SIST-TP CEN/TR 16435:2013
(Main)Liquid petroleum products - Oxygenates blending in line with actual EN 228 requirements
Liquid petroleum products - Oxygenates blending in line with actual EN 228 requirements
This Technical Report provides information to the blender on all the effects when blending oxygenates and alcohols in order to fulfil legal limitations put in place through the revised Fuels Quality Directive and in order to remain in spec for EN 228 unleaded petrol requirements.
This Technical Report is published as background information.
NOTE For the purposes of this Technical Report, the terms % (m/m) and % (V/V) are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction.
Flüssige Mineralölerzeugnisse - Zumischung von sauerstoffhaltigen Verbindungen entsprechend den bestehenden Anforderungen nach EN 228
Produits pétroliers liquides - Oxygenates blending par exigences actuelles d'EN 228
Tekoči naftni proizvodi - Linijsko namešavanje oksigenatov skladno z zahtevami EN 228
To tehnično poročilo izvajalcem mešanja podaja informacije v zvezi z vsemi učinki namešavanja oksigenatov in alkoholov za izpolnjevanje zakonskih omejitev, ki jih je uvedla revidirana direktiva o kakovosti goriv, ter za ohranjanje skladnosti z zahtevami standarda EN 228 v zvezi z neosvinčenim motornim bencinom. To tehnično poročilo je objavljeno kot dodatna informacija.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 26-Nov-2012
- Technical Committee
- NAD - Petroleum products, lubricants and related products
- Current Stage
- 6060 - National Implementation/Publication (Adopted Project)
- Start Date
- 07-Nov-2012
- Due Date
- 12-Jan-2013
- Completion Date
- 27-Nov-2012
Overview
CEN/TR 16435:2012 is a CEN Technical Report that provides practical information for petrol blenders on the effects of adding oxygenates and alcohols while remaining compliant with the revised Fuels Quality Directive and the EN 228 unleaded petrol requirements. Published as background guidance, the report clarifies how oxygenate concentration, density and composition influence measured oxygen content and final blend properties.
Key points from the report:
- Definitions: the report uses % (m/m) for mass fraction and % (V/V) for volume fraction.
- Guidance is based on properties of pure chemical products; commercial oxygenates may vary if impurities or by-products are present.
- Selected oxygenates covered include methanol, ethanol (EtOH), isopropyl alcohol (IPA), tertiary butyl alcohol (TBA), MTBE, ETBE, TAME and TAEE (see reference tables in the TR).
Key Topics
Relationship between mass and volume fractions: the document explains that conversion between mass % and volume % depends on component densities and non-linear blending effects (volume change). The conversion relationships given are:
- µ = φ · δ_O / δ_P
- φ = µ · δ_P / δ_O
where µ = mass fraction (% m/m) of the oxygenate, φ = volume fraction (% V/V), δ_O = oxygenate density, δ_P = petrol density.
Reference data: the report reproduces selected densities, molecular weights and oxygen content for common oxygenates and petrol (EN 228 reference ranges).
Blend examples: six worked examples (three for E5 and three for E10 grades) illustrate typical ethanol and ETBE blending options, including single-component blends, co-blending (approx. 1:1 alcohol/ether), and cross-grade comparisons. Assumptions used in examples include a petrol density of 750 kg/m3 and limits of oxygen content maximized at 2.7% (m/m) for E5 and 3.7% (m/m) for E10.
Applications
This Technical Report is aimed at:
- Refinery and terminal blenders preparing EN 228 petrol grades (E5, E10)
- Quality assurance teams verifying oxygen content and compliance with the Fuels Quality Directive
- Product managers evaluating co-blending strategies (ethanol/ether mixes) to meet legal and fuel-spec limits
Practical benefits include clear methods to estimate the oxygen contribution of a blend, guidance on density-related conversion, and example formulations to aid specification control.
Related Standards
- EN 228:2012 - Automotive fuels - Unleaded petrol - Requirements and test methods (primary standard for petrol specifications).
- Fuels Quality Directive (Directive 98/70/EC and subsequent amendments) - legislative framework governing fuel composition and limits.
For detailed tables, exact component properties and the six blend examples, consult the full CEN/TR 16435:2012 text and referenced bibliographic sources.
