ISO/TC 127/SC 2 - Safety, ergonomics and general requirements

This document provides terminology and general guidance on the principles of collision warning and collision avoidance systems for: — earth moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, — mobile underground mining machinery as defined in ISO 19296, and — road construction machinery as defined in ISO 22242. This document provides general requirements for detection of objects, warnings to the operator, automatic intervention control to avoid collision, and test procedures. It is intended to be used in conjunction with the other parts of the ISO 21815 series, which provide detailed guidance and requirements for collision warning and collision avoidance systems and determining risk areas and risk levels. The specific requirements and definitions for particular types of machines are defined in the use case parts of the ISO 21815 series. This document covers collision avoidance by speed reduction or motion inhibit: it does not cover avoidance by automatic manoeuvring (e.g. steering) away from the intended object. The systems described in this document are only intended to assist the operator of the machine. The responsibility for safe operation of the machine remains with the operator of the machine. This document is not applicable to collision warning and collision avoidance systems installed to the machine before the date of its publication.

This document describes the on-board J1939 communication interface between a connected device and mobile machines for use in earth-moving, mining and road construction applications to enable interventional collision avoidance actions defined in ISO 21815-1 based on the SAE J1939 protocol. This interface is intended for use by a collision avoidance system (CAS) device integrated independently from the original machine providing intervention signals to slow down, stop or prevent motion of the machine. The protocol defined by this document can also be used to provide input information for a collision warning system (CWS). This document is not intended for plug-and-play implementation of CAS or CWS on the machine. Additional details not fully described in this document can be negotiated by the CAS or CWS manufacturer and the machine manufacturer to enable functionality. This document does not preclude the possibility of the machine manufacturer or the CxD manufacturer developing alternative on-board communication interfaces.

This document provides for the interchangeability of attachments on skid steer loaders by establishing requirements for the quick coupler system including dimensional limits for the attachment mounting frame. These quick couplers are typically used on skid steer loaders as defined in ISO 6165. NOTE 1 Skid steer loaders can use other styles of quick couplers but the coupler would not be interchangeable with attachments designed to comply with this document. NOTE 2 The requirements of this document can be applied to quick couplers used on other compact machines. NOTE 3 Quick couplers used on small skid steer loaders and some compact tool carriers can have a different width requirement than provided in this document. See Annex B.

This document specifies general principles for software development and signal transmission requirements of safety-related parts of machine-control systems (MCS) in earth-moving machinery (EMM) and its equipment, as defined in ISO 6165. In addition, this document addresses the significant hazards as defined in ISO 12100 related to the software embedded within the machine control system. The significant hazards being addressed are the incorrect machine control system output responses from machine control system inputs. Cyber security is out of the scope of this document. NOTE For guidance on cybersecurity, see an appropriate security standard. This document is not applicable to EMM manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document specifies requirements and guidelines for the operator's controls on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, in as far as those controls relate to any direct-control machine. The recommendations given for finger-, hand- and foot-operated controls are not intended to prevent usage of other types of controls, control locations or control movements. This document is not applicable to devices which are not directly related to machine control. NOTE For remote operator control of machines, see ISO 15817.

