ISO/TC 127 - Earth-moving machinery

This document defines the dimensions and specifies the performance and safety requirements for traction aid winches used in forestry for assisting supported machines while going uphill and downhill (pulling and braking). This document is applicable to fixed and detachable winches and their components, connections and communications, which are used with mobile and self-propelled forestry machinery as defined in ISO 6814:2009 and earth moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165:2012. It is also applicable to remote traction aid winch systems which are installed on a position away from the supported machine. In addition, this document defines requirements for the assembly of supported machine and traction aid winch. It is not applicable to winches which are not using a controlled rope force while going downhill and winches used for skidding, hoisting operations on cranes, draglines, high lead logging, rope logging systems or yarding. The kind of prime mover used to drive a traction aid winch does not limit the applicability of this document. This document is intended to be applied to traction aid systems used on machines where, without use of these systems, the machine remains stationary on slopes under its independent control (see Annex E). Forestry machines, as defined in ISO 6814:2009, that are used as anchor or supported machines are not in the scope of this document. Requirements for the safety of many types of supported machines are within the scope of ISO 11850:2011. This document is not applicable to traction aid winches manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document provides terminology and general guidance on the principles of collision warning and collision avoidance systems for: — earth moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, — mobile underground mining machinery as defined in ISO 19296, and — road construction machinery as defined in ISO 22242. This document provides general requirements for detection of objects, warnings to the operator, automatic intervention control to avoid collision, and test procedures. It is intended to be used in conjunction with the other parts of the ISO 21815 series, which provide detailed guidance and requirements for collision warning and collision avoidance systems and determining risk areas and risk levels. The specific requirements and definitions for particular types of machines are defined in the use case parts of the ISO 21815 series. This document covers collision avoidance by speed reduction or motion inhibit: it does not cover avoidance by automatic manoeuvring (e.g. steering) away from the intended object. The systems described in this document are only intended to assist the operator of the machine. The responsibility for safe operation of the machine remains with the operator of the machine. This document is not applicable to collision warning and collision avoidance systems installed to the machine before the date of its publication.

This document specifies the design loads and the design procedures for the design of structures used in underground mines. It covers all steel and concrete structures used in underground mines, irrespective of the depth of the mine or the product being mined. This document adopts a limit states design philosophy. Typical underground structures covered by this document include, but are not limited to: — box front structures at the bottom of rock passes; — conveyor gantry and transfer structures; — chairlift support structures; — crusher support structures; — fan support structures; — fixed or retractable arresting structures for ramps (see ISO 19426-5); — foundations for pumps, fans, winches and underground winders; — high-pressure bulkheads; — monorails; — overhead crane gantries for workshops, pump stations and sub shaft winder chambers; — settler structures; — silo bulkhead structures; — silo structures; — structures supporting loose rock; — tip structures, including dump structures; — underground head frames; — ventilation control doors and other ventilation structures; — walls and floors for safety bays, refuge stations and sub-stations; — water control doors; — water retaining structures. This document does not cover matters of operational safety or layout of the underground structures.

This document specifies the requirements, content, structure and identification location of a product identification numbering system for earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. NOTE: ISO 10261 PIN can be used on other types of off-road work machines. It is not applicable to the identification of components or attachments.

This document describes the on-board J1939 communication interface between a connected device and mobile machines for use in earth-moving, mining and road construction applications to enable interventional collision avoidance actions defined in ISO 21815-1 based on the SAE J1939 protocol. This interface is intended for use by a collision avoidance system (CAS) device integrated independently from the original machine providing intervention signals to slow down, stop or prevent motion of the machine. The protocol defined by this document can also be used to provide input information for a collision warning system (CWS). This document is not intended for plug-and-play implementation of CAS or CWS on the machine. Additional details not fully described in this document can be negotiated by the CAS or CWS manufacturer and the machine manufacturer to enable functionality. This document does not preclude the possibility of the machine manufacturer or the CxD manufacturer developing alternative on-board communication interfaces.

