98/70/EC - Quality of petrol and diesel fuels (Dir. 93/12/EEC amendment)

This document specifies requirements and test methods for E20 petrol marketed and delivered as such, containing a minimum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum of 8,0 % (m/m). The fuel has a maximum of 20,0 % (V/V) ethanol.
It is applicable to fuel for use in spark-ignition petrol-fuelled engines and vehicles.
This document is complementary to EN 228, which describes unleaded petrol containing an oxygen content up to 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 10 % (V/V).
NOTE 1   For general petrol engine vehicle warranty, E20 petrol might not be suitable for all vehicles and it is advised that the recommendations of the vehicle manufacturer are consulted before use. E20 petrol might need a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines might still be needed.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered automotive diesel fuel. It is applicable to automotive diesel fuel for use in diesel engine vehicles designed to run on automotive diesel fuel containing up to 7,0 %(V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME).
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered unleaded petrol. It is applicable to unleaded petrol for use in petrol engine vehicles designed to run on unleaded petrol.
This document specifies two types of unleaded petrol:
-   one type with a maximum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 10,0 % (V/V) in Table 1;
-   one type in Table 2 with a maximum oxygen content of 2,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 5,0 % (V/V) intended for older vehicles that are not warranted to use unleaded petrol defined in Table 1.
NOTE 1   The two types are based on European Directive requirements [3], [4] and [13].
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered automotive diesel fuel. It is applicable to automotive diesel fuel for use in diesel engine vehicles designed to run on automotive diesel fuel containing up to 7,0 %(V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME).
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered unleaded petrol. It is applicable to unleaded petrol for use in petrol engine vehicles designed to run on unleaded petrol.
This document specifies two types of unleaded petrol:
-   one type with a maximum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 10,0 % (V/V) in Table 1;
-   one type in Table 2 with a maximum oxygen content of 2,7 % (m/m) and a maximum ethanol content of 5,0 % (V/V) intended for older vehicles that are not warranted to use unleaded petrol defined in Table 1.
NOTE 1   The two types are based on European Directive requirements [3], [4] and [13].
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.

This document specifies requirements on petrol fuel for use as fuel in small engines, together with the methods to be applied for testing these properties.
This document specifies requirements for two types of petrol fuel having low aromatics and sulfur content:
- one type for use in four-stroke engines with separate lubrication; and
- one mixed petrol fuel type for use in mixture-lubricated engines.
Testing the properties of the added engine oil is out of the scope of this document.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This document specifies requirements on petrol fuel for use as fuel in small engines, together with the methods to be applied for testing these properties.
This document specifies requirements for two types of petrol fuel having low aromatics and sulfur content:
- one type for use in four-stroke engines with separate lubrication; and
- one mixed petrol fuel type for use in mixture-lubricated engines.
Testing the properties of the added engine oil is out of the scope of this document.
NOTE For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This document specifies a method for determining the total acidity, calculated as acetic acid, of ethanol to be used in petrol blends. It is applicable to ethanol having total acid contents of between 0,003 % (m/m) and 0,015 % (m/m).
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction, respectively.
WARNING - Use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the document, and to fulfil statutory and regulatory restrictions for this purpose.

This document specifies a method for determining the total acidity, calculated as acetic acid, of ethanol to be used in petrol blends. It is applicable to ethanol having total acid contents of between 0,003 % (m/m) and 0,015 % (m/m).
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction, respectively.
WARNING - Use of this document can involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This document does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the document, and to fulfil statutory and regulatory restrictions for this purpose.

This document specifies the terminology to be used in the field of sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria for biomass for energy applications. This document specifically considers some relevant terms and definitions used in European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001, the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II), and the European Commission Directive 2009/30/EC referred to as Fuel Quality Directive (FQD), or in other related European regulations.

