ISO/TC 213 - Dimensional and geometrical product specifications and verification

This document specifies requirements for indicating linear sizes. This document establishes the default specification operator (see ISO 17450-2) and defines a special specification operator for linear sizes. This document is applicable to the following features of linear size (see ISO 17450-1): — cylinders; — spheres; — two parallel opposite planes. This document provides a set of tools to express several types of linear size characteristics. It does not present any information on the relationship between a function or a use and a linear size characteristic.

This document specifies the most important design and metrological characteristics of two-point inside micrometers: — with a scale interval or digital step of 0,001 mm and 0,01 mm; — with analogue or digital indication. This document is applicable to two-point inside micrometers with and without interchangeable extensions. This document does not apply to micrometers fitted with a dial gauge, or to jaw micrometers.

This document defines the terminology and develops concepts for profile morphological segmentation. In particular it specifies the watershed segmentation method, the Wolf pruning method and the crossing-the-line method. This document assumes a continuous surface.

This document specifies the design and metrological characteristics of point autofocus probe (PAP) instruments for the areal measurement of surface topography. Because surface profiles can be extracted from areal surface topography data, the methods described in this document are also applicable to profiling measurements.

This document specifies the design, metrological characteristics and nominal characteristics of contact stylus instruments for the areal measurement of surface topography. Because surface profiles can be extracted from areal surface topography data, the methods described in this document are also applicable to profiling measurements.

This document specifies the design and metrological characteristics of phase shifting interferometry (PSI) instruments for the areal measurement of surface topography. Because surface profiles can be extracted from areal surface topography data, the methods described in this document are also applicable to profiling measurements.

This document specifies the design and metrological characteristics of coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) instruments for the areal measurement of surface topography. Because surface profiles can be extracted from surface topography data, the methods described in this document are also applicable to profiling measurements.

This document specifies the design and metrological characteristics of a particular non-contact instrument for measuring surface texture using a confocal chromatic probe based on axial chromatic aberration of white light. Additional metrological characteristics can be found in ISO 25178-600. Because surface profiles can be extracted from areal surface topography data, the methods described in this document are also applicable to profiling measurements.

This document specifies robust Gaussian regression filters for the filtration of surface profiles. It defines, in particular, how to separate large- and small-scale lateral components of surface profiles with protruding dales and hills. The concept presented for closed profiles are applicable to the case of roundness filtering. Where appropriate, these concept can be extended to generalized closed profiles, especially for surface profiles with re-entrant features.

This document specifies linear Gaussian filters for the filtration of surface profiles. It defines, in particular, how to separate large- and small-scale lateral components of surface profiles. The concept presented for closed profiles are applicable to the case of roundness filtration. Where appropriate, these concept can be extended to generalized closed profiles, especially for surface profiles with re-entrant features. Implementation details are given in Annex A for open profiles and Annex B for closed profiles.

This document specifies terminology, rules and methodology for the indication and understanding of datums and datum systems in technical product documentation. This document also provides explanations to assist the user in understanding the concepts involved. This document defines the specification operator (see ISO 17450-2) used to establish a datum or datum system. The verification operator (see ISO 17450-2) can take different forms (physically or mathematically) and is not the subject of this document. NOTE The detailed rules for maximum and least material requirements for datums are given in ISO 2692.

This document specifies the most important design and metrological characteristics of rotary axis form-measuring instruments. It is not applicable to coordinate measurement systems as defined by the ISO 10360 series, whether the systems are fitted with a rotary axis or not, except by special agreement.

This document defines the basic terms for partitioned features and establishes a framework for the fundamental procedures used in partition.

This document specifies the methods used to partition a nominal model.

This document specifies the procedure for the partition operation of geometrical product specification and verification. This document does not apply to profile and areal surface texture.

This document gives the terminology and basic concepts of association, including objective functions and association constraints and material offset. This document is not intended to specify association defaults and GPS syntax which are introduced in other (ISO GPS) International Standards. NOTE The association can be used to establish for example: — a datum; — a reference feature for a geometrical specification or for a surface texture specification; — an associated toleranced feature; — any dimensional characteristic; — an intersection plane, an orientation plane, a collection plane or a direction feature.

This document provides information on a generalized version of the linear spline filter for uniform and non-uniform sampling and the robust spline filters for surface profiles. It supplements ISO 16610-22, ISO 16610-30 and ISO 16610-31. This document provides information on how to apply the robust estimation to the spline filter as specified in ISO 16610-22, as well as its generalized form for non-uniform sampling. The weight function chosen for the M-estimator is the Tukey biweight influence function as specified in ISO 16610-31.