1.1 This document specifies, in accordance with ISO 10326‑1:2016, a laboratory method for measuring and evaluating the effectiveness of the seat suspension in reducing the vertical whole-body vibration transmitted to the operator of earth-moving machines at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz. It also specifies acceptance criteria for application to seats on different machines. 1.2 This document is applicable to operator seats used on earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165. 1.3 This document defines the input spectral classes required for the following earth-moving machines. Each class defines a group of machines having similar vibration characteristics: — rigid-frame dumpers >4 500 kg operating mass; — articulated-frame dumpers; — scrapers without axle or frame suspension[1]; — wheeled loaders >4 500 kg operating mass; — graders; — wheeled dozers; — soil compactors; — backhoe loaders; — crawler dumpers; — crawler loaders; — crawler-dozers ≤50 000 kg operating mass[2]; — compact dumpers ≤4 500 kg operating mass; — wheeled compact loaders ≤4 500 kg operating mass; — skid-steer loaders, wheeled ≤4 500 kg and tracked ≤6 000 kg operating mass. 1.4 The following machines impart sufficiently low vertical vibration inputs at frequencies between 1 Hz and 20 Hz to the seat during operation that these seats do not require suspension for the attenuation of transmitted vibration: — excavators, including walking excavators and cable excavators[3]; — trenchers; — landfill compactors; — non-vibratory rollers, except soil compactors; — vibratory rollers, except soil compactors; — pipelayers; — horizontal directional drills (HDD). 1.5 The tests and criteria defined in this document are intended for operator seats used in earth-moving machines of conventional design. NOTE Other tests can be appropriate for machines with design features that result in significantly different vibration characteristics. 1.6 Vibration which reaches the operator other than through the seat, for example that sensed by the operator's feet on the platform or control pedals or by the operator´s hands on the steering-wheel, is not covered. [1] For scrapers with suspension, either a seat with no suspension can be used, or one having a suspension with high damping. [2] For crawler dozers greater than 50 000 kg, the seat performance requirements are suitably provided by a cushion type seat. [3] For excavators, the predominant vibration is generally in the fore and aft (X) axis.

This document specifies steering system tests and performance criteria for evaluating the steering capability of wheeled, ride-on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165:2012. Wheeled machines include machines equipped with wheels, one or more drums or crawler wheel assemblies. This document deals with the following significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to wheeled machines, when used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer: — mechanical hazards; — ergonomic hazards; — hazards due to maintenance; — hazards due to the control system; — hazards related to travelling function. Functional safety of the steering system is not covered in this document. This document is not applicable to wheeled machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document provides safety requirements for autonomous machines and semi-autonomous machines (ASAM) used in earth-moving and mining operations, and their autonomous or semi-autonomous machine systems (ASAMS). It specifies safety criteria both for the machines and their associated systems and infrastructure, including hardware and software, and provides guidance on safe use in their defined functional environments during the machine and system life cycle. It also defines terms and definitions related to ASAMS. It is applicable to autonomous and semi-autonomous versions of the earth-moving machinery (EMM) defined in ISO 6165 and of mobile mining machines used in either surface or underground applications. Its principles and many of its provisions can be applied to other types of ASAM used on the worksites. Safety requirements for general mobile EMM and mining machines, as well as operators, trainers or passengers on the machine, are given by other International Standards (e.g. ISO 20474, ISO 19296). This document addresses additional hazards specific and relevant to ASAMS when used as intended. It is not applicable to remote control capability (covered by ISO 15817) or function-specific automated features, except when those features are used as part of ASAMS.

This document gives the safety requirements specific to compact tool carriers. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. This document is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for environmental testing of electronic and electrical components identified as safety-related parts of the control system (SRP/CS) used on earth-moving machinery (EMM) as defined in ISO 6165 and their attachments.

This document provides a methodology for the determination of performance levels required for earth moving machinery (EMM) as defined in ISO 6165. A Machine Control System Safety Analysis (MCSSA) determines the amount of risk reduction of hazards associated with control systems, required for Safety Control Systems (SCS). This reduction is quantified by the Machine Performance Level (MPL), the hazards are identified using the risk assessment principles as defined in ISO 12100 or by other means. NOTE 1 Step 2 as shown in Annex A demonstrates the relationship between ISO 12100 and ISO 19014 as a complementary protective measure. NOTE 2 ISO 19014 can also be used to assess the functional safety requirements of other off-road mobile machinery. For those controls determined to be safety-related, the characteristics for architecture, hardware, software environmental requirements and performance are covered by other parts in ISO 19014. ISO 19014 covers the hazards caused by the failure of a safety control system and excludes hazards arising from the equipment itself (for example, electric shock, fire, etc.). Other controls that are not safety control systems (SCS), that do not mitigate a hazard or perform a control function and where the operator would be aware of a failure, are excluded from this standard (e.g. windscreen wipers, head lights, cab light, etc.). NOTE 3 A list of safety control systems is included in Annex D. NOTE 4 Audible warnings are excluded from the requirements of diagnostic coverage.

