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73.040 - Coals

ICS 73.040 Details

Coals

Kohle

Charbon

Premogi

General Information

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73 - MINING AND MINERALS

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Standardization Organization
Technical Committee
Directive
Mandate
50
ISO
ISO 17246:2024(Main)
Coal and coke — Proximate analysis

This document establishes a practice for the proximate analysis of coal and coke. It is intended for general utilization by the coal industry to provide a basis for comparison of coals and coke and for the determination of fixed carbon.

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ISO
ISO 1018:2023(Main)
Coal — Determination of moisture-holding capacity

This document makes reference to ASTM D1412 as a method of determining the moisture-holding capacity of coal.

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    2 pages
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ISO
ISO 14180:2023(Main)
Coal — Guidance on the sampling of coal seams

This document provides guidance on methods for taking samples from coal seams in the ground, whether from exploration areas or tenements, or from operating underground or open-cut mines. The following methods are described: a) sampling of small- or large-diameter holes; b) drill cuttings sampling; c) open-cut slot sampling; d) adit, drift or shaft sampling; e) pillar sampling; f) channel sampling; g) strip sampling. This document does not apply to sampling from moving streams in production or any other source of coal that is not in situ. Recommendations are made for selection and preparation of the sampling site, and methods are described for taking both small and bulk samples and for preparing the samples for transport. NOTE Annex A gives an example of a channel sample record form that can be used to record sampling and other relevant data, and ISO 13909 and ISO 18283 describe how to determine the mass of a representative sample at various nominal top sizes.

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    23 pages
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ISO
ISO 23604:2022(Main)
Method of determining specific surface area of coal

This document provides a method for determining the specific surface area of solid materials using gas adsorption. This document is applicable to the determination of specific surface area of coal, and other powder and porous materials including nano-powders and nano-grade porous materials with a determination range of 0,001 m2/g to 1 000 m2/g.

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    11 pages
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ISO
ISO/TS 4699:2022(Main)
Hard Coal — Determination of plastometric indices — Manual method

This document specifies a manual method for the determination of plastometric indices. These indices are the maximum thickness of the plastic layer (Y, mm) and the final contraction value (X, mm). This document is applicable for hard coals with a determined ash level less than 15 % on a dry basis, as described in ISO 11722 and ISO 1171.

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ISO
ISO 23380:2022(Main)
Coal — Selection of methods for the determination of trace elements — Guidance and requirements

This document provides guidance and requirements on the selection of methods used for the determination of trace elements in coal. The trace elements of environmental interest include antimony, arsenic, beryllium, boron, cadmium, chlorine, chromium, cobalt, copper, fluorine, lead, manganese, mercury, molybdenum, nickel, selenium, thallium, vanadium and zinc. The radioactive trace elements thorium and uranium can be added to this list. This document does not prescribe the methods used for the determination of individual trace elements. The analysis of appropriate certified reference materials (CRMs) is essential to confirm the accuracy of any method used (see ISO Guide 33).

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ISO
ISO 7936:2022(Main)
Coal — Determination and presentation of float and sink characteristics — General directions for apparatus and procedures

This document specifies general directions for the apparatus and procedures, using relative density separation methods, for determining the float and sink characteristics of samples from coal seams and of feed, products and rejects from coal preparation plants.

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ISO
ISO/TS 4667:2022(Main)
Coal — Determination of the thermal stability and thermal fragmentation

This document specifies methods for the determination of thermal stability and thermal fragmentation of coal. It is applicable to brown coal and lignites, anthracites and bituminous coal with a caking index of zero (determined by ISO 15585).

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    7 pages
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ISO
ISO/TS 20362:2022(Main)
Hard coal — Determination of plastometric indices — Automated Sapozhnikov penetration plastometer method

This document specifies a method for the determination of plastometric indices with an automated Sapozhnikov penetration plastometer. These indices are the maximum thickness of the plastic layer, Y, in mm, and the final contraction, X, in mm. This document is applicable to hard coals with a determined ash level of less than 15 % as dry basis as described in ISO 11722 and ISO 1171.

