ISO/TC 206 - Fine ceramics

This document specifies the conditions for determination of the tensile properties of single filaments of ceramic fibre such as the tensile strength, Young modulus and fracture strain. This document applies to continuous ceramic filaments taken from tows, yarns, braids and knittings, which have strain to fracture less than or equal to 5 %. This document does not apply to carbon fibres that exhibit a nonlinear stress-strain curve. This document does not apply to checking the homogeneity of strength properties of fibres, or to assessing the effects of volume under stress. Methods of estimation of strength statistical parameters are indicated.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the air-purification performance, with regards to removal of acetaldehyde, of materials that contain a photocatalyst or have photocatalytic films on the surface, usually made from semiconducting metal oxides such as titanium dioxide or other ceramic materials, by continuous exposure of a test piece to the model air pollutant under illumination from indoor light. This document is applicable for use with different kinds of materials, such as construction materials in flat sheet, board or plate shape, which are the basic forms of materials for various applications. This document also applies to materials in honeycomb form, and to plastic or paper materials containing ceramic microcrystals and composites. This document does not apply to powder or granular photocatalytic materials. This test method is usually applicable to photocatalytic materials produced for air purification. This method is not suitable for the determination of other performance attributes of photocatalytic materials, i.e. decomposition of water contaminants, self-cleaning, antifogging and antibacterial actions.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the air-purification performance, with regards to the removal of formaldehyde, of materials that contain a photocatalyst or have photocatalytic films on the surface, usually made from semiconducting metal oxides such as titanium dioxide or other ceramic materials, by continuous exposure of a test piece to the model air pollutant under illumination from indoor light. This document is applicable for use with different kinds of materials, such as construction materials in flat sheet, board or plate shape, which are the basic forms of materials for various applications. This document also applies to materials in honeycomb form, and to plastic or paper materials containing ceramic microcrystals and composites. This document does not apply to powder or granular photocatalytic materials. This test method is usually applicable to photocatalytic materials produced for air purification. This method is not suitable for the determination of other performance attributes of photocatalytic materials, i.e. decomposition of water contaminants, self-cleaning, antifogging and antibacterial actions.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the air-purification performance, with regards to removal of methyl mercaptan, of materials that contain a photocatalyst or have photocatalytic films on the surface, usually made from semiconducting metal oxides such as titanium dioxide or other ceramic materials, by continuous exposure of a test piece to the model air pollutant under illumination with indoor light. This document is applicable for use with different kinds of materials, such as construction materials in flat sheet, board or plate shape, which are the basic forms of materials for various applications. This document also applies to materials in honeycomb form, and to plastic or paper materials containing ceramic microcrystals and composites. This document does not apply to powder or granular photocatalytic materials. This test method is usually applicable to photocatalytic materials produced for air purification. This method is not suitable for the determination of other performance attributes of photocatalytic materials, i.e. decomposition of water contaminants, self-cleaning, antifogging and antibacterial actions.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the air purification performance, with regards to removal of nitric oxide, of materials that contain a photocatalyst or have photocatalytic films on the surface, usually made from semiconducting metal oxides such as titanium dioxide or other ceramic materials, by continuous exposure of a test piece to the model air pollutant under illumination from indoor light. This document is applicable for use with different kinds of materials, such as construction materials in flat sheet, board or plate shape, which are the basic forms of materials for various applications. This document also applies to materials in honeycomb form, and to plastic or paper materials containing ceramic microcrystals and composites. This document does not apply to certain test pieces that contain a large amount of adsorbent, due to unattained adsorption equilibrium. This document does not apply to powder or granular photocatalytic materials. This test method is usually applicable to photocatalytic materials produced for air purification. This method is not suitable for the determination of other performance attributes of photocatalytic materials, i.e. decomposition of water contaminants, self-cleaning, antifogging and antibacterial actions.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the air-purification performance, with regards to the removal of toluene, of materials that contain a photocatalyst or have photocatalytic films on the surface, usually made from semiconducting metal oxides such as titanium dioxide or other ceramic materials, by continuous exposure of a test piece to the model air pollutant under illumination from indoor light. This document is applicable for use with different kinds of materials, such as construction materials in flat sheet, board or plate shape, which are the basic forms of materials for various applications. This document also applies to materials in honeycomb form, and to plastic or paper materials containing ceramic microcrystals and composites. This document does not apply to powder or granular photocatalytic materials. This test method is usually applicable to photocatalytic materials produced for air purification. This method is not suitable for the determination of other performance attributes of photocatalytic materials, i.e. decomposition of water contaminants, self-cleaning, antifogging and antibacterial actions.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the flexural strength of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement, under three-point or four-point bend at room temperature. This document is applicable to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D), and tridirectional xD with (2 x ≤ 3) as defined in ISO 19634, loaded along one principal axis of reinforcement.

