37.020 - Optical equipment
ICS 37.020 Details
Optical equipment
Optische Gerate
Matériel optique
Optična oprema
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 37.020 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Optical equipment". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 369 standards classified under ICS 37.020 (Optical equipment). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
This document specifies the measurement method used for calculating the temperature coefficient of the refractive index by measuring the refractive index, which changes with the temperature of the optical glass using the minimum deviation method. The intended temperature range for the specified measurement method is –40 °C to +80 °C. The intended wavelength range for the specified measurement method is 365 nm to 1 014 nm. The intended accuracy for the specified measurement method is 1 × 10-6 K-1.
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This document specifies the minimum information to be provided to the user by the manufacturers of microscopes with digital displays regarding imaging performance. It further specifies terms and definitions for describing the optical performance of the digital imaging path of microscopy systems including the observation of the image on digital displays. This standard does not apply to confocal microscopes. NOTE Terms and definitions for the direct visual observation with eyepieces are specified in ISO 8039 and ISO 10934.
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This document gives requirements for general and high purpose binoculars, monoculars and spotting scopes.
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This document specifies the rules for indicating centring and tilt tolerances for optical elements, subassemblies, and assemblies in the ISO 10110 series, which standardizes drawing indications for optical elements and systems. This document applies to plano surfaces, rotationally invariant (spherical and aspherical) surfaces, circular and non-circular cylindrical (cylindrical and acylindrical) surfaces, and non-symmetrical surfaces (general surfaces). General surfaces are described using ISO 10110-19.
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This document specifies the principle, apparatus, condition, sample, procedure and data processing of measuring striae in infrared optical materials. It is applicable for the determination of striae in infrared optical materials, such as infrared optical glass, which is opaque to visible wavelengths and whose transmission optical spectra are beyond 0,78 µm.
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This document specifies terms and definitions to be used in the field of light microscopy and advanced techniques in light microscopy.
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This document specifies the default (implicit) tolerances for indication in the ISO 10110 series, which standardizes drawing indications for optical elements and systems.
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This document gives definitions of terms and requirements for endoscopes and endotherapy devices used in the practice of medicine.
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This document specifies methods by which the spectral characteristics such as wavelength, bandwidth, spectral distribution and wavelength stability of a laser beam can be measured. This document is applicable to both continuous wave (cw) and pulsed laser beams. The dependence of the spectral characteristics of a laser on its operating conditions may also be important.
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This document specifies a procedure for the determination of the averaged interface position between two different layered materials recorded in the cross-sectional image of the multi-layered material. This document does not apply for determining the simulated interface of the multi-layered materials expected through the multi-slice simulation (MSS) method. This document is applicable to the cross-sectional images of multi-layered materials recorded using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) or a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) and cross-sectional elemental mapping images using an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) or an electron energy loss spectrometer (EELS). This document is also applicable to digitized images recorded on an image sensor built into a digital camera, a digital memory set in the PC or an imaging plate, where the digitalized image is obtained by converting an analogue image recorded on photographic film using an image scanner.
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This document defines chalcogenide glass correctly from a chemical perspective and specifies basic characterization and reporting of optical properties of chalcogenide glass used in the infrared spectral range from 0,78 um to 25 um
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This document specifies the use of the marking on objectives for polarization microscopes and defines measurands and measurement procedures of polarization characteristics of the objectives for qualitative polarization imaging. These measurements are defined on the image plane of the objective lens. This marking is consistent with ISO 8578. NOTE This document does not apply to objectives exclusively used on stereomicroscopes.
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This document specifies the measurement method used for calculating the temperature coefficient of the refractive index by measuring the refractive index, which changes with the temperature of the optical glass using the minimum deviation method. The intended temperature range for the specified measurement method is –40 °C to +80 °C. The intended wavelength range for the specified measurement method is 365 nm to 1 014 nm. The intended accuracy for the specified measurement method is 1 × 10-6 K-1.
