Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Test method for determining density of ceramic coatings

This document specifies a testing method for determining the density of thick ceramic coatings at ambient temperature using the Archimedes method. Methods for test piece preparation, test modes, data collection and density calculation are addressed. This document applies to ceramic coatings with a thickness > 0,1 mm including thermal barrier coatings, wear-resistance coatings and other thick coatings on metal or ceramic substrates.

Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques avancées) — Méthode d’essai pour déterminer la densité des revêtements céramiques

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
18-Jul-2018
Technical Committee
ISO/TC 206 - Fine ceramics
Drafting Committee
ISO/TC 206/WG 10 - Coatings
Current Stage
9093 - International Standard confirmed
Start Date
04-Oct-2024
Completion Date
13-Dec-2025

Overview

ISO 21714:2018 specifies a standardized test method for determining the density of thick ceramic coatings using the Archimedes principle at ambient temperature. Applicable to fine ceramics, advanced ceramics, and technical ceramic coatings thicker than 0.1 mm, this standard covers critical types including thermal barrier coatings and wear-resistant coatings on both metal and ceramic substrates. The document provides detailed guidelines on test piece preparation, test procedures, data collection, and calculation formulas, ensuring precise and repeatable measurement of coating density.

This ISO standard plays a vital role in quality control and performance evaluation of ceramic coatings used in industrial applications, enabling manufacturers and researchers to maintain material consistency and optimize coating properties.

Key Topics

  • Scope and Applicability
    Focus on thick ceramic coatings (>0.1 mm) including thermal barriers and wear-resistance layers on diverse substrates.

  • Test Piece Types and Preparation

    • Type A: Rectangular parallelepiped samples with single-face coating; involves grinding off the coating to measure substrate density.
    • Type B: Test pieces with complex shapes where coating removal is impossible; substrate density measured before coating application.
  • Measurement Principles
    Utilizes the Archimedes method to determine density by comparing coated and uncoated sample densities, accounting for mass ratios and substrate-coating interfaces.

  • Apparatus and Equipment

    • Density testing apparatus compliant with ISO 18754.
    • Vernier caliper (precision 0.02 mm per ISO 3611) for dimension measurements.
    • Optical/electronic microscopes for coating thickness assessment with magnification of 1000x or higher.
  • Calculation Methods
    Density of ceramic coatings is calculated with a precise formula relating the dry mass of substrate and coated samples with their measured densities.

  • Test Conditions and Reporting
    Environmental factors such as temperature and relative humidity must be recorded. The test report includes detailed sample descriptions, measurement results, and testing conditions.

Applications

  • Thermal Barrier Coatings (TBCs)
    Ensuring optimal density helps improve thermal insulation and longevity of engine and turbine components.

  • Wear-Resistance Coatings
    Accurate density measurement aids in predicting durability and mechanical resistance in abrasive environments.

  • Advanced Ceramic Manufacturing
    Quality control of ceramic coatings in electronics, aerospace, and automotive industries benefits from reliable density measurement.

  • Research and Development
    Material scientists and engineers use ISO 21714 to characterize novel ceramic materials and coating techniques.

  • Failure Analysis and Process Optimization
    Detecting density anomalies allows for early identification of defects such as porosity, helping refine coating processes.

Related Standards

  • ISO 18754 – Specifies the Archimedes method for density and apparent porosity determination in fine ceramics, serving as the basis for density measurement methodology in ISO 21714.

  • ISO 3611 – Defines dimensional measuring equipment for external measurements, ensuring accuracy in sample dimension recording.

  • Industry-Specific Coating Standards
    Complementary standards pertaining to specific ceramic coatings’ performance criteria and testing protocols in aerospace, automotive, and electronics sectors.


Keywords: ISO 21714, ceramic coatings density measurement, fine ceramics testing, Archimedes method, thermal barrier coatings, wear-resistant coatings, ceramic substrate, coating thickness measurement, advanced ceramics standard, test method for density, ceramic coating quality control.

