publications take place.
NOTE 2 For the purpose of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
- Technical report66 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document gives the technical rationale for the requirements and parameters for petrol as defined in CEN/TS 18227, with a minimum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum of 8,0 % (m/m). This fuel has maximum 20,0 % (V/V) ethanol and/or of 22 % (V/V) fuel ethers with 5 or more carbons.
NOTE 1 This document is directly related to CEN/TS 18227 and will be updated once further publications take place.
NOTE 2 For the purpose of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
- Technical report66 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and test methods for E20 petrol marketed and delivered as such, containing a minimum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum of 8,0 % (m/m). The fuel has a maximum of 20,0 % (V/V) ethanol.
It is applicable to fuel for use in spark-ignition petrol-fuelled engines and vehicles.
This document is complementary to EN 228, which describes unleaded petrol containing an oxygen content up to 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 10 % (V/V).
NOTE 1 For general petrol engine vehicle warranty, E20 petrol might not be suitable for all vehicles and it is advised that the recommendations of the vehicle manufacturer are consulted before use. E20 petrol might need a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines might still be needed.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.
- Technical specification16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and test methods for E20 petrol marketed and delivered as such, containing a minimum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum of 8,0 % (m/m). The fuel has a maximum of 20,0 % (V/V) ethanol.
It is applicable to fuel for use in spark-ignition petrol-fuelled engines and vehicles.
This document is complementary to EN 228, which describes unleaded petrol containing an oxygen content up to 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 10 % (V/V).
NOTE 1 For general petrol engine vehicle warranty, E20 petrol might not be suitable for all vehicles and it is advised that the recommendations of the vehicle manufacturer are consulted before use. E20 petrol might need a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines might still be needed.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.
- Technical specification16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered automotive diesel fuel. It is applicable to automotive diesel fuel for use in diesel engine vehicles designed to run on automotive diesel fuel containing up to 7,0 %(V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME).
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered unleaded petrol. It is applicable to unleaded petrol for use in petrol engine vehicles designed to run on unleaded petrol.
This document specifies two types of unleaded petrol:
- one type with a maximum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 10,0 % (V/V) in Table 1;
- one type in Table 2 with a maximum oxygen content of 2,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 5,0 % (V/V) intended for older vehicles that are not warranted to use unleaded petrol defined in Table 1.
NOTE 1 The two types are based on European Directive requirements [3], [4] and [13].
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.
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This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered automotive diesel fuel. It is applicable to automotive diesel fuel for use in diesel engine vehicles designed to run on automotive diesel fuel containing up to 7,0 %(V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME).
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered unleaded petrol. It is applicable to unleaded petrol for use in petrol engine vehicles designed to run on unleaded petrol.
This document specifies two types of unleaded petrol:
- one type with a maximum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 10,0 % (V/V) in Table 1;
- one type in Table 2 with a maximum oxygen content of 2,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 5,0 % (V/V) intended for older vehicles that are not warranted to use unleaded petrol defined in Table 1.
NOTE 1 The two types are based on European Directive requirements [3], [4] and [13].
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements on petrol fuel for use as fuel in small engines, together with the methods to be applied for testing these properties.
This document specifies requirements for two types of petrol fuel having low aromatics and sulfur content:
- one type for use in four-stroke engines with separate lubrication; and
- one mixed petrol fuel type for use in mixture-lubricated engines.
Testing the properties of the added engine oil is out of the scope of this document.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements on petrol fuel for use as fuel in small engines, together with the methods to be applied for testing these properties.
This document specifies requirements for two types of petrol fuel having low aromatics and sulfur content:
- one type for use in four-stroke engines with separate lubrication; and
- one mixed petrol fuel type for use in mixture-lubricated engines.
Testing the properties of the added engine oil is out of the scope of this document.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for determining the total acidity, calculated as acetic acid, of ethanol to be used in petrol blends. It is applicable to ethanol having total acid contents of between 0,003 % (m/m) and 0,015 % (m/m).
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction, respectively.
WARNING - Use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the document, and to fulfil statutory and regulatory restrictions for this purpose.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for determining the total acidity, calculated as acetic acid, of ethanol to be used in petrol blends. It is applicable to ethanol having total acid contents of between 0,003 % (m/m) and 0,015 % (m/m).
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction, respectively.