This document provides a list of standards, referenced in ISO 20474-1 and EN 474-1, that include requirements for information to be included in the operator’s manual. This list of standards is being provided as guidance in creating operator’s manuals.

This document specifies performance and design requirements for air quality control systems for operator enclosures and their monitoring devices. The design specifications are universal in their application and do not contemplate specific mining environments. They are intended to meet identified parameters of both pressurization and respirable particulate and carbon dioxide concentrations. This document also specifies test methods to assess such parameters and provides operational and maintenance instructions. Recommendations are made for operational integration of the air quality control system. Gases and vapours that can be a hazard in the work environment outside of the operator enclosure are excluded from this document.

This document establishes the terminology and content of commercial specifications for hydraulic breakers which are mounted as an attachment on a carrier, typically earth-moving machinery such as an excavator, backhoe loader, skid steer loader, and compact loader as defined in ISO 6165; or mounted on a rig, pedestal boom system, demolition robot, etc., at the end of an arm. Hydraulic breakers are typically used to demolish or break rock, concrete, brickwork, asphalt, etc. This document does not cover breakers powered by pneumatic, thermomechanical, or electromagnetic energy. This document does not cover portable or hand-held breakers either.

This document provides for the interchangeability of attachments on skid steer loaders by establishing requirements for the quick coupler system including dimensional limits for the attachment mounting frame. These quick couplers are typically used on skid steer loaders as defined in ISO 6165. NOTE 1 Skid steer loaders can use other styles of quick couplers but the coupler would not be interchangeable with attachments designed to comply with this document. NOTE 2 The requirements of this document can be applied to quick couplers used on other compact machines. NOTE 3 Quick couplers used on small skid steer loaders and some compact tool carriers can have a different width requirement than provided in this document. See Annex B.

This document specifies general principles for software development and signal transmission requirements of safety-related parts of machine-control systems (MCS) in earth-moving machinery (EMM) and its equipment, as defined in ISO 6165. In addition, this document addresses the significant hazards as defined in ISO 12100 related to the software embedded within the machine control system. The significant hazards being addressed are the incorrect machine control system output responses from machine control system inputs. Cyber security is out of the scope of this document. NOTE For guidance on cybersecurity, see an appropriate security standard. This document is not applicable to EMM manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document specifies requirements and guidelines for the operator's controls on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, in as far as those controls relate to any direct-control machine. The recommendations given for finger-, hand- and foot-operated controls are not intended to prevent usage of other types of controls, control locations or control movements. This document is not applicable to devices which are not directly related to machine control. NOTE For remote operator control of machines, see ISO 15817.

1.1 This document specifies, in accordance with ISO 10326‑1:2016, a laboratory method for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of the seat suspension in reducing the vertical whole-body vibration transmitted to the operator of earth-moving machines at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz. It also specifies acceptance criteria for application to seats on different machines. 1.2 This document is applicable to operator seats used on earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165. 1.3 This document defines the input spectral classes required for the following earth-moving machines. Each class defines a group of machines having similar vibration characteristics: — rigid-frame dumpers >4 500 kg operating mass; — articulated-frame dumpers; — scrapers without axle or frame suspension[1]; — wheeled loaders >4 500 kg operating mass; — graders; — wheeled dozers; — soil compactors; — backhoe loaders; — crawler dumpers; — crawler loaders; — crawler-dozers ≤50 000 kg operating mass[2]; — compact dumpers ≤4 500 kg operating mass; — wheeled compact loaders ≤4 500 kg operating mass; — skid-steer loaders, wheeled ≤4 500 kg and tracked ≤6 000 kg operating mass. 1.4 The following machines impart sufficiently low vertical vibration inputs at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz to the seat during operation that these seats do not require suspension for the attenuation of transmitted vibration: — excavators, including walking excavators and cable excavators[3]; — trenchers; — landfill compactors; — non-vibratory rollers, except soil compactors; — vibratory rollers, except soil compactors; — pipelayers; — horizontal directional drills (HDD). 1.5 The tests and criteria defined in this document are intended for operator seats used in earth-moving machines of conventional design. NOTE Other tests can be appropriate for machines with design features that result in significantly different vibration characteristics. 1.6 Vibration which reaches the operator other than through the seat, for example that sensed by the operator's feet on the platform or control pedals or by the operator´s hands on the steering-wheel, is not covered. [1] For scrapers with suspension, either a seat with no suspension can be used, or one having a suspension with high damping. [2] For crawler dozers greater than 50 000 kg, the seat performance requirements are suitably provided by a cushion type seat. [3] For excavators, the predominant vibration is generally in the fore and aft (X) axis.

