ISO/TC 127/SC 1 - Test methods relating to safety and machine performance

ISO 16001:2017 specifies general requirements and describes methods for evaluating and testing the performance of object detection systems (ODSs) and visibility aids (VAs) used on earth-moving machines. It covers the following aspects: - detection or visibility or both of objects including people in the detection zone; - visual, audible, or both warnings to the operator and if appropriate to the persons in the detection zone; - operational reliability of the system; - compatibility and environmental specifications of the system. It is applicable to machines as defined in ISO 6165. An ODS, VA or both can be used to augment the operator's direct vision (see ISO 5006) or indirect vision using mirrors (see ISO 14401). In addition, an ODS, VA or both can be used to provide additional means of object detection or view, for example, where ergonomic considerations limit the effectiveness of direct vision and to avoid repeated turning of the head and upper body.

ISO 5006:2017 specifies a static test method for determining and evaluating the operator's field of view on a rectangular boundary around the machine and on a 12 m visibility test circle (VTC). It is applicable to the earth-moving machines as defined in ISO 6165 that have a seated operator, and which are intended to operate on work sites and travel on public roads. It provides visibility performance criteria for machines up to the maximum operating mass according to ISO 6016, depending on the type of machine family listed in Table 1. For those machines not listed ? including larger machines, derivative and other types of earth-moving machinery ? the visibility test procedures can be used along with the risk assessment process defined in 10.4.

ISO 8643:2017 establishes uniform requirements and test procedures for lowering control devices fitted on the boom, intermediate boom and arm cylinders of hydraulic excavators and backhoe loaders to control the rate of drop in the case of a hydraulic line failure or rupture. It is applicable to the lowering control devices of hydraulic excavators and the backhoe equipment of backhoe loaders used for object handling which are equipped with the standard linkage as defined by the manufacturer. On machines where alternative linkage combinations are offered, only the standard length defined by the manufacturer is subject to testing.

ISO 17253:2014 specifies the requirements for seated-operator, ride-on, earth-moving machinery, as defined in ISO 6165, and rough-terrain variable-reach trucks, as defined in ISO 10896‑1, intended to be driven on public roads. It specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards, hazardous situations, and hazardous events when these machines are driven on-road. It is not applicable to machines on legs, e.g. walking excavators, to hazards related to standing-operator (ride-on or non-riding) or remote-control earth-moving machines/rough-terrain variable-reach trucks, to user requirements including training, operator licensing and machine taxation, to local use restrictions such as road/bridge capacities, or to environmental requirements such as engine emissions, noise, refrigerants or recyclability.

ISO 21507:2010 gives the performance requirements for non-metallic fuel tanks used by earth‑moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.

ISO 14401-2:2009 specifies criteria for the field‑of‑vision performance of surveillance and rear-view mirrors on earth-moving machinery.

ISO 14401-1:2009 specifies a static test method for determining the field of vision provided by surveillance and rear-view mirrors fitted to earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.

ISO 6016:2008 specifies methods for measuring the masses of whole earth-moving machines, their equipment, attachments or components, using weighbridges or force transducers. It also defines the terms related to these masses. It is applicable to earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.

ISO 16754:2008 specifies a uniform method for calculating the average ground contact pressure of self-propelled and towed crawler (track-laying) earth-moving machines, as defined in ISO 6165, on soft surfaces with empty equipment or attachment. The average ground contact pressure value is used only for comparing different machine models. Actual ground contact pressure values under operating conditions will vary depending on load, position of the centre of gravity, terrain, track shoe type and size, and surface conditions. Alternative methods for determining ground contact pressure could apply to some specific machine families.

ISO 10265:2008 specifies minimum performance criteria and test methods to enable uniform assessment of the service, secondary and parking brake systems of crawler machines. It is applicable to self-propelled crawler machines, as defined in ISO 6165 including derivative earth-moving machines with rubber tracks, with a maximum design speed of 20 km/h or less. This International Standard does not cover those machines that fall under ISO 17063 or wheeled machines equipped with over-the-tyre tracks. Crawler machines with maximum design speed greater than 20 km/h conform to ISO 3450.

ISO 9249:2007 specifies a method for testing the net power of reciprocating internal combustion engines intended for the propulsion of earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. It is intended to provide a standardized means of reporting net power values to the end user of the earth-moving machines. It is applicable to: RIC spark- or compression-ignition engines but excluding free piston engines; rotary piston engines. These engines may be naturally aspirated or pressure-charged using either a mechanical pressure-charger or turbocharger.

ISO 10567:2007 provides a uniform method for calculating the lift capacity of hydraulic excavators and specifies a procedure for verifying the calculations. It is applicable to the limits of both hydraulic lift capacity and machine-tipping, and establishes the rated lift capacity for hydraulic excavators as defined in ISO 7135.

ISO 14397-2:2007 specifies a test method for measuring the breakout forces and lift capacity to maximum lift height of wheeled or crawler loaders, or of the loader portion of backhoe loaders, as these machine types are defined in ISO 6165.

ISO 14397-1:2007 specifies the means for determining the rated operating capacity of wheeled or crawler loaders or of the loader portion of backhoe loaders, having buckets and material handling forks, as defined in ISO 6165. It gives standard methods for the calculation and test verification of the tipping load (mass). It is applicable only to the use of buckets and forks on loaders.

