Standard Specification for Maximum Permissible Thermal Residual Stress in Annealed Glass Laboratory Apparatus

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a limit for thermal residual stress in reusable annealed glass laboratory apparatus as determined by prescribed photoelastic measurement procedures. This specification recognizes that photoelastic measurements are proportional to the difference of the principal stresses. The stress limit shall be measured and calculated to meet the specified requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a limit for thermal residual stress in reusable annealed glass laboratory apparatus as determined by prescribed photoelastic measurement procedures.  
1.2 In broad classification, the laboratory glassware items covered by this specification, but not limited to, are:    
beakers  
Imhoff cones  
bottles, aspirator  
impingers  
bottles, dropping  
jars, battery  
bottles, gas washing  
jars, bell  
bottles, infusion  
jars, chromatography  
bottles, milk test  
jars, cylindrical  
bottles, reagent  
joints, ball and socket or standard taper  
bottles, weighing  
manometers  
bulbs, absorption  
percolators  
bulbs, leveling  
pycnometers  
bulbs, sampling  
stopcocks  
burets  
tubes, centrifuge  
condensers  
tubes, chromatography  
crystallizing dishes  
tubes, color comparison (turbidity)  
culture dishes  
tubes, combustion (ignition)    
custom apparatus  
tubes, connecting and adapter  
cylinders, graduated  
tubes, digestion  
and plain  
tubes, drying  
desiccators  
tubes, fermentation  
extraction tubes  
tubes, thistle (spray traps)  
flasks  
vapor traps  
fritted ware  
viscometers  
funnels  
watch glasses  
generators, Kipp  
grinder, tissue  
1.3 This specification recognizes that photoelastic measurements are proportional to the difference of the principal stresses. The limit imposed represents a safety factor to cover a situation in which one of the principal stresses may be larger than the apparent stress.  
1.4 This specification applies only to annealed glassware that is intended for sale as such. It excludes glassware that has been thermally tempered, ion-exchanged, or laminated with glass layers of differing expansion. The intent of this specification is to limit the residual stresses for safe consumer use in annealed glass, as it leaves the manufacturer.  
1.5 Stresses introduced by thermal expansion differences within the glassware are covered by this specification. Graded and glass-to-metal seals are excluded.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Dec-2021
Technical Committee
E41 - Laboratory Apparatus

Relations

Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Effective Date
01-Nov-2013
Effective Date
01-Mar-2012
Effective Date
01-Dec-2011
Effective Date
01-Dec-2011
Effective Date
01-Nov-2008
Effective Date
01-Nov-2006
Effective Date
15-Sep-2005
Effective Date
01-Jan-2000
Effective Date
01-Jan-2000
Effective Date
10-Oct-1996
Effective Date
31-Oct-1988
Effective Date
01-Jan-1988
Effective Date
27-Mar-1987

Overview

ASTM E671-98(2022) is an internationally recognized standard specifying the maximum permissible thermal residual stress in reusable annealed glass laboratory apparatus. Developed by ASTM International, this standard ensures that laboratory glassware meets safety and performance requirements by limiting residual stress levels, as determined through prescribed photoelastic measurement methods. By establishing these criteria, the standard aims to protect users from glass failure caused by excessive internal stress and supports consistent quality in laboratory environments.

Key Topics

  • Thermal Residual Stress: The specification defines maximum allowable stress levels in annealed glass due to thermal processes, measured using photoelastic procedures. This is crucial for minimizing the risk of unexpected glass breakage.
  • Photoelastic Measurement: The standard outlines procedures for using polarimetric techniques, such as the Friedel (Senarmont) polarimeter, to detect and measure stress in glassware. Measurements are proportional to the difference between principal stresses.
  • Scope of Application: ASTM E671 applies specifically to annealed glassware intended for sale in its annealed state and excludes glass that is thermally tempered, ion-exchanged, or laminated.
  • Product Coverage: The standard covers a broad range of laboratory glassware, including but not limited to beakers, bottles, burets, condensers, flasks, pipets, jars, manometers, tubes, viscometers, and custom apparatus.
  • Reporting and Sampling: Requirements include documenting the identification and type of glassware, measurement data, manufacturing information, and ensuring statistical sampling in batch processes.

Applications

ASTM E671-98(2022) is essential in several practical scenarios:

  • Laboratory Glassware Manufacturing: Manufacturers use this standard to ensure new annealed glass products-such as beakers, flasks, burets, bottles, and specialized laboratory tubes-meet safety and quality requirements before distribution.
  • Quality Assurance and Testing: Laboratory supply companies and quality assurance teams utilize the specified photoelastic measurement techniques to verify compliance with the standard during production and before shipment.
  • Academic and Research Laboratories: Procurement teams rely on ASTM E671 compliance for selecting laboratory glassware that minimizes risk of breakage and ensures reliability during experiments and handling.
  • Regulatory Compliance: Organizations seeking conformity with international trade and safety requirements use this standard to meet the guidelines established by globally recognized bodies such as the WTO TBT Committee.