This document specifies the communication schema designed to provide mobile machinery status data from a telematics provider's server to customer applications via the Internet. The data is collected from a mobile machine using telematics data-logging equipment and stored on a telematics provider's server. This document describes the communications records used to request data from the server and the responses from the server containing specified data elements to be used in the analysis of machine performance and machine management status related with operation and/or maintenance. It is applicable to self-propelled earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165 and mobile road construction machinery as defined in ISO 22242 equipped with location and time instrumentation. It is not applicable to the on-board data collection, on-board communication protocol (e.g. CANbus) or wireless transmission of the mobile machinery data to the telematics provider's server after the data have been collected at the data logger. See Figure 1.

This document specifies steering system tests and performance criteria for evaluating the steering capability of wheeled, ride-on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165:2012. Wheeled machines include machines equipped with wheels, one or more drums or crawler wheel assemblies. This document deals with the following significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to wheeled machines, when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer: — mechanical hazards; — ergonomic hazards; — hazards due to maintenance; — hazards due to the control system; — hazards related to travelling function. Functional safety of the steering system is not covered in this document. This document is not applicable to wheeled machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document specifies the contents of operator's manuals for earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, and gives guidance on how to structure such operator's manuals. It is intended to assist manufacturers of the machinery in the drafting and presentation of these manuals. Manuals intended for use by service technicians are not within the scope of this document. NOTE 1 Annex A provides basic information items to be included in the operator's manual. NOTE 2 Annex B provides guidance on the presentation and format of hardcopy operator's manuals. NOTE 3 Annex C provides recommendations on the electronic means of communication that can be used to convey the contents of operator's manuals.

This document provides safety requirements for autonomous machines and semi-autonomous machines (ASAM) used in earth-moving and mining operations, and their autonomous or semi-autonomous machine systems (ASAMS). It specifies safety criteria both for the machines and their associated systems and infrastructure, including hardware and software, and provides guidance on safe use in their defined functional environments during the machine and system life cycle. It also defines terms and definitions related to ASAMS. It is applicable to autonomous and semi-autonomous versions of the earth-moving machinery (EMM) defined in ISO 6165 and of mobile mining machines used in either surface or underground applications. Its principles and many of its provisions can be applied to other types of ASAM used on the worksites. Safety requirements for general mobile EMM and mining machines, as well as operators, trainers or passengers on the machine, are given by other International Standards (e.g. ISO 20474, ISO 19296). This document addresses additional hazards specific and relevant to ASAMS when used as intended. It is not applicable to remote control capability (covered by ISO 15817) or function-specific automated features, except when those features are used as part of ASAMS.

This document gives the safety requirements specific to compact tool carriers. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. This document is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for environmental testing of electronic and electrical components identified as safety-related parts of the control system (SRP/CS) used on earth-moving machinery (EMM) as defined in ISO 6165 and their attachments.