ISO 13766-1:2018 provides test methods and acceptance criteria for the evaluation of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of earth-moving machinery, as defined in ISO 6165:2012, and of the following building construction machinery as defined in ISO/TR 12603:2010: - drilling and foundation equipment; - equipment used for the preparation, conveyance and compaction of concrete, mortar and processing reinforcement; - road construction and maintenance machinery and equipment. ISO 13766-1:2018 deals with general EMC requirements under typical electromagnetic environmental conditions. (ISO 13766‑2:2018 deals with EMC requirements specifically related to functional safety). Electrical/electronic subassemblies (ESA) and separate ESA intended to be fitted to the machinery are also dealt with. The following electromagnetic disturbance phenomena are evaluated: - broadband and narrowband electromagnetic interference; - electromagnetic field immunity; - electrostatic discharge; - conducted transients. The machinery can have DC or AC or a combination of both as the internal electrical power supply system. ISO 13766-1:2018 is not applicable to machines that are designed to be supplied by an external mains network or to phenomena caused by military applications. NOTE 1 Grid-connected machines are covered by IEC 61000. NOTE 2 Hybrid machines are covered in UN ECE R10-Rev. 5.

ISO 13766-2:2018 provides test methods and acceptance criteria for the evaluation of the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of earth-moving machinery, as defined in ISO 6165:2012, and of the following building construction machinery as classified in ISO/TR 12603:2010: - drilling and foundation equipment; - equipment used for the preparation, conveyance and compaction of concrete, mortar and processing reinforcement; - road construction and maintenance machinery and equipment. ISO 13766-2:2018 deals with EMC requirements related to the functional safety of the machinery, its electrical/electronic subassemblies (ESA) and of separate ESA. ISO 13766-2:2018 is relevant only to the safety-related parts of control systems (SRP/CS) as defined in ISO 13849‑1:2015 using electrical/electronic components which meet design requirements equal to or greater than safety‑related performance level PL b as defined in ISO 13849‑1:2015. It also deals with electrical and electronic components or separate ESA intended to be fitted on machinery under the restriction of PL b. The following electromagnetic disturbance phenomena are evaluated: - radiated electromagnetic fields from off-board sources with various field strengths and frequencies; - radiated electromagnetic fields from on-board sources (antenna inside/outside) with various field strengths and frequencies; - electrostatic discharge; - conducted and coupled electrical transients. The machinery can have DC or AC or a combination of both as the internal electrical power supply system. ISO 13766-2:2018 is not applicable to machines that are designed to be supplied by an external mains network or to phenomena caused by military applications. NOTE Grid-connected machines are covered by IEC 61000.

ISO 20474-4:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled and crawler backhoe loaders as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-4:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-4:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-6:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled and crawler dumpers as defined in ISO 6165, including compact dumpers with seated or standing operator. It is not applicable to dumpers primarily designed for use on public roads. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-6:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-6:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-5:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to hydraulic excavators as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474-1. ISO 20474-5:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474-1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-5:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-7:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled scrapers and crawler scrapers, excepting towed scrapers, as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-7:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled scrapers and crawler scrapers, deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474-1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-7:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled scrapers and crawler scrapers, is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-3:2017 used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474-1. ISO 20474-3:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474-1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-3:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-1:2017 specifies the general safety requirements for earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, each of these requirements being common to two or more earth-moving machine families. It is also applicable to machine attachments, and to derivative machinery designed primarily for equipment used to excavate, load, transport, drill, spread, compact or trench earth, rock, and other materials. It is intended to be used in conjunction with the other parts of ISO 20474, which give the provisions that are specific to particular machine families. Those specific requirements take precedence over the requirements of this document for the machines concerned. For multipurpose machinery, all of those parts of ISO 20474 whose requirements cover the functions and applications of such machines are applicable. EXAMPLE For a compact loader also used as a trencher, the relevant requirements of ISO 20474‑1, ISO 20474‑3 and ISO 20474‑10 are applicable. ISO 20474-1:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. Specific requirements related to autonomous machines are covered in ISO 17757. ISO 20474-1:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-11:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to landfill compactors as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-11:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-11:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication. NOTE Roller compactors are dealt with by ISO 20474‑13.