This document specifies methods for chemical analysis of impurities in refined high-purity yttrium oxide (Y2O3) powders used as a raw material for fine ceramics. This document is applicable for determination of aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe) and silicon (Si) in yttrium oxide powders. Yttrium oxide powders are decomposed by microwave decomposition method. The aluminium (Al), calcium (Ca), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe) and silicon (Si) contents are determined by using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). This document does not apply to coarse unrefined powders from mineral extraction and processing operations, which are covered by ISO 24181-1.

This document specifies the irradiation equipment using ultraviolet light emitting diode (UV-LED) and optical radiometry for testing the performance of semiconducting photocatalytic materials. The UV-LED irradiation equipment specified in this document uses UV-LEDs having a peak wavelength of 365 nm in the UV-A range and applies for a semiconductor photocatalyst exhibiting a photocatalytic function at this wavelength. This document applies only to irradiation equipment using UV-LED. ISO 10677[ REF Reference_ref_2 \r \h 2 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000100000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F0032000000 ] is applicable for equipment using conventional UV light sources such as fluorescent lamps.

This document specifies the conditions for determination of the axial tensile properties of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) tubes with continuous fibre-reinforcement at elevated temperature in air, vacuum and inert gas atmospheres. The applicability of this document is specific to tubular geometries because fibre architecture and specimen geometry factors in composite tubes are distinctly different from those in flat specimens. This document provides information on the axial tensile properties and stress-strain response in temperature, such as axial tensile strength, axial tensile strain at failure and elastic constants. The information can be used for material development, control of manufacturing (quality insurance), material comparison, characterization, reliability and design data generation for tubular components. This document addresses, but is not restricted to, various suggested test piece fabrication methods. This document is primarily applicable to ceramic matrix composite tubes with a continuous fibrous-reinforcement: unidirectional (1D, filament winding and tape lay-up), bi-directional (2D, braid and weave) and multi-directional (xD, with x > 2), tested along the tube axis.

This document specifies a test method for determination of tensile properties, such as tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and fracture strain of ceramic filaments at elevated temperature in air using the hot grip technique. This document applies to continuous ceramic filaments obtained either from a multifilament bundle or spool. This document does not apply to ceramic filaments with creep behaviour at test temperature. The hot grip technique is limited by the temperature resistance of the current ceramic adhesive.

This document specifies a method for determination of the internal stress in thin ceramic coatings. The internal stress is determined by application of the Stoney formula to the results obtained from measurement of the radius of curvature of isotropic strips or discs with single-face coating.

This document specifies a test method for determination of the thermal conductivity of ceramics coatings on ceramic or metal substrate at the direction perpendicular to the surface by using relative method. Procedures for calculation, data collection, and reporting are given. This document is applicable primarily to the ceramic coatings on ceramic or metal substrates. The applicable coatings are thin ceramic coatings used as a thermal barrier coating, environmental barrier coating and wear-resistant coating. This document is applicable for coating thickness to substrate thickness ratios greater than 1/100 and less than 1/500. While this ratio range it is too low for direct measurement methods, the calculation specified in this document is effective for estimating the thermal conductivity of the coating in this range, including thermal resistance.

This document specifies a test method for determination of the fracture resistance of monolithic ceramics at room temperature using the indentation fracture (IF) method. This document is applicable to dense monolithic ceramics and whisker- or particulate-reinforced ceramics which are regarded as macroscopically homogeneous. This document is not applicable to monolithic silicon nitride ceramics for bearing balls and continuous-fibre-reinforced ceramics composites. This document is applicable for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization and reliability data generation. Indentation fracture resistance, KI,IFR, as defined in this document is not to be equated with fracture toughness determined using other test methods such as KIsc and KIpb. NOTE KI,IFR is an estimate of a material’s resistance to cracking as introduced by an indenter and has correlations with wear resistance and rolling contact fatigue performance as well as machining processes, since these properties are governed by the resistance to crack extension in localized damage areas.[1]-[3] By contrast, fracture toughness properties KIsc and KIpb are intrinsic properties of a material and are relevant to macroscopic and catastrophic fracture events with long cracks rather than those phenomena caused by microscopic and successive damage accumulation associated with short cracks.