WARNING - Use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the document, and to fulfil statutory and regulatory restrictions for this purpose.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the terminology to be used in the field of sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria for biomass for energy applications. This document specifically considers some relevant terms and definitions used in European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001, the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II), and the European Commission Directive 2009/30/EC referred to as Fuel Quality Directive (FQD), or in other related European regulations.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies procedures, criteria and indicators meeting the sustainability criteria of European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001 (RED II), the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive, for agricultural biomass and forest biomass for energy applications, i.e. biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels. This document is applicable to production, cultivation and harvesting of biomass from agricultural land and forest land for biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuel production.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered high FAME (B20 and B30) diesel fuel for use in diesel engine vehicles designed or subsequently adapted to run on such fuel. High FAME diesel fuel is a mixture of up to 20 % (V/V) in total and up to 30 % (V/V) in total respectively fatty acid methyl esters (commonly known as FAME) complying with EN 14214 and automotive diesel fuel complying with EN 590.
For maintenance and control reasons high FAME (B20 and B30) diesel fuel is to be used in captive fleets that are intended to have an appropriate fuel management (see Clause 4).
NOTE 1 These products are allowed in Europe [4], but national legislation can set additional requirements or rules concerning, or even prohibiting, marketing or delivering of the product.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
NOTE 3 In this document, A-deviations apply (see Annex A).
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the terminology to be used in the field of sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria for biomass for energy applications. This document specifically considers some relevant terms and definitions used in European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001, the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II), and the European Commission Directive 2009/30/EC referred to as Fuel Quality Directive (FQD), or in other related European regulations.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies procedures, criteria and indicators meeting the sustainability criteria of European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001 (RED II), the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive, for agricultural biomass and forest biomass for energy applications, i.e. biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels. This document is applicable to production, cultivation and harvesting of biomass from agricultural land and forest land for biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuel production.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered high FAME (B20 and B30) diesel fuel for use in diesel engine vehicles designed or subsequently adapted to run on such fuel. High FAME diesel fuel is a mixture of up to 20 % (V/V) in total and up to 30 % (V/V) in total respectively fatty acid methyl esters (commonly known as FAME) complying with EN 14214 and automotive diesel fuel complying with EN 590.
For maintenance and control reasons high FAME (B20 and B30) diesel fuel is to be used in captive fleets that are intended to have an appropriate fuel management (see Clause 4).
NOTE 1 These products are allowed in Europe [4], but national legislation can set additional requirements or rules concerning, or even prohibiting, marketing or delivering of the product.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
NOTE 3 In this document, A-deviations apply (see Annex A).
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered automotive LPG (commonly known as low pressure gas or liquefied petroleum gas).
This document is applicable to automotive LPG for use in LPG engine vehicles designed to run on automotive LPG.
NOTE For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.
WARNING - Attention is drawn to the risk of fire and explosion when handling LPG and to the hazard to health arising through inhalation of excessive amounts of LPG.
LPG is a highly volatile hydrocarbon liquid which is normally stored under pressure. If the pressure is released large volumes of gas will be produced which form flammable mixtures with air over the range of approximately 2 % (V/V) to 10 % (V/V). This European Standard involves the sampling, handling and testing of LPG. Naked flames, unprotected electrical equipment electrostatic hazards etc. are sources of ignition for LPG.
LPG in liquid form can cause cold burns to the skin. National health and safety regulations can apply.
LPG is heavier than air and accumulates in cavities. There is a danger of suffocation when inhaling high concentrations of LPG.
CAUTION - One of the tests described in this document involves the operator inhaling a mixture of air and LPG vapour. Particular attention is drawn to the cautionary statement provided in A.1, where this method is referred to.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard – translation17 pagesSlovenian languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered automotive LPG (commonly known as low pressure gas or liquefied petroleum gas).
This document is applicable to automotive LPG for use in LPG engine vehicles designed to run on automotive LPG.
NOTE For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.
WARNING - Attention is drawn to the risk of fire and explosion when handling LPG and to the hazard to health arising through inhalation of excessive amounts of LPG.
LPG is a highly volatile hydrocarbon liquid which is normally stored under pressure. If the pressure is released large volumes of gas will be produced which form flammable mixtures with air over the range of approximately 2 % (V/V) to 10 % (V/V). This European Standard involves the sampling, handling and testing of LPG. Naked flames, unprotected electrical equipment electrostatic hazards etc. are sources of ignition for LPG.
LPG in liquid form can cause cold burns to the skin. National health and safety regulations can apply.