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This document specifies a test method for the temperature coefficient of refractive index of optical glass using interferometry. Temperature changes in optical glass lead to changes in the optical path length. The change in optical path length can be measured with an interferometer using the number of cycles of light/dark change of the interference stripe. This document defines a test method to measure the amount of change in the refractive index when the temperature of the specimen is changed continuously. The intended temperature range for the specified measurement method is an arbitrary range. The intended wavelength range for the specified measurement method is 365 nm to 1 014 nm. The intended accuracy for the specified measurement method is within 1 × 10-6 K-1.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The traditional resolution test of the SEM requires, as a first step, a photomicrograph of a fine particulate sample taken at a high magnification. The operator is required to measure a distance on the photomicrograph between two adjacent, but separate edges. These edges are usually less than one millimetre apart. Their image quality is often less than optimum limited by the S/N ratio of a beam with such a small diameter and low current. Operator judgment is dependent on the individual acuity of the person making the measurement and can vary significantly.
4.2 Use of this practice results in SEM electron beam size characterization which is significantly more reproducible than the traditional resolution test using a fine particulate sample.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice provides a reproducible means by which one aspect of the performance of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) may be characterized. The resolution of an SEM depends on many factors, some of which are electron beam voltage and current, lens aberrations, contrast in the specimen, and operator-instrument-material interaction. However, the resolution for any set of conditions is limited by the size of the electron beam. This size can be quantified through the measurement of an effective apparent edge sharpness for a number of materials, two of which are suggested. This practice requires an SEM with the capability to perform line-scan traces, for example, Y-deflection waveform generation, for the suggested materials. The range of SEM magnification at which this practice is of utility is from 1000 × to 50 000 × . Higher magnifications may be attempted, but difficulty in making precise measurements can be expected.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document defines terms relevant to optical coatings. These terms are grouped in four classes: Terms and definitions, definition of coatings by function, definitions of common coating imperfections and other definitions. This document identifies surface treatments of components and substrates excluding ophthalmic optics (spectacles) by the application of optical coatings and gives a standard form for their specification. It defines the general characteristics and the test and measurement methods whenever necessary, but is not intended to define the process method.
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This document indicates how to specify optical properties of coatings and to represent their spectral characterization graphically in the ISO 9211 series, which defines the specifications for optical coatings excluding ophthalmic optics (spectacles). It defines the general characteristics and the test and measurement methods whenever necessary, but is not intended to define the process method.
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ISO 9211 (series) describes surface treatments of components and substrates excluding ophthalmic optics (spectacles) by the application of optical coatings and gives a standard form for their specification. It defines the general characteristics and the test and measurement methods whenever necessary, but it is not intended to define the process method. This document specifies general use and standard categories of use for optical coatings and identifies which environmental tests are necessary to prove that the coatings meet the required specification. The mechanical and chemical properties of coated optical elements, and more generally their environmental durability, can be assessed by a variety of methods. The test methods are generally described in various parts of ISO 9022 and in ISO 9211-4. These test methods are selected to give meaningful results representative of actual exposure of optical elements in their operating environment, alternatively to the minimum requirements as described in ISO 9211-5 to ISO 9211-8, which are coating type related.
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This document contains tables for environmental tests and test parameters which can be used as a guideline for the selection of environmental tests. These include the selection of standardized tests according to ISO 9022 as well as additional parameters not described in ISO 9022 and necessary for the optical or photonic instruments. Ultimately, these tables specify the requirements to be met with regard to the reliability of the optical, mechanical, chemical, and electrical properties or performance characteristics of the instruments when exposed to environmental influences. Environmental test methods, as specified in ISO 9022 (all parts), can be assigned to the various areas of application for the purpose of ascertaining the suitability of the instruments in the respective area of application.
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This document specifies a calibration procedure applicable to images recorded over a wide magnification range in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The reference materials used for calibration possess a periodic structure, such as a diffraction grating replica, a super-lattice structure of semiconductor or an analysing crystal for X-ray analysis, and a crystal lattice image of carbon, gold or silicon. This document is applicable to the magnification of the TEM image recorded on a photographic film, or an imaging plate, or detected by an image sensor built into a digital camera. This document also refers to the calibration of a scale bar. This document does not apply to the dedicated critical dimension measurement TEM (CD-TEM) and the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM).