ISO 20474-8:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to graders as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-8:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-8:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-2:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to wheeled dozers and crawler dozers as defined in ISO 6165 as well as for the rear-mounted winches on dozers. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-2:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-2:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-9:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to pipelayers as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474-1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474-1. ISO 20474-9:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474-1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-9:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-12:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to cable excavators as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-12:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. It is applicable only to the machine itself if the cable excavator is intended for use in combination with other equipment or attachments such as drill rigs and those for pile driving or extracting and moving (e.g. rail-track, walking legs, pontoon, ship equipment or stationary undercarriages). It does not deal with the specific hazards relevant to such additional equipment or attachments. ISO 20474-12:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-10:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to trenchers as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-10:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-10:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 20474-13:2017 gives the safety requirements specific to rollers as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 20474‑1, which specifies general safety requirements common to two or more earth-moving machine families. The specific requirements given in this document take precedence over the general requirements of ISO 20474‑1. ISO 20474-13:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations and events relevant to the earth-moving machinery within its scope (see ISO 20474‑1:2017, Annex A) when used as intended or under conditions of misuse reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer. It specifies the appropriate technical measures for eliminating or reducing risks arising from relevant hazards, hazardous situations or events during commissioning, operation and maintenance. ISO 20474-13:2017 is not applicable to machines manufactured before the date of its publication.

ISO 532-2:2017 specifies a method for estimating the loudness and loudness level of stationary sounds as perceived by otologically normal adult persons under specific listening conditions. It provides an algorithm for the calculation of monaural or binaural loudness for sounds recorded using a single microphone, using a head and torso simulator, or for sounds presented via earphones. The method is based on the Moore-Glasberg algorithm. NOTE 1 Issues of binaural calculations are discussed in Annex A. NOTE 2 Users who wish to study the details of the calculation method can review or implement the source code, which is entirely informative and provided with ISO 532-2:2017 for the convenience of the user. This method can be applied to tones, broadband noises and complex sounds with sharp line spectral components, for example transformer hum or fan noise. NOTE 3 It has been shown (see Reference [15]) that this method provides a good match to the contours of equal loudness level as defined in ISO 226:2003 and the reference threshold of hearing as defined in ISO 389‑7:2005. The evaluation of the harmful effect of sound events is outside the scope of ISO 532-2:2017.

ISO 532-1:2017 specifies two methods for estimating the loudness and loudness level of sounds as perceived by otologically normal persons under specific listening conditions. The first method is intended for stationary sounds and the second method for arbitrary non-stationary (time-varying) sounds, including stationary sounds as a special case. The methods can be applied to any sound recorded as single-channel measurements using a microphone, or as multi-channel measurements, for example by means of a head and torso simulator (see Annex D). Since most important technical sounds are time-varying, a model of time-varying loudness is preferable. The methods are based on the Zwicker algorithm.[14] The method for stationary sounds is provided for reasons of continuity and also offers the use of measured one-third-octave-band levels as input. The more general method for arbitrary sounds calculates the specific loudness pattern based on measured time signals by applying a signal processing model that is directly related to physiological and psychological characteristics of the human hearing system. Loudness is calculated from the specific loudness pattern. It has been shown that this method provides a good match to the results of many loudness experiments using synthetic and technical sounds. No prior knowledge about the properties of the sound (e.g. broadband or narrowband noise, tonal content) and no user interactions are required for the fully automated application of the method. The evaluation of the harmful effect of sound events is outside the scope of ISO 532-1:2017.

ISO 13031:2016 specifies safety requirements for quick couplers used on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.