This document specifies procedures for determination of the compressive behaviour of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement at elevated temperature in air, vacuum and inert gas atmospheres. This document applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, uni-directional (1D), bidirectional (2D) and multi-directional (xD, with x > 2), tested along one principal axis of reinforcement or off axis conditions for 2D and xD materials. This document also applies to carbon-fibre-reinforced carbon matrix composites (also known as carbon/carbon or C/C). Two cases of testing are distinguished: compression between platens and compression using grips.

This document specifies procedures for determination of the tensile behaviour of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement at elevated temperature in air, vacuum and inert gas atmospheres. This method applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, uni-directional (1D), bidirectional (2D) and multi-directional (xD, with x> 2), tested along one principal axis of reinforcement or off axis conditions for 2D and xD materials. This method also applies to carbon-fibre-reinforced carbon matrix composites (also known as carbon/carbon or C/C). NOTE In most cases, ceramic matrix composites to be used at high temperature in air are coated with an anti-oxidation coating.

This document specifies a method used for the determination of normal spectral emissivity and normal quasi-total emissivity of fine ceramics using blackbody reference with a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) at elevated temperatures. This method is applicable to fine ceramics, ceramic matrix composites, and continuous fibre-reinforced ceramic matrix composites which are opaque and highly non-reflective at wavelengths between 1,67 μm and 25 μm. The applicable temperature range is approximately 350 K to 1 100 K.

This document specifies two methods for the determination of the specific heat capacity of ceramic matrix composites with continuous reinforcements (1D, 2D, 3D). Unidirectional (1D), bi-directional (2D) and tridirectional (XD, with 2 X ≤ 3). The two methods are: — method A: drop calorimetry; — method B: differential scanning calorimetry. The two methods are applicable from ambient temperature up to a maximum temperature that is method dependent: method A can be used up to 3 000 K, while method B is limited to 1 900 K.

This document specifies a method to evaluate the adequateness of a probe tip for fine-ceramic thin-film surface roughness measurements by atomic force microscopy. This method applies to surfaces with an arithmetical mean roughness, Ra, in the range of about 1 nm to 30 nm and a mean width of roughness profile elements, Rsm, in the range of about 0,04 μm to 2,5 μm.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the photocatalytic activity of surfaces by means of degradation of methylene blue (MB) in an aqueous medium under artificial irradiation, and characterises photocatalytically active surfaces with respect to their activity for degradation of dissolved organic molecules under radiant exposure to ultraviolet light. This document does not apply for the characterization of surfaces with respect to their photocatalytic activity under visible light. A correlation of photocatalytic activity with the removal of direct soiling, the degradation of gaseous molecules in the environmental air or the antimicrobial efficacy can exist, especially for surfaces with low photonic efficiency.

This document specifies test methods for the use of an integrating sphere to measure the optical properties of ceramic phosphor powders, which are used in white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and emit visible light when excited by UV or blue light. This document specifies an absolute method to measure internal quantum efficiency and a substitution method to measure external quantum efficiency and absorptance. The substitution method uses reference materials whose external quantum efficiency and absorptance have been obtained in accordance with ISO 23946.

This document specifies the conditions for the determination of the distribution of strength and rupture strain of ceramic filaments within a multifilament tow at room temperature by performing a tensile test on a multifilament tow. This document applies to dry tows of continuous ceramic filaments that are assumed to act freely and independently under loading and exhibit linear elastic behaviour up to failure. The outputs of this method are not to be mixed up with the strengths of embedded tows determined by using ISO 24046.

This document describes a method for determining the etch pit density, which is used to detect dislocations and processing-introduced defects that occur on single-crystal GaN substrates or single-crystal GaN films. It is applicable to the defects specified in ISO 5618-1 from among the defects exposed on the surface of the following types of GaN substrates or films: single-crystal GaN substrate; single-crystal GaN film formed by homoepitaxial growth on a single-crystal GaN substrate; or single-crystal GaN film formed by heteroepitaxial growth on a single-crystal Al2O3, SiC, or Si substrate. It is applicable to defects with an etch pit density of ≤ 7 × 107 cm-2.

This document describes the methods for the determination of void and fibre with specific orientation contents in a polished cross section of continuous fibre-reinforced ceramic matrix composites by image analysis. The methods apply to all ceramic matrix composites with continuous fibre reinforcement: bidirectional (2D) and tridirectional (3D). The methods also apply to carbon-fibre-reinforced carbon matrix composites (also known as: carbon/carbon or C/C). NOTE The result obtained by the method is not volume content but area content.

