73.040 - Coals
ICS 73.040 Details
Coals
Kohle
Charbon
Premogi
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 73.040 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Coals". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 618 standards classified under ICS 73.040 (Coals). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document describes a laboratory method for release evaluation of the froth flotation characteristics of hard coal, of particle size less than 0,5 mm. It is applicable to coal in powder form or in the form of a slurry.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method, using a graticule with 20 crossline intersections, for determining the proportions of microlithotypes, carbominerite and minerite in coals. It applies only to determinations made on polished particulate blocks using reflected white light. Additional blue, blue-violet or UV light excitation for better identification of liptinite in fluorescence can be used especially for low rank coals.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the methods for determining the reflectance of vitrinite of coals microscopically on polished surfaces, immersed in oil. The methods are applicable to coals from single seams or coal blends covering the whole range of low-, medium- and high-rank coal. Vitrinite reflectance measurements can be used to characterize the components within blends. Measures can be taken to correct for the vitrinite percentage within each of the components of the blend or to determine the proportion of components in a blend, particularly when the components have dissimilar vitrinite contents. This method necessitates the identification of vitrinite by the analyst. Reflectance measurements on vitrinite, obtained by interpreting the results from an automated system, are outside the scope of this document.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for determining the proportions of the maceral groups (and the minerals, if desired) in coals. It is concerned only with determinations made on polished particulate blocks using incident white light. For lower-rank coals, the additional use of the fluorescence mode is necessary to identify liptinites.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods for preparing a polished particulate block from a sample of crushed coal for analysis by reflected light microscopy. These methods can also be applied to the preparation of a polished, embedded lump of coal.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines terms that are used in connection with both maceral and microlithotype analyses, and with the determination of the reflectance of vitrinite. It applies to the terms used in the examination of coal of all ranks and types. This document is not intended to be a comprehensive glossary of coal petrographic terminology, nor does it attempt to provide sufficient information to allow recognition of all the coal components described.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document establishes a classification of brown coals and lignites by types on the basis of total moisture mass fraction and tar yield.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies reference methods for the size analysis of coal by manual sieving (wet or dry), using test sieves of aperture sizes between 90 mm and 45 μm. A guide to sampling is given in Annex A. This document is applicable to all coals. It is not applicable to coke. In the case of pulverized coal which has been ground so that a high proportion passes through the test sieve of the smallest aperture size, the methods of this document determine only the mass fraction oversize expressed as a percent.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document describes a method for the measurement of the swelling properties of hard coal using a dilatometer.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document sets out principles and procedures for testing the bias of test samples of coals or cokes, taken according to the ISO 13909 series.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of the gross calorific value of coal and coke at constant volume and at the reference temperature of 25 °C in a combustion vessel calorimeter calibrated by combustion of certified benzoic acid. The result obtained is the gross calorific value of the analysis sample at constant volume with all the water of the combustion products as liquid water. In practice, fuel is burned at constant (atmospheric) pressure and the water is not condensed but is removed as vapour with the flue gases. Under these conditions, the operative heat of combustion is the net calorific value of the fuel at constant pressure. The net calorific value at constant volume can also be used; formulae are given for calculating both values. General principles and procedures for the calibrations and the fuel tests are specified in the main text, whereas those pertaining to the use of a particular type of calorimetric instrument are described in Annexes A to C. Annex D contains checklists for performing calibration and fuel tests using specified types of calorimeters. Annex E gives examples illustrating some of the calculations. Annex F provides guidance around safe use, maintenance and testing of the calorimeter combustion vessel. NOTE Descriptors: solid fuels, coal, coke, tests, determination, calorific value, rules of calculation, calorimetry.
- Standard61 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method of determining the amount of mineral matter in all types of coal, including brown coals and lignites.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method of determining the characteristic fusion temperatures of ash from hard coal. NOTE Descriptors: fossil fuels, ash, ashes, tests, high temperature tests, determination, and fusibility.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method of determining the total carbon and the total hydrogen in coal and coke, by the Liebig method.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies procedures and requirements for the design and establishment of mechanical samplers for the sampling of coal from moving streams and describes the methods of sampling used. It does not cover mechanical sampling from stationary lots, which is dealt with in ISO 13909-3.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies procedures and requirements for the design and establishment of sampling schemes for the mechanical sampling of coke from moving streams and the methods of sampling used. The diversity of types of equipment for sampling and the conditions under which mechanical sampling is performed make it inappropriate to specify standard designs for samplers which will be applicable to all situations.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document defines the basic terms used in the sampling of coal and coke, describes the general principles of sampling and details the information to be provided in the documentation and the sampling report. It also lists the other parts of the ISO 13909 series and gives guidance on the selection of the appropriate part. The ISO 13909 series also includes sampling of brown coals and lignites.
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This document defines methods for estimating overall precision and for deriving values for primary increment variance which can be used to modify the sampling scheme to change the precision. Methods for checking the variance of sample preparation and testing are also described. In this document, formulae are developed which link the variables that contribute to overall sampling precision.
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This document describes the preparation of samples of coke from the combination of primary increments to the preparation of samples for specific tests.