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Remote Viewing Components:
4.2 The long-term applicability of a remotely operated radiological facility will be greatly affected by the provisions for remote viewing of normal and off-normal operations within the facility. The deployment of remote viewing systems can most efficiently be addressed during the design and construction phases.
4.2.1 The purpose of this guide is to provide general guidelines for the design and operation of remote viewing equipment to ensure longevity and reliability throughout the period of service.
4.2.2 It is intended that this guide record the general conditions and practices that experience has shown are necessary to minimize equipment failures and maximize the effectiveness and utility of remote viewing equipment. It is also intended to inform designers and engineers of those features that are highly desirable for the selection of equipment that has proven reliable in high radiation environments.
4.2.3 This guide is intended as a supplement to other standards, and to federal and state regulations, codes, and criteria applicable to the design of equipment intended for hot cell use.
4.2.4 This guide is intended to be generic and applies to a wide range of types and configurations of hot cell equipment and remote viewing systems.
SCOPE
1.1 Intent:
1.1.1 This guide establishes the minimum requirements for viewing systems for remotely operated facilities, including hot cells (shielded cells), used for the processing and handling of nuclear and radioactive materials. The intent of this guide is to aid in the design, selection, installation, modification, fabrication, and quality assurance of remote viewing systems to maximize their usefulness and to minimize equipment failures.
1.1.2 It is intended that this guide record the principles and caveats that experience has shown to be essential to the design, fabrication, installation, maintenance, repair, replacement, and, decontamination and decommissioning of remote viewing equipment capable of meeting the stringent demands of operating, dependably and safely, in a hot cell environment where operator visibility is limited due to the radiation exposure hazards.
1.1.3 This guide is intended to apply to methods of remote viewing for nuclear applications but may be applicable to any environment where remote operational viewing is desirable.
1.2 Applicability:
1.2.1 This guide applies to, but is not limited to, radiation hardened and non-radiation hardened cameras (black-and-white and color), lenses, camera housings and positioners, periscopes, through wall/roof viewing, remotely deployable cameras, crane/robot mounted cameras, endoscope cameras, borescopes, video probes, flexible probes, mirrors, lighting, fiber lighting, and support equipment.
1.2.2 This guide is intended to be applicable to equipment used under one or more of the following conditions:
1.2.2.1 The remote operation facility that contains a significant radiation hazard to man or the environment.
1.2.2.2 The facility equipment can neither be accessed directly for purposes of operation or maintenance, nor can the equipment be viewed directly, for example, without shielding viewing windows, periscopes, or a video monitoring system.
1.2.2.3 The facility can be viewed directly but portions of the views are restricted (for example, the back or underside of objects) or where higher magnification or specialized viewing is beneficial.
1.2.3 The remote viewing equipment may be intended for either long-term application (commonly, in excess of several years) or for short-term usage (for example, troubleshooting). Both types of applications are addressed in sections that follow.
1.2.4 This guide is not intended to cover the detailed design and application of remote handling connectors for services (for example, electrical, instrumentation, video, etc.).
1.2.5 The system of units employed in this guide is the metric ...
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This document provides general methods of describing surfaces adding a diffractive optical function on optical surfaces, such as planes, spheres, aspheres or general optical surfaces, in the ISO 10110 series, which standardizes drawing indications for optical elements and systems. The subject of this document is the presentation, description and dimensioning of diffractive surfaces in technical drawings. This document does not apply to diffractive surfaces with random surface texture, for example stochastic antireflective structures. Also not addressed by this document are all types of 3-dimensionally extended diffractive structures: Bragg gratings, volume holograms (HOE) and acousto-optic modulators. This document does not address the methods to test and qualify the specifications. This document does not address tools and methods for manufacturing diffractive surfaces.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Microscopical examination is generally a non-destructive, rapid, and reproducible means of determining the microscopic characteristics, optical properties, and generic polymer type of textile fibers.
4.2 Side-by-side microscopical comparisons provide a highly discriminating and efficient method of determining if two or more fibers can be differentiated.