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ISO
ISO/TS 4676:2022(Main)
Coal — Determination of carboxyreactivity

This document specifies the method for determining the reactivity of coal with carbon dioxide (carboxyreactivity). It can be applied to determine the reactivity of coke for the purpose of gasification and combustion.

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    8 pages
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ISO
ISO 18283:2022(Main)
Coal and coke — Manual sampling

This document provides the basic terms used in manual sampling of coal and coke and describes the general principles of sampling. It provides procedures and requirements for establishing a manual sampling scheme, methods of manual sampling, sampling equipment, handling and storage of samples, sample preparation and a sampling report, and applies to manual sampling during the transfer of coal or coke. Guidelines for manual sampling in stationary situations are given in Annex B, but this method of sampling does not provide a representative test sample and the sampling report shall state this. This document covers sampling of brown coals and lignites, but does not include sampling from coal seams, for which guidance is given in ISO 14180. Mechanical sampling of coal and coke is covered in ISO 13909.

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ISO
ISO 5071-1:2021(Main)
Brown coals and lignites — Determination of the volatile matter in the analysis sample — Part 1: Two-furnace method

This document specifies a method of determining the volatile matter of brown coals and lignites.

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    8 pages
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    8 pages
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ISO
ISO 5073:2021(Main)
Brown coals and lignites — Determination of humic acids

This document specifies volumetric methods for the determination of total humic acids and free humic acid of brown coals and lignites.

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    7 pages
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ISO
ISO 5072:2021(Main)
Brown coals and lignites — Determination of true relative density and apparent relative density

This document describes methods for the determination of true relative density and the apparent relative density of brown coals and lignites.

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ISO
ISO 975:2021(Main)
Brown coals and lignites — Determination of yield of benzene-soluble extract — Semi-automatic method

This document specifies a semi-automatic method for determination of the yield of benzene-soluble extract in brown coals and lignites.

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    4 pages
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SIST
SIST ISO 334:2021(Main)
Coal and coke - Determination of total sulfur - Eschka method
ISO 334:2020

This document specifies a reference method for determining the total sulfur content of hard coal, brown coals and lignites, and coke by the Eschka method.

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ISO
ISO 1213-1:2020(Main)
Coal and coke — Vocabulary — Part 1: Terms relating to coal preparation

This document defines terms commonly employed in coal preparation. Note For terms relating to petrographic analysis, see ISO 7404-1.

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ISO
ISO 1170:2020(Main)
Coal and coke — Calculation of analyses to different bases
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ISO
ISO 17247:2020(Main)
Coal and coke — Ultimate analysis

This document establishes a practice for the ultimate analysis of coal and coke and is intended for general utilization by the coal and coke industries to provide a basis for comparison of coals and cokes.

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ISO
ISO 334:2020(Main)
Coal and coke — Determination of total sulfur — Eschka method
SIST ISO 334:2021

This document specifies a reference method for determining the total sulfur content of hard coal, brown coals and lignites, and coke by the Eschka method.

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ISO
ISO 20360:2020(Main)
Brown coals and lignites — Determination of the volatile matter in the analysis sample: one furnace method

This document specifies a method of determining the volatile matter of brown coals and lignites by the one furnace method.

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SIST
SIST ISO 12900:2020
Hard coal - Determination of abrasiveness
ISO 12900:2018

This document describes a method for determining the abrasiveness of hard coal.

