ISO 23872:2021
(Main)Mining structures — Underground structures
Mining structures — Underground structures
This document specifies the design loads and the design procedures for the design of structures used in underground mines. It covers all steel and concrete structures used in underground mines, irrespective of the depth of the mine or the product being mined. This document adopts a limit states design philosophy. Typical underground structures covered by this document include, but are not limited to: — box front structures at the bottom of rock passes; — conveyor gantry and transfer structures; — chairlift support structures; — crusher support structures; — fan support structures; — fixed or retractable arresting structures for ramps (see ISO 19426-5); — foundations for pumps, fans, winches and underground winders; — high-pressure bulkheads; — monorails; — overhead crane gantries for workshops, pump stations and sub shaft winder chambers; — settler structures; — silo bulkhead structures; — silo structures; — structures supporting loose rock; — tip structures, including dump structures; — underground head frames; — ventilation control doors and other ventilation structures; — walls and floors for safety bays, refuge stations and sub-stations; — water control doors; — water retaining structures. This document does not cover matters of operational safety or layout of the underground structures.
Structures minières — Structures souterraines
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INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23872
First edition
2021-12
Mining structures — Underground
structures
Structures minières — Structures souterraines
Reference number
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols . 4
5 Materials . 5
5.1 Underground storage . . 5
5.2 Concrete . 6
5.2.1 General . 6
5.2.2 Target strength . 6
5.2.3 Plums . 6
5.2.4 Special recommendations for underground application . 6
5.2.5 Water quality . 6
5.2.6 Durability . 6
5.3 Steel . 6
5.3.1 General . 6
5.3.2 Special requirements for underground application . 7
5.3.3 Durability . 7
5.3.4 Timber . 7
6 Nominal loads . . 8
6.1 Operating loads . 8
6.1.1 General loads . 8
6.1.2 Spillage loads . 8
6.1.3 Air pressure loads . 8
6.1.4 Thermal loads . 8
6.1.5 Loads on box fronts. 9
6.1.6 Loads on high-pressure bulkheads . 10
6.1.7 Liquid pressure . 11
6.1.8 Loads on pipe supports . 11
6.2 Ground displacement loads . 11
6.2.1 Initial relaxation . 11
6.2.2 Long-term ground displacement . 11
6.2.3 Sudden ground displacement .12
6.3 Seismic loads .12
6.4 Emergency loads .12
6.4.1 General .12
6.4.2 Explosion loads . 12
6.4.3 Air blast loads .12
6.4.4 Mud-rush loads . 13
6.4.5 Vehicle impact loads .13
6.4.6 Ground or rock impact loads . 13
6.4.7 Emergency load on pipe supports . 13
7 Design procedure .13
7.1 Risk assessment . 13
7.2 Design procedure . 14
7.3 Partial safety factors . 14
7.4 Provision for excavation variations . 14
7.5 Design of high-pressure bulkheads . 14
7.5.1 Types of high-pressure bulkheads . 14
7.5.2 Strength requirements . 15
7.5.3 Watertightness requirements . 16
iii
7.6 Design of underground head frames . 16
8 Construction requirements .16
8.1 Transport and storage . 16
8.2 Anchoring into ground . 16
8.2.1 Chemical grouted anchors . 16
8.2.2 Cementitious grouted anchors . 17
8.2.3 Mechanical anchors . 17
8.2.4 Shear loads on rock anchors . 17
8.2.5 Intact ground . 17
8.2.6 Fractured ground . 17
8.2.7 Anchor tests . 17
8.2.8 Lifting or pulling from rock anchors . 17
8.3 Bearing against ground . 17
8.3.1 Intact ground . 17
8.3.2 Fractured ground . 17
8.4 Excavation tolerances . 18
8.5 Construction of high-pressure bulkheads . 18
Annex A (informative) Transportation, handling and storage .19
Annex B (informative) Use of concrete underground .20
Annex C (informative) Design and construction of parallel sided high-pressure bulkheads
by mortar intrusion .28
Bibliography .
...
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 23872
First edition
2021-12
Mining structures — Underground
structures
Structures minières — Structures souterraines
Reference number
© ISO 2021
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on
the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below
or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii
Contents Page
Foreword .v
Introduction . vi
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 2
4 Symbols . 4
5 Materials . 5
5.1 Underground storage . . 5
5.2 Concrete . 6
5.2.1 General . 6
5.2.2 Target strength . 6
5.2.3 Plums . 6
5.2.4 Special recommendations for underground application . 6
5.2.5 Water quality . 6
5.2.6 Durability . 6
5.3 Steel . 6
5.3.1 General . 6
5.3.2 Special requirements for underground application . 7
5.3.3 Durability . 7
5.3.4 Timber . 7
6 Nominal loads . . 8
6.1 Operating loads . 8
6.1.1 General loads . 8
6.1.2 Spillage loads . 8
6.1.3 Air pressure loads . 8
6.1.4 Thermal loads . 8
6.1.5 Loads on box fronts. 9
6.1.6 Loads on high-pressure bulkheads . 10
6.1.7 Liquid pressure . 11
6.1.8 Loads on pipe supports . 11
6.2 Ground displacement loads . 11
6.2.1 Initial relaxation . 11
6.2.2 Long-term ground displacement . 11
6.2.3 Sudden ground displacement .12
6.3 Seismic loads .12
6.4 Emergency loads .12
6.4.1 General .12
6.4.2 Explosion loads . 12
6.4.3 Air blast loads .12
6.4.4 Mud-rush loads . 13
6.4.5 Vehicle impact loads .13
6.4.6 Ground or rock impact loads . 13
6.4.7 Emergency load on pipe supports . 13
7 Design procedure .13
7.1 Risk assessment . 13
7.2 Design procedure . 14
7.3 Partial safety factors . 14
7.4 Provision for excavation variations . 14
7.5 Design of high-pressure bulkheads . 14
7.5.1 Types of high-pressure bulkheads . 14
7.5.2 Strength requirements . 15
7.5.3 Watertightness requirements . 16
iii
7.6 Design of underground head frames . 16
8 Construction requirements .16
8.1 Transport and storage . 16
8.2 Anchoring into ground . 16
8.2.1 Chemical grouted anchors . 16
8.2.2 Cementitious grouted anchors . 17
8.2.3 Mechanical anchors . 17
8.2.4 Shear loads on rock anchors . 17
8.2.5 Intact ground . 17
8.2.6 Fractured ground . 17
8.2.7 Anchor tests . 17
8.2.8 Lifting or pulling from rock anchors . 17
8.3 Bearing against ground . 17
8.3.1 Intact ground . 17
8.3.2 Fractured ground . 17
8.4 Excavation tolerances . 18
8.5 Construction of high-pressure bulkheads . 18
Annex A (informative) Transportation, handling and storage .19
Annex B (informative) Use of concrete underground .20
Annex C (informative) Design and construction of parallel sided high-pressure bulkheads
by mortar intrusion .28
Bibliography .
...
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