4.3 This guideline requires specific pieces of instrumentation outlined herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers guidelines for microscopical examinations employed in forensic fiber classification, identification, and comparison. The microscopical examination of fibers includes the use of a variety of light microscopes, such as stereomicroscopes, compound microscopes, and comparison microscopes, as well as a variety of illumination types, such as bright field, polarized light, fluorescence, and interference. In certain instances, the scanning electron microscope can yield additional information. The particular test(s) or techniques employed by each examiner or laboratory will depend upon available equipment, examiner training, and the nature and extent of the fiber evidence.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard is intended for use by competent forensic science practitioners with the requisite formal education, discipline-specific training (see Practice E2917), and demonstrated proficiency to perform forensic casework.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies the methods relating to the environmental tests of optical instruments including additional assemblies from other fields (e.g. mechanical, chemical, and electronic devices), under equivalent conditions, for their ability to resist the influence of low pressure combined with cold, including the potential condensation and freezing of moisture, ambient temperature, and dry or damp heat. This document is applicable to optical instruments including additional assemblies from other fields, designed for operation and/or transport in high mountainous areas or on board aircraft or missiles. The purpose of the testing is to investigate to what extent optical, climatic, mechanical, chemical, and electrical (including electrostatic) performance characteristics of the specimen are affected by combined low pressure and low, ambient, or high temperature. Furthermore, the additional effects of moisture condensing and freezing on the instrument or components can be determined. Examples are instruments which are installed or externally mounted on aircraft or missiles or transported inside aircraft or flying objects not providing any pressure equalization. Annex A explains the intent of the different types of tests.
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This document specifies the measuring method for the homogeneity of the refractive index of optical glasses by laser interferometry to cope with the grades from ISO 10110-18 and ISO 12123.
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This document provides guidelines for the description of data sheets for infrared materials. It specifies the nomenclature and the properties of infrared materials which are reported on such data sheets. These data sheets do not necessarily contain information on every property identified in this document. This document also specifies the parameters needed to characterize optical materials intended for use in the infrared spectral range from 0,78 µm to 25 µm and provides various methods to be used for measuring these parameters. This document is applicable only to materials used in the manufacture of passive optical components. The properties of materials used in active applications (e.g. optoelectronics) are not taken into account. Materials specified in this document can also transmit in other spectral domains (microwaves, visible or ultraviolet).
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This document provides guidance for the use of machine vision to objectively assess grades of surface imperfections as defined on a drawing using ISO 10110-7 with equivalent results as those obtained by applying the inspector-based methods described in ISO 14997-1. This document also gives guidelines on how to setup a machine vision device regarding fidelity, repeatability and reproducibility, based on the dark field detection principles of ISO 14997-1.
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This document specifies the methods relating to the environmental tests of optical instruments including additional assemblies from other fields (e.g. mechanical, chemical, and electronic devices), under equivalent conditions, for their ability to resist the influence of mechanical stress. The purpose of the testing is to investigate to what extent the optical, climatic, mechanical, chemical, and electrical (including electrostatic) performance characteristics of the specimen are affected by mechanical stress.
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ISO 9211 describes surface treatments of components and substrates, excluding ophthalmic optics (spectacles), by the application of optical coatings and gives a standard form for their specification. It defines the general characteristics and the test and measurement methods wherever necessary, but it is not intended to define the process method. This document describes specific test methods of abrasion, adhesion and resistance to water for coating environmental durability tests that are identified in ISO 9211‑3 but not described in other normative references. They are typically performed in sequence with other environmental durability tests, an example is shown in ISO 9211‑3:2008, Annex A.
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This document specifies a method to determine the refractive index of optical glass with the accuracy within 3 × 10-5 at the wavelength range from 365 nm to 2 400 nm by using the V-block refractometer method. While this document can be used for non-glass materials, the user is informed that only optical glass has been considered in the development of this document, and other materials can have issues, which have not been taken into consideration.