LPG is heavier than air and accumulates in cavities. There is a danger of suffocation when inhaling high concentrations of LPG.
CAUTION - One of the tests described in this document involves the operator inhaling a mixture of air and LPG vapour. Particular attention is drawn to the cautionary statement provided in A.1, where this method is referred to.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard – translation17 pagesSlovenian languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure for the determination of dry residue in ethanol by gravimetric (desiccation) method in the range (10 to 25) mg/100 ml.
NOTE In an interlaboratory study [2] the method described has been tested at levels down to 3,5 mg/100 ml, but the precision appeared to be insufficient at such low levels.
WARNING - Use of this document can involve hazardous equipment, materials and operations. This method does not purport to address to all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the document, and to fulfil statutory and regulatory restrictions for this purpose.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure for the determination of dry residue in ethanol by gravimetric (desiccation) method in the range (10 to 25) mg/100 ml.
NOTE In an interlaboratory study [2] the method described has been tested at levels down to 3,5 mg/100 ml, but the precision appeared to be insufficient at such low levels.
WARNING - Use of this document can involve hazardous equipment, materials and operations. This method does not purport to address to all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the document, and to fulfil statutory and regulatory restrictions for this purpose.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes requirements and test methods for paraffinic diesel fuel marketed and delivered as such, containing a level of up to 7,0 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). It is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engines and vehicles compatible with paraffinic diesel fuel. It specifies two classes of paraffinic diesel fuel: high cetane and normal cetane.
Paraffinic diesel fuel originates from synthesis or hydrotreatment processes.
NOTE 1 For general diesel engine warranty, the vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use. Paraffinic automotive diesel fuel may need a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines may still need to be done (see also the Introduction to this document). However, it is noted that paraffinic diesel fuel is extensively available and has been increasingly approved by vehicle manufacturers for usage in vehicles since the first publication of this document.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes requirements and test methods for paraffinic diesel fuel marketed and delivered as such, containing a level of up to 7,0 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). It is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engines and vehicles compatible with paraffinic diesel fuel. It specifies two classes of paraffinic diesel fuel: high cetane and normal cetane.
Paraffinic diesel fuel originates from synthesis or hydrotreatment processes.
NOTE 1 For general diesel engine warranty, the vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use. Paraffinic automotive diesel fuel may need a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines may still need to be done (see also the Introduction to this document). However, it is noted that paraffinic diesel fuel is extensively available and has been increasingly approved by vehicle manufacturers for usage in vehicles since the first publication of this document.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered automotive B10 diesel fuel, i.e. diesel fuel containing up to 10,0 %(V/V) Fatty Acid Methyl Ester. It is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engine vehicles compatible with automotive B10 diesel fuel.
NOTE 1 This product is allowed in Europe [4], but national legislation can set additional requirements or rules concerning, or even prohibiting, marketing or delivering of the product.
NOTE 2 In this document, A-deviations apply (see Annex A).
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered automotive B10 diesel fuel, i.e. diesel fuel containing up to 10,0 %(V/V) Fatty Acid Methyl Ester. It is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engine vehicles compatible with automotive B10 diesel fuel.
NOTE 1 This product is allowed in Europe [4], but national legislation can set additional requirements or rules concerning, or even prohibiting, marketing or delivering of the product.
NOTE 2 In this document, A-deviations apply (see Annex A).
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence test method for the determination of the sulfur content of the following products:
— having sulfur contents in the range 3 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg,
— motor gasolines containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen [including those blended with ethanol up to about 10 % (V/V)],
— diesel fuels, including those containing up to about 30 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME),
— having sulfur contents in the range of 3 mg/kg to 45 mg/kg,
— synthetic fuels, such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and gas to liquid (GTL).
Other products can be analysed and other sulfur contents can be determined according to this test method, however, no precision data for products other than automotive fuels and for results outside the specified range have been established for this document. Halogens interfere with this detection technique at concentrations above approximately 3 500 mg/kg.
NOTE 1 Some process catalysts used in petroleum and chemical refining can be poisoned when trace amounts of sulfur-bearing materials are contained in the feedstocks.
NOTE 2 This test method can be used to determine sulfur in process feeds and can also be used to control sulfur in effluents.
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, w, and the volume fraction, φ, of a material respectively.
NOTE 4 Sulfate species in ethanol do not have the same conversion factor of organic sulfur in ethanol. Nevertheless, sulfates have a conversion factor close to that of organic sulfur.
