E41 - Laboratory Apparatus

ABSTRACT
This specification provides standard dimensional requirements for glass separatory funnels for general laboratory use. Separatory funnels shall be in the following types: Type 1A; Type 1B; Type 1C; Type 2; Type 3; and Type 4. Separatory funnels shall be made of borosilicate glass conforming to the requirement specified. The design of each separatory funnels shall comply with the dimensions given in each requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides standard dimensional requirements for glass separatory funnels for general laboratory use.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers two types of metal ignition crucibles, nickel or platinum, complete with covers, for laboratory use. Two types of crucibles shall be classified according to their capacities: Type I is nickel with capacities of 100 mL and 250 mL and Type II is platinum with capacity of 20 mL. Type I are crucibles and covers which shall be made from 99.4% nickel, spun and hardened and Type II are crucibles and covers which shall be made from 99.9% platinum plus iridium, with the iridium content of not more than 0.4%. The crucibles shall have a standard shape with a flat base to give a firm and stable resting surface. The side wall shall form a sloping and convex surface extending up to the brim. Crucibles shall be of one-piece construction. Covers shall be flat, sunken in the center, and shall have an extension to serve as a handle. The sunken area in the center shall fit inside the crucible.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two types of metal ignition crucibles, nickel or platinum, complete with covers, for laboratory use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers two dimensionally different (short and long) disposable glass micropipets used primarily to collect whole human blood specimens for clinical analysis and testing. Short and long pipets are available as coated with heparin (Type I) or uncoated (Type II).The pipets shall be fabricated from borosilicate glass, Type I, Class B, or soda lime glass, Type II. Heparin shall be the ammonium salt isolated from the lungs or intestinal mucosa of beef or pork origin and shall meet the specified heparin potency. The physical requirements including design, dimensions, workmanship, color coding, capillarity, fluidity, lot or control number, resistance to centrifugal force, and heparin coating are specified. The following tests shall be performed: capillarity test, fluidity test, sheep plasma test, human whole blood test, resistance to centrifugal force test, and heparin content test. The physical requirements for short Caraway pipet and long Natelson pipet are illustrated as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two dimensionally different disposable glass micropipets used primarily to collect whole human blood specimens for clinical analysis and testing. They are available as coated with heparin or uncoated.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers microvolumetric glass vessels (volumetric flasks and centrifuge tubes) widely used in microchemistry. The volumetric flasks shall conform to the design and dimensional requirements specified for the two styles illustrated herein. The centrifuge tubes shall be either of the four types, as follows: plain with a conical bottom; stoppered with a conical bottom; stoppered and graduated with a conical bottom; and plain with a cylindrical bottom. The centrifuge tubes shall also conform to the design and dimensional requirements specified for the four types illustrated herein.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers volumetric flasks and four types of centrifuge tubes, widely used in microchemistry.  
Note 1: Specifications for several items listed below were developed by the Committee on Microchemical Apparatus, Division of Analytical Chemistry, American Chemical Society.2  
1.2 Product with a stated capacity not listed in this standard may be specified Class A tolerance when product conforms to the tolerance range of the next smaller volumetric standard product listed in Table 1.    
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reusable glass serological pipets used for measuring volumes of liquid. The pipets may be classified into three styles according to operational set-up and should be made with approved glass materials. Each pipet should be straight, of one-piece construction, and properly calibrated. All products should conform to the required dimension of delivery tips, zero gradation line position, dimensions and outflow times, graduation markings, color coding, identification markings, and workmanship.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers glass serological pipets, used in measuring volumes of liquids.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers general requirements for laboratory glass volumetric apparatus of Class A and B. The volumetric apparatus shall be manufactured from glass of suitable chemical and thermal properties, and shall be as free as possible from visible defects. Glasswares with a flat base shall stand firmly without rocking when placed on a level surface. For those requiring stoppers and stopcocks, glass stoppers shall be interchangeable while plastic stoppers used as alternative to glass ones shall be of inert plastic material. Stopcocks, on the other hand, shall permit smooth and precise control of outflow. Glasswares shall have clean, permanent graduation lines of uniform thickness confined to the cylindrical portions of their cross section, with the graduations lines being of Pattern I, II, or III and the unit of volume being cubic centimetre. Units of cubic decimeter or cubic millimetre may be used in special cases; however, only one unit of volume shall be used on the same piece of apparatus. Aside from graduation lines, the glassware shall bear inscriptions of the capacity, the temperature at which it is to be used, the method of use (whether to contain or to deliver), and for those that deliver though an outflow nozzle, the time required to empty the total nominal capacity with unrestricted outflow. Per service requirement, additional provisions may be specified as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers general requirements common to glass volumetric apparatus. Specific dimensions and tolerances for applicable instruments are given in other specifications as cited throughout this specification. Glass must conform to Specifications E438 and be calibrated in accordance with Practice E542.  