This document provides the most important design and metrological characteristics of micrometers for external measurements: — with analogue indication; — with digital indication: mechanical or electronic digital display.

This document specifies the rules for geometrical dimensioning and tolerancing of final moulded parts and parts machined out of moulded parts. It also specifies rules and conventions for the indications of these requirements in technical product documentation and specifies the proportions and dimensions of the graphical symbols to be used. This document provides symbols for identifying the relative completeness of the moulded features and parts. These graphical symbols differ from the graphical symbols for surface texture according to ISO 1302[1], which are notably larger. This document specifies general geometrical tolerances using surface profile tolerances related to a general datum system that remains on the final part. It also specifies machining allowances and draft angles (tapers) for castings in all cast metals and their alloys produced by various casting manufacturing processes. This document establishes the general principles for presentation of general geometrical tolerances that apply to 2D technical drawings in all disciplines and trades but which are also applicable to 3D applications. NOTE All figures are shown in 2D views only. When cast datum surfaces are machined, this document is not applicable. [1]Cancelled and replaced by ISO 21920-1.

This document specifies the characteristics of a linear areal spline filter with a global shape retainment.

This document specifies general dimensional and geometrical tolerances as well as machining allowance grades for castings using ± tolerances for indicated dimensions as delivered to the purchaser according to ISO/TS 8062-2. It is applicable for tolerancing of dimensions and geometry of castings in all cast metals and their alloys produced by various casting manufacturing processes. This document does not apply to 3D CAD models used without indicated dimensions. This document applies to both general dimensional and general geometrical tolerances (referred to in or near the title block of the drawing), unless otherwise specified and where specifically referred to on the drawing by one of the references in Clause 11. The dimensional tolerances covered by this document are tolerances for linear dimensions. The geometrical tolerances covered by this document are tolerances for: — straightness; — flatness; — roundness; — parallelism; — perpendicularity; — symmetry; — coaxiality. This document does not cover other position tolerances, angular dimensional tolerances or cylindricity tolerances. This document can be used for the selection of tolerance values for individual indications.

This document specifies generic procedures for the calibration, adjustment and verification of metrological characteristics that areal topography measuring instruments have in common, as stated in ISO 25178-600. Because surface profiles can be extracted from surface topography images, most of the methods described in this document can be adapted to profiling instruments. Instrument-specific issues are not covered by this document. For example, for instruments based on mechanical probing where the probe follows an additional arcuate motion, additional measures are specified in ISO 25178-701. This document does not include procedures for area-integrating methods, although those are also stated in ISO 25178-6. For example, light scattering belongs to a class of techniques known as area-integrating methods for measuring surface topography.

This document defines the concepts of a reference temperature and the standard reference temperature and specifies the standard reference temperature value for the specification of geometrical and dimensional properties of an object. Some examples of geometrical and dimensional properties include size, location, orientation (including angle), form and surface texture of a workpiece. This document is also applicable to the definition of the measurand used in verification or calibration.

This document specifies the rules for indication of surface texture by profile methods in technical product documentation by means of graphical symbols. This document does not cover population requirements. NOTE See ISO 18391 for population (batch) specifications.

This document specifies the calibration and adjustment of the metrological characteristics of contact (stylus) instruments for the measurement of surface texture by the profile method as defined in ISO 3274. The calibration and adjustment is intended to be carried out with the aid of measurement standards. Annex B specifies the calibration and adjustment of metrological characteristics of simplified operator contact (stylus) instruments which do not conform with ISO 3274.

This document specifies parameters for the determination of surface texture by areal methods.

This document specifies terms, definitions and parameters for the determination of surface texture by profile methods. NOTE 1 The main changes to previous ISO profile documents are described in Annex I. NOTE 2 An overview of profile and areal standards in the GPS matrix model is given in Annex J. NOTE 3 The relation of this document to the GPS matrix model is given in Annex K.

This document specifies the complete specification operator for surface texture by profile methods.

This document specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of an optical 3D coordinate measuring system (CMS) when measuring lengths as stated by the manufacturer. It also specifies the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the optical 3D CMS. This document is applicable to verification of the measuring performance of CMSs if the surface characteristics (e.g. glossiness, colour) of the object to be scanned are restricted and within a cooperative range. This document does not apply to other types of CMSs, including those covered by the other parts of the ISO 10360 series.