ISO 18564:2016 specifies all the information necessary for carrying out efficiently and under standardised conditions the noise emission values of self-propelled forestry machinery. It is applicable to fellers, bunchers, delimbers, forwarders, log loaders, skidders, processors, harvesters, mulchers and multi-function versions of these machine types, as defined in ISO 6814. Noise emission characteristics include A-weighted emission sound pressure values at the operator's station and the A-weighted sound power value. The determination of these quantities is necessary for the following: - manufacturers to declare the noise emitted; - comparing the noise emitted by machines in the family concerned; - purposes of noise control at the source at the design stage. NOTE For low-noise design, noise emission values in frequency bands are useful and the basic International Standards ISO 3744 and ISO 11201 can be used for determining noise emission quantities in frequency bands.

ISO 17989-1:2015 provides guidelines to assist designers and manufacturers of tractors and machinery for agriculture and forestry to integrate sustainability principles, practices and considerations into their organizations and processes. This part of ISO 17989 is specifically applicable to equipment used in the production of food, fibres, fuel and lumber for humans and livestock. NOTE This part of ISO 17989 includes three different levels for the application: principles, recommendations and additional information (annexes). ISO 17989-1:2015 is addressed to the organization management and provides guidance for considering sustainability aspects relevant for the organization and the product life cycle. It defines the factory gate as the system boundary (Figure 1). ISO 17989-1:2015 is not applicable to contractual or regulatory purposes or to registration and certification. Except when they are closely related to sustainability, this part of ISO 17989 does not address issues of occupational health and safety or operator safety aspects of a machine's design. Designers can find guidance on these issues in other International Standards.

ISO 1680:2013 specifies all the information necessary to carry out efficiently and under standardized conditions the determination, declaration, and verification of the noise emission characteristics of rotating electrical machines. It specifies noise measurement methods that can be used, and specifies the operating and mounting conditions required for the test. Noise emission characteristics include the sound power level and emission sound pressure level. The determination of these quantities is necessary: to compare the noise emitted by machines; to enable manufacturers to declare the noise emitted; for noise control purposes. The use of ISO 1680:2013 as a noise test code ensures the reproducibility of the determination of the noise emission characteristics within specified limits determined by the grade of accuracy of the basic noise measurement method used. Noise measurement methods allowed by ISO 1680:2013 are precision methods (grade 1), engineering methods (grade 2) and survey methods (grade 3). Methods of engineering grade (grade 2) are preferred. ISO 1680:2013 is applicable to rotating electrical machines of any length, width or height.

ISO 3164:2013 specifies the deflection limiting volume (DLV) to be used when performing laboratory evaluations of structures which provide protection to operators of earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.

ISO 13459:2012 specifies the trainer-seat deflection limiting volume (DLV), space envelope and performance requirements, and dimensions, for use in laboratory evaluations of protective structures on earth‑moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.

ISO 15817:2012 specifies the essential safety requirements for remote operator control systems used on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. It is not applicable to autonomous control systems that enable a machine to work without the assistance of an operator, nor does it apply to the remote control of attachments on non-remote controlled machines.

ISO 3450:2011 specifies minimum performance requirements and test procedures for the service, secondary and parking brake systems of wheeled and high-speed rubber-tracked earth-moving machines, for the uniform assessment of those brake systems. It is applicable to the following earth-moving machinery, operating on work sites or in mining, or travelling on public roads: self-propelled, rubber-tyred earth-moving machines, as defined in ISO 6165; self-propelled rollers and landfill compactors, as defined in ISO 6165 and ISO 8811; self-propelled scrapers, as defined in ISO 7133; remote-control machines, as defined in ISO 6165, wheeled or rubber-tracked; derivative earth-moving machines with rubber tyres; earth-moving machines with rubber tracks and a maximum machine speed greater than or equal to 20 km/h. It is not applicable to pedestrian-controlled earth-moving machinery (see ISO 17063) or crawler earth-moving machines with steel or rubber tracks that travel at less than 20 km/h (see ISO 10265). While purpose-built underground mining machines are not within the scope of ISO 3450:2011, its provisions can generally be applied to those machines with some braking performance modifications and additions, given in an annex.