1.1.1 Class A—Each instrument shall be marked with the letter A to signify compliance with applicable construction and accuracy requirements. Instruments may be marked with an identification marker (serial number) at the option of the manufacturer.  
1.1.2 Class B—General purpose instruments are of the same basic design as Class A. However, volumetric tolerances for Class B instruments shall be within twice the specified range allowed for Class A unless otherwise specified.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the glasses commonly used to manufacture laboratory glass apparatus. Three types of glasses are included: Type I, Class A which is a low-expansion borosilicate glass, Type I, Class B which is an alumino-borosilicate glass, and Type II which is a soda-lime glass. Different tests shall be conducted in order to determine the following properties of glasses: linear coefficient of expansion, annealing point, softening point, density, and chemical durability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the glasses commonly used to manufacture laboratory glass apparatus.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design and dimensional requirements for four types (Types I, II, III, and IV) of disposable bacteriological (Pasteur-type) nonvolumetric glass pipets suitable for replicate dispensing of drops of solutions and suspensions for laboratory purposes. The pipets shall be made of good quality, clear glass of either Type I, Class A or B (borosilicate), or Type II (soda lime). They shall be of a one-piece glass construction and each type shall correspondingly meet the requirements for overall length, body length, body outside diameter, body wall thickness, top-to-constriction distance, and tip inside diameter.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements for four types of glass disposable bacteriological (Pasteur type) nonvolumetric pipets suitable for replicate dispensing of drops of solutions and suspensions for laboratory purposes.  
FIG. 1 General Form of Glass Disposable Pasteur Pipets  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design and dimensional requirements for the assembly that comprise the laboratory apparatus used for determining water in petroleum products and bituminous materials by means of distillation. The assembly shall be composed of the following equipment: glass flask; metal still; gas burner or electric heater; Liebig- or West-type condenser; and traps.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers apparatus used in Test Method D95 and other similar ASTM test methods.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers platinum evaporating dishes suitable for water analysis and laboratory use. Platinum evaporating dishes shall be of the following types and capacities: Type I; Type II; and Type III.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers platinum evaporating dishes suitable for water analysis and laboratory use.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers laboratory weights and precision mass standards including their principal physical characteristics and metrological requirements. Maximum permissible error, magnetic property, density, and surface roughness for each weight shall be within the limits indicated in this specification. Physical characteristics shall be based on construction, design, surface area, materials, magnetism, density, surface finish, weight adjustment, and marking.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers weights and mass standards used in laboratories, specifically classes 000, 00, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7. This specification replaces National Bureau of Standards Circular 547, Section 1, which is out of print.  
1.2 This specification and calibration method is intended for use by weight manufacturers, national metrology institutes, weight calibration laboratories, accreditation bodies, users of weights, and regulatory bodies.  
1.3 This specification contains the principal physical characteristics and metrological requirements for weights that are used.  
1.3.1 For the verification of weighing instruments;  
1.3.2 For the calibration of weights of a lower class of accuracy; and  
1.3.3 With weighing instruments.  
1.4 Maximum Permissible Errors (formerly tolerances) and design restrictions for each class are described in order that both individual weights or sets of weights can be chosen for appropriate applications.  
1.5 Weight manufacturers must be able to provide evidence that all new weights comply with specifications in this standard (for example, material, density, magnetism, surface finish, mass values, uncertainties) to make any claim of compliance to Specification E617, Maximum Permissible Errors, weight classes, or metrological traceability.  
1.5.1 During subsequent calibrations, calibration laboratories must meet the requirements of ISO/IEC 17025:2017.  
1.5.2 Subsequent calibrations must meet all the requirements, including Sections 7, 8, and 9, Table 8 and Table 11 (environmental parameters) to make any claim of compliance to Specification E617, Maximum Permissible Errors, weight classes, or metrological traceability.
Note 1: Requirements set forth in NIST IR 6969 and NIST IR 5672 are compliant with all the requirements of Specification E617, Sections 7, 8, and 9.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers piston or plunger operated volumetric apparatus (POVA), in particular, the requirements, operating conditions, and test methods. POVA covered by this specification are pipettes, dispensers (with and without valve), dilutors, and displacement burets (with and without valve). Single measurement, replicate delivery, durability, functional (such as tests for leakage, broken parts, existence of air bubbles, and contamination), volumetric, and gravimetric tests shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers requirements, operating conditions, and test procedures for piston or plunger operated volumetric apparatus (POVA), as well as requirements for pipette operator training and qualification.  