This document gives a classification of the dislocations and process-induced defects, from among the various surface defects, that occur on single-crystal gallium nitride (GaN) substrates or single-crystal GaN films. It is applicable to the dislocations and process-induced defects exposed on the surface of the following types of GaN substrates or films: — single-crystal GaN substrate; — single-crystal GaN film formed by homoepitaxial growth on a single-crystal GaN substrate; — single-crystal GaN film formed by heteroepitaxial growth on a single-crystal aluminium oxide (Al2O3), silicon carbide (SiC) or silicon (Si) substrate. It is not applicable to defects exposed on the surface if the absolute value of the acute angle between the surface normal and the c-axis of GaN is ≥ 8°.

This document specifies a method for the qualitative evaluation of the adhesion of ceramic coatings up to 20 μm thick by indentation with a Rockwell diamond indenter. The formation of cracks after indentation can also reveal cohesive failure. The indentations are made with a Rockwell hardness test instrument. The method described in this document can also be suitable for evaluating the adhesion of metallic coatings. The test is not suitable for elastic coatings on hard substrates.

This document specifies a method for the determination of interlaminar shear strength at ambient temperature by the compression of a double-notched test piece and a method for the determination of interlaminar shear strength and modulus at ambient temperature by the Iosipescu test. This document applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, having unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D) and multidirectional (xD, with x > 2) fibre architecture, where a major part of reinforcements is a stack of plies. This document is applicable to material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, reliability and design data generation. The simpler compression test method of a double-notched test piece is applicable only when the shear strength has to be measured.

This document specifies methods for the chemical analysis of metal impurities present in silicon dioxide powders used as a raw material for fine ceramics. It stipulates the methods for the determination of metal impurity elements in silicon dioxide powders that are decomposed by acid decomposition. The aluminium, cadmium, calcium, copper, iron, lead, lithium, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, sodium, titanium, zinc and zirconium contents in the test solution are determined by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).

This document specifies a substitution measurement method to measure internal quantum efficiency, external quantum efficiency and absorptance of ceramic phosphor powders, which are used in white light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and emit visible light when excited by UV or blue light. In this method, commercially available measurement equipment, such as a fluorescence spectrophotometer or a spectroradiometer equipped with a monochromatic light source as incident light, are used to measure fluorescence spectra for reference materials whose quantum efficiencies and absorptance have been determined using the methods in ISO 23946 and a phosphor material under test.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the self-cleaning performance of sheet-form materials that contain an indoor-light-active photocatalyst or have indoor-light-active photocatalytic films on the surface, under indoor lighting environment. This method is used to measure the change of water contact angle under indoor lighting environment, which is one of the indices reflecting the self-cleaning performance of semiconducting photocatalytic materials. This document is not applicable to permeable materials on which water droplets cannot hold and rough materials which obscure water droplets. This document is not applicable to materials of which the changes in the water contact angle due to decomposition of adhered organic matter cannot be evaluated because even if the surface is clean, the water contact angle is remarkably large or the water contact angle cannot be sufficiently increased by attaching organic matter to the surface.

This document specifies wet chemical and inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES)-based methods for the chemical analysis of calcium-phosphate-based powders for non-biomedical applications, such as those in the chemical industry, the treatment of air, water and soil contamination. It stipulates the methods used for the determination of major elements of calcium-phosphate-based powders and their impurities. Calcium-phosphate-based powders are decomposed by acid decomposition. The calcium content is determined using a titration method or an ICP–OES method. The phosphorus content is determined using a precipitation and gravimetric method or an ICP–OES method. Certain impurities, such as aluminium, barium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, nickel, potassium, selenium, silicon, sodium, strontium, titanium and zinc contents, are determined by an ICP–OES method. This document does not include calcium-phosphate-based powders for biomedical applications. The ISO 13779 series characterizes hydroxyapatite powders for biomedical applications using various methods, such as atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS), inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry (ICP–MS) and flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS).

This document specifies light emitting diodes (LED) for light source and radiometers used in the performance evaluation of semiconducting photocatalytic materials under indoor LED lighting environments in a laboratory. Light sources for indoor lighting environments do not include sunlight passing through window glass. This document does not replace ISO 14605.[1] Either document can apply depending on the lighting environment in which the photocatalytic material is used.