This document provides a methodology for the determination of performance levels required for earth moving machinery (EMM) as defined in ISO 6165. A Machine Control System Safety Analysis (MCSSA) determines the amount of risk reduction of hazards associated with control systems, required for Safety Control Systems (SCS). This reduction is quantified by the Machine Performance Level (MPL), the hazards are identified using the risk assessment principles as defined in ISO 12100 or by other means. NOTE 1 Step 2 as shown in Annex A demonstrates the relationship between ISO 12100 and ISO 19014 as a complementary protective measure. NOTE 2 ISO 19014 can also be used to assess the functional safety requirements of other off-road mobile machinery. For those controls determined to be safety-related, the characteristics for architecture, hardware, software environmental requirements and performance are covered by other parts in ISO 19014. ISO 19014 covers the hazards caused by the failure of a safety control system and excludes hazards arising from the equipment itself (for example, electric shock, fire, etc.). Other controls that are not safety control systems (SCS), that do not mitigate a hazard or perform a control function and where the operator would be aware of a failure, are excluded from this standard (e.g. windscreen wipers, head lights, cab light, etc.). NOTE 3 A list of safety control systems is included in Annex D. NOTE 4 Audible warnings are excluded from the requirements of diagnostic coverage.

This document defines terms relating to rock drill rigs and rock reinforcement rigs, including their intended use, working methods, types, and main components. It also provides (see Annex A) several classifications of rock drill rigs, based on intended use, mobility and type of operation. The primary use of this document is in instruction handbooks for rock drill rigs and in marketing material. Safety related terminology is used in ISO 18758‑2. This document is not applicable to drill rigs for soil and rock mixture. NOTE Documents covering vocabulary of related subjects are found in the bibliography.

ISO 13766-1:2018 provides test methods and acceptance criteria for the evaluation of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of earth-moving machinery, as defined in ISO 6165:2012, and of the following building construction machinery as defined in ISO/TR 12603:2010: - drilling and foundation equipment; - equipment used for the preparation, conveyance and compaction of concrete, mortar and processing reinforcement; - road construction and maintenance machinery and equipment. ISO 13766-1:2018 deals with general EMC requirements under typical electromagnetic environmental conditions. (ISO 13766‑2:2018 deals with EMC requirements specifically related to functional safety). Electrical/electronic subassemblies (ESA) and separate ESA intended to be fitted to the machinery are also dealt with. The following electromagnetic disturbance phenomena are evaluated: - broadband and narrowband electromagnetic interference; - electromagnetic field immunity; - electrostatic discharge; - conducted transients. The machinery can have DC or AC or a combination of both as the internal electrical power supply system. ISO 13766-1:2018 is not applicable to machines that are designed to be supplied by an external mains network or to phenomena caused by military applications. NOTE 1 Grid-connected machines are covered by IEC 61000. NOTE 2 Hybrid machines are covered in UN ECE R10-Rev. 5.

ISO 13766-2:2018 provides test methods and acceptance criteria for the evaluation of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of earth-moving machinery, as defined in ISO 6165:2012, and of the following building construction machinery as classified in ISO/TR 12603:2010: - drilling and foundation equipment; - equipment used for the preparation, conveyance and compaction of concrete, mortar and processing reinforcement; - road construction and maintenance machinery and equipment. ISO 13766-2:2018 deals with EMC requirements related to the functional safety of the machinery, its electrical/electronic subassemblies (ESA) and of separate ESA. ISO 13766-2:2018 is relevant only to the safety-related parts of control systems (SRP/CS) as defined in ISO 13849‑1:2015 using electrical/electronic components which meet design requirements equal to or greater than safety‑related performance level PL b as defined in ISO 13849‑1:2015. It also deals with electrical and electronic components or separate ESA intended to be fitted on machinery under the restriction of PL b. The following electromagnetic disturbance phenomena are evaluated: - radiated electromagnetic fields from off-board sources with various field strengths and frequencies; - radiated electromagnetic fields from on-board sources (antenna inside/outside) with various field strengths and frequencies; - electrostatic discharge; - conducted and coupled electrical transients. The machinery can have DC or AC or a combination of both as the internal electrical power supply system. ISO 13766-2:2018 is not applicable to machines that are designed to be supplied by an external mains network or to phenomena caused by military applications. NOTE Grid-connected machines are covered by IEC 61000.