This document specifies procedures, criteria and indicators meeting the sustainability criteria of European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001 (RED II), the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive, for agricultural biomass and forest biomass for energy applications, i.e. biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels. This document is applicable to production, cultivation and harvesting of biomass from agricultural land and forest land for biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuel production.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered high FAME (B20 and B30) diesel fuel for use in diesel engine vehicles designed or subsequently adapted to run on such fuel. High FAME diesel fuel is a mixture of up to 20 % (V/V) in total and up to 30 % (V/V) in total respectively fatty acid methyl esters (commonly known as FAME) complying with EN 14214 and automotive diesel fuel complying with EN 590.
For maintenance and control reasons high FAME (B20 and B30) diesel fuel is to be used in captive fleets that are intended to have an appropriate fuel management (see Clause 4).
NOTE 1   These products are allowed in Europe [4], but national legislation can set additional requirements or rules concerning, or even prohibiting, marketing or delivering of the product.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
NOTE 3   In this document, A-deviations apply (see Annex A).

This document specifies the terminology to be used in the field of sustainability and greenhouse gas emission saving criteria for biomass for energy applications. This document specifically considers some relevant terms and definitions used in European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001, the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive (RED II), and the European Commission Directive 2009/30/EC referred to as Fuel Quality Directive (FQD), or in other related European regulations.

This document specifies procedures, criteria and indicators meeting the sustainability criteria of European Commission Directive 2018/EU/2001 (RED II), the recast of the Renewable Energy Directive, for agricultural biomass and forest biomass for energy applications, i.e. biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuels. This document is applicable to production, cultivation and harvesting of biomass from agricultural land and forest land for biofuels, bioliquids and biomass fuel production.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered high FAME (B20 and B30) diesel fuel for use in diesel engine vehicles designed or subsequently adapted to run on such fuel. High FAME diesel fuel is a mixture of up to 20 % (V/V) in total and up to 30 % (V/V) in total respectively fatty acid methyl esters (commonly known as FAME) complying with EN 14214 and automotive diesel fuel complying with EN 590.
For maintenance and control reasons high FAME (B20 and B30) diesel fuel is to be used in captive fleets that are intended to have an appropriate fuel management (see Clause 4).
NOTE 1   These products are allowed in Europe [4], but national legislation can set additional requirements or rules concerning, or even prohibiting, marketing or delivering of the product.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.
NOTE 3   In this document, A-deviations apply (see Annex A).

This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered automotive LPG (commonly known as low pressure gas or liquefied petroleum gas).
This document is applicable to automotive LPG for use in LPG engine vehicles designed to run on automotive LPG.
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.
WARNING - Attention is drawn to the risk of fire and explosion when handling LPG and to the hazard to health arising through inhalation of excessive amounts of LPG.
LPG is a highly volatile hydrocarbon liquid which is normally stored under pressure. If the pressure is released large volumes of gas will be produced which form flammable mixtures with air over the range of approximately 2 % (V/V) to 10 % (V/V). This European Standard involves the sampling, handling and testing of LPG. Naked flames, unprotected electrical equipment electrostatic hazards etc. are sources of ignition for LPG.
LPG in liquid form can cause cold burns to the skin. National health and safety regulations can apply.
LPG is heavier than air and accumulates in cavities. There is a danger of suffocation when inhaling high concentrations of LPG.
CAUTION - One of the tests described in this document involves the operator inhaling a mixture of air and LPG vapour. Particular attention is drawn to the cautionary statement provided in A.1, where this method is referred to.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered automotive LPG (commonly known as low pressure gas or liquefied petroleum gas).
This document is applicable to automotive LPG for use in LPG engine vehicles designed to run on automotive LPG.
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.
WARNING - Attention is drawn to the risk of fire and explosion when handling LPG and to the hazard to health arising through inhalation of excessive amounts of LPG.
LPG is a highly volatile hydrocarbon liquid which is normally stored under pressure. If the pressure is released large volumes of gas will be produced which form flammable mixtures with air over the range of approximately 2 % (V/V) to 10 % (V/V). This European Standard involves the sampling, handling and testing of LPG. Naked flames, unprotected electrical equipment electrostatic hazards etc. are sources of ignition for LPG.
LPG in liquid form can cause cold burns to the skin. National health and safety regulations can apply.
LPG is heavier than air and accumulates in cavities. There is a danger of suffocation when inhaling high concentrations of LPG.
CAUTION - One of the tests described in this document involves the operator inhaling a mixture of air and LPG vapour. Particular attention is drawn to the cautionary statement provided in A.1, where this method is referred to.