1.2 This specification is applicable to all types of POVA. The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test procedure portion, Annex A1 and Annex A2, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design and dimensional requirements for the apparatus used in the microdetermination of methoxyl and ethoxyl groups in organic compounds. This apparatus is composed of a reaction flask, condenser with scrubber, delivery tube, and two types of receivers—one for volumetric analysis, and the other for gravimetric analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers apparatus for the microdetermination of methoxyl and ethoxyl groups in organic compounds.  
Note 1: This specification was originally developed by the Committee on Microchemical Apparatus, Division of Analytical Chemistry, American Chemical Society.2  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides the standard appearance, capacity, design, and dimensional requirements for eight types of multiple neck distilling/boiling glass flasks for laboratory use. Flasks, which shall be made of borosilicate glass conforming to specified maximum residual thermal stresses, are available in the following types: Type I, standard taper necks of equal height; Type II, three tooled necks of unequal height; Type III, three standard taper necks of unequal height; Type IV, three standard taper necks of equal height; Type V, three tooled necks that are angled; Type VI, three standard taper necks that are angled; Type VII, two standard taper necks of unequal height; and Type VIII, two standard taper necks that are angled.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides standard dimensional requirements for multiple neck distilling/boiling flasks.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers standard dimensional requirements for glass distillation flasks. It includes general purpose flasks and flasks designed for specific tests especially in the petroleum testing area. Distillation flasks shall be of the following types: Type I and Type II. Type II distilling flasks shall be of the following classes: Class 1; Class 2; Class 3; Class 4; and Class 5.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers standard dimensional requirements for glass distillation flasks. It includes general purpose flasks and flasks designed for specific tests especially in the petroleum testing area.  
Note 1: For packaging standards, choose among Specifications E920, E1157, and E1133.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers clamps and clamp holders for use in securing laboratory apparatus to support stands. The clamp and clamp holders are classified into types, sizes and classes and are presented in details. Clamps and clamp holders shall be manufactured from aluminum-base alloy, zinc-base alloy, or cast iron. Fittings such as screws, nuts, and rivets for clamps and clamp holders shall be forged aluminum or chemical-resistant alloy for either aluminum-base alloy or zinc-base alloy clamps and clamp holders. Component springs of clamps shall be phosphor bronze or corrosion-resistant steel. Component sleeves of clamps may be rubber, plastic, fiber glass, non-hazardous minerals, or replaceable plastic.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers clamps and clamp holders for use in securing laboratory apparatus to support stands.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides standard dimensional requirements for glass filtering flasks suitable for general laboratory use. Glass filter flasks shall be in the following types: Type I, Type II (Class 1 and Class 2), and Type III (Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3). Flasks shall be made of the specified borosilicate glass and shall conform to the prescribed maximum residual thermal stress. The general appearance of the flasks are illustrated. The design for (1) conical flasks including bottom concavity and bottom heel radius, (2) neck finish, and (3) side-arm are specified. Filtering flasks shall conform to the prescribed requirements for (1) capacity; (2) dimensions such as body outside diameter, overall height, rubber stopper size, bottom and heel wall thickness, and base/heel radius; and (4) pressure resistance. Each flask shall be permanently marked with the name or known trademark of the manufacturer and the nominal capacity. There shall be an area on one side of the flask for marking with a pencil.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides standard dimensional requirements for glass filtering flasks suitable for general laboratory use.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides the material and performance requirements for glass Dewar flasks suitable for general laboratory use. Flasks shall be made of Type I, Class A borosilicate glass conforming to specified maximum residual thermal stress. The properties to which the flasks shall conform are appearance, design, capacity, and dimensions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides standard material and performance requirements for glass Dewar flasks suitable for general laboratory use.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers two styles of "Koch" type glass microburets for general laboratory use. Burets shall be made from Type I, Class A or B glass. Both burets shall have permanently attached stopcocks with either glass plugs, or PTFE plugs. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to design requirements with the specified values of capacity, scale length, diameter, outflow time, and tolerance.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers two styles of glass micro-burets of the “Koch” type for general laboratory use.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design and dimensional requirements for the digestion and distillation apparatus used for the microdetermination of nitrogen by the Kjeldahl method, and modifications thereof at atmospheric pressure. This apparatus is comprised primarily of digestion flasks, micro Kjeldahl digestion rack, one-piece model distillation apparatus, and Pregl (Parnas-Wagner) type distillation apparatus.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers digestion and distillation apparatus used for the microdetermination of nitrogen by the Kjeldahl method, and modifications thereof at atmospheric pressure.  