ISO 16001:2017 specifies general requirements and describes methods for evaluating and testing the performance of object detection systems (ODSs) and visibility aids (VAs) used on earth-moving machines. It covers the following aspects: - detection or visibility or both of objects including people in the detection zone; - visual, audible, or both warnings to the operator and if appropriate to the persons in the detection zone; - operational reliability of the system; - compatibility and environmental specifications of the system. It is applicable to machines as defined in ISO 6165. An ODS, VA or both can be used to augment the operator's direct vision (see ISO 5006) or indirect vision using mirrors (see ISO 14401). In addition, an ODS, VA or both can be used to provide additional means of object detection or view, for example, where ergonomic considerations limit the effectiveness of direct vision and to avoid repeated turning of the head and upper body.

ISO 10987-2:2017 gives requirements for identification and labelling, applicable processes, and relevant information for remanufactured components for earth-moving machinery. ISO 10987-2:2017 is applicable to remanufacturing for reuse of components on earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165. It can be used for all types of off-road machines.

ISO 10987-3:2017 gives requirements and relevant information for evaluating used earth-moving machines. It provides the means to evaluate a used machine, relative to the information provided by the manufacturer in the operator's manual, in order to verify that the used machine is functional as intended by the manufacturer. ISO 10987-3:2017 is applicable to earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165 that are used and are planned to be resold. NOTE The used machine might not meet all current standards and regulations (e.g. roading and hazardous environments).

ISO 20474-12:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to cable excavators as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-12:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. It is applicable only to the machine itself if the cable excavator is intended for use in combination with other equipment or attachments such as drill rigs and those for pile driving or extracting and moving (e.g. rail-track, walking legs, pontoon, ship equipment or stationary undercarriages). It does not deal with the specific hazards relevant to such additional equipment or attachments. ISO 20474-12:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-2:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled dozers and crawler dozers as defined in ISO 6165 as well as for the rear-mounted winches on dozers. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-2:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-2:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-4:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled and crawler backhoe loaders as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-4:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-4:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-6:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled and crawler dumpers as defined in ISO 6165, including compact dumpers with seated or standing operator. It is not applicable to dumpers primarily designed for use on public roads. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-6:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-6:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-10:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to trenchers as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-10:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-10:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-7:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled scrapers and crawler scrapers, excepting towed scrapers, as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-7:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled scrapers and crawler scrapers, deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474-1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-7:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled scrapers and crawler scrapers, is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-3:2017 used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474-1. ISO 20474-3:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474-1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-3:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-1:2017 specifies the general safety requirements for earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, each of these requirements being common to two or more earth-moving machine families. It is also applicable to machine attachments, and to derivative machinery designed primarily for equipment used to excavate, load, transport, drill, spread, compact or trench earth, rock, and other materials. It is intended to be used in conjunction with the other parts of ISO 20474, which give the provisions that are specific to particular machine families. Those specific requirements take precedence over the requirements of this document for the machines concerned. For multipurpose machinery, all of those parts of ISO 20474 whose requirements cover the functions and applications of such machines are applicable. EXAMPLE For a compact loader also used as a trencher, the relevant requirements of ISO 20474‑1, ISO 20474‑3 and ISO 20474‑10 are applicable. ISO 20474-1:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. Specific requirements related to autonomous machines are covered in ISO 17757. ISO 20474-1:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-5:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to hydraulic excavators as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474-1. ISO 20474-5:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474-1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-5:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-13:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to rollers as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-13:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-13:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-8:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to graders as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-8:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-8:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-9:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to pipelayers as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474-1. ISO 20474-9:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474-1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-9:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-11:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to landfill compactors as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-11:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-11:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication. NOTE Roller compactors are dealt with by ISO 20474‑13.

