ISO/TC 43 - Acoustics

This document specifies basic methods for speech recognition tests for audiological applications. NOTE Examples of speech materials are given in Annex A. In order to ensure minimum requirements of precision and comparability between different test procedures including speech recognition tests in different languages, this document specifies requirements for the composition, validation and evaluation of speech test materials, and the realization of speech recognition tests. This document does not specify the contents of the speech material because of the variety of languages. Furthermore, this document also specifies the determination of reference values and requirements for the realization and manner of presentation. In addition, there are features of speech tests described which are important to be specified, but which are not understood as a requirement. This document specifies procedures and requirements for speech audiometry with the recorded test material being presented by an audiometer through a transducer, e.g., an earphone, bone vibrator, or loudspeaker arrangement for sound field audiometry. Methods for using noise either for masking the non-test ear or as a competing sound are described. Some test subjects, for example children, can require modified test procedures not specified in this document. Specialized tests, such as those used for evaluating directional hearing and dichotic hearing, are outside the scope of this document.

This document describes a test method for measuring in situ the sound absorption coefficient of road surfaces as a function of frequency in the range from 250 Hz to 4 kHz. Normal incidence is assumed. However, the test method can be applied at oblique incidence although with some limitations (see Annex F). The test method is intended for the following applications: — determination of the sound absorption properties of road surfaces in actual use; — comparison of sound absorption design specifications of road surfaces with actual performance data of the surface after completion of the construction work. The complex reflection factor can also be determined by this method.

This document specifies a method for the measurement of room acoustic parameters in unoccupied open-plan offices. It specifies measurement procedures, the apparatus needed, the coverage required, the method for evaluating the data, and the presentation of the test report. This document describes a group of single-number quantities indicating the room acoustic performance of an open-plan office in a condition when one person is speaking. They focus on spatial decay of speech while the quantities in ISO 3382-2 focus on temporal decay of sound.

This document specifies the essential characteristics of a test track surface intended to be used for measuring rolling sound emission of vehicles and their tyres. The surface design given in this document — produces consistent levels of tyre or road sound emission under a wide range of operating conditions including those appropriate to vehicle sound testing, — minimizes inter-site variation, — limits absorption of the vehicle sound sources, and — is consistent with road-building practice.

This document describes methods for checking laser profilometer performance with respect to the capability of such equipment in measuring pavement texture. The objective of this document is to make available an internationally accepted procedure by which performance of various laser-based equipment for pavement texture measurements can be evaluated. The document includes guidelines and recommendations intended to assist users of laser profilometers in verification of their equipment. This document is not intended as the basis for qualifying or approving laser profilometers. The procedure aims at providing tools for verifying that such systems perform satisfactory in all respects important for the correct measurements of texture, as well as to detect when and in what way the performance is unsatisfactory. This document also provides some general information about the limitations and trade-offs of laser profilometer systems. Modern profilometers in use for measurements on pavements are almost entirely of the contactless type (such as laser point or line triangulation) designed for two- or three-dimensional measurements, and this document is intended for evaluating the performance of this type of profilometers. However, some other contactless types of profilometer can use applicable parts of ISO 13473. This document has been prepared as a result of a need identified to correct for unacceptable differences in results measured by various equipment, even if the operators of these claim that they meet the applicable part of ISO 13473. It is not intended for other applications than pavement texture measurement. To be able to exclude errors influenced by programming mistakes or wrong interpretation of ISO 13473‑1 a reference program code, digital profiles and calculated reference MPD-values can be reached via Annex A. This document is a complement to other parts of ISO 13473 in which some specifications are given but methods to check them are not included.

This document specifies differentiated criteria for acoustic conditions and characteristics for rooms and spaces used for music rehearsal. The criteria are specified for different types of music, regardless of the type of building in which the spaces are located. The document provides criteria for room acoustics in spaces used for music rehearsal, whether this is the primary use of the spaces or they are multi-purpose spaces. Together with the acoustic criteria, requirements are given for net room height, net room volume and net area. Criteria for acoustic conditions are differentiated on the basis of three music types: amplified music, quiet acoustic music, and loud acoustic music. This document is applicable to the planning of new buildings and the refurbishment of existing ones. The document can also be used to assess the suitability of existing spaces for different musical purposes. The document can be used for the adjustment of rooms and spaces whose primary purpose is not music rehearsal such as sports halls, classrooms, assembly halls, multi-purpose rooms, etc. Flexible acoustic solutions can be used in order to cover several purposes of use. The criteria in this document do not apply to large, specialized concert halls, opera venues and similar spaces which are basically designed for concerts and performances, or specialized music recording studios. The document does not deal with the need for logistics, storage rooms for instruments and other key support functions relating to music rehearsal. Sound insulation criteria are not included in this document.