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ISO
ISO 20904:2020(Main)
Hard coal — Sampling of slurries

This document sets out the basic methods for sampling fine coal, coal rejects or tailings of nominal top size The procedures described in this document primarily apply to sampling of coal that is transported in moving streams as a slurry. These streams can fall freely or be confined in pipes, launders, chutes, spirals or similar channels. Sampling of slurries in stationary situations, such as a settled or even a well-stirred slurry in a tank, holding vessel or dam, is not recommended and is not covered in this Document. This document describes procedures that are designed to provide samples representative of the slurry solids and particle size distribution of the slurry under examination. After draining the slurry sample of fluid and measuring the fluid volume, damp samples of the contained solids in the slurry are available for drying (if required) and measurement of one or more characteristics in an unbiased manner and with a known degree of precision. The characteristics are measured by chemical analysis or physical testing or both. The sampling methods described are applicable to slurries that require inspection to verify compliance with product specifications, determination of the value of a characteristic as a basis for settlement between trading partners or estimation of a set of average characteristics and variances that describes a system or procedure. Provided flow rates are not too high, the reference method against which other sampling procedures are compared is one where the entire stream is diverted into a vessel for a specified time or volume interval. This method corresponds to the stopped-belt method described in ISO 13909-2.

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ISO
ISO 349:2020(Main)
Hard coal — Audibert-Arnu dilatometer test

This document specifies a method for determining the swelling properties of hard coal when heated under standard conditions in a dilatometer.

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    15 pages
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ISO
ISO 15585:2019(Main)
Hard coal — Determination of caking index

This document specifies a method of determination of caking index of hard coal. It is applicable to the evaluation of caking power of bituminous coal with random reflectance of vitrinite, Rr, greater than 0,6 % and less than or equal to 1,8 % (>0,6 % and ≤1,8 %).

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ISO
ISO 21398:2019(Main)
Hard coal and coke — Guidance to the inspection of mechanical sampling systems

This document sets out recommended practices for the inspection of mechanical sampling systems. It serves as a guide for conformance with applicable ISO/TC 27 standards. This document covers general considerations including precision, mineral variability and bias, establishment of inspection systems and inspection procedure.

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ISO
ISO 8858-1:2019(Main)
Hard coal — Froth flotation testing — Part 1: Laboratory procedure

This document sets out a laboratory procedure for the froth flotation testing of fine coal, e.g. coal of particle size less than 0,5 mm. The procedure provides a means of evaluating the general flotation characteristics of a coal under a set of specified standard conditions, and will not necessarily indicate the full flotation potential of that coal. The flotation characteristics of coals are sensitive to changes in flotation conditions. These conditions can be changed by varying basic parameters such as flotation time, reagent and dosage rate. Separate flotation tests are used to assess the effect of varying these parameters to determine the best flotation conditions for a particular coal. A method of evaluating flotation response will be given in a separate standard.

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ISO
ISO 10086-1:2019(Main)
Coal — Methods for evaluating flocculants for use in coal preparation — Part 1: Basic parameters

This document specifies a method for the comparative evaluation of the performances of flocculants for clarification, thickening and sedimentation applications on a given slurry. This performance can be evaluated by a) the settling velocity in the initial period, b) the sediment volume after compaction and consolidation, and c) the clarity of the supernatant liquid.

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ISO
ISO 11724:2019(Main)
Solid mineral fuels — Determination of total fluorine in coal, coke and fly ash

This document specifies a method for the determination of total fluorine in coal, coke and fly ash. From measurement of the total fluorine alone, it is not possible to estimate the amount of fluorine released to the environment by utilization of the coal and subsequent disposal of the ash residue.

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ISO
ISO 11760:2018(Main)
Classification of coals

This document describes a simple classification system for coals providing — guidance on the selection of the appropriate ISO standard procedures for the analyses and testing of coals, — international comparison of coals in terms of some key characteristics, — descriptive categorization of coals. The system is applicable to coals of all ranks, but care is required in relation to the classification of some types of coal. The system can be applied to a wide range of representative coal samples, provided their exact nature is stated. Such samples include bore-core seam sections and composite samples, raw (as-mined) coal, washed coal, blends of coals of similar rank and selected, specified size fractions. The system provides a broad framework within which coals can be assessed. The selection of coals for a specific use requires detailed information that enables the likely performance of a coal in a particular application to be anticipated. The wide-ranging list of ISO analyses and test procedures for coals serve this purpose. The selection of the appropriate procedures to be used in assessing a coal depends on the intended use.