Standard

ISO 21714:2018 - Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) — Test method for determining density of ceramic coatings Released:7/19/2018

English language
6 pages
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Frequently Asked Questions

ISO 21714:2018 is a standard published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Its full title is "Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical ceramics) - Test method for determining density of ceramic coatings". This standard covers: This document specifies a testing method for determining the density of thick ceramic coatings at ambient temperature using the Archimedes method. Methods for test piece preparation, test modes, data collection and density calculation are addressed. This document applies to ceramic coatings with a thickness > 0,1 mm including thermal barrier coatings, wear-resistance coatings and other thick coatings on metal or ceramic substrates.

This document specifies a testing method for determining the density of thick ceramic coatings at ambient temperature using the Archimedes method. Methods for test piece preparation, test modes, data collection and density calculation are addressed. This document applies to ceramic coatings with a thickness > 0,1 mm including thermal barrier coatings, wear-resistance coatings and other thick coatings on metal or ceramic substrates.

ISO 21714:2018 is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 81.060.30 - Advanced ceramics. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

You can purchase ISO 21714:2018 directly from iTeh Standards. The document is available in PDF format and is delivered instantly after payment. Add the standard to your cart and complete the secure checkout process. iTeh Standards is an authorized distributor of ISO standards.

Standards Content (Sample)


INTERNATIONAL ISO
STANDARD 21714
First edition
2018-07
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics,
advanced technical ceramics) — Test
method for determining density of
ceramic coatings
Céramiques techniques (céramiques avancées, céramiques techniques
avancées) — Méthode d’essai pour déterminer la densité des
revêtements céramiques
Reference number
©
ISO 2018
© ISO 2018
All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may
be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting
on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address
below or ISO’s member body in the country of the requester.
ISO copyright office
CP 401 • Ch. de Blandonnet 8
CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva
Phone: +41 22 749 01 11
Fax: +41 22 749 09 47
Email: copyright@iso.org
Website: www.iso.org
Published in Switzerland
ii © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

Contents Page
Foreword .iv
1 Scope . 1
2 Normative references . 1
3 Terms and definitions . 1
4 Principle . 1
5 Apparatus . 2
5.1 Density testing apparatus . 2
5.2 Dimension measuring device . 2
6 Test pieces . 2
6.1 Type of test piece . 2
6.2 Test piece preparation . 2
6.2.1 Type A test piece preparation . 2
6.2.2 Type B test piece preparation . 3
6.3 Test piece storage . 3
6.4 Number of test pieces . 3
6.5 Temperature and relative humidity . 3
7 Test procedure . 3
7.1 Type A test piece . 3
7.1.1 Determination of mass and density of coated test piece . 3
7.1.2 Determination of mass and density of substrate . 3
7.2 Type B test piece . 4
7.2.1 Determination of mass and density of substrate . 4
7.2.2 Making coating . 4
7.2.3 Determination of mass and density of the coated sample . 4
8 Calculation of results . 4
8.1 Calculation of the density of coating . 4
8.2 Mean values of coating, substrate and coated test piece density . 4
9 Analysis of precision and uncertainty . 4
10 Test report . 5
Bibliography . 6
Foreword
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ISO collaborates closely with the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) on all matters of
electrotechnical standardization.
The procedures used to develop this document and those intended for its further maintenance are
described in the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 1. In particular, the different approval criteria needed for the
different types of ISO documents should be noted. This document was drafted in accordance with the
editorial rules of the ISO/IEC Directives, Part 2 (see www .iso .org/directives).
Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of
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This document was prepared by Technical Committee ISO/TC 206, Fine ceramics.
Any feedback or questions on this document should be directed to the user’s national standards body. A
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iv © ISO 2018 – All rights reserved

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ISO 21714:2018(E)
Fine ceramics (advanced ceramics, advanced technical
ceramics) — Test method for determining density of
ceramic coatings
1 Scope
This document specifies a testing method for determining the density of thick ceramic coatings at
ambient temperature using the Archimedes method. Methods for test piece preparation, test modes,
data collection and density calculation are addressed.
Th
...

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