This document specifies the measurement method and conditions to obtain reproducible noise levels on-board all kinds of vehicles operating on rails or other types of fixed track, hereinafter conventionally called “unit”, except for track maintenance vehicles in working modes. This document is applicable to type testing. It does not include all the instructions to carry out monitoring testing or evaluation of noise exposure of passengers or drivers over a whole journey. This document is not applicable to guided buses. It provides measurement procedures for vehicle interior noise (in general, a vehicle type test is carried out using only a selected subset of these tests): — when the vehicle is moving at constant speed; — when the vehicle is stationary; — when the vehicle is accelerating or decelerating; — in the driver's cab when an external warning horn is sounding (specifically required for European Union regulation application) It does not provide measurement procedures for: — audibility or intelligibility of any audible signals; — assessment of warning devices other than warning horns. The assessment of noise exposure of train crew due to operational conditions is not in the scope of this document. The results can be used, for example: — to characterise the noise inside these units; — to compare the internal noise of various units on a particular track section; — to collect basic source data for units. The test procedures specified in this document are of engineering grade (grade 2), the preferred grade for noise declaration purposes as defined in ISO 12001. If test conditions are relaxed, for example as they are for monitoring of in-service trains, then the results are no longer of engineering grade. The procedures specified for accelerating and decelerating tests are of survey grade (grade 3).

This document specifies a method to predict the dynamic forces generated by an active component on a receiving structure from measurement on a test bench. It sets out the requirements applicable to test benches and setup measurement conditions of dynamic forces: a criterion of validity of transfer functions measurements can be established for example. The objective is to evaluate noise and vibrations generated by active components mounted on receiving structures, including the possibility to optimise vibration isolators. It can be applied to different systems connected to a building, such as a compressor or a power generator, or to systems connected to a vehicle body, such as an engine powertrain or an electrical actuator, for example.

This document specifies field survey methods for measuring a) airborne sound insulation between rooms, b) impact sound insulation of floors, c) airborne sound insulation of façades, and d) sound pressure levels in rooms caused by service equipment. The methods described in this document are applicable for measurements in rooms of dwellings or in rooms of comparable size with a maximum of 150 m3. For airborne sound insulation, impact sound insulation and façade sound insulation the method gives values which are (octave band) frequency dependent. They can be converted into a single number characterising the acoustical performances by application of ISO 717-1 and ISO 717-2. For heavy/soft impact sound insulation, the results also are given as A-weighted maximum impact sound pressure level. For service equipment sound the results are given directly in A - or C -weighted sound pressure levels.

This document specifies methods for recording the time history of the sound pressure produced either by shooting with calibres of less than 20 mm, or by detonation of explosive charges of less than 50 g TNT equivalent, within the shooting range at locations of interest, regarding the exposure to sound of the shooter, or any other person within the shooting range. The time history of the sound pressure can be the basis for further analyses of this type of sound at the locations of interest.

This document provides specifications for socio-acoustic surveys and social surveys which include questions on noise effects (referred to hereafter as “social surveys”). It includes questions to be asked, response scales, key aspects of conducting the survey, and reporting the results. It is recognized that specific requirements and protocols of some social studies may not permit the use of some or all of the present specifications. This document in no way lessens the merit, value or validity of such research studies. The scope of this document is restricted to surveys conducted to obtain information about noise annoyance “at home”. Surveys conducted to obtain information about noise annoyance in other situations, such as recreational areas, work environments and inside vehicles, are not included. This document concerns only the questions on noise annoyance used in a social survey and the most important additional specifications needed to accomplish a high level of comparability with other studies. Other elements which are required to provide high-quality social surveys, but which are not specific for social surveys on noise (such as sampling methods), can be found in textbooks (see References [1] and [2]). Conformity with the recommendations of this document does not guarantee the collection of accurate, precise or reliable information about the prevalence of noise-induced annoyance and/or its relationship to noise exposure. Other aspects of study design, as well as uncertainties of estimation and measurement of noise exposure, can influence the interpretability of survey findings to a great extent.