This document specifies the acceptance tests for verifying the performance of a laser tracker by measuring calibrated test lengths, according to the specifications of the manufacturer. It also specifies the reverification tests that enable the user to periodically reverify the performance of the laser tracker. The acceptance and reverification tests given in this document are applicable to laser trackers utilizing a retroreflector, or a retroreflector in combination with a stylus or optical distance sensor, as a probing system. Laser trackers that use interferometric measurement (IFM), absolute distance measurement (ADM) or both can be verified using this document. This document can also be used to specify and verify the relevant performance tests of other spherical coordinate measurement systems that use cooperative targets, such as “laser radar” systems. NOTE Systems which do not track the target, such as laser radar systems, will not be tested for probing performance. This document does not explicitly apply to measuring systems that do not use a spherical coordinate system. However, interested parties can apply this document to such systems by mutual agreement. This document specifies: — performance requirements that can be assigned by the manufacturer or the user of the laser tracker; — the manner of execution of the acceptance and reverification tests to demonstrate the stated requirements; — rules for proving comformity; — applications for which the acceptance and reverification tests can be used.

This document defines the maximum material requirement (MMR), the least material requirement (LMR) and the reciprocity requirement (RPR). These requirements can only be applied to linear features of size of cylindrical type or two parallel opposite planes type. These requirements are often used to control specific functions of workpieces where size and geometry are interdependent, for example to fulfil the functions “assembly of parts” (for MMR) or “minimum wall thickness” (for LMR). However, the MMR and LMR can also be used to fulfil other functional design requirements.

This document gives rules for definition and interpretation of general geometrical specifications and general size specifications defined according to ISO 8015:2011, 5.12. General specifications defined in other standards, and the link to these standards, are not covered by this document. The general geometrical specifications and general size (linear or angular) specifications defined in this document apply only to integral features (including features of size). These specifications do not apply to derived features or integral lines (see ISO 17450-1 for the definitions of integral features and derived features). Dimensions other than linear or angular sizes (see ISO 14405-2) are not covered by this document.

This document provides an unambiguous calculation of parameters PSm, RSm, WSm and Pc, Rc, Wc, as defined in ISO 4287, by means of a flowchart.

This document specifies the most important design and metrological characteristics of calliper depth gauges — with analogue indication: vernier scale or circular scale (dial); and — with digital indication: digital display.

This document specifies biorthogonal wavelets for profiles and contains the relevant concepts. It gives the basic terminology for biorthogonal wavelets of compact support, together with their usage.

This document specifies acceptance and periodic reverification tests of CMM performance with contacting probing systems and is only applicable to CMMs using: — any type of contacting probing system; and — spherical or hemispherical stylus tip(s). NOTE CMM probing performance tests are specified by the maximum permissible errors (MPEs), due to the impracticality of isolating the performance of the probing system from that of the CMM, even on a small artefact such as a test sphere. This document applies to CMMs supplied with any of the following: a) single-stylus probing systems; b) multi-stylus probing systems with fixed multiple styli attached to a single probe (e.g. "star" stylus); c) multiple probing systems such as those with a stylus for each of their probes; d) systems with articulating probing systems; e) stylus and probe changing systems; f) manual (non-driven) and automated CMMs; g) installations including a scanning probe, capable of being used in a scanning mode. This document is not applicable to non-contacting probing systems, which require different testing procedures. The term ?combined CMM and multi-stylus probing system size error' has been shortened to ?multi-stylus size error' for convenience. This applies in similar cases. If it is desirable to isolate the probing system performance as far as is practical, the influence of the CMM can be minimized but not eliminated. See Annex C for more information.

This document defines a number of specification operators for the specification of extended edge transition features between features. An edge transition feature is an integral feature connecting two adjacent integral features. The extended edge transition feature includes portions of the adjacent features. All these specifications apply to any line in a defined direction in the extended edge transition feature. This document also defines the specification modifiers and the drawing indications for such transition specifications. The proportions and dimensions of the graphical symbols to be used are also specified. The specifications defined in this document are suitable for relatively simple edge transition functions, for example ensuring assembly without interference. For more complex functions, geometrical tolerancing offers more precise tools. This document is by intention limited to only edge transition features between two planes and between a cylinder and a plane nominally perpendicular to it. Annex A gives the first approach for an algorithm to identify toleranced features and adjacent reference sections. This algorithm is subject to change as more experience is gathered. This document provides a set of tools to express several transition specifications. It does not present any information on the relationship between a function or a use and a transition specification. NOTE 1 Corners (the transition between three or more features) are not edge transition features and are consequently not covered by this document. NOTE 2 An edge transition feature exists between two single features. A defined edge transition feature has a defined nominal shape and is not sharp (r = 0).

This document provides the most important design and metrological characteristics of callipers — with analogue indication: vernier scale or circular scale (dial), and — with digital indication: digital display.