Related Standards

For comprehensive quality control and compatibility, ASTM E671-98(2022) references and works in conjunction with several other ASTM standards:

  • ASTM E1157 - Specification for Sampling and Testing of Reusable Laboratory Glassware: Provides detailed instructions for sampling and testing techniques in laboratory environments.
  • ASTM E1273 - Specification for Color Coding of Reusable Laboratory Pipets: Ensures standardization in the identification of laboratory pipets.
  • ASTM F218 - Test Method for Measuring Optical Retardation and Analyzing Stress in Glass: Supports accurate measurement of optical retardation for stress analysis.
  • International Trade Considerations: The standard is developed in accordance with WTO principles on international standardization, supporting its broader regulatory acceptance.

Keywords

annealed glass, residual stress, laboratory apparatus, photoelastic measurement, ASTM E671, laboratory glassware standards, thermal residual stress, quality assurance, glass testing, laboratory safety

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ASTM E671-98(2022) - Standard Specification for Maximum Permissible Thermal Residual Stress in Annealed Glass Laboratory Apparatus

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Frequently Asked Questions

ASTM E671-98(2022) is a technical specification published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Specification for Maximum Permissible Thermal Residual Stress in Annealed Glass Laboratory Apparatus". This standard covers: ABSTRACT This specification covers a limit for thermal residual stress in reusable annealed glass laboratory apparatus as determined by prescribed photoelastic measurement procedures. This specification recognizes that photoelastic measurements are proportional to the difference of the principal stresses. The stress limit shall be measured and calculated to meet the specified requirements. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers a limit for thermal residual stress in reusable annealed glass laboratory apparatus as determined by prescribed photoelastic measurement procedures. 1.2 In broad classification, the laboratory glassware items covered by this specification, but not limited to, are: beakers Imhoff cones bottles, aspirator impingers bottles, dropping jars, battery bottles, gas washing jars, bell bottles, infusion jars, chromatography bottles, milk test jars, cylindrical bottles, reagent joints, ball and socket or standard taper bottles, weighing manometers bulbs, absorption percolators bulbs, leveling pycnometers bulbs, sampling stopcocks burets tubes, centrifuge condensers tubes, chromatography crystallizing dishes tubes, color comparison (turbidity) culture dishes tubes, combustion (ignition) custom apparatus tubes, connecting and adapter cylinders, graduated tubes, digestion and plain tubes, drying desiccators tubes, fermentation extraction tubes tubes, thistle (spray traps) flasks vapor traps fritted ware viscometers funnels watch glasses generators, Kipp grinder, tissue 1.3 This specification recognizes that photoelastic measurements are proportional to the difference of the principal stresses. The limit imposed represents a safety factor to cover a situation in which one of the principal stresses may be larger than the apparent stress. 1.4 This specification applies only to annealed glassware that is intended for sale as such. It excludes glassware that has been thermally tempered, ion-exchanged, or laminated with glass layers of differing expansion. The intent of this specification is to limit the residual stresses for safe consumer use in annealed glass, as it leaves the manufacturer. 1.5 Stresses introduced by thermal expansion differences within the glassware are covered by this specification. Graded and glass-to-metal seals are excluded. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ABSTRACT This specification covers a limit for thermal residual stress in reusable annealed glass laboratory apparatus as determined by prescribed photoelastic measurement procedures. This specification recognizes that photoelastic measurements are proportional to the difference of the principal stresses. The stress limit shall be measured and calculated to meet the specified requirements. SCOPE 1.1 This specification covers a limit for thermal residual stress in reusable annealed glass laboratory apparatus as determined by prescribed photoelastic measurement procedures. 1.2 In broad classification, the laboratory glassware items covered by this specification, but not limited to, are: beakers Imhoff cones bottles, aspirator impingers bottles, dropping jars, battery bottles, gas washing jars, bell bottles, infusion jars, chromatography bottles, milk test jars, cylindrical bottles, reagent joints, ball and socket or standard taper bottles, weighing manometers bulbs, absorption percolators bulbs, leveling pycnometers bulbs, sampling stopcocks burets tubes, centrifuge condensers tubes, chromatography crystallizing dishes tubes, color comparison (turbidity) culture dishes tubes, combustion (ignition) custom apparatus tubes, connecting and adapter cylinders, graduated tubes, digestion and plain tubes, drying desiccators tubes, fermentation extraction tubes tubes, thistle (spray traps) flasks vapor traps fritted ware viscometers funnels watch glasses generators, Kipp grinder, tissue 1.3 This specification recognizes that photoelastic measurements are proportional to the difference of the principal stresses. The limit imposed represents a safety factor to cover a situation in which one of the principal stresses may be larger than the apparent stress. 1.4 This specification applies only to annealed glassware that is intended for sale as such. It excludes glassware that has been thermally tempered, ion-exchanged, or laminated with glass layers of differing expansion. The intent of this specification is to limit the residual stresses for safe consumer use in annealed glass, as it leaves the manufacturer. 1.5 Stresses introduced by thermal expansion differences within the glassware are covered by this specification. Graded and glass-to-metal seals are excluded. 1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