This document specifies methodology for qualifying acoustic spaces as anechoic and hemi-anechoic spaces meeting the requirements of a free sound field. This document specifies discrete-frequency and broad-band test methods for quantifying the performance of anechoic and hemi-anechoic spaces, defines the qualification procedure for an omni-directional sound source suitable for free-field qualification, gives details of how to present the results and describes uncertainties of measurement. This document has been developed for qualifying anechoic and hemi-anechoic spaces for a variety of acoustical measurement purposes. It is expected that, over time, various standards and test codes will refer to this document in order to qualify an anechoic or hemi-anechoic space for a particular measurement. Annex D provides guidelines for the specification of test parameters and qualification criteria for referencing documents. In the absence of specific requirements or criteria, Annex A provides qualification criteria and measurement requirements to qualify anechoic and hemi-anechoic spaces for general purpose acoustical measurements. This document describes the divergence loss method for measuring the free sound field performance of an acoustic environment.

This document specifies test requirements for the laboratory measurement of the sound insulation of building elements and products, including detailed requirements for the preparation and mounting of the test elements, and for the operating and test conditions. It also specifies the applicable quantities, and provides additional test information for reporting. The general procedures for airborne and impact sound insulation measurements are given in ISO 10140‑2 and ISO 10140-3, respectively.

This document provides technical guidance to achieve acoustic quality of open office spaces to support dialogue and formal commitment between the various stakeholders involved in the planning, design, construction or layout of open-plan workspaces: end customers, project owners, prescribers, consultants, etc. It is applicable to all open-plan offices in which the following activities are performed: — Space type 1: activity not known yet – vacant floor plate; — Space type 2: activity mainly focusing on outside of the room communication (by telephone/audio/video); — Space type 3: activity mainly based on collaboration between people at the nearest workstations; — Space type 4: activity based on a small amount of collaborative work; — Space type 5: activity that can involve receiving public; — Space type 6: combining activities within the same space. More specifically, this document applies to refitting projects of existing business sites (renovation and/or change or add activities) and layout projects for new spaces and spaces delivered unfurnished. It covers both the activities and the operations of the following stakeholders: — end customers: diagnosis, survey, expression of needs in keeping with their knowledge in the area of acoustics; — project owners: drafting contract specifications; — project management companies (architects, acousticians, ergonomists, economists and consulting engineers): indicating the performance of acoustic solutions and the layout principles used to achieve the result expressed in the specifications; — building traders: reaching a clear and verifiable target with respect to the choices of materials and implementation; — Building developer: promoting indoor environmental quality, including acoustic comfort, in estate operations in order to use it as a competitive element; — specialists in occupational health, safety and quality; — expert assessments and consultancy.

This document describes criteria and procedures for acoustic classification of dwellings. The purpose of this document is to make it easier for developers to specify a classified level of acoustic quality for a dwelling, and help users and builders to be informed about the acoustic conditions and define increased acoustic quality. The document can also be applied as a general tool to characterize the quality of the existing housing stock and includes provisions for classifying the acoustic quality before and after renovation has taken place. By the acoustic quality for a dwelling is understood the quality of the acoustic performances typically included in building regulations, e.g. sound insulation towards neighbouring premises and road traffic as well as sound from service equipment. Sound insulation and room acoustics internally in a dwelling are not included in the acoustic classes defined. This document does not have a legal status in a country, unless decided by its own authorities. However, an additional purpose of this document is to help national authorities and standardization organisations to develop or revise national building regulations and acoustic classification schemes. For the purpose of this document, the term ”dwellings” refers to detached and attached dwelling-houses, buildings with several flats as well as individual dwellings, and a dwelling is the living space for a household.

This document specifies the basic measurement procedures for airborne and impact sound insulation of building elements in laboratory test facilities.

This document specifies laboratory methods for measuring the impact sound insulation of floor assemblies. The test results can be used to compare the sound insulation properties of building elements, classify elements according to their sound insulation capabilities, help design building products which require certain acoustic properties and estimate the in situ performance in complete buildings. The measurements are performed in laboratory test facilities in which sound transmission via flanking paths is suppressed. The results of measurements made in accordance with this document are not applicable directly to the field situation without accounting for other factors affecting sound insulation, such as flanking transmission, boundary conditions, and loss factor. A test method is specified that uses the standard tapping machine (see ISO 10140-5:2021, Annex E) to simulate impact sources like human footsteps when a person is wearing shoes. Alternative test methods, using a modified tapping machine or a heavy/soft impact source (see ISO 10140-5:2021, Annex F) to simulate impact sources with strong low frequency components, such as human footsteps (bare feet) or children jumping, are also specified. This document is applicable to all types of floors (whether heavyweight or lightweight) with all types of floor coverings. The test methods apply only to laboratory measurements.