This document specifies a procedure for the determination of dry residue in ethanol by gravimetric (desiccation) method in the range (10 to 25) mg/100 ml.
NOTE In an interlaboratory study [2] the method described has been tested at levels down to 3,5 mg/100 ml, but the precision appeared to be insufficient at such low levels.
WARNING - Use of this document can involve hazardous equipment, materials and operations. This method does not purport to address to all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the document, and to fulfil statutory and regulatory restrictions for this purpose.

This document specifies a procedure for the determination of dry residue in ethanol by gravimetric (desiccation) method in the range (10 to 25) mg/100 ml.
NOTE In an interlaboratory study [2] the method described has been tested at levels down to 3,5 mg/100 ml, but the precision appeared to be insufficient at such low levels.
WARNING - Use of this document can involve hazardous equipment, materials and operations. This method does not purport to address to all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this document to take appropriate measures to ensure the safety and health of personnel prior to the application of the document, and to fulfil statutory and regulatory restrictions for this purpose.

This document describes requirements and test methods for paraffinic diesel fuel marketed and delivered as such, containing a level of up to 7,0 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). It is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engines and vehicles compatible with paraffinic diesel fuel. It specifies two classes of paraffinic diesel fuel: high cetane and normal cetane.
Paraffinic diesel fuel originates from synthesis or hydrotreatment processes.
NOTE 1   For general diesel engine warranty, the vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use. Paraffinic automotive diesel fuel may need a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines may still need to be done (see also the Introduction to this document). However, it is noted that paraffinic diesel fuel is extensively available and has been increasingly approved by vehicle manufacturers for usage in vehicles since the first publication of this document.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This document describes requirements and test methods for paraffinic diesel fuel marketed and delivered as such, containing a level of up to 7,0 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). It is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engines and vehicles compatible with paraffinic diesel fuel. It specifies two classes of paraffinic diesel fuel: high cetane and normal cetane.
Paraffinic diesel fuel originates from synthesis or hydrotreatment processes.
NOTE 1   For general diesel engine warranty, the vehicle manufacturer needs to be consulted before use. Paraffinic automotive diesel fuel may need a validation step to confirm the compatibility of the fuel with the vehicle, which for some existing engines may still need to be done (see also the Introduction to this document). However, it is noted that paraffinic diesel fuel is extensively available and has been increasingly approved by vehicle manufacturers for usage in vehicles since the first publication of this document.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered automotive B10 diesel fuel, i.e. diesel fuel containing up to 10,0 %(V/V) Fatty Acid Methyl Ester. It is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engine vehicles compatible with automotive B10 diesel fuel.
NOTE 1 This product is allowed in Europe [4], but national legislation can set additional requirements or rules concerning, or even prohibiting, marketing or delivering of the product.
NOTE 2 In this document, A-deviations apply (see Annex A).
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This document specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered automotive B10 diesel fuel, i.e. diesel fuel containing up to 10,0 %(V/V) Fatty Acid Methyl Ester. It is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engine vehicles compatible with automotive B10 diesel fuel.
NOTE 1 This product is allowed in Europe [4], but national legislation can set additional requirements or rules concerning, or even prohibiting, marketing or delivering of the product.
NOTE 2 In this document, A-deviations apply (see Annex A).
NOTE 3 For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent respectively the mass fraction and the volume fraction.