ISO 2867:2011 specifies criteria for systems that provide access to the operator station and to routine maintenance points on earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. It is applicable to the access systems (e.g. enclosure openings, platforms, guardrails, handrails and handholds, stairways and steps, ladders) on such machines parked in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions. Its criteria are based on the 5th to 95th percentile operator dimensions as defined in ISO 3411. The general principles set out in ISO 2867:2011 can be used for the selection of fixed and/or portable access systems for repairs, assembly, disassembly and longer interval maintenance. It deals with the following significant hazards, hazardous situations and events: slip, trip and fall of persons, unhealthy postures and excessive effort.

ISO 9533:2010 specifies a static test method for determining the sound output performance and alarm activation requirements of audible travel alarms and forward horns mounted on earth-moving machinery, as defined in ISO 6165, for operation on work sites and travelling on public roads. It offers objective test methodologies and performance criteria. It is applicable only to those alarms and horns that are installed on the earth-moving machinery. It does not specify the installation of one or more audible travel alarms or forward horns on particular machines. It addresses neither the laboratory testing of warning alarm functionality nor durability.

ISO 10263-4:2009 specifies a uniform test method for measuring the contribution to operator environmental temperature provided by a heating, ventilating and air conditioning system operating in a specific ambient environment. The method might not determine the complete climatic environment of the operator since this is also affected by heat load from sources other than those on the machine, for example solar heating. ISO 10263-6 is to be used in conjunction with ISO 10263-4:2008 to determine more accurately the complete heat loading on the operator enclosure. Minimum performance levels for the machine's operator enclosure heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems are established in ISO 10263-4:2008.

ISO 10263-3:2009 specifies a test method which will provide for uniform measurement of the maximum pressurization inside an operator enclosure of an earth-moving machine when equipped with a pressurization system.

ISO 10263-2:2009 specifies a uniform test method to determine performance levels of operator enclosure panel–type air filters used to filter the air entering an earth‑moving machine operator enclosure with a powered fresh air system.

ISO 10263-6:2009 specifies a test method for simulating solar heating in the laboratory and measuring the radiant heat energy from a natural or simulated source. It is applicable to earth-moving machines when equipped with an operator enclosure

ISO 10263-5:2009 specifies a test method to determine the performance of windscreen defrosting systems of earth-moving machinery, fitted with an operator enclosure and a device for defrosting the windscreen. It includes tests that can be conducted with test equipment in commercially available laboratory facilities, as well as in an appropriate outdoor environment

ISO 10263-1:2009 gives the terms and definitions used in the other parts of ISO 10263, which provide test methods and criteria for the evaluation of the operator enclosure environment in earth‑moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.

ISO 12117-2:2008 establishes a consistent and reproducible means of evaluating the load-carrying characteristics of roll-over protective structures (ROPS) for excavators under static loading, and prescribes performance requirements of a representative specimen under such loading. ROPS are to be used where the risk of roll-over exists. ISO 12117-2:2008 applies to ROPS of hydraulic excavators as defined in ISO 6165 with a mass of over 6 t and less than 50 t. It also applies to ROPS for excavator-based or derivated excavators used in object or material handling, demolition or with attachments such as in log-handling and forestry applications. It does not apply to excavators with elevating cab risers.

ISO 3471:2008 specifies performance requirements for metallic roll-over protective structures (ROPS) for earth-moving machinery, as well as a consistent and reproducible means of evaluating the compliance with these requirements by laboratory testing using static loading on a representative specimen. ISO 3471:2008 is applicable to ROPS intended for the following mobile machines with seated operator as defined in ISO 6165 and with a mass greater than or equal to 700 kg: dozer; loader; backhoe loader; dumper; pipelayer; tractor section (prime mover) of a combination machine (e.g. tractor scraper, articulated frame dumper); grader; landfill compactor; roller; trencher. ISO 3471:2008 is not applicable to training seats or additional seats for operation of an attachment.

ISO 9244:2008 establishes general principles and gives requirements for the design and application of machine safety labels to be permanently affixed to earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. It outlines the objectives of signage, describes basic formats, specifies colours and provides guidance on developing the various panels that together constitute a label.