This document specifies laboratory test facilities and equipment for sound insulation measurements of building elements, such as: — components and materials; — building elements; — technical elements (small building elements); — sound insulation improvement systems. It is applicable to laboratory test facilities with suppressed radiation from flanking elements and structural isolation between source and receiving rooms. This document specifies qualification procedures for use when commissioning a new test facility with equipment for sound insulation measurements. It is intended that these procedures be repeated periodically to ensure that there are no issues with the equipment and the test facility.

This document specifies a laboratory method for measuring the airborne sound insulation of building products, such as walls, floors, doors, windows, shutters, façade elements, façades, glazing, small technical elements, for instance transfer air devices, airing panels (ventilation panels), outdoor air intakes, electrical raceways, transit sealing systems and combinations, for example walls or floors with linings, suspended ceilings or floating floors. The test results can be used to compare the sound insulation properties of building elements, classify elements according to their sound insulation capabilities, help design building products which require certain acoustic properties and estimate the in situ performance in complete buildings. The measurements are performed in laboratory test facilities in which sound transmission via flanking paths is suppressed. The results of measurements made in accordance with this document are not applicable directly to the field situation without accounting for other factors affecting sound insulation, such as flanking transmission, boundary conditions and total loss factor.

This document specifies basic framework measurement methods for sound immission from sound sources placed close to the ear. These measurements are carried out with a manikin, equipped with ear simulators including microphones. The measured values are subsequently converted into corresponding free-field or diffuse-field levels. The results are given as free-field related or diffuse-field related equivalent continuous A-weighted sound pressure levels. The technique is denoted the manikin technique. This document is applicable to exposure to sound from sources close to the ear, for example during equipment tests or at the workplace to sound from earphones or hearing protectors with audio communication facilities. This document is applicable in the frequency range from 20 Hz to 10 kHz. For frequencies above 10 kHz, ISO 11904-1 can be used.

This document specifies two tyres intended to serve as reference tyres when using the close-proximity (CPX) method specified in ISO 11819-2. The CPX method is a method for evaluating different road surfaces with respect to their influence on traffic noise, under conditions when tyre/road noise dominates. This method ideally requires the use of standardized tyres, which have noise characteristics that are broadly representative of the effect of road surfaces on the noise emission of passenger car and heavy vehicle tyres. However, such tyres are not specified in ISO 11819-2. This document serves to specify these standardized tyres.

This document specifies the conditions for obtaining reproducible and comparable measurement results of the airborne sound emitted by vessels of all kinds, on inland waterways and in ports and harbours, except powered recreational craft as specified in the ISO 14509 series. This document is applicable to sea-going vessels, harbour vessels, dredgers, and all watercraft, including non-displacement craft, used or capable of being used as a means of transport on water. There are no limitations to the application of this document with regard to speed, length and height of vessels, as long as the ship is determined to act like a point source at the reference distance of 25 m. All noise data obtained in accordance with this document are referred to a reference distance of 25 m.

This document a) defines single-number quantities for impact sound insulation in buildings and of floors, b) gives rules for determining these quantities from the results of measurements carried out in one-third-octave bands in accordance with ISO 10140-3 and ISO 16283-2, and in octave bands in accordance with that option in ISO 16283-2 for field measurements only, c) defines single-number quantities for the impact sound reduction of floor coverings and floating floors calculated from the results of measurements carried out in accordance with ISO 10140-3, and d) specifies a procedure for evaluating the weighted reduction in impact sound pressure level by floor coverings on lightweight floors. The single-number quantities in accordance with this document are intended for rating impact sound insulation and for simplifying the formulation of acoustical requirements in building codes. An additional single-number evaluation in steps of 0,1 dB is indicated where it is needed for the expression of uncertainty (except for spectrum adaptation terms). Numerical values of the single-number quantities are specified where required for calculations. The rating of measurements over an enlarged frequency range is given in Annex A. A method for obtaining single-number quantities for bare heavy floors according to their performance in combination with floor coverings is given in Annex B. Example calculations of single-number quantities are given in Annex C. The rating of measurements with a heavy and soft impact source (rubber ball) is given in Annex D.