This document specifies an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence test method for the determination of the sulfur content of the following products:
—     having sulfur contents in the range 3 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg,
—     motor gasolines containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen [including those blended with ethanol up to about 10 % (V/V)],
—     diesel fuels, including those containing up to about 30 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME),
—     having sulfur contents in the range of 3 mg/kg to 45 mg/kg,
—     synthetic fuels, such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and gas to liquid (GTL).
Other products can be analysed and other sulfur contents can be determined according to this test method, however, no precision data for products other than automotive fuels and for results outside the specified range have been established for this document. Halogens interfere with this detection technique at concentrations above approximately 3 500 mg/kg.
NOTE 1  Some process catalysts used in petroleum and chemical refining can be poisoned when trace amounts of sulfur-bearing materials are contained in the feedstocks.
NOTE 2  This test method can be used to determine sulfur in process feeds and can also be used to control sulfur in effluents.
NOTE 3  For the purposes of this document, "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, w, and the volume fraction, φ, of a material respectively.
NOTE 4  Sulfate species in ethanol do not have the same conversion factor of organic sulfur in ethanol. Nevertheless, sulfates have a conversion factor close to that of organic sulfur.
NOTE 5  Nitrogen interference can occur, see 6.5 for further guidance.

This document specifies a wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) test method for the determination of the sulfur content of liquid, homogeneous automotive fuels from 5 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg, which have a maximum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m). This product range covers:
—          diesel fuels containing up to about 30 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl esters (FAME),
—          motor gasolines containing up to about 10 % (V/V) ethanol,
—          synthetic fuels such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and gas to liquid (GTL) having sulfur contents in the range of 5 mg/kg to 45 mg/kg.
Products with higher oxygen content show significant matrix effects, e.g. pure FAME used as biodiesel, nevertheless, pure FAME can be analysed when the corresponding procedures are followed (see 5.3 and 8.1).
Other products can be analysed with this test method, though precision data for products other than those mentioned have not been established for this document.
NOTE 1   Sulfur contents higher than 500 mg/kg can be determined after sample dilution, however, the precision was not established for diluted samples.
NOTE 2    For the purposes of this document, "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, w, and the volume fraction, φ, of a material respectively.

This document specifies a wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) test method for the determination of the sulfur content of liquid, homogeneous automotive fuels from 5 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg, which have a maximum oxygen content of 3,7 % (m/m). This product range covers:
—          diesel fuels containing up to about 30 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl esters (FAME),
—          motor gasolines containing up to about 10 % (V/V) ethanol,
—          synthetic fuels such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and gas to liquid (GTL) having sulfur contents in the range of 5 mg/kg to 45 mg/kg.
Products with higher oxygen content show significant matrix effects, e.g. pure FAME used as biodiesel, nevertheless, pure FAME can be analysed when the corresponding procedures are followed (see 5.3 and 8.1).
Other products can be analysed with this test method, though precision data for products other than those mentioned have not been established for this document.
NOTE 1   Sulfur contents higher than 500 mg/kg can be determined after sample dilution, however, the precision was not established for diluted samples.
NOTE 2    For the purposes of this document, "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, w, and the volume fraction, φ, of a material respectively.

This document specifies an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence test method for the determination of the sulfur content of the following products:
—     having sulfur contents in the range 3 mg/kg to 500 mg/kg,
—     motor gasolines containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen [including those blended with ethanol up to about 10 % (V/V)],
—     diesel fuels, including those containing up to about 30 % (V/V) fatty acid methyl ester (FAME),
—     having sulfur contents in the range of 3 mg/kg to 45 mg/kg,
—     synthetic fuels, such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) and gas to liquid (GTL).
Other products can be analysed and other sulfur contents can be determined according to this test method, however, no precision data for products other than automotive fuels and for results outside the specified range have been established for this document. Halogens interfere with this detection technique at concentrations above approximately 3 500 mg/kg.
NOTE 1  Some process catalysts used in petroleum and chemical refining can be poisoned when trace amounts of sulfur-bearing materials are contained in the feedstocks.
NOTE 2  This test method can be used to determine sulfur in process feeds and can also be used to control sulfur in effluents.
NOTE 3  For the purposes of this document, "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, w, and the volume fraction, φ, of a material respectively.
NOTE 4  Sulfate species in ethanol do not have the same conversion factor of organic sulfur in ethanol. Nevertheless, sulfates have a conversion factor close to that of organic sulfur.
NOTE 5  Nitrogen interference can occur, see 6.5 for further guidance.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered fatty acid methyl esters (hereafter known as FAME) to be used either as fuel for diesel engines and for heating applications at 100 % concentration, or as an extender for distillate fuel for diesel engines in accordance with the requirements of EN 590 and for heating fuel. At 100 % concentration it is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engines and in heating applications designed or subsequently adapted to run on 100 % FAME.
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered fatty acid methyl esters (hereafter known as FAME) to be used either as fuel for diesel engines and for heating applications at 100 % concentration, or as an extender for distillate fuel for diesel engines in accordance with the requirements of EN 590 and for heating fuel. At 100 % concentration it is applicable to fuel for use in diesel engines and in heating applications designed or subsequently adapted to run on 100 % FAME.
NOTE   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction.

Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren für gehandelten und ausgelieferten Ethanolkraftstoff (E85) fest. Es ist anwendbar auf Ethanolkraftstoff (E85) zur Verwendung in Fahrzeugen mit Ottomotor, die für den Einsatz dieses Kraftstoffs (E85) ausgerüstet sind.
Ethanolkraftstoff (E85) ist ein Gemisch von nominell 85 % (V/V) Ethanol und unverbleitem Benzin, umfasst aber auch die Möglichkeit verschiedener „jahreszeitlicher Klassen“, die mehr als 50 % (V/V) Ethanol enthalten.
ANMERKUNG 1 Für die Zwecke dieses Dokuments wird zur Angabe des Massenanteils der Ausdruck „% (m/m)“ und für den Volumenanteil der Ausdruck „% (V/V)“ verwendet.
ANMERKUNG 2 Für diese Europäische Norm gelten A-Abweichungen (siehe Anhang C).

Dieses Dokument legt Anforderungen und Prüfverfahren für gehandelten und ausgelieferten Ethanolkraftstoff (E85) fest. Es ist anwendbar auf Ethanolkraftstoff (E85) zur Verwendung in Fahrzeugen mit Ottomotor, die für den Einsatz dieses Kraftstoffs (E85) ausgerüstet sind.
Ethanolkraftstoff (E85) ist ein Gemisch von nominell 85 % (V/V) Ethanol und unverbleitem Benzin, umfasst aber auch die Möglichkeit verschiedener „jahreszeitlicher Klassen“, die mehr als 50 % (V/V) Ethanol enthalten.
ANMERKUNG 1 Für die Zwecke dieses Dokuments wird zur Angabe des Massenanteils der Ausdruck „% (m/m)“ und für den Volumenanteil der Ausdruck „% (V/V)“ verwendet.
ANMERKUNG 2 Für diese Europäische Norm gelten A-Abweichungen (siehe Anhang C).

This European Standard specifies a method based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of manganese content from about 0,5 mg/l to about 7,5 mg/l and of iron content from about 1,4 mg/l to about 6,0 mg/l in unleaded petrol containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1   Manganese as MMT and iron as ferrocene are added to petrol to increase anti-knock properties.
NOTE 2   Solutions of MMT in petrol are unstable when exposed to light. Low and erratic results are expected if petrol samples are exposed to light prior the analysis.
Iron and manganese contents higher than 6,0 mg/l and 7,5 mg/l respectively may be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such a procedure. Further work regarding automotive ethanol (E85) fuel is on-going in CEN.
NOTE 3   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction (φ) of a material respectively.

This European Standard specifies a method based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of manganese content and of iron content, each from about 0,5 mg/l to about 7,0 mg/l in diesels including those containing up to about 10 % (V/V) fatty acid methylester (FAME).
WARNING — The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1   Manganese and iron contents higher than 7,0 mg/l can be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such a procedure.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this European Standard, the term “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction (φ) of a material.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol to be used as an extender for automotive fuel for petrol engine vehicles in accordance with the requirements of EN 228 [5]. It is applicable to ethanol used for blending at all levels up to and including 85 % (V/V).
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the term “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.