This document specifies the measurement methods for the electronic transport properties of bulk-type thermoelectric materials at room and elevated temperatures. The measurement methods cover the simultaneous determination of Seebeck coefficient and electrical conductivity of bulk-type thermoelectric materials in a temperature range from 300 K to 1 200 K. The measurement methods are applicable to bulk-type thermoelectric materials used for power generation, energy harvesting, cooling and heating, among other things.

Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for determining tensile and shear creep of ceramic adhesive

This document specifies a method for the qualitative and quantitative determination of the monoclinic phase present in yttria tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Y-TZP) powders with an yttria content ≤ 6 mol% using X-ray powder diffraction. This method is also applicable for determining the monoclinic phase content in monolithic Y-TZP ceramics with an yttria content of ≤ 6 mol%. NOTE For quantitative determination of the monoclinic phase present in zirconia with a higher content of yttria or another stabilizer (e.g. MgO, CaO), this document can be referenced.

This document specifies methods for the chemical analysis of impurities present in aluminium oxide powders used as a raw material for fine ceramics. Aluminium oxide powders are decomposed by acid pressure decomposition, acid decomposition or alkali fusion. The calcium, chromium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, silicon, sodium, titanium, zinc and zirconium contents in the test solution are determined by an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES).

This document specifies a method for measuring the thermal resistance between a heater chip and a cold plate with the heater chip mounted on a metalized ceramic substrate, imitating a silicon carbide (SiC) high-output power module. This measurement represents an index of the heat dissipation characteristics of a metallized ceramic substrate used in a high-output power module.

This document specifies the test method for the determination of thermal diffusivity from room temperature to at least 1 700 K by the flash method for homogeneous monolithic ceramics with porosity less than 10 %. Flash methods, like laser flash, are applicable to homogeneous isotropic materials with thermal diffusivity values ranging from 0,1 to 1 000 mm2 s-1 within the temperature range from approximately 100 K to 2 300 K. The method described in Annex G describes how to estimate, on the basis of the thermal diffusivity test, the specific heat capacity and the thermal conductivity of homogeneous monolithic ceramics with porosity less than 10 %.

This document describes procedures for determination of the compressive behaviour of ceramic matrix composite materials with continuous fibre reinforcement at room temperature. This method applies to all ceramic matrix composites with a continuous fibre reinforcement, uni-directional (1D), bi-directional (2D) and tri-directional (xD, with 2 x

This document specifies a method for the determination of the tensile strength, tensile modulus of elasticity and strain at the maximum force of a resin-impregnated yarn specimen at ambient temperature. This method is applicable to yarns of ceramic fibres that are used as reinforcements in composite materials. The test results obtained by this method are applicable for quality control and comparison of the ceramic fibres. The outputs of this method are not to be mixed up with the strength of filaments derived from tensile tests on dry tows specified in ISO 22459.

This document specifies terms and associated definitions which are typically used for fine ceramic (advanced ceramic, advanced technical ceramic) materials, products, applications, properties and processes. This document also contains those abbreviated terms which have found general acceptance in scientific and technical literature; they are given together with the corresponding full terms and definitions or descriptions. In this document, terms are defined using the term ‘fine ceramic’. The definitions apply equally to ‘advanced ceramics’ and ‘advanced technical ceramics’, which are considered to be equivalent. This document does not include terms which, though used in the field of fine ceramics, are of a more general nature and are also well known in other fields of technology. NOTE Terms and definitions of a more general nature are available in ASTM C 1145-2019, EN 14232 and JIS R 1600.

This document specifies a method for measuring power generation characteristics to evaluate and determine the output power, mechanical quality factor, electromechanical coupling factor and output efficiency of piezoelectric resonant devices used for self-sustaining power sources. This document defines vibration-based test methods and characteristic parameters in order to accurately and practically evaluate the performance of piezoelectric resonant devices.

This document specifies methods for the chemical analysis of zirconium oxide powders used as the raw material for fine ceramics. It stipulates the determination methods of the zirconium, aluminium, barium, calcium, cerium, cobalt, gadolinium, hafnium, iron, magnesium, potassium, silicon, sodium, strontium, titanium and yttrium contents in zirconium oxide powders for fine ceramics. The test sample is decomposed by acid pressure decomposition or alkali fusion. Contents of zirconium and yttrium are determined by using either a precipitation and gravimetric method or an inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry (ICP–OES) method. Contents of aluminium, barium, calcium, cerium, cobalt, gadolinium, hafnium, iron, magnesium, potassium, silicon, sodium, strontium and titanium are determined by using an ICP–OES method.