This document a) defines single-number quantities for airborne sound insulation in buildings and of building elements such as walls, floors, doors, and windows, b) takes into consideration the different sound level spectra of various noise sources such as noise sources inside a building and traffic outside a building, and c) gives rules for determining these quantities from the results of measurements carried out in one-third-octave or octave bands for example in accordance with ISO 10140-2 and ISO 16283-1. The single-number quantities in accordance with this document are intended for rating airborne sound insulation and for simplifying the formulation of acoustical requirements in building codes. An additional single-number evaluation in steps of 0,1 dB is indicated for the expression of uncertainty (except for spectrum adaptation terms). The required numerical values of the single-number quantities are specified according to varying needs. The single-number quantities are based on results of measurements in one-third-octave bands or octave bands. For laboratory measurements made in accordance with ISO 10140-2, single-number quantities are calculated using one-third-octave bands only. The rating of results of measurements carried out over an enlarged frequency range is dealt with in Annex B.

This document facilitates a standardized interpretation and a verifiably consistent software implementation of the sound propagation part of the calculation method CNOSSOS-EU:2015 according to ISO 17534-1. Other parts of CNOSSOS-EU:2015, such as the source models or the calculation method for aircraft noise, are beyond the scope of this document. This document provides an agreed interpretation of ambiguous aspects of the sound propagation part of CNOSSOS-EU:2015, a set of illustrative test cases along with reference solutions, and an example of a template form for the declaration of conformity for software manufacturers.

This document outlines strategies to be used in dealing with noise problems in existing and planned workplaces by describing basic concepts in noise control (noise reduction, noise emission, noise immission and noise exposure). It is applicable to all types of workplaces and all types of sources of sound which are met in workplaces, including human activities. It includes those important strategies to adopt when buying a new machine or equipment. This document deals only with audible sound.

This document deals with the technical aspects of noise control in workplaces. The various technical measures are stated, the related acoustical quantities described, the magnitude of noise reduction discussed, and the verification methods outlined. This document deals only with audible sound.

This document specifies an alternating airflow method for the determination of the airflow resistance[5], [6] of porous materials for acoustical applications. Determination of the airflow resistance based on static flow is described in ISO 9053‑1.

This document specifies measurement methods to characterize in the laboratory the acoustic radiation of a building element when it is directly excited by an airborne or structure-borne source. It is applicable to single-leaf and double-leaf elements (see ISO 12354-1:2017 Annex F, F2). The measured quantity can be used as input data for prediction methods, such as ISO 12354-1 and ISO 12354-2, to compare products, or to express a requirement.

This document establishes general rules for the acoustic testing of air-terminal devices, air-terminal units, dampers and valves used in air diffusion and air distribution systems in order to determine sound power levels as defined in ISO 3741.

This document specifies procedures to determine the impact sound insulation using sound pressure measurements with an impact source operating on a floor or stairs in a building. These procedures are intended for room volumes in the range from 10 m3 to 250 m3 in the frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 000 Hz. The test results can be used to quantify, assess and compare the impact sound insulation in unfurnished or furnished rooms where the sound field may or may not approximate to a diffuse field.

This document specifies a laboratory substitution method to determine the insertion loss without flow of ducted, mainly absorbent, circular and rectangular silencers, as well as other duct elements for use in ventilating and air-conditioning systems. NOTE Laboratory measurement procedures for ducted silencers with superimposed flow are described in ISO 7235[5]. This document is applicable to silencers where the design velocity does not exceed 15 m/s. As the method does not include self-generated flow noise, this document is not suitable for tests on silencers where this type of noise is of great importance for the evaluation of the silencer performance. As most silencers, particularly in offices and dwelling, have design velocities below 15 m/s, this document can often be a cost-efficient alternative to ISO 7235[5]. The insertion loss determined according to this document in a laboratory is not necessarily the same as the insertion loss obtained in an installation in the field. Different sound and flow fields in the duct yield different results. In this document, the sound field is dominated by plane wave modes. Due to the use of regular test ducts, the results can include some flanking transmission via structural vibrations in the duct walls that sets an upper limit to the insertion loss that can be determined. This document is intended to be used for circular silencers with diameters of 80 mm to 2 000 mm or for rectangular silencers with cross-sectional areas within the same range.