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This document specifies procedures for the measurement of illumination brightness, temporal stability and uniformity for incident light fluorescence microscopy. The measurement for uniformity is defined in image planes or intermediate image planes only, when these planes are suitable for detection by electronic imaging devices. This document defines how illumination brightness, temporal stability and uniformity are measured, and how this information is provided to the user. NOTE The scope is intentionally limited to electronic imaging devices and (intermediate) image planes. The visual observation by means of eyepieces would require a different measurement procedure and hence result in ambiguities in the description of measurement procedures. Nevertheless, this document will give useful estimates for the uniformity with visual observation as in this case an eyepiece is used to observe an intermediate image plane (which is under the scope of this document).
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ABSTRACT
This specification describes the required properties and corresponding test methods for glass covers and slides for use in routine microscopy. The covers and slides comply to specified requirements as to dimension, planeness and parallelism, corrosion resistance, and workmanship. They shall also be tested for their conformance to other properties such as index of refraction, clarity, resistance to boiling, solubility, and wettability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes glass covers and slides for use in routine microscopy.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document provides a standard method for measuring the relative refractive index to the air of infrared materials used in the infrared spectral range from 0,78 µm to 25 µm. This document excludes methods for measuring the refractive index of birefringent materials and methods for measuring the complex refractive index.
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This document specifies minimum requirements on the optical effects and the mechanical, chemical and environmental properties of neutral beam splitter coatings. This document applies to neutral beam splitter coatings for optical applications. Thereby the user is able to rely on defined numerical data while the manufacturer of thin films has the choice for the materials and production method.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Most commercial reflectometers and spectrophotometers with reflectance capability measure relative reflectance. The instrument reading is the ratio of the measured radiation reflected from the reference specimen to the measured radiation reflected by the test specimen. That ratio is dependent on specific instrument parameters.
5.2 National standardizing laboratories and some research laboratories measure reflectance on instruments calibrated from basic principles, thereby establishing a scale of absolute reflectance as described in CIE Publication No. 44 (5). These measurements are sufficiently difficult and of prohibitive cost that they are usually left to laboratories that specialize in them.
5.3 A standard that has been measured on an absolute scale could be used to transfer that scale to a reflectometer. While such procedures exist, the constraints placed on the mechanical properties restrict the suitability of some of the optical properties, especially those properties related to the geometric distribution of reflected radiation. Thus, reflectance factor standards that are sufficiently rugged or cleanable to use as permanent transfer standards, with the exception of the sintered PTFE standards, depart considerably from the perfect diffuser in the geometric distribution of reflected radiation.
5.4 The geometric distribution of reflected radiance from such standards is sufficiently diffuse that such a standard can provide a dependable calibration of a directional-hemispherical or certain directional-directional reflectometers. Although pressed powder standards are subject to contamination and breakage, the reflectance factor of pressed powder can be sufficiently reproducible from specimen to specimen from a given lot of powder to allow the assignment of absolute reflectance factor values to all of the powder in a lot.
5.5 Sintered PTFE materials exhibit sufficient reproducibility from within the same specimen after resurfacing or cleaning the spec...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the preparation and use of acceptable transfer standards for NIR spectrophotometers. Procedures for calibrating the reflectance factor of materials on an absolute basis are contained in CIE Publication No. 44 (9). Both the pressed powder samples and the sintered PTFE materials are used as transfer standards for such calibrations because they have very stable reflectance factors that are nearly constant with wavelength and because the distribution of flux resembles closely that from the perfect reflecting diffuser.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This terminology was drafted to exclude any commercial relevance to any one vendor by using only general terms that are acknowledged by all vendors and should be revised as charge-coupled device (CCD) technology matures. This terminology uses standard explanations, symbols, and abbreviations.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology brings together and clarifies the basic terms and definitions used with scientific grade cooled charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors, thus allowing end users and vendors to use common documented terminology when evaluating or discussing these instruments. CCD detectors are sensitive to light in the region from 200 nm to 1100 nm and the terminology outlined in the document is based on the detection technology developed around CCDs for this range of the spectrum.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ISO TS 22292:2021 This document provides guidance for sample preparation, data acquisition by transmission electron microscopy, data processing, and three-dimensional image reconstruction to measure size and shape parameters of nano-objects on rod-shaped supports. The method is applicable to samples dispersed on or within an electron-transparent rod-shaped support.