This document specifies a method for testing the wear resistance and friction coefficient for fine ceramic thin films in dry and high-humidity environments, where such films have a thickness of up to approximately 1 µm and are deposited on a substrate or a base, including a thin substrate or a very thin organic polymer film base.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the air-purification performance of materials that contain a photocatalyst or have photocatalytic films on the surface, usually made from semiconducting metal oxides, such as titanium dioxide or other ceramic materials, by continuous exposure of a test piece to the model air pollutant under irradiation with long-wave ultraviolet (UV) light. This document is intended for use with different kinds of materials, such as construction materials in flat sheet, board or plate shape, that are the basic forms of materials for various applications. This document also applies to structured filter materials including honeycomb-form, woven and non-woven fabrics, and to plastic or paper materials if they contain ceramic microcrystals and composites. This document does not apply to powder or granular photocatalytic materials. This test method is usually applicable to photocatalytic materials produced for air purification. This method is not suitable for the determination of other performance attributes of photocatalytic materials, i.e. decomposition of water contaminants, self-cleaning, antifogging and antibacterial actions. It concerns the removal of methyl mercaptan.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the air-purification performance of materials that contain a photocatalyst or have photocatalytic films on the surface, usually made from semiconducting metal oxides, such as titanium dioxide or other ceramic materials, by continuous exposure of a test piece to the model air pollutant under irradiation with long-wave ultraviolet (UV) light. This document is intended for use with different kinds of materials, such as construction materials in flat sheet, board or plate shape, that are the basic forms of materials for various applications. This document also applies to structured filter materials including honeycomb-form, woven and non-woven fabrics, and to plastic or paper materials if they contain ceramic microcrystals and composites. This document does not apply to powder or granular photocatalytic materials. This test method is usually applicable to photocatalytic materials produced for air purification. This method is not suitable for the determination of other performance attributes of photocatalytic materials, i.e. decomposition of water contaminants, self-cleaning, antifogging and antibacterial actions. It concerns the removal of formaldehyde.

This document specifies the test method for the determination of total electrical conductivity of conductive fine ceramics by the DC (direct current) four-terminal method. The test method applies to conductive fine ceramics which have an ionic transference number of 0,01 or less. The applicable conductivity range is from 1 S cm−1 to 1 000 S cm−1 and the temperature range is up to 1 000 °C. The values expressed in the test method are in accordance with the International System of Units (SI). This document is intended for industrial product quality control and material development of conductive fine ceramics used in electrodes, e.g. fuel cells, batteries and water electrolysis.

This document specifies the procedure for measuring the spectral reflectance of fine ceramic thin films in an environment with variable relative humidity by using a general-purpose spectrophotometer.

This document specifies a test method for determining the polytypes and their ratios in silicon carbide (SiC) wafers or bulk crystals using ultraviolet photoluminescence (UVPL) imaging. The range of SiC is limited to semiconductor SiC doped with nitrogen and boron to have a deep acceptor level and a shallow donor level, respectively. The SiC wafers or bulk crystals discussed in this document typically show electrical resistivities ranging from 10−3 ohm · cm to 10−2 ohm · cm, applicable to power electronic devices. This method is applicable to the SiC-crystal 4H, 6H and 15R polytypes that contain boron and nitrogen as acceptor and donor, respectively, at concentrations that produce donor-acceptor pairs (DAPs) to generate UVPL. In 4H-SiC the boron and nitrogen concentrations typically range from 1016 cm−3 to 1018 cm−3. Semi-insulating SiC is not of concern because it usually contains minimal boron and nitrogen; therefore deep level cannot be achieved.

This document specifies a method for the determination of in-plane shear strength of continuous fibre-reinforced ceramic composites at elevated temperature in air or inert atmosphere by the asymmetric four-point bending test on double-edge notched specimens. The shear strength in plane (1,2) can be evaluated, where direction 1 is that of the greater fraction of reinforcement and direction 2 is perpendicular to direction 1. Methods for test piece fabrication, testing modes and rates (load or displacement rate), data collection and reporting procedures are addressed. This document applies to all ceramic matrix composites with continuous fibre-reinforcement: unidirectional (1D), bidirectional (2D) and tridirectional (xD, with 2 x ≤ 3). This document is for material development, material comparison, quality assurance, characterization, reliability and design data generation.