Note 1: This specification is based on those originally developed by the Committee on Microchemical Apparatus, Division of Analytical Chemistry, American Chemical Society.2  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides standard dimensional requirements for glass Kjeldahl flasks for nitrogen digestion analysis. The ungraduated flasks, Type I, and graduated flasks, Type II, shall conform to the specified capacities. Flasks shall be made of borosilicate glass, conforming to the required maximum residual stress, tolerance of volumetric accuracy, and dimensions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides standard dimensional requirements for glass Kjeldahl flasks for nitrogen digestion analysis.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the classification, physical requirements, and testing of disposable glass micro Folin pipets suitable for use in micro techniques for the estimation of blood sugar by the Folin method. The pipets shall be made of Type 1, Class B borosilicate glass, or Type 2 soda lime glass. The physical properties to which the pipets shall adhere are design, dimensions, graduation lines, pipet nomenclature, color coding, marking permanency, and lot control. The pipets shall also be tested for capacity accuracy and coefficient of variation, and marking permanency.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a glass disposable micro Folin pipet suitable for use in micro techniques for estimation of blood sugar by the Folin method.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification.  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements, acceptable criteria, and testing procedures for examining loaded shipping containers. Drop, vibration, and compression tests shall be performed to measure the ability of the shipping container to protect the product from shock, vibration, and compression forces encountered during normal export handling and shipping conditions. This specification is not intended to supplant material specifications or existing preshipment test procedures, and is not intended for use with hazardous materials as well.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the procedures for testing loaded shipping containers. Drop, vibration and compression tests are performed to measure the ability of the shipping container to protect the product from shock, vibration and compressive forces encountered during normal export handling and shipping conditions. This specification is not intended to supplant material specifications or existing preshipment test procedures. This specification is not intended for use with hazardous materials.  
1.2 These procedures are suitable for all types of laboratory apparatus, including reusable and disposable macro and micro products.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 4, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers distillation equipment. The equipment shall consist of the following: distillation flasks, condenser, cooling bath, metal shield or enclosure for flask (type 1 or type 2), heat source (gas burner or electric heater), flask support (type 1 or type 2), graduated cylinders, and thermometers.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers distillation equipment used in the following ASTM test methods: D86, D850, and (for approved alternative requirements only) Test Method D1078.  
1.2 Some items of equipment included in this specification are common to all methods; other items are not. Therefore, those portions of this specification pertinent to the need must be selected.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the performance requirements for general-purpose air incubators ordinarily used for incubating procedures. It is applicable to gravity and forced ventilation incubators designed to operate over a specified range of temperature. This specification does not include any requirements for the safe handling of harmful or disease bearing organisms. Temperature uniformity within a specified period of time shall be tested using several thermocouples.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for general purpose air incubators ordinarily used for incubating procedures, which have an incubating chamber up to 0.6 m3 (25 ft3) in volume. It is applicable to gravity and forced ventilation incubators designed to operate over all or part of the temperature range from 5 °C above ambient to 75 °C.  
1.2 This specification does not include any requirements for the safe handling of harmful or disease bearing organisms.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portions, Sections 4, 5, and 6, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a limit for thermal residual stress in reusable annealed glass laboratory apparatus as determined by prescribed photoelastic measurement procedures. This specification recognizes that photoelastic measurements are proportional to the difference of the principal stresses. The stress limit shall be measured and calculated to meet the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a limit for thermal residual stress in reusable annealed glass laboratory apparatus as determined by prescribed photoelastic measurement procedures.  
1.2 In broad classification, the laboratory glassware items covered by this specification, but not limited to, are:    
beakers  
Imhoff cones  
bottles, aspirator  
impingers  
bottles, dropping  
jars, battery  
bottles, gas washing  
jars, bell  
bottles, infusion  
jars, chromatography  
bottles, milk test  
jars, cylindrical  
bottles, reagent  
joints, ball and socket or standard taper  
bottles, weighing  
manometers  
bulbs, absorption  
percolators  
bulbs, leveling  
pycnometers  
bulbs, sampling  
stopcocks  
burets  
tubes, centrifuge  
condensers  
tubes, chromatography  
crystallizing dishes  
tubes, color comparison (turbidity)  
culture dishes  
tubes, combustion (ignition)    
custom apparatus  
tubes, connecting and adapter  
cylinders, graduated  
tubes, digestion  
and plain  
tubes, drying  
desiccators  
tubes, fermentation  
extraction tubes  
tubes, thistle (spray traps)  
flasks  
vapor traps  
fritted ware  
viscometers  
funnels  
watch glasses  
generators, Kipp  
grinder, tissue  
1.3 This specification recognizes that photoelastic measurements are proportional to the difference of the principal stresses. The limit imposed represents a safety factor to cover a situation in which one of the principal stresses may be larger than the apparent stress.  
1.4 This specification applies only to annealed glassware that is intended for sale as such. It excludes glassware that has been thermally tempered, ion-exchanged, or laminated with glass layers of differing expansion. The intent of this specification is to limit the residual stresses for safe consumer use in annealed glass, as it leaves the manufacturer.  