ASTM E671-98(2022) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 71.040.20 - Laboratory ware and related apparatus. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.

ASTM E671-98(2022) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM E1273-88(2019), ASTM E1273-88(2013), ASTM F218-12, ASTM E1157-87(2011), ASTM E1157-87(2018)e1, ASTM E1273-88(2008), ASTM E1157-87(2006), ASTM F218-05, ASTM F218-95, ASTM F218-95(2000), ASTM E1157-87(1996), ASTM E1273-88(2003), ASTM E1273-88(1997)e1, ASTM E1157-87(2001)e1. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.

ASTM E671-98(2022) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.

Standards Content (Sample)


This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation:E671 −98 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Specification for
Maximum Permissible Thermal Residual Stress in Annealed
Glass Laboratory Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E671; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope cation is to limit the residual stresses for safe consumer use in
annealed glass, as it leaves the manufacturer.
1.1 This specification covers a limit for thermal residual
stress in reusable annealed glass laboratory apparatus as 1.5 Stresses introduced by thermal expansion differences
determined by prescribed photoelastic measurement proce- within the glassware are covered by this specification. Graded
dures. and glass-to-metal seals are excluded.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
1.2 In broad classification, the laboratory glassware items
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
covered by this specification, but not limited to, are:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
beakers Imhoff cones
bottles, aspirator impingers Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
bottles, dropping jars, battery
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
bottles, gas washing jars, bell
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
bottles, infusion jars, chromatography
bottles, milk test jars, cylindrical
2. Referenced Documents
bottles, reagent joints, ball and socket or standard taper
bottles, weighing manometers
2.1 ASTM Standards:
bulbs, absorption percolators
bulbs, leveling pycnometers E1157 Specification for Sampling and Testing of Reusable
bulbs, sampling stopcocks
Laboratory Glassware
burets tubes, centrifuge
E1273 Specification for Color Coding of Reusable Labora-
condensers tubes, chromatography
tory Pipets
crystallizing dishes tubes, color comparison (turbidity)
culture dishes tubes, combustion (ignition)
F218 Test Method for Measuring Optical Retardation and
custom apparatus tubes, connecting and adapter
Analyzing Stress in Glass
cylinders, graduated tubes, digestion
and plain tubes, drying
3. Stress Limit
desiccators tubes, fermentation
extraction tubes tubes, thistle (spray traps)
3.1 The stress as measured by the procedure in Section 4
flasks vapor traps
fritted ware viscometers and calculated by Eq 2 shall not exceed 5.2 MPa (750 psi),
funnels watch glasses
except for combustion, centrifuge, and chromatography tubes,
generators, Kipp
for which a limit of 4.5 MPa (650 psi) applies. Ware exceeding
grinder, tissue
these limits shall be rejected or reannealed to meet the
1.3 This specification recognizes that photoelastic measure-
specification.
ments are proportional to the difference of the principal
stresses. The limit imposed represents a safety factor to cover
4. Measurement Procedure
a situation in which one of the principal stresses may be larger
4.1 Using a Friedel (Senarmont) polarimeter as described in
than the apparent stress.
Test Method F218, place the glass article to be measured in the
1.4 This specification applies only to annealed glassware
viewing field in air. Examine every part of the article with a
that is intended for sale as such. It excludes glassware that has
definable light path (glass dimension) by rotating the analyzer
been thermally tempered, ion-exchanged, or laminated with
to compensate for local stress birefringence. Document those
glass layers of differing expansion. The intent of this specifi-
zones showing the higher values for the retardation or thick-
ness ratios by recording analyzer angle, glass thickness (light
path), and position in ware.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E41 on
Laboratory Apparatus and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E41.01 on
Laboratory Ware and Supplies. For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2022. Published February 2022. Originally contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
approvedin1979.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2016asE671 – 98(2016).DOI: Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
10.1520/E0671-98R22.
...

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