This European Standard specifies a method based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of manganese content from about 0,5 mg/l to about 7,5 mg/l and of iron content from about 1,4 mg/l to about 6,0 mg/l in unleaded petrol containing up to 3,7 % (m/m) oxygen.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1   Manganese as MMT and iron as ferrocene are added to petrol to increase anti-knock properties.
NOTE 2   Solutions of MMT in petrol are unstable when exposed to light. Low and erratic results are expected if petrol samples are exposed to light prior the analysis.
Iron and manganese contents higher than 6,0 mg/l and 7,5 mg/l respectively may be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such a procedure. Further work regarding automotive ethanol (E85) fuel is on-going in CEN.
NOTE 3   For the purposes of this European Standard, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction (µ) and the volume fraction (φ) of a material respectively.

This European Standard specifies a method based on inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) for the determination of manganese content and of iron content, each from about 0,5 mg/l to about 7,0 mg/l in diesels including those containing up to about 10 % (V/V) fatty acid methylester (FAME).
WARNING — The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1   Manganese and iron contents higher than 7,0 mg/l can be measured after preliminary dilution of the sample with a suitable solvent. However, the precision has not been established for such a procedure.
NOTE 2   For the purposes of this European Standard, the term “% (V/V)” is used to represent the volume fraction (φ) of a material.

This European Standard specifies a test method for the determination of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) content in diesel fuel or domestic heating fuel by mid infrared spectrometry, which applies to FAME contents of the two measurement ranges as follows:
-  range A: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 0,05 % (V/V) to approx. 3 % (V/V);
-  range B: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 3 % (V/V) to approx. 20 % (V/V);
-  range C: for FAME contents ranging from approx. 20 % (V/V) to approx. 50 % (V/V).
Principally, higher FAME contents can also be analyzed if diluted; however, no precision data for results outside the specified range is available at present.
This test method was verified to be applicable to samples which contain FAME conforming to EN 14214 or EN 14213. Reliable quantitative results are obtained only if the samples do not contain any significant amounts of other interfering components, especially esters and other carbonyl compounds which possess absorption bands in the spectral region used for quantification of FAME. If such interfering components are present, this test method is expected to produce higher values.
NOTE 1   For the purposes of this European Standard, the term "% (V/V)" is used to represent the volume fraction () of a material.
NOTE 2   For conversion of grams FAME per litre (g FAME/l) to volume fraction, a fixed density for FAME of 883,0 kg/m³ is adopted.
WARNING - The use of this European Standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This European Standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this European Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard specifies requirements and test methods for marketed and delivered ethanol to be used as an extender for automotive fuel for petrol engine vehicles in accordance with the requirements of EN 228 [5]. It is applicable to ethanol used for blending at all levels up to and including 85 % (V/V).
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the term “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ, respectively.

This document specifies a system for fuel quality monitoring of petrol and diesel (FQMS).

This European Standard describes a fuel quality monitoring system (FQMS) for assessing the quality of petrol and automotive diesel fuel placed on the market in any of the Member States within the European Community.
European Directive 98/70/EC [1] requires that every separate nationally defined fuel grade should comply with one specification as defined in the Directive. Therefore, for each nationally defined fuel grade, there will be a corresponding European parent fuel grade. For instance, unleaded petrol grades placed on the market in Europe can be 91, 95, 98 RON petrol. See also the example discussed in 5.4.2.
Some basic background ideas behind the FQMS are given in Annex A.
Since the specifications for automotive fuels contain climatic related requirements, the FQMS is run twice a year, once during the winter period and once during the summer period. Information about the dates for the summer and winter periods in a specific country are defined in the country's national annex to EN 228 and EN 590. Fuel samples taken during transition periods shall not be included in the FQMS.
For the purposes of this FQMS, grades of petrol that constitute less than 10% of the total amount of petrol placed on the market in any one country, and grades of automotive diesel fuels that constitute less than 10% of the total amount of automotive diesel fuel dispensed in any country may require separate handling as described in Clause 5 of this European Standard.

This European Standard specifies a procedure for drawing, from fuel dispensers, samples of unleaded petrol and diesel fuel to be used for the assessment of automotive fuel quality in accordance with EN 14274. This European Standard does not cover the sampling of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).
WARNING: The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

TC 19 origin. Reason for corrigendum: replacement of Figure E.1 with correct figure.