This document defines classes of geometrical defects that might be present on the surfaces of material measures and calibration specimens conforming to ISO 5436-1 and ISO 25178-70, and defines terms for ways of responding to these defects. This document is applicable as follows: a) to help customers and users of material measures for surface metrology specify their nominal features (ideal geometrical properties) when obtaining them from manufacturers and suppliers; b) to enable users of material measures to formulate their own rules and policies for responding to the occurrence of defects in such a way as to minimize the uncertainty of their own measurements; NOTE Such policies are required in ISO/IEC 17025:2017, 7.2.1.1, 7.2.1.3, 7.3.1 and 7.8.5 c) and d), for example. c) to enable calibration laboratories and their customers to agree on a common policy on how to treat defects on a material measure that has been sent for calibration; d) to educate users of material measures about the different significance and importance of different kinds of defect; e) for other GPS standards which make reference to the issue of selection of measuring locations, or selection of areas to be measured or avoided in measurement.

This document describes principles and tools to control a manufacturing process in accordance with a GPS specification. For this purpose a set of one or more complementary, independent characteristics (size, form, orientation, and location characteristics independent to each other) that correlate to the manufacturing process parameters and to the manufacturing process coordinate system established from the manufacturing datum system are used. This document describes the concept of decomposition of the macro-geometrical part of the GPS specification. It does not cover the micro-geometry, i.e. surface texture. The objective of the decomposition presented in this document is to define correction values for manufacturing control or to perform a statistical analysis of the process.

This document describes the influence quantities and instrument characteristics of confocal microscopy systems for areal measurement of surface topography. Because surface profiles can be extracted from surface topography images, the methods described in this document can be applied to profiling measurements as well.

This document specifies the metrological characteristics of areal instruments for measuring surface topography. Because surface profiles can be extracted from surface topography images, most of the terms defined in this document can also be applied to profiling measurements.

This document illustrates the ambiguity caused by the use of dimensional specifications to control properties other than linear or angular size and the benefit of using geometrical specifications instead. Dimensional tolerancing can be indicated by ± tolerancing or geometrical specifications. The ambiguity caused by using ± tolerances for dimensions other than linear or angular sizes (for individual tolerances and general tolerances according to, e.g. ISO 2768-1 and ISO 8062-3) is explained in Annex A. NOTE 1 The figures, as shown in this document, merely illustrate the text and are not intended to reflect actual usage. The figures are consequently simplified to indicate only the relevant principles. NOTE 2 For indications of dimensional specifications, see the following: — ISO 14405-1 for linear size; — ISO 14405-3 for angular size; — ISO 2538-1 and ISO 2538-2 for wedges; — ISO 3040 for cones. NOTE 3 The rules for geometrical specifications are given in ISO 1101.

This document specifies the general requirements, calibration, terms and definitions of characteristics of GPS measuring equipment, for example micrometers, callipers, gauge blocks and rotary axis form measuring instruments. This document forms the basis for standards defining and describing the design characteristics and metrological characteristics for measuring equipment and gives guidance for the development and content of standards for GPS measuring equipment. This document is intended to ease the communication between manufacturer/supplier and customer/user and to make the specification phase of GPS measuring equipment more accurate. This document is also intended as a tool to be used in companies in the process of defining and selecting relevant characteristics for measuring equipment. This document includes terms which are frequently used in connection with the characterization of specific measuring equipment.

This document establishes complementary rules to ISO 1101 to be applied to pattern specifications and defines rules to combine individual specifications, for geometrical specifications e.g. using the symbols POSITION, SYMMETRY, LINE PROFILE and SURFACE PROFILE, as well as STRAIGHTNESS (in the case where the toleranced features are nominally coaxial) and FLATNESS (in the case where the toleranced features are nominally coplanar) as listed in Annex C. These rules apply when a set of tolerance zones are grouped together with location or orientation constraints, through the use of the CZ, CZR or SIM modifiers. This document does not cover the use of the pattern specifications when the least and maximum material requirement is applied (see ISO 2692). This document does not cover the establishment of common datum (see ISO 5459) based on pattern features.

This document provides a list of all ISO geometrical product specification (GPS) and technical product documentation (TPD) standards for technical product specifications (TPS) in the mechanical engineering field. The document operates as an index to the many ISO standards applicable to a TPS by means of cross-reference, and, where appropriate, the subject references are supplemented by commentary and recommendations considered to be of significance but which are not otherwise covered.

ISO/TS 21619:2018 specifies the basic types of documents with geometrical product specifications (GPS), their relationship and their related terms and definitions.

ISO 17450-4:2017 specifies general rules for quantifying GPS deviations for individual GPS characteristics. NOTE GPS deviations can be local or global. A GPS characteristic defined from local GPS deviations is a parameter that transforms the set of local deviations into a global characteristic using a quantifying function (for more details, see Table 1).