1.5 Stresses introduced by thermal expansion differences within the glassware are covered by this specification. Graded and glass-to-metal seals are excluded.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for use in the calibration of volumetric instruments that include glassware, plasticware, and laboratory standards that are in common use in chemical, analytical, clinical, and calibration laboratories. It is based on the gravimetric determination of the quantity of pure water, either contained or delivered at a calibration temperature, and the conversion of this value to a volume at a given reference temperature, normally 20 °C by means of suitable equations. Calibration using mercury is excluded. Calibration may be performed using alternative gravimetric methodology, if it is demonstrated and documented that the results obtained are equivalent to those obtained using the methodology described herein. Alternative reference temperatures and associated equations are provided.  
1.2 This practice is intended to encompass volume capacity instruments between the limits of 0.1 cm3 and 10 000 cm3. Typical volumetric instruments falling within the purview of this practice are burettes graduated “to deliver,” graduated cylinders, volumetric flasks, measuring and dilution pipettes, transfer and capacity pipettes such as those in Specification E694, specific gravity flasks such as those used in several ASTM standards, and metallic volumetric standards such as those used in legal metrology.  
1.3 The procedures are not recommended for calibration of volumetric instruments with capacities below 0.1 cm3, such as microglassware without incorporating evaporation corrections; evaporation methods and corrections are not provided. Capacities given in 1.2 are not intended to be maximum capacity limitations; volumes greater than 10 000 cm3 may be calibrated with this procedure. Maximum capacity limitations are based on available equipment, standards, adequate quantities of pure water, and the ability to safely handle large volumetric instruments.  
1.4 This standard may be used for the calibration of volumetric instruments made from materials of glass, plastic, various stable metals, or any other stable materials provided appropriate volumetric coefficients of expansions are available.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reusable Sahli hemoglobin pipets. The pipets shall be made of common spirit bore white back tubing. Pipet design shall be straight and of one-piece construction. Pipet delivery tips shall be made with a gradual or concave taper. Pipet dimensions shall be within tolerance limit indicated in this specification. The pipet shall have markings which include graduation line, volumetric designation, identification, and capacity deviation. Testing methods include capacity test, capacity deviation, pigmentation test, and strain free test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reusable pipets calibrated “to contain” 20 cmm of whole blood and used for hemoglobin determinations.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the performance requirements for four types (Types IA, IB, IIA, and IIB) of unloaded and covered general-purpose gravity-convection and forced-circulation water baths ordinarily used in testing operations. The temperature within the bath chamber shall be controllable by an automatic device and, when examined by appropriate test methods, shall be uniform within the tolerances as to uniformity and time constant specified for the particular type of bath.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the performance requirements for general-purpose water baths ordinarily used in testing operations. It is applicable to gravity-convection and forced-circulation water baths operating in the range from 5 °C above ambient to 100 °C and having a water volume up to 100 L.  
1.2 This specification covers unloaded, covered water baths.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general requirements for the components that comprise the apparatus used for the weighing and drying operations in the laboratory practice of microchemical analysis. The components covered here are the following: combustion boats; weighing bottles, cup, and tubes; spatulas; forceps; tare flasks; metal cooling block; metal crucible container with glass cover; and micro glass desiccator with metal insert.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers apparatus used for weighing and drying operations in microchemical laboratory practice.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents may be approximate.  
Note 1: This specification was originally developed by the Committee on Microchemical Apparatus, Division of Analytical Chemistry, American Chemical Society.2  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The test procedure in this practice is proposed as a package performance test to be met for items shipped for United States government procurements. This practice will apply only when requested by the buyer.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the procedures for testing loaded shipping containers that would be sold to the United States government. The following tests are performed to measure the ability of the shipping container to protect the contents from the environment, shock, and vibration during wartime conditions. This practice is not intended to supplant material specifications or existing pre-shipment test procedures. The suitability of this practice for use with hazardous materials has not been determined.  
1.2 The procedures covered in this practice are suitable for all types of laboratory apparatus including reusable and disposable macro and micro products.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers miscellaneous pipets suitable for use in milk and cream testing procedures. Pipets shall be made of high quality apparatus glass. Pipets shall be of the following types: Type 1—breed and brew pipet; Type II—milk pipet, Babcock; Type II A—milk pipet, Babcock variation; Type II B—milk pipet, Babcock variation; Type III—cream pipet; Type III A—cream pipet, additional size; Type IV—milk diluting pipet; Type IV A—milk diluting pipet, additional sizes; Type V—milk diluting pipet; Type VI—milk pipet, Gerber. Materials shall be tested and the individual grades shall conform to specified values of style and design, markings, and maximum residual thermal stress.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers miscellaneous pipets suitable for use in milk and cream testing procedures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the general and design requirements for two types of cell-type ovens based on their rates of ventilation, for determining loss in weight or changes in properties of materials on heating at elevated temperatures. This specification takes into account the fact that chamber geometry, rate of ventilation, and temperature each affect the rate of loss of volatile constituents from a material, or the rate of change in other properties. Hence, this oven is recommended whenever the results are dependent on the time and temperature of heating, the amount of ventilation, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the general requirements of a cell-type oven with controlled rates of ventilation for determining loss in weight or changes in properties of materials on heating at elevated temperatures. These specifications take into account the fact that chamber geometry, rate of ventilation, and temperature each affect the rate of loss of volatile constituents from a material, or the rate of change in other properties. This oven is recommended whenever the results are dependent on the time and temperature of heating, the amount of ventilation, or both. It is assumed that specific requirements such as specimen shape and dimensions, rate of ventilation, time, and temperature will be included in the applicable material specifications or test methods.  