ISO 532-2:2017 specifies a method for estimating the loudness and loudness level of stationary sounds as perceived by otologically normal adult persons under specific listening conditions. It provides an algorithm for the calculation of monaural or binaural loudness for sounds recorded using a single microphone, using a head and torso simulator, or for sounds presented via earphones. The method is based on the Moore-Glasberg algorithm. NOTE 1 Issues of binaural calculations are discussed in Annex A. NOTE 2 Users who wish to study the details of the calculation method can review or implement the source code, which is entirely informative and provided with ISO 532-2:2017 for the convenience of the user. This method can be applied to tones, broadband noises and complex sounds with sharp line spectral components, for example transformer hum or fan noise. NOTE 3 It has been shown (see Reference [15]) that this method provides a good match to the contours of equal loudness level as defined in ISO 226:2003 and the reference threshold of hearing as defined in ISO 389‑7:2005. The evaluation of the harmful effect of sound events is outside the scope of ISO 532-2:2017.

ISO 532-1:2017 specifies two methods for estimating the loudness and loudness level of sounds as perceived by otologically normal persons under specific listening conditions. The first method is intended for stationary sounds and the second method for arbitrary non-stationary (time-varying) sounds, including stationary sounds as a special case. The methods can be applied to any sound recorded as single-channel measurements using a microphone, or as multi-channel measurements, for example by means of a head and torso simulator (see Annex D). Since most important technical sounds are time-varying, a model of time-varying loudness is preferable. The methods are based on the Zwicker algorithm.[14] The method for stationary sounds is provided for reasons of continuity and also offers the use of measured one-third-octave-band levels as input. The more general method for arbitrary sounds calculates the specific loudness pattern based on measured time signals by applying a signal processing model that is directly related to physiological and psychological characteristics of the human hearing system. Loudness is calculated from the specific loudness pattern. It has been shown that this method provides a good match to the results of many loudness experiments using synthetic and technical sounds. No prior knowledge about the properties of the sound (e.g. broadband or narrowband noise, tonal content) and no user interactions are required for the fully automated application of the method. The evaluation of the harmful effect of sound events is outside the scope of ISO 532-1:2017.

ISO 5006:2017 specifies a static test method for determining and evaluating the operator's field of view on a rectangular boundary around the machine and on a 12 m visibility test circle (VTC). It is applicable to the earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165 that have a seated operator, and which are intended to operate on work sites and travel on public roads. It provides visibility performance criteria for machines up to the maximum operating mass according to ISO 6016, depending on the type of machine family listed in Table 1. For those machines not listed ? including larger machines, derivative and other types of earth-moving machinery ? the visibility test procedures can be used along with the risk assessment process defined in 10.4.

ISO 15818:2017 specifies the performance requirements for the lifting and tying-down attachment points of earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. ISO 15818:2017 also applies to components and subassemblies of earth-moving machinery which the manufacturer intends to be lifted or tied down separately by using lifting or tying-down attachment points. NOTE 1 Some components (e.g. tyres, tyres with wheels, track shoe assemblies, hydraulic cylinders) can be securely tied down without specific tying-down attachment points. ISO 15818:2017 applies to the following modes of transport: - lifting with cranes (e.g. mobile cranes, gantry cranes); - road transport (e.g. truck, trailer); - rail transport, including combined transport (e.g. wagons with containers, swap-bodies, semi-trailers, trucks); - sea transport. It is not applicable to ? airlift or transport by air, or ? rail transport of machines on wagons subject to shunting. NOTE 2 National or local regulations can be more stringent. ISO 15818:2017 does not include requirements for attaching the machine to a platform of the rail car, boat, etc., from which the machine is intended to work.

ISO 8643:2017 establishes uniform requirements and test procedures for lowering control devices fitted on the boom, intermediate boom and arm cylinders of hydraulic excavators and backhoe loaders to control the rate of drop in the case of a hydraulic line failure or rupture. It is applicable to the lowering control devices of hydraulic excavators and the backhoe equipment of backhoe loaders used for object handling which are equipped with the standard linkage as defined by the manufacturer. On machines where alternative linkage combinations are offered, only the standard length defined by the manufacturer is subject to testing.