This document specifies a laboratory method to facilitate the comparison of furniture ensembles and enclosures with respect to their ability to reduce the speech level of the occupant speaking inside the product. In this method, the sound power level is measured in two scenarios: 1) without the product, and 2) with the product. During scenario 1), the test signal is produced by the sound source in an empty room while the product is absent. During scenario 2), the test signal is produced by the sound source inside the product in the occupant's position. Level reduction is the difference of the sound power levels measured in the two scenarios in 1/1-octave frequency bands from 125 Hz to 8 000 Hz. Speech level reduction is a single-number quantity that expresses the corresponding reduction in A-weighted sound power level of standard speech within the entire frequency range from 125 Hz to 8 000 Hz. The method is applicable for entire furniture ensembles or enclosures, which form a unity that serves one or several occupants, and which are also used to provide improved speech privacy. This method is not intended for single components used in workstations, such as a screen, a storage unit, a table, a luminaire, a cupboard, a bookshelf, a standard chair, a wall absorber or a ceiling absorber.

This document specifies how to calculate: — the uncertainty of sound absorption coefficients and equivalent sound absorption areas measured according to ISO 354; — the uncertainty of the practical and weighted sound absorption coefficients determined according to ISO 11654; — the uncertainty of the object sound absorption coefficient according to ISO 20189; and — the uncertainty of the single number rating determined according to EN 1793‑1. Furthermore, the use of uncertainties in reporting measured or weighted sound absorption coefficients is explained.

This document specifies procedures for assessing the measurement uncertainty of sound insulation in building acoustics. It provides for — a detailed uncertainty assessment; — a determination of uncertainties by inter-laboratory tests; — an application of uncertainties. Furthermore, typical uncertainties are given for quantities determined according to ISO 10140 (all parts), ISO 16283 (all parts) and ISO 717 (all parts).

This document applies to hearing aid fitting management (HAFM) services offered by hearing aid professionals (HAP) when providing benefit for their clients. The provision of hearing aids relies on the knowledge and practices of a hearing aid professional, to ensure the proper fitting and adequate service in the interest of the client with hearing loss. This document specifies general processes of HAFM from the client profile to the follow-up through administering, organising and controlling hearing aid fitting through all stages. It also specifies important preconditions such as education, facilities and systems that are required to ensure proper services. The focus of this document is the services offered to the majority of adult clients with hearing impairment. It is recognized that certain populations with hearing loss such as children, persons with other disabilities or persons with implantable devices can require services outside the scope of this document. This document generally applies to air conduction hearing aids and for the most part also to bone conduction devices. Hearing loss can be a consequence of serious medical conditions. Hearing aid professionals are not in a position to diagnose or treat such conditions. When assisting clients seeking hearing rehabilitation without prior medical examination, hearing aid professionals are expected to be observant of symptoms of such conditions and refer to proper medical care. Further to the main body of the document, which specifies the HAFM requirements and processes, several informative annexes are provided. Appropriate education of hearing aid professionals is vital for exercising HAFM. Annex A defines the competencies required for the HAFM processes. Annex B offers a recommended curriculum for the education of hearing aid professionals. Annex C is an example of an appropriate fitting room. Annex D gives guidance on the referral of clients for medical or other specialist examination and treatment. Annex E is a recommendation for important information to be exchanged with the client during the process of HAFM. Annex F is a comprehensive terminology list offering definitions of the most current terms related to HAFM. It is the intention that these annexes be helpful to those who wish to deliver HAFM of the highest quality.

This document provides requirements and supporting information on analysis of data collected in-situ through methods as specified in ISO/TS 12913-2.

This document specifies a method where a vibrating component (a source of structure-borne sound or vibration) is attached to a passive structure (or receiver) and is the cause of vibration in, or structure-borne sound radiation from, the assembly. Examples are pumps installed in ships, servo motors in vehicles or machines and plant in buildings. Almost any vibrating component can be considered as a source in this context. Due to the need to measure vibration at all contact degrees of freedom (DOFs) (connections between the source and receiver), this document can only be applied to assemblies for which such measurement is possible. This document is applicable only to assemblies whose frequency response functions (FRFs) are linear and time invariant. The source can be installed into a real assembly or attached to a specially designed test stand (as described in 5.2). The standard method has been validated for stationary signals such that the results can be presented in the frequency domain. However, the method is not restricted to stationary signals: with appropriate data processing, it is also applicable to time-varying signals such as transients and shocks (provided linearity and time invariance of the FRFs are preserved). This document provides a method for measurement and presentation of blocked forces, together with guidelines for minimizing uncertainty. It provides a method evaluating the quality of the results through an on-board validation procedure but does not comment on the acceptability or otherwise of the results.