ISO 7451:2007 specifies a method for estimating the volume of materials which a hoe-type or grab-type bucket of a hydraulic excavator or backhoe loader can normally contain. The volume assessments are based on the internal dimensions of the bucket and on the representative volumes at the top of the bucket. The method employs the technique of dividing the complex shape of the material in the bucket into simple geometric shapes. This method of assessment is intended to provide a conventional means of comparing bucket capacities. It is not intended to be used to define true capacities.

ISO 6015:2006 specifies methods for measuring and calculating the tool forces of earth-moving attachments fitted to hydraulic excavators and the hoe equipment of backhoe loaders. It is applicable to hydraulic excavators and backhoe loaders as defined in ISO 6165.

ISO 10570:2004 defines performance requirements for an articulated frame lock designed to prevent unintended machine articulation of earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165 and with an articulated frame during either shipment or maintenance.

Defines the performance requirements of a retrieval device mounted on an earth-moving machine. Contains requirements for verification.

Specifies a test procedure for verifying the manufacturer's published continuous retarding capability. Also applies to other earth-moving machinery equipped with retarders.

Applies to earth-moving machines as given in ISO 6165. Specifies laboratory test procedures evaluating the limiting performance parameters. Fluid systems include engine, power train, fuel system, oil system, etc. The preferred test method is with the machine on a tilt platform or on a prepared slope. An alternative method is testing on a test bench. Annex A shows a model test report.

Specifies basic units, symbols and tolerances for the measurements of general machine dimensions, performance and capacities of earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165. It does not cover methods and instrumentation to be used.

Provides a uniform method of calculating the rated lift capacity and a test method for validating. Applies to machines having a lift capacity greater than 10 000 N. Gives terms and definitions.

Specifies a procedure for calculating the volume of dozer blades. Is intended to be used for consistent comparisons of dozer blade capacities presented in commercial literature for tractors, as defined in ISO 6165. Applies to all types of dozers that are mounted on all tractors defined in ISO 6747. This includes straight, angling, semi-U-, and U-blade configurations. It is assumed that the blade face is flat and vertical.

Specifies a procedure for approximating a volume of a typical material carried in the bowl of an elevating scraper. The volumes are based on the inside dimensions of the bowl and a representative volume on top of the bowl. The method is intended to provide a consistent means of comparing capacities; it is not intended to define actual capacities that might be observed in any specific application.

Specifies a method of determining the speed of both wheeled and track-laying earth-moving machinery. The test method specified may be used for many purposes; for each individual purpose the condition of the machine, for example laden or unladen, is to be stated in the test report.

Specifies a test method to measure the drawbar pull performance of all self-propelled earth-moving machinery (except excavators) and their combination with mounted or trailed equipment, with or without payload. Covers the following criteria measured against travel speed: drawbar pull, drawbar power, and wheel or track slip.

Specifies a procedure for approximating the volume of typical materials contained in the bucket of front end loaders and excavators with front loading buckets. The volume ratings are based on the inside dimensions of the bucket and representative volumes on top of the bucket. The rating method is intended to provide a consistent means of comparing bucket capacities. It is not intended to define actual capacities that might be observed in any specific application.

Specifies a procedure for approximating the volume of typical materials carried in dumper bodies. The volumes are based on the inside dimensions of the bodies and representative volumes on top of the bodies. This rating method is intended to be a consistent means of comparing body capacities; it is not intended to define actual capacities that might be observed in any specific application.

Specifies a procedure for approximating the volume of typical materials contained in the bowl of open bowl scrapers. The volumes are based on the inside dimensions of the bowl and representative volumes on top of the bowl. This rating method is intended to provide a consistent means of comparing capacities; it is not intended to define actual capacities that might be observed in any specific application.

Particularly in the case of earth-moving machinery, the position of the centre of gravity will depend upon the nature and position of any attachments or ancillary equipment with which the item is fitted. This Standard specifies a method for determining the co-ordinates of the centre of gravity of earth-moving machinery such as tractors, loaders, dumpers and graders in any condition of loading or position of attachments.

ISO 21507:2005 describes the performance requirements for non-metallic fuel tanks used in earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165.

ISO 14401-1:2004 specifies two test methods for determining the field of vision provided by surveillance and rear-view mirrors for seated operators of earth moving machinery. It is applicable to self-propelled wheeled and track-type earth-moving machinery as defined in ISO 6165, used on and off public roads.

ISO 14401-2:2004 specifies criteria for the field of vision performance of surveillance and rear-view mirrors on earth-moving machinery. It is applicable to self-propelled wheeled and track-type earth-moving machinery with a seated operator, as defined in ISO 6165, used on and off public roads.

Specifies a method for determining the masking effect caused by parts of the base machine with equipment as specified by the manufacturer on a visibility test circle around the machine from the eye position point of a seated operator. Annex A is for information only.

Applies to crawler and wheeled loaders as defined in ISO 6165. Covers also definitions, apparatus, test site, preparation for test, and test report. Cancels and replaces the first edition (ISO 8313 : 1986), 3.4.1, 3.4.2, 3.5.1 and 9.1.1e) of which it constitutes a technical revision.

Specifies methods for determining the tool forces of hydraulic excavators, together with their limiting conditions. Applies to all types of hydraulic excavators, crawler or wheeled machines, and with or without outriggers, as defined in ISO 6165. Gives definitions and covers apparatus, preparation for test, and test report.