Note 1: Ovens meeting these specifications have been found useful for determination of plasticizer loss in plastics, and for controlled aging of elastomers and plastics.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers common laboratory or filter funnels, and filling or powder funnels for general laboratory use. The laboratory glass funnels shall be classified into four types which are divided into classes. Type 1 is common laboratory funnel with smooth inner surface which is divided into three classes: Class A with short stem, Class B with long stem, and Class C without stem. Type 2 is laboratory funnel with fluted inner wall. The flutes are small grooves or depressions running upward from the bottom zone of the bowl. This type is divided into Class A and Class B. Type 3 is laboratory funnel with ribbed inner wall. The ribs are small raised protuberances from funnel rim toward the stem. Class A and Class B funnels belong to this type. Type 4 is the last type which is filling or powder funnels. This type has short, wide diameter stem.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers common laboratory or filter funnels, and filling or powder funnels for general laboratory use.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the design and dimensional requirements for flasks and closures, with a fixed platinum sample holder, used in the original oxygen-flask combustion procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the flask and closure, with a fixed platinum sample holder, used in the original oxygen-flask combustion procedures (1, 2).2
Note 1: This specification was originally developed by the Committee on Microchemical Apparatus, Division of Analytical Chemistry, American Chemical Society (3). Specifications for types of apparatus that utilize electric (2, 4-7) or infrared (8) ignition are not included because of lack of experience with these.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification describes the required properties and corresponding test methods for glass covers and slides for use in routine microscopy. The covers and slides comply to specified requirements as to dimension, planeness and parallelism, corrosion resistance, and workmanship. They shall also be tested for their conformance to other properties such as index of refraction, clarity, resistance to boiling, solubility, and wettability.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification describes glass covers and slides for use in routine microscopy.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers glass graduates suitable for laboratory, pharmaceutical, and other uses, in both conical and cylindrical shapes. Graduates shall be in the following types: type 1 - graduated in metric scale only, and type 2 - graduated in both metric and inch-pound scales. Graduates having a capacity of more than 15 mL (4 fluid drams) may be either conical or cylindrical. Those having a capacity of 15 mL or less shall be cylindrical. Each graduate shall have clear graduation markings perpendicular to the vertical axis of the graduate and parallel to each other. Capacities, graduation ranges, values of graduated intervals, and numbered graduations applicable to single-scale graduates and to appropriate portions of double-scale graduates are presented in details.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers glass graduates suitable for laboratory, pharmaceutical, and other uses, in both conical and cylindrical shapes.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for disposable glass culture tubes for use in culturing applications. Disposable glass culture tubes shall be made of type I (borosilicate) or type II (soda-lime) glass. Tube design shall be of one-piece construction. Other requirements shall include top or open end finish requirement, bottom or closed end requirement, residual thermal stress requirement, workmanship, and tube dimensions.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the requirements for disposable glass tubes suitable for general testing and culturing applications in blood banks, hematology, bacteriology, virology, and tissue culture laboratories.  
1.2 For practical purposes, the word “disposable” according to this specification and expected product performance expressed in this specification describes those disposable glass culture tubes that are to be used one time only. Any institution or individual who reuses a disposable glass culture tube must bear full responsibility for its safety and effectiveness.  
1.3 For packaging standards, choose among the following: Specifications E920 or E921 or Practice E1133.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers dimensional interchangeability requirements of glass stopcocks with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) plugs for use in ordinary laboratory and industrial applications. However, it does not cover the design characteristics of the stopcock-plug assembly nor the physical or chemical properties of the materials used. Glass stopcocks with glass plugs or stopcocks for use in high-vacuum applications are not covered as well. The plug shall be manufactured from PTFE material of Types I and IV, extrusion and molding grade resins. Stopcocks, on the other hand, shall be manufactured from glass into one of various types: single straight-bore stopcock, single oblique-bore stopcock, double oblique-bore (three-way) stopcock, T-bore stopcock, or angled-bore stopcock. Tests for dimension conformity, taper, leak rate, and performance shall be performed and shall conform to the requirements specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers standard dimensional requirements for obtaining, within practical limits, interchangeability in glass stopcocks (Note 1) with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) plugs for ordinary laboratory and industrial applications. It covers dimensional interchangeability only and does not involve design characteristics of the item except where specified, nor does it involve physical or chemical characteristics of the material used. It does not cover glass stopcocks with glass plugs (Note 2) or stopcocks intended for use in high-vacuum work.  