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This document specifies the test methods for the determination of the transmittance of telescopic systems and telescopic observational instruments.
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This document applies to capsule endoscopes used for clinical practice. The document defines relevant terms and gives requirements for them.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Significance—This test method provides a means to measure the compatibility of a given transparency through which NVGs are used at night to view outside, nighttime ambient illuminated natural scenes.
5.2 Use—This test method may be used on any transparent part, including sample coupons. It is primarily intended for use on large, curved, or thick parts that may already be installed (for example, windscreens on aircraft).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers apparatuses and procedures that are suitable for measuring the NVG-weighted transmissivity of transparent parts including those that are large, thick, curved, or already installed. This test method is sensitive to transparencies that vary in transmissivity as a function of wavelength.
1.2 Since the transmissivity (or transmission coefficient) is a ratio of two radiance values, it has no units. The units of radiance recorded in the intermediate steps of this test method are not critical; any recognized units of radiance (for example, watts/m2-str) may be used, as long as it is consistent.2
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies filter functions of uncoated bulk absorption filters for optical applications excluding ophthalmic optics (spectacles) and gives a standard form for their specification. Additionally, basic definitions and a description of the specification concerning optical bulk absorption filters are given. This document specifies the optical properties of the filters and the test and measurement methods whenever necessary. This document does not specify any material properties (internal quality, homogeneity, etc.) and it does not apply to any production method. This document applies to both the raw material (filter glass, filter plastics, etc.) and the polished component. NOTE 1 Colorimetric parameters for the description of the filter function are specified in e.g. ISO 11664‑1 and ISO 11664‑2. NOTE 2 For filters where the spectral transmission characteristics are achieved by the application of optical coatings, see ISO 9211 series. NOTE 3 In the case of high power applications, further optical effects may occur.
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This document specifies test equipment and test procedures for determination of the following optical characteristics of telescopic sights: - axial parallax; - parallax; - eye relief range, eye relief, critical eye relief; - reticle tracking; - line of sight shift due to zooming; - line of sight shift due to focusing.
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This document describes methods to qualify the scanning electron microscope with the digital imaging system for quantitative and qualitative SEM measurements by evaluating essential scanning electron microscope performance parameters to maintain the performance after installation of the instruments. The items and evaluating methods of the performance parameters are selected by users for their own purposes.
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This document applies to telescopic sights used on hand-held firearms and airguns and gives terms and definitions for telescopic sights only. The alphabetical indexes of terms that are common for all published parts of ISO 14132 are published in ISO 14132-1. The definitions can be changed, if required, by introducing derivative attributes into them, revealing the meanings of the terms used, showing the objects covered by the scope of the notion being defined. These changes will not affect the scope and contents of this document.
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This document applies to high-performance telescopic sights, used on hand-held firearms and airguns. It contains a classification of the usage of telescopic sights and specifies interfaces, minimum requirements and tolerances to their performances. General-purpose telescopic sights are specified in ISO 14135-1.
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This document applies to general-purpose telescopic sights, used on hand-held firearms and airguns. It contains a classification to the usage of telescopic sights and specifies interfaces, minimum requirements and tolerances to their performances. High-performance telescopic sights are specified in ISO 14135-2.
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This document specifies the test method for the measurement of the axial colour performance which includes axial chromatic aberration and spherical aberration of telescopic systems and observational telescopic instruments.
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This document applies to rigid endoscopes designed for use in the practice of medicine. Endoscopes having a fibre-optic or opto-electronic imaging system are excluded. It specifies a test method for determining the optical resolution of endoscopes. This document provides a measurement method for characterizing three aspects of the optical resolution of a rigid endoscope. Characteristic A is used to provide a simple measurement of the limiting resolution of the endoscope image. Characteristic B provides a measurement of low spatial frequency resolution and characterizes the sharpness, or contrast, of the endoscope image. Characteristic C provides a measurement of the spatial frequency response of the endoscope image.
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