NOTE 5 Nitrogen interference can occur, see 6.5 for further guidance.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) test method for the determination of the sulfur content of liquid, homogeneous automotive fuels from 5 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg, which have a maximum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m). This product range covers:
— diesel fuels containing up to about 30 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl esters (FAME),
— motor gasolines containing up to about 10 % (V/V) ethanol,
— synthetic fuels such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and gas to liquid (GTL) having sulfur contents in the range of 5 mg/kg to 45 mg/kg.
Products with higher oxygen content show significant matrix effects, e.g. pure FAME used as biodiesel, nevertheless, pure FAME can be analysed when the corresponding procedures are followed (see 5.3 and 8.1).
Other products can be analysed with this test method, though precision data for products other than those mentioned have not been established for this document.
NOTE 1 Sulfur contents higher than 500 mg/kg can be determined after sample dilution, however, the precision was not established for diluted samples.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, w, and the volume fraction, φ, of a material respectively.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence test method for the determination of the sulfur content of the following products:
— having sulfur contents in the range 3 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg,
— motor gasolines containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen [including those blended with ethanol up to about 10 % (V/V)],
— diesel fuels, including those containing up to about 30 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME),
— having sulfur contents in the range of 3 mg/kg to 45 mg/kg,
— synthetic fuels, such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and gas to liquid (GTL).
Other products can be analysed and other sulfur contents can be determined according to this test method, however, no precision data for products other than automotive fuels and for results outside the specified range have been established for this document. Halogens interfere with this detection technique at concentrations above approximately 3 500 mg/kg.
NOTE 1 Some process catalysts used in petroleum and chemical refining can be poisoned when trace amounts of sulfur-bearing materials are contained in the feedstocks.
NOTE 2 This test method can be used to determine sulfur in process feeds and can also be used to control sulfur in effluents.
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, w, and the volume fraction, φ, of a material respectively.
NOTE 4 Sulfate species in ethanol do not have the same conversion factor of organic sulfur in ethanol. Nevertheless, sulfates have a conversion factor close to that of organic sulfur.
NOTE 5 Nitrogen interference can occur, see 6.5 for further guidance.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) test method for the determination of the sulfur content of liquid, homogeneous automotive fuels from 5 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg, which have a maximum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m). This product range covers:
— diesel fuels containing up to about 30 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl esters (FAME),
— motor gasolines containing up to about 10 % (V/V) ethanol,
— synthetic fuels such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and gas to liquid (GTL) having sulfur contents in the range of 5 mg/kg to 45 mg/kg.
Products with higher oxygen content show significant matrix effects, e.g. pure FAME used as biodiesel, nevertheless, pure FAME can be analysed when the corresponding procedures are followed (see 5.3 and 8.1).
Other products can be analysed with this test method, though precision data for products other than those mentioned have not been established for this document.
NOTE 1 Sulfur contents higher than 500 mg/kg can be determined after sample dilution, however, the precision was not established for diluted samples.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this document, "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, w, and the volume fraction, φ, of a material respectively.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered fatty acid methyl esters (hereafter known as FAME) to be used either as fuel for diesel engines and for heating applications at 100 % concentration, or as an extender for distillate fuel for diesel engines in accordance with the requirements of EN 590 and for heating fuel. At 100 % concentration it is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engines and in heating applications designed or subsequently adapted to run on 100 % FAME.
NOTE For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard – translation24 pagesSlovenian languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered fatty acid methyl esters (hereafter known as FAME) to be used either as fuel for diesel engines and for heating applications at 100 % concentration, or as an extender for distillate fuel for diesel engines in accordance with the requirements of EN 590 and for heating fuel. At 100 % concentration it is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engines and in heating applications designed or subsequently adapted to run on 100 % FAME.
NOTE For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard – translation24 pagesSlovenian languagee-Library read for1 day
Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren für gehandelten und ausgelieferten Ethanolkraftstoff (E85) fest. Es ist anwendbar auf Ethanolkraftstoff (E85) zur Verwendung in Fahrzeugen mit Ottomotor, die für den Einsatz dieses Kraftstoffs (E85) ausgerüstet sind.
Ethanolkraftstoff (E85) ist ein Gemisch von nominell 85 % (V/V) Ethanol und unverbleitem Benzin, umfasst aber auch die Möglichkeit verschiedener „jahreszeitlicher Klassen“, die mehr als 50 % (V/V) Ethanol enthalten.