This document specifies a reference threshold of hearing for the calibration of audiometric equipment used under the following conditions. a) The sound field in the absence of the listener consists of either a free progressive plane wave (free field) or a diffuse sound field, as specified in ISO 8253‑2. In the case of a free field, the source of sound is directly in front of the listener (frontal incidence). b) The sound signals are pure (sinusoidal) tones in the case of free-field conditions and one-third-octave bands of (white or pink) noise in the case of diffuse-field conditions. c) The sound pressure level is measured in the absence of the listener at the position where the centre of the listener's head would be. d) Listening is binaural. NOTE 1 Correction values for the threshold of hearing under free-field listening conditions and selected angles of sound incidence (45° and 90°) deviating from frontal incidence are given in ISO 8253-2 for information. NOTE 2 Other conditions are given in Reference [1]. The data are given in numerical form for the preferred frequencies in the one-third-octave series from 20 Hz to 16 000 Hz inclusive in accordance with ISO 266 and, in addition, for some intermediate audiometric frequencies up to 18 000 Hz. The threshold data differ from the audiometric zero specified in ISO 389‑1, ISO 389‑2, ISO 389‑5 and ISO 389‑8, since the latter refer to monaural listening through earphones with sound pressure levels referred to specified couplers and ear simulators. Direct comparison between the data in the parts of ISO 389 mentioned above and in this document is therefore not appropriate.

This document specifies methods for calculating an equivalent monopole source level by converting radiated noise level values obtained in deep water according to ISO 17208-1. Procedures are also given for direct calculation from measurements made in deep water with specific hydrophone geometry. The source level calculated by the procedure in this document is that of an equivalent monopole source at a specified nominal source depth, and for broadside aspect only. The nominal source depth is intended to be reported with the equivalent monopole broadside source level value.

This document specifies a test procedure, environment and instrumentation for measuring the exterior sound pressure levels from road vehicles under stationary conditions, providing a continuous measure of the sound pressure level over a range of engine speeds. This document applies only to road vehicles of categories L, M, and N equipped with internal combustion engines. Vehicles where an internal combustion engine cannot operate when the vehicle is at stationary conditions are outside the scope of this document. The method is designed to meet the requirements of simplicity as far as they are consistent with reproducibility of results under the operating conditions of the vehicle. It is within the scope of this document to measure the stationary A-weighted sound pressure level during — type approval measurements of vehicle; — measurements at the manufacturing stage; — measurements at official testing stations; — measurements at roadside testing. This document specifices a test method to determine a reference sound level which is unique for the vehicle and therefore not suitable to compare against a general limit, as test condition, microphone condition location relative to the sound sources can vary significantly. The test conditions in proximity and at engine speeds significantly higher compared to real operation conditions in traffic are deliberately chosen to enable in-use tests at higher background conditions, which are typical for road-side checks. Technical background information is given in Annex A.

ISO 3740:2019 gives guidance for the use of a set of twelve basic International Standards (see Tables 1, 2 and 3) describing various methods for determining sound power levels from all types of machinery, equipment and products. It provides guidance on the selection of one or more of these standards, appropriate to any particular type of sound source, measurement environment and desired accuracy. The guidance given applies to airborne sound. It is for use in the preparation of noise test codes (see ISO 12001) and also in noise emission testing where no specific noise test code exists. Such standardized noise test codes can recommend the application of particular basic International Standard(s) and give detailed requirements on mounting and operating conditions for a particular family to which the machine under test belongs, in accordance with general principles given in the basic standards. ISO 3740:2019 is not intended to replace any of the details of, or add any additional requirements to, the individual test methods in the basic International Standards referenced. NOTE 1 Two quantities which complement each other can be used to describe the noise emission of machinery, equipment and products. One is the emission sound pressure level at a specified position and the other is the sound power level. The International Standards which describe the basic methods for determining emission sound pressure levels at work stations and at other specified positions are ISO 11200 to ISO 11205 (References [20] to [25]). NOTE 2 The sound energy level mentioned in ISO 3741 to ISO 3747 is not addressed in this document as it is not mentioned in any legal requirement. Its application is limited to very special cases of a single burst of sound energy or transient sound defined in ISO 12001.