Note 1: A stopcock is defined as consisting of a plug and barrel in assembled configuration.
Note 2: Glass stopcocks with glass plugs are covered by Specification E675.
Note 3: The dimensions pertaining to stopcocks were taken from the now obsolete Commercial Standard CS 21-58 of the U.S. Department of Commerce and Product Standard PS 28-70 published by the National Bureau of Standards.
Note 4: Although glass is the most common material for stopcocks, other materials may be used as specified. Stopcocks constructed from glass shall be in accordance with Specifications E438 and E671.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers disposable blood sedimentation tubes suitable for determining sedimentation rates and the volume of packed red blood cells. This specification covers a tube intended for one-time use only. The tubes shall be fabricated borosilicate glass, Type I, Class B, or from soda lime glass, Type II. The tubes shall be tested for their marking permanency and resistance to centrifugal test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers disposable blood sedimentation tubes suitable for determining sedimentation rates and the volume of packed red blood cells.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification describes the physical requirements and corresponding test methods for disposable glass blood sample capillary tubes for use in microhematocrit procedures. Covered here are two different types of capillary tubes, namely, Type I (coated with heparin), and Type II (uncoated). The tubes shall be fabricated from Type I, Class B borosilicate glass, or Type II soda lime glass. Conversely, the heparin used for coating Type I tubes shall be of ammonium salt isolated from the lungs or intestinal mucosa of beef or pork origin. The tubes shall conform to specified requirements for design, dimension, workmanship, color coding, and lot or control number. They should also pass the following tests for capillarity, fluidity, sheep plasma, positive and negative controls, human whole blood, heparin potency assay, and resistance to centrifugal force.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers disposable glass blood sample capillary tubes for use in microhematocrit procedures.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes a color-coding system for indicating capacity and identifying subdivisions in disposable glass and plastic laboratory pipets with multiple graduations, but excluding disposable prothrombin and disposable micropipets. This specification intends to ensure that when color coding is utilized, all manufacturers will be encouraged to use the same color for nominal value identification. Besides the colors to be used, requirements for durability, style, and location are also presented.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides a system for color coding disposable pipets (glass and plastic) with multiple graduations. The color will indicate capacity and subdivisions for identification purposes.  
1.2 The intent of this specification is to ensure that when color coding is utilized, all manufacturers will be encouraged to use the same color for nominal value identification.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification establishes a color-coding system to identify the anticoagulants used in coating pipets or containers not exceeding 1 mL in volume. Its purpose is to ensure that if a color code is used with an anticoagulant, all manufacturers will be encouraged, though not required, to use the same code.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a system to identify the anticoagulants used in coating pipets or containers not exceeding 1 mL in volume.  
1.2 The purpose of this specification is to ensure that if a color code is used with an anticoagulant, all manufacturers will be encouraged to use the same code; it is not intended to require color coding.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a disposable glass Westergren tube used for measuring the erythrocyte sedimentation rate. Covered by this specification are Type I (standard Westergren tube used in conventional racks only) and Type II (self-zeroing tubes used with racks that have convenient disposable tube features) Westergren tubes. The tubes shall be manufactured from borosilicate glass (Type I, Class B) or soda lime glass (Type II) into a one-piece construction that is free from visible defects, straight, and of uniform bore, with the ends of the tube cut at right angles to the tube axis and fire polished. In addition, Type II tubes shall be inserted wit an absorbent cotton plug. The tube shall be graduated, with graduation lines at right angles to the tube axis and in units of millimeters.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a disposable tube used for measuring the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR (the suspension stability of red cells in diluted, anti-coagulated human blood).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers reusable blood sedimentation tubes suitable for determining sedimentation rates and the volume of packed red blood cells. The tubes shall be fabricated from borosilicate glass, Type I, Class B, or sodalime glass, Type II. A resistance to centrifugal force test shall be performed on the tubes.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers reusable blood sedimentation tubes suitable for determining sedimentation rates and the volume of packed red blood cells.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers glass test tubes suitable for laboratory use. The test tubes shall be of the following classification according to size: Type I, Type II, Type III, Type IV (Class A, Class B, and Class C), Type V, Type VI, and Type VII. Test tubes shall be made of the prescribed borosilicate glass (Type I glass) or of soda-lime glass (Type II glass) and shall be tubular, with one end having a rounded closure. The following are specified: (1) material requirements for screw caps, liners, and annealing and (2) design requirements for the test tube capacity, dimensions (OD, length, and wall thickness), and area for marking. Other dimensional requirements such as subdivision, stopper, and GPI thread finish are also specified.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers glass test tubes suitable for laboratory use.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers disposable glass serological pipets, calibrated "to deliver," used in measuring volumes of liquids. Pipets shall be straight and have one-piece construction, fabricated from borosilicate glass, Type I, Class A or B; or soda-lime glass, Type II. Any cross section of a pipet taken in a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis shall be circular. The accuracy and coefficient of variation of the pipets shall be tested gravimetrically.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers disposable glass serological pipets, calibrated “to deliver,” used in measuring volumes of liquids.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification provides standard dimensional requirements for glass beakers suitable for general laboratory use. The glass beakers are classified into types and sizes and are presented in details. The glass beaker types are: type I - low form with spout; type II - low form, with spout heavy duty; type III - tall form, with spout; type IV - tall form, without spout; and type V - electrolytic, without spout. Beakers shall be made of borosilicate glass conforming to the requirement specified. Types I and II beakers shall be constructed to have straight sides. Types III and IV beakers shall have slightly tapered sides. Type V beakers may have slightly tapered or straight sides.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification provides standard dimensional requirements for glass beakers suitable for general laboratory use.  