ANMERKUNG 1 Für die Zwecke dieses Dokuments wird zur Angabe des Massenanteils der Ausdruck „% (m/m)“ und für den Volumenanteil der Ausdruck „% (V/V)“ verwendet.
ANMERKUNG 2 Für diese Europäische Norm gelten A-Abweichungen (siehe Anhang C).
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren für gehandelten und ausgelieferten Ethanolkraftstoff (E85) fest. Es ist anwendbar auf Ethanolkraftstoff (E85) zur Verwendung in Fahrzeugen mit Ottomotor, die für den Einsatz dieses Kraftstoffs (E85) ausgerüstet sind.
Ethanolkraftstoff (E85) ist ein Gemisch von nominell 85 % (V/V) Ethanol und unverbleitem Benzin, umfasst aber auch die Möglichkeit verschiedener „jahreszeitlicher Klassen“, die mehr als 50 % (V/V) Ethanol enthalten.
ANMERKUNG 1 Für die Zwecke dieses Dokuments wird zur Angabe des Massenanteils der Ausdruck „% (m/m)“ und für den Volumenanteil der Ausdruck „% (V/V)“ verwendet.
ANMERKUNG 2 Für diese Europäische Norm gelten A-Abweichungen (siehe Anhang C).
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of manganese content from about 0,5 mg/l to about 7,5 mg/l and of iron content from about 1,4 mg/l to about 6,0 mg/l in unleaded petrol containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1 Manganese as MMT and iron as ferrocene are added to petrol to increase anti-knock properties.
NOTE 2 Solutions of MMT in petrol are unstable when exposed to light. Low and erratic results are expected if petrol samples are exposed to light prior the analysis.
Iron and manganese contents higher than 6,0 mg/l and 7,5 mg/l respectively may be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such a procedure. Further work regarding automotive ethanol (E85) fuel is on-going in CEN.
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction (φ) of a material respectively.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of manganese content and of iron content, each from about 0,5 mg/l to about 7,0 mg/l in diesels including those containing up to about 10 % (V/V) fatty acid methylester (FAME).
WARNING — The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1 Manganese and iron contents higher than 7,0 mg/l can be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such a procedure.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this European Standard, the term “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction (φ) of a material.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol to be used as an extender for automotive fuel for petrol engine vehicles in accordance with the requirements of EN 228 [5]. It is applicable to ethanol used for blending at all levels up to and including 85 % (V/V).
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the term “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of manganese content from about 0,5 mg/l to about 7,5 mg/l and of iron content from about 1,4 mg/l to about 6,0 mg/l in unleaded petrol containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1 Manganese as MMT and iron as ferrocene are added to petrol to increase anti-knock properties.
NOTE 2 Solutions of MMT in petrol are unstable when exposed to light. Low and erratic results are expected if petrol samples are exposed to light prior the analysis.
Iron and manganese contents higher than 6,0 mg/l and 7,5 mg/l respectively may be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such a procedure. Further work regarding automotive ethanol (E85) fuel is on-going in CEN.
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction (φ) of a material respectively.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of manganese content and of iron content, each from about 0,5 mg/l to about 7,0 mg/l in diesels including those containing up to about 10 % (V/V) fatty acid methylester (FAME).
WARNING — The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1 Manganese and iron contents higher than 7,0 mg/l can be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such a procedure.
NOTE 2 For the purposes of this European Standard, the term “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction (φ) of a material.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol to be used as an extender for automotive fuel for petrol engine vehicles in accordance with the requirements of EN 228 [5]. It is applicable to ethanol used for blending at all levels up to and including 85 % (V/V).
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the term “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a system for fuel quality monitoring of petrol and diesel (FQMS).
- Corrigendum2 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes a fuel quality monitoring system (FQMS) for assessing the quality of petrol and automotive diesel fuel placed on the market in any of the Member States within the European Community.
European Directive 98/70/EC [1] requires that every separate nationally defined fuel grade should comply with one specification as defined in the Directive. Therefore, for each nationally defined fuel grade, there will be a corresponding European parent fuel grade. For instance, unleaded petrol grades placed on the market in Europe can be 91, 95, 98 RON petrol. See also the example discussed in 5.4.2.
Some basic background ideas behind the FQMS are given in Annex A.