This document describes a test method to determine the average depth of pavement surface macrotexture (see Clause 3) by measuring the profile of a surface and calculating the texture depth from this profile. The technique is designed to provide an average depth value of only the pavement macrotexture and is considered insensitive to pavement microtexture and unevenness characteristics. The objective of this document is to make available an internationally accepted procedure for determination of pavement surface texture depth which is an alternative to the traditionally used volumetric patch technique (generally using sand or glass beads), giving comparable texture depth values. To this end, this document describes filtering procedures that are designed to give the best possible representation of texture depths determined with the volumetric patch method[13]. Modern profilometers in use are almost entirely of the contactless type (e.g. laser, light slit or light sheet, to mention a few) and this document is primarily intended for this type. However, this does not exclude application of parts of it for other types of profilometers. This ISO 13473 series has been prepared as a result of a need identified when specifying a test surface for vehicle noise measurement (see ISO 10844:2014[6]). Macrotexture depth measurements according to this document are not generally adequate for specifying test conditions of vehicle or traffic noise measurements, but have limited applications as a supplement in conjunction with other ways of specifying a surfacing. This test method is suitable for determining the mean profile depth (MPD) of a pavement surface. This MPD can be transformed to a quantity which estimates the macrotexture depth according to the volumetric patch method. It is applicable to field tests as well as laboratory tests on pavement samples. When used in conjunction with other physical tests, the macrotexture depth values derived from this test method are applicable to estimation of pavement skid resistance characteristics (see e.g. Reference [15]), estimation of noise characteristics and assessment of the suitability of paving materials or pavement finishing techniques. The method, together with other measurements (where applicable), such as porosity or microtexture, can be used to assess the quality of pavements. This document is adapted for pavement texture measurement and is not intended for other applications. Pavement aggregate particle shape, size and distribution are surface texture features not addressed in this procedure. The method is not meant to provide a complete assessment of pavement surface texture characteristics. In particular, it is known that there are problems in interpreting the result if the method is applied to porous surfaces or to grooved surfaces (see Annex B). NOTE Other International Standards dealing with surface profiling methods include, for example, References [1], [2] and [3]. Although it is not clearly stated in these, they are mainly used for measuring surface finish (microtexture) of metal surfaces and are not intended to be applied to pavements.

This document is concerned with active noise reduction (ANR) earmuffs. It specifies the test methods for the determination of the active insertion loss and calculation procedures for deriving the total attenuation. For this aim, the values of sound attenuation in the passive mode also have to be known and are determined according to ISO 4869‑1. These methods are intended for steady noise exposures and are not applicable to noises containing impulsive components. The test methods account for the acoustical interaction between the wearer and the device using measurements of passive (REAT) and active microphone-in-real-ear (MIRE) measurements as specified in ISO 4869‑1 and ISO 11904‑1, respectively.

This document specifies methods of predicting the sound exposure level of shooting sound for a single shot at a given reception point. Guidelines are given to calculate other acoustic indices from the sound exposure level. The prediction is based on the angular source energy distribution of the muzzle blast as defined in ISO 17201-1 or calculated using values from ISO 17201-2. This document applies to weapons with calibres of less than 20 mm or explosive charges of less than 50 g TNT equivalent, at distances where peak pressures, including the contribution from projectile sound, are less than 1 kPa (154 dB). NOTE National or other regulations, which could be more stringent, can apply.

This document specifies a method to determine the acoustic source energy of the muzzle blast for calibres of less than 20 mm or explosive charges of less than 50 g TNT equivalent. It is applicable at distances where peak pressures less than 1 kPa (equivalent to a peak sound pressure level of 154 dB) are observed. The source energy, directivity of the source and their spectral structure determined by this procedure can be used as input data to sound propagation programmes, enabling the prediction of shooting noise in the neighbourhood of shooting ranges. Additionally, the data can be used to compare sound emission from different types of guns or different types of ammunition used with the same gun. This document is applicable to guns used in civil shooting ranges but it can also be applied to military guns. It is not applicable to the assessment of hearing damage or sound levels in the non-linear region. Suppressors and silencers are not taken into consideration in this document.