ISO 21714:2018
(Main)Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Test method for determining density of ceramic coatings
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Test method for determining density of ceramic coatings
This document specifies a testing method for determining the density of thick ceramic coatings at ambient temperature using the Archimedes method. Methods for test piece preparation, test modes, data collection and density calculation are addressed. This document applies to ceramic coatings with a thickness > 0,1 mm including thermal barrier coatings, wear-resistance coatings and other thick coatings on metal or ceramic substrates.
Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques avancées) — Méthode d’essai pour déterminer la densité des revêtements céramiques
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 18-Jul-2018
- Technical Committee
- ISO/TC 206 - Fine ceramics
- Drafting Committee
- ISO/TC 206/WG 10 - Coatings
- Current Stage
- 9093 - International Standard confirmed
- Start Date
- 04-Oct-2024
- Completion Date
- 13-Dec-2025
Overview
ISO 21714:2018 specifies a standardized test method for determining the density of thick ceramic coatings using the Archimedes principle at ambient temperature. Applicable to fine ceramics, advanced ceramics, and technical ceramic coatings thicker than 0.1 mm, this standard covers critical types including thermal barrier coatings and wear-resistant coatings on both metal and ceramic substrates. The document provides detailed guidelines on test piece preparation, test procedures, data collection, and calculation formulas, ensuring precise and repeatable measurement of coating density.
This ISO standard plays a vital role in quality control and performance evaluation of ceramic coatings used in industrial applications, enabling manufacturers and researchers to maintain material consistency and optimize coating properties.
Key Topics
Scope and Applicability
Focus on thick ceramic coatings (>0.1 mm) including thermal barriers and wear-resistance layers on diverse substrates.Test Piece Types and Preparation
- Type A: Rectangular parallelepiped samples with single-face coating; involves grinding off the coating to measure substrate density.
- Type B: Test pieces with complex shapes where coating removal is impossible; substrate density measured before coating application.
Measurement Principles
Utilizes the Archimedes method to determine density by comparing coated and uncoated sample densities, accounting for mass ratios and substrate-coating interfaces.Apparatus and Equipment
- Density testing apparatus compliant with ISO 18754.
- Vernier caliper (precision 0.02 mm per ISO 3611) for dimension measurements.
- Optical/electronic microscopes for coating thickness assessment with magnification of 1000x or higher.
Calculation Methods
Density of ceramic coatings is calculated with a precise formula relating the dry mass of substrate and coated samples with their measured densities.Test Conditions and Reporting
Environmental factors such as temperature and relative humidity must be recorded. The test report includes detailed sample descriptions, measurement results, and testing conditions.
Applications
Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs)
Ensuring optimal density helps improve thermal insulation and longevity of engine and turbine components.Wear-Resistance Coatings
Accurate density measurement aids in predicting durability and mechanical resistance in abrasive environments.Advanced Ceramic Manufacturing
Quality control of ceramic coatings in electronics, aerospace, and automotive industries benefits from reliable density measurement.Research and Development
Material scientists and engineers use ISO 21714 to characterize novel ceramic materials and coating techniques.Failure Analysis and Process Optimization
Detecting density anomalies allows for early identification of defects such as porosity, helping refine coating processes.
Related Standards
ISO 18754 – Specifies the Archimedes method for density and apparent porosity determination in fine ceramics, serving as the basis for density measurement methodology in ISO 21714.
ISO 3611 – Defines dimensional measuring equipment for external measurements, ensuring accuracy in sample dimension recording.
Industry-Specific Coating Standards
Complementary standards pertaining to specific ceramic coatings’ performance criteria and testing protocols in aerospace, automotive, and electronics sectors.
Keywords: ISO 21714, ceramic coatings density measurement, fine ceramics testing, Archimedes method, thermal barrier coatings, wear-resistant coatings, ceramic substrate, coating thickness measurement, advanced ceramics standard, test method for density, ceramic coating quality control.
Frequently Asked Questions
ISO 21714:2018 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Test method for determining density of ceramic coatings". This standard covers: This document specifies a testing method for determining the density of thick ceramic coatings at ambient temperature using the Archimedes method. Methods for test piece preparation, test modes, data collection and density calculation are addressed. This document applies to ceramic coatings with a thickness > 0,1 mm including thermal barrier coatings, wear-resistance coatings and other thick coatings on metal or ceramic substrates.
This document specifies a testing method for determining the density of thick ceramic coatings at ambient temperature using the Archimedes method. Methods for test piece preparation, test modes, data collection and density calculation are addressed. This document applies to ceramic coatings with a thickness > 0,1 mm including thermal barrier coatings, wear-resistance coatings and other thick coatings on metal or ceramic substrates.
ISO 21714:2018 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 81.060.30 - Advanced ceramics. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
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Standards Content (Sample)
INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21714
First edition
2018-07
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) — Test
method for determining density of
ceramic coatings
Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques
avancées) — Méthode d’essai pour déterminer la densité des
revêtements céramiques
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
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below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
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Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Apparatus . 2
5.1 Density testing apparatus . 2
5.2 Dimension measuring device . 2
6 Test pieces . 2
6.1 Type of test piece . 2
6.2 Test piece preparation . 2
6.2.1 Type A test piece preparation . 2
6.2.2 Type B test piece preparation . 3
6.3 Test piece storage . 3
6.4 Number of test pieces . 3
6.5 Temperature and relative humidity . 3
7 Test procedure . 3
7.1 Type A test piece . 3
7.1.1 Determination of mass and density of coated test piece . 3
7.1.2 Determination of mass and density of substrate . 3
7.2 Type B test piece . 4
7.2.1 Determination of mass and density of substrate . 4
7.2.2 Making coating . 4
7.2.3 Determination of mass and density of the coated sample . 4
8 Calculation of results . 4
8.1 Calculation of the density of coating . 4
8.2 Mean values of coating, substrate and coated test piece density . 4
9 Analysis of precision and uncertainty . 4
10 Test report . 5
Bibliography . 6
Foreword
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
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iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21714:2018(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Test method for determining density of
ceramic coatings
1 Scope
This document specifies a testing method for determining the density of thick ceramic coatings at
ambient temperature using the Archimedes method. Methods for test piece preparation, test modes,
data collection and density calculation are addressed.
Th
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