Since the specifications for automotive fuels contain climatic related requirements, the FQMS is run twice a year, once during the winter period and once during the summer period. Information about the dates for the summer and winter periods in a specific country are defined in the country's national annex to EN 228 and EN 590. Fuel samples taken during transition periods shall not be included in the FQMS.
For the purposes of this FQMS, grades of petrol that constitute less than 10% of the total amount of petrol placed on the market in any one country, and grades of automotive diesel fuels that constitute less than 10% of the total amount of automotive diesel fuel dispensed in any country may require separate handling as described in Clause 5 of this European Standard.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a procedure for drawing, from fuel dispensers, samples of unleaded petrol and diesel fuel to be used for the assessment of automotive fuel quality in accordance with EN 14274. This European Standard does not cover the sampling of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).
WARNING: The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
TC 19 origin. Reason for corrigendum: replacement of Figure E.1 with correct figure.
- Corrigendum2 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a procedure for drawing, from fuel dispensers, samples of unleaded petrol and diesel fuel to be used for the assessment of automotive fuel quality in accordance with EN 14274. This European Standard does not cover the sampling of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).
WARNING: The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes a fuel quality monitoring system (FQMS) for assessing the quality of petrol and automotive diesel fuel placed on the market in any of the Member States within the European Community.
European Directive 98/70/EC [1] requires that every separate nationally defined fuel grade should comply with one specification as defined in the Directive. Therefore, for each nationally defined fuel grade, there will be a corresponding European parent fuel grade. For instance, unleaded petrol grades placed on the market in Europe can be 91, 95, 98 RON petrol. See also the example discussed in 5.4.2.
Some basic background ideas behind the FQMS are given in Annex A.
Since the specifications for automotive fuels contain climatic related requirements, the FQMS is run twice a year, once during the winter period and once during the summer period. Information about the dates for the summer and winter periods in a specific country are defined in the country's national annex to EN 228 and EN 590. Fuel samples taken during transition periods shall not be included in the FQMS.
For the purposes of this FQMS, grades of petrol that constitute less than 10% of the total amount of petrol placed on the market in any one country, and grades of automotive diesel fuels that constitute less than 10% of the total amount of automotive diesel fuel dispensed in any country may require separate handling as described in Clause 5 of this European Standard.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report provides information to the blender on all the effects when blending oxygenates and alcohols in order to fulfil legal limitations put in place through the revised Fuels Quality Directive and in order to remain in spec for EN 228 unleaded petrol requirements.
This Technical Report is published as background information.
NOTE For the purposes of this Technical Report, the terms % (m/m) and % (V/V) are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction.
- Technical report7 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report provides information to the blender on all the effects when blending oxygenates and alcohols in order to fulfil legal limitations put in place through the revised Fuels Quality Directive and in order to remain in spec for EN 228 unleaded petrol requirements.
This Technical Report is published as background information.
NOTE For the purposes of this Technical Report, the terms % (m/m) and % (V/V) are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction.
- Technical report7 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method for the direct determination of elements content in ethanol, namely phosphorus in the range (0,13 to 1,90) mg/kg, copper in the range (0,050 to 0,300) mg/kg, and sulfur in the range (2,0 to 15,0) mg/kg.
WARNING - The use of this method may involve hazardous equipment, materials and operations. This method does not purport to address to all of the safety problems associated with its use, but it is the responsibility of the user to search and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction (w) and volume fraction (greek symbol phi).
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method for the direct determination of elements content in ethanol, namely phosphorus in the range (0,13 to 1,90) mg/kg, copper in the range (0,050 to 0,300) mg/kg, and sulfur in the range (2,0 to 15,0) mg/kg.
WARNING - The use of this method may involve hazardous equipment, materials and operations. This method does not purport to address to all of the safety problems associated with its use, but it is the responsibility of the user to search and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction (w) and volume fraction (greek symbol phi).
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
Frequently Asked Questions
An EU Directive is a legislative act of the European Union that sets out goals that all EU member states must achieve. However, it is up to each member state to devise their own laws on how to reach these goals through national transposition. Directives are used to harmonize laws across the EU, particularly for the functioning of the single market.
Directive 98/70/EC covers "Quality of petrol and diesel fuels (Dir. 93/12/EEC amendment)". There are 168 standards associated with this directive.
Harmonized standards under 98/70/EC are European standards (ENs) developed by CEN, CENELEC, or ETSI in response to a mandate from the European Commission. When these standards are cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with them benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of 98/70/EC, facilitating CE marking and free movement within the European Economic Area.