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ISO
ISO 12900:2018(Main)
Hard coal — Determination of abrasiveness
SIST ISO 12900:2020

This document describes a method for determining the abrasiveness of hard coal.

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ISO
ISO 13605:2018(Main)
Solid mineral fuels — Major and minor elements in coal ash and coke ash — Wavelength dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometric method

This document sets out a wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (XRF) procedure for the determination of silicon, aluminium, iron, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, titanium, manganese, phosphorus and sulfur.

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ISO
ISO 7404-4:2017(Main)
Methods for the petrographic analysis of coals — Part 4: Method of determining microlithotype, carbominerite and minerite composition

ISO 7404-4:2017 specifies a method, using a graticule with 20 crossline intersections, for determining the proportions of microlithotypes, carbominerite and minerite in coals. It applies only to determinations made on polished particulate blocks using reflected white light (about 400 nm to 700 nm). Additional blue, blue-violet or UV light excitation (365 nm to 440 nm) for better identification of liptinite in fluorescence may be used especially at low rank coals.

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ISO
ISO 10329:2017(Main)
Coal — Determination of plastic properties — Constant-torque Gieseler plastometer method

ISO 10329:2017 specifies a method for obtaining a relative measure of the plastic behaviour of coal when heated under prescribed conditions. The method is used to obtain values of the plastic properties of coals and blends used in carbonization and in other situations where determination of plastic behaviour of coals is of practical importance. NOTE The empirical nature of this test requires proper equipment calibration to produce fluidity readings which are a true indication of the relative plastic behaviour of the coal.

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ISO
ISO 647:2017(Main)
Brown coals and lignites — Determination of the yields of tar, water, gas and coke residue by low temperature distillation

ISO 647:2017 specifies a method for the determination of the yields of tar, water, gas and coke residue obtained from brown coal and lignite by distillation to a final temperature of 520 °C.

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    8 pages
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    8 pages
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ISO
ISO 1213-2:2016(Main)
Solid mineral fuels — Vocabulary — Part 2: Terms relating to sampling, testing and analysis

ISO 1213-2:2016 defines terms commonly employed in the sampling, testing and analysis of solid mineral fuels. Alternative names are given for several terms. In some cases, however, the use of the alternative name is deprecated (as indicated). An alphabetical index, with numerical cross reference is provided.

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ISO
ISO 15238:2016(Main)
Solid mineral fuels — Determination of total cadmium content of coal

ISO 15238:2016 specifies a procedure for the determination of the total cadmium content of coal. This procedure has not been validated with coals that spontaneously ignite. Prior to use with such sample types, users should validate the method.

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ISO
ISO 15237:2016(Main)
Solid mineral fuels — Determination of total mercury content of coal

ISO 15237:2016 specifies a procedure for the determination of the total mercury content of coal.

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ISO
ISO 11723:2016(Main)
Solid mineral fuels — Determination of arsenic and selenium — Eschka's mixture and hydride generation method

ISO 11723:2016 specifies a method using Eschka's mixture during ashing, extraction of the ash residue with acid, and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry or hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry, for the determination of arsenic and selenium in solid mineral fuels.

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ISO
ISO 13909-8:2016(Main)
Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 8: Methods of testing for bias

ISO 13909-8:2016 sets out principles and procedures for testing the bias of test samples of hard coals or cokes, taken in accordance with ISO 13909: 2016 (all parts). NOTE In the text, the term "fuel" is used where both coal and coke would be applicable in the context and either "coal" or "coke" where only one is applicable.

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ISO
ISO 13909-7:2016(Main)
Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 7: Methods for determining the precision of sampling, sample preparation and testing

In ISO 13909-7:2016, formulae are developed which link the variables that contribute to overall sampling precision. Methods are described for estimating overall precision and for deriving values for primary increment variance which can be used to modify the sampling scheme to change the precision. Methods for checking the variance of sample preparation and testing are also described.