Note 1: For packaging standards, choose among the following standards: Specification E920, Specification E921, Practice E1133. For sampling and testing refer to Specification E1157.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT
This specification covers disposable plastic serological pipets, calibrated to deliver when measuring volumes of liquids. The pipets shall be fabricated from crystal-grade, uncolored polystyrene, or its regrind. They shall adhere to the property requirements discussed herein for design (shape, delivery tips, top end, dimensions, and outflow times), graduation and identification markings, capacity, and accuracy and coefficient of variation.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers disposable plastic serological pipets, calibrated “to deliver” when measuring volumes of liquids.  
1.1.1 Any institution or individual who reuses a disposable pipet must bear full responsibility for its safety and effectiveness.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice will enable calibration laboratories and the user to calibrate electronic non-automatic weighing instruments and quantify the error of the balance throughout the measurement range, usually from zero to maximum capacity. The error of indication is accompanied by a statement on measurement uncertainty, which is individually estimated for every measurement point. This practice is based on the test procedures and uncertainty estimation described in the EURAMET calibration guide cg-18. However, while EURAMET cg-18 allows for a very flexible execution of the measurements, the test procedures described in this practice are more fixed to enable a better comparability between calibrations executed by different calibration laboratories or users. This practice may also serve as basis for accreditation of calibration laboratories for calibration of electronic non-automatic weighing instruments.  
4.2 This practice allows the user to decide whether the calibrated balance is fit for its intended purpose, based on the assessment of the calibration results. Usually, this assessment is done by ensuring that the measurement uncertainty of all weighings the user performs on the instrument is smaller than a specified relative tolerance established by the user. This approach is commensurate to assuring that the smallest net amount of substance that the user weighs on the instrument (so-called smallest net weight) is larger than the minimum weight, which is derived from the calibration results.  
4.3 This practice, in Appendix X2, provides information on the periodic performance verification on the balance that should be carried out by the user between the calibrations. Calibration together with periodic performance verification allows the user to ensure with a very high degree of probability that the balance meets the user requirements during its day-to-day usage. It helps users comply with requirements from other standards or regulations that stipulate periodic test...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice applies to the calibration of electronic non-automatic weighing instruments. A non-automatic weighing instrument is a measuring instrument that determines the mass of an object by measuring the gravitational force acting on the object. It requires the intervention of an operator during the weighing process to decide whether the weighing result is acceptable.  
1.2 Non-automatic weighing instruments have capacities from a few grams up to several thousand kilograms, with a scale interval typically from 0.1 micrograms up to 1 kilogram. Note that non-automatic weighing instruments are usually referred to as either balances or scales. In this practice, for brevity, non-automatic weighing instruments will be referred to as balances; however, the scope of this practice also includes scales.  
1.3 This practice only covers electronic non-automatic weighing instruments where the indication is obtained from a digital display. The measuring principle is usually based on the force compensation principle. This principle is realized either by elastic deformation, where the gravitational force of the object being weighed is measured by a strain gauge that converts the deformation into electrical resistance, or by electromagnetic force compensation, where the gravitational force is compensated for by an electromagnetic counterforce that holds the load cell in equilibrium.  
1.4 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to be suitable as the sole testing process for weighing systems designated for commercial service under weights and measures regulation. The legal requirements for such instruments vary from region to region, and also depend on specific applications. To determine applicable legal requirements, contact the weights and measures authority in the region where the device is located. ...