This European Standard specifies a procedure for drawing, from fuel dispensers, samples of unleaded petrol and diesel fuel to be used for the assessment of automotive fuel quality in accordance with EN 14274. This European Standard does not cover the sampling of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).
WARNING: The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This European Standard describes a fuel quality monitoring system (FQMS) for assessing the quality of petrol and automotive diesel fuel placed on the market in any of the Member States within the European Community.
European Directive 98/70/EC [1] requires that every separate nationally defined fuel grade should comply with one specification as defined in the Directive. Therefore, for each nationally defined fuel grade, there will be a corresponding European parent fuel grade. For instance, unleaded petrol grades placed on the market in Europe can be 91, 95, 98 RON petrol. See also the example discussed in 5.4.2.
Some basic background ideas behind the FQMS are given in Annex A.
Since the specifications for automotive fuels contain climatic related requirements, the FQMS is run twice a year, once during the winter period and once during the summer period. Information about the dates for the summer and winter periods in a specific country are defined in the country's national annex to EN 228 and EN 590. Fuel samples taken during transition periods shall not be included in the FQMS.
For the purposes of this FQMS, grades of petrol that constitute less than 10% of the total amount of petrol placed on the market in any one country, and grades of automotive diesel fuels that constitute less than 10% of the total amount of automotive diesel fuel dispensed in any country may require separate handling as described in Clause 5 of this European Standard.

This Technical Report provides information to the blender on all the effects when blending oxygenates and alcohols in order to fulfil legal limitations put in place through the revised Fuels Quality Directive and in order to remain in spec for EN 228 unleaded petrol requirements.
This Technical Report is published as background information.
NOTE   For the purposes of this Technical Report, the terms % (m/m) and % (V/V) are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction.

This Technical Report provides information to the blender on all the effects when blending oxygenates and alcohols in order to fulfil legal limitations put in place through the revised Fuels Quality Directive and in order to remain in spec for EN 228 unleaded petrol requirements.
This Technical Report is published as background information.
NOTE   For the purposes of this Technical Report, the terms % (m/m) and % (V/V) are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction.

This European Standard specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method for the direct determination of elements content in ethanol, namely phosphorus in the range (0,13 to 1,90) mg/kg, copper in the range (0,050 to 0,300) mg/kg, and sulfur in the range (2,0 to 15,0) mg/kg.
WARNING - The use of this method may involve hazardous equipment, materials and operations. This method does not purport to address to all of the safety problems associated with its use, but it is the responsibility of the user to search and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction (w) and volume fraction (greek symbol phi).

This European Standard specifies an inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) method for the direct determination of elements content in ethanol, namely phosphorus in the range (0,13 to 1,90) mg/kg, copper in the range (0,050 to 0,300) mg/kg, and sulfur in the range (2,0 to 15,0) mg/kg.
WARNING - The use of this method may involve hazardous equipment, materials and operations. This method does not purport to address to all of the safety problems associated with its use, but it is the responsibility of the user to search and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms "% (m/m)" and "% (V/V)" are used to represent respectively the mass fraction (w) and volume fraction (greek symbol phi).

This document specifies an ultraviolet (UV) fluorescence test method for the determination of the sulfur content of ethanol from 5 mg/kg to 20 mg/kg. Other products may be analysed and higher sulfur contents may be determined according to this test method, however, no precision data for products other than ethanol and for results outside the specified range have been established for this document. Halogens interfere with this detection technique at concentrations above approximately 3 500 mg/kg.
NOTE   For the purposes of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent the mass fraction and the volume fraction of a material respectively.
WARNING — The use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

This standard specifies a procedure for the determination of copper content in ethanol from 0,07 mg/kg to 0,20 mg/kg using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry.
NOTE   For the purpose of this document, the terms “% (m/m)” and "% (V/V)" are used to represent the mass fraction, respectively the volume fraction of a material.
WARNING — Use of this standard may involve hazardous materials, operations and equipment. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.