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ISO
ISO 13909-1:2016(Main)
Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 1: General introduction

ISO 13909-1:2016 defines the basic terms used in the sampling of solid mineral fuels, describes the general principles of sampling and details the information to be provided in the documentation and the sampling report. It also lists the other parts and gives guidance on the selection of the appropriate part. It does not include sampling of brown coals and lignites, or sampling from coal seams, for which guidance is given in ISO 14180. Manual sampling of coal and coke is covered in ISO 18283.

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ISO
ISO 13909-3:2016(Main)
Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 3: Coal — Sampling from stationary lots

ISO 13909-3:2016 specifies procedures for the mechanical sampling of coal from stationary lots, for example, from wagons, barges, ships and stockpiles. These procedures are to be used when it is not possible to sample the lots during loading or discharge according to ISO 13909‑2:2016. Procedures for sample preparation are given in ISO 13909‑4:2016. ISO 13909-3:2016 is applicable to mechanical sampling from stationary coal lots, to obtain samples from which test samples for the determination of moisture, and for general analysis including physical and chemical tests, can be prepared in accordance with the requirements and recommendations set out in ISO 13909‑4:2016. In ISO 13909-3:2016, the principles and procedures for designing a sampling scheme are given, together with typical examples of applications; in addition, practices for the execution of sampling in different sampling situations are described. The methods described are limited to those on which it is possible to conduct a test for bias.

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ISO
ISO 13909-4:2016(Main)
Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 4: Coal — Preparation of test samples

ISO 13909-4:2016 describes the preparation of samples of coal from the combination of primary increments to the preparation of samples for specific tests.

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ISO
ISO 13909-2:2016(Main)
Hard coal and coke — Mechanical sampling — Part 2: Coal — Sampling from moving streams

ISO 13909-2:1016 specifies procedures and requirements for the design and establishment of mechanical samplers for the sampling of coal from moving streams and describes the methods of sampling used. It does not cover mechanical sampling from stationary lots which is dealt with in ISO 13909‑3[1].

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SIST
SIST ISO 602:2016
Coal - Determination of mineral matter
ISO 602:2015

This International Standard specifies a method of determining the amount of mineral matter in all types
of coal, including brown coals and lignites.

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SIST
SIST ISO 502:2016
Coal - Determination of caking power - Gray-King coke test
ISO 502:2015

This International Standard specifies a method of assessing the caking power of coal under standard
conditions.

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SIST
SIST ISO 1953:2016
Hard coal - Size analysis by sieving
ISO 1953:2015

This International Standard specifies reference methods for the size analysis of coal by manual sieving
(wet or dry), using test sieves of aperture sizes between 125 mm and 45 μm. A guide to sampling is
given in Annex A.
This International Standard is applicable to all hard coals. It is not applicable to coke or other
manufactured fuels.
In the case of pulverized coal which has been ground so that a high proportion passes through the test
sieve of smallest aperture size, the methods described in this International Standard will determine
only the percentage oversize.

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SIST
SIST ISO 5074:2016
Hard coal - Determination of Hardgrove grindability index
ISO 5074:2015

This International Standard specifies the method for determining the grindability index of hard coal
using the Hardgrove machine. It also specifies the procedure for calibrating the test machine and for
preparing the standard reference coal samples.
NOTE In this International Standard, the term “hard coal” is used as an indication of maturity or rank in the
coalification sequence and is not related to the physical properties of the coal.

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ISO
ISO 7404-1:2016(Main)
Methods for the petrographic analysis of coals — Part 1: Vocabulary

ISO 7404-1:2016 defines terms that are used in connection with both maceral and microlithotype analyses, and with the determination of the reflectance of vitrinite. It applies to the terms used in the examination of coal of all ranks. ISO 7404-1:2016 is not intended to be a comprehensive glossary of coal petrographic terminology, nor does it attempt to provide sufficient information to allow recognition of all the coal components described. Further information may be obtained from the relevant ICCP publications[3][4][5].

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