Frequently Asked Questions
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16435:2013 is a technical report published by the Slovenian Institute for Standardization (SIST). Its full title is "Liquid petroleum products - Oxygenates blending in line with actual EN 228 requirements". This standard covers: This Technical Report provides information to the blender on all the effects when blending oxygenates and alcohols in order to fulfil legal limitations put in place through the revised Fuels Quality Directive and in order to remain in spec for EN 228 unleaded petrol requirements. This Technical Report is published as background information. NOTE For the purposes of this Technical Report, the terms % (m/m) and % (V/V) are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction.
This Technical Report provides information to the blender on all the effects when blending oxygenates and alcohols in order to fulfil legal limitations put in place through the revised Fuels Quality Directive and in order to remain in spec for EN 228 unleaded petrol requirements. This Technical Report is published as background information. NOTE For the purposes of this Technical Report, the terms % (m/m) and % (V/V) are used to represent respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction.
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16435:2013 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16435:2013 is associated with the following European legislation: EU Directives/Regulations: 98/70/EC. When a standard is cited in the Official Journal of the European Union, products manufactured in conformity with it benefit from a presumption of conformity with the essential requirements of the corresponding EU directive or regulation.
SIST-TP CEN/TR 16435:2013 is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
SLOVENSKI STANDARD
01-januar-2013
7HNRþLQDIWQLSURL]YRGL/LQLMVNRQDPHãDYDQMHRNVLJHQDWRYVNODGQR]]DKWHYDPL
(1
Liquid petroleum products - Oxygenates blending in line with actual EN 228 requirements
Flüssige Mineralölerzeugnisse - Zumischung von sauerstoffhaltigen Verbindungen
entsprechend den bestehenden Anforderungen nach EN 228
Produits pétroliers liquides - Oxygenates blending par exigences actuelles d'EN 228
Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z: CEN/TR 16435:2012
ICS:
75.160.20 7HNRþDJRULYD Liquid fuels
2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.
TECHNICAL REPORT
CEN/TR 16435
RAPPORT TECHNIQUE
TECHNISCHER BERICHT
October 2012
ICS 91.100.01
English Version
Liquid petroleum products - Oxygenates blending in line with
actual EN 228 requirements
Produits pétroliers liquides - Oxygenates blending par Flüssige Mineralölerzeugnisse - Zumischung von
exigences actuelles d'EN 228 sauerstoffhaltigen Verbindungen entsprechend den
bestehenden Anforderungen nach EN 228
This Technical Report was approved by CEN on 25 September 2012. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 19.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United
Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION
EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-1000 Brussels
© 2012 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. CEN/TR 16435:2012: E
worldwide for CEN national Members.
Contents Page
Foreword .3
1 Scope .4
2 Background .4
3 General issues .4
4 Reference data .4
5 Blend examples.5
Bibliography .7
Foreword
This document (CEN/TR 16435:2012) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 19 “Gaseous and
liquid fuels, lubricants and related products of petroleum, synthetic and biological origin”, the secretariat of
which is held by NEN.
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent
rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.
1 Scope
This Technical Report provides information to the blender on all the effects when blending oxygenates and
alcohols in order to fulfil legal limitations put in place through the revised Fuels Quality Directive and in order
to remain in line with EN 228 unleaded petrol requirements.
This Technical Report is published as background information.
NOTE For the purposes of this Technical Report, the terms “% (m/m)” and “% (V/V)” are used to represent
respectively the mass fraction, µ, and the volume fraction, φ.
2 Background
The purpose of this Technical Report is to provide guidance when blending oxygenates while meeting the
requirements of EN 228:2012 [3] for both oxygenates and oxygen content as listed in Table 1 and Table 2 of
that European Standard.
Selected properties of some commonly used oxygenates and examples of six oxygenated blends are reported
to demonstrate the relationship between the concentration of oxygenated blending components and oxygen
content.
The data given in this document are based on the properties of pure chemical products. If impurities, by-
products or unreacted feedstocks are present in the oxygenates, these data may differ slightly from those for
commercial oxygenates.
3 General issues
The relationship between oxygenate contents expressed in % (m/m) and %(V/V) depends on the density of
the individual componen
...
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