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This document describes the preparation of samples of coal from the combination of primary increments to the preparation of samples for specific tests.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies procedures for the mechanical sampling of coal from stationary lots, for example, from wagons, barges, ships and stockpiles. These procedures are to be used when it is not possible to sample the lots during loading or discharge according to ISO 13909-2. Procedures for sample preparation are given in ISO 13909-4. This document is applicable to mechanical sampling from stationary coal lots, to obtain samples from which test samples for the determination of moisture, and for general analysis including physical and chemical tests, can be prepared in accordance with the requirements and recommendations set out in ISO 13909-4. In this document, the principles and procedures for designing a sampling scheme are given, together with typical examples of applications; in addition, practices for the execution of sampling in different sampling situations are described. The methods described are limited to those on which it is possible to conduct a test for bias.
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This document describes the extraction from coal by dilute hydrochloric acid and determination of extractable sodium, potassium, calcium, iron and magnesium.
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This document specifies a procedure for the determination of the total cadmium mass fraction of coal.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a reduced molybdophosphate photometric method for the determination of the total phosphorus mass fraction of hard coal, lignites and coke. Two methods for taking the phosphorus into solution are specified, namely extraction from the coal or coke ash with acid or by repeated oxidation of the coal or coke, by acid, to remove carbonaceous matter.
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This document specifies a method using Eschka's mixture during ashing, extraction of the ash residue with acid, and hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry or hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry, for the determination of arsenic and selenium in solid mineral fuels. The method is also applicable for the determination of the analytes by hydride generation inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.
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This document specifies a method of determining the mass fraction of acetone-soluble material (“resinous substance”) in the benzene-soluble extract from brown coals and lignites. NOTE The acetone extract also contains a mass fraction of wax dissolved simultaneously with the "resinous substance".
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This document specifies a method of determining the total carbon and the total hydrogen in coal and coke by a high temperature combustion method.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for obtaining a relative measure of the plastic behaviour of hard coal when heated under prescribed conditions. The method is used to obtain values of the plastic properties of coals and blends used in carbonization and in other situations where determination of plastic behaviour of coals is of practical importance. NOTE The empirical nature of this test requires proper equipment calibration to produce fluidity readings which are a true indication of the relative plastic behaviour of the coal.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies methods of determining the sulfate and pyritic sulfur mass fraction of coals, and of calculating the amount of organic sulfur present.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a procedure for the determination of the total mercury mass fraction of coal.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the Gray-King coke method of assessing the caking power of hard coal under standard conditions.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of the moisture in the analysis sample of brown coals and lignites using an indirect gravimetric method.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies two methods for determination of the total moisture of brown coals and lignites using an indirect gravimetric single-stage method and a two-stage method.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for determining the swelling properties of hard coal when heated in a covered crucible. NOTE The "crucible swelling number" (CSN) is also known as the "free swelling index" (FSI).
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies an alternative method of determining the total sulfur mass fraction of coal and coke by high-temperature combustion by Coulomb titration.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of total carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen in coal and coke by instrumental methods. NOTE This document has been validated for coal only, in accordance with the principles of ISO 5725-1. The suite of samples used in the interlaboratory study (ILS) to determine the precision data did not include coke and therefore there is insufficient data to state precision limits for coke.
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This document sets out a laboratory procedure for the dust testing of higher rank coals. The procedure defines a means of evaluating the dust/moisture relationship characteristic of a coal and a dust extinction moisture (DEM). NOTE In this document, an experimental dust number of 10 has been used in the example given in Annex A.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document sets out a laboratory sequential procedure for the froth flotation testing of fine coal, e.g. coal having a particle size of less than 0,5 mm. The procedure provides a means of evaluating the flotation characteristics for coal (expressed as a yield/ash relationship) that can be expected from the froth flotation process. This document does not apply to pulp samples that cannot be dewatered without the use of heat or chemical additives. This document does not apply to procedures for the investigation of flotation kinetics. The test is not intended to provide plant design data. This document is intended to be read in conjunction with ISO 8858-1.
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This document specifies a method of determining the volatile matter of hard coal and of coke. It is not applicable to brown coals and lignites.
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This document defines terms commonly employed in the sampling, testing and analysis of coal (3.39) and coke (3.42). Alternative names are given for several terms. In some cases, the use of the alternative name is deprecated (as indicated).
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This document establishes a practice for the proximate analysis of coal and coke. It is intended for general utilization by the coal industry to provide a basis for comparison of coals and coke and for the determination of fixed carbon.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The design of most coal combustion and coal conversion equipment anticipates that the ash either remain solid or assume some degree of fluidity, depending on the particular design. Ash fusibility temperatures help predict whether the ash will perform properly in the process for which the coal was chosen.
5.2 Ash fusibility temperature values are used in various equations to predict the slagging tendency of ashes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the observation of the temperatures at which triangular pyramids (cones) prepared from coal and coke ash attain and pass through certain defined stages of fusing and flow when heated at a specified rate in controlled, mildly reducing, and where desired, oxidizing atmospheres.
1.2 The test method is empirical, and strict observance of the requirements and conditions is necessary to obtain reproducible temperatures and enable different laboratories to obtain concordant results.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3.1 All percentages are percent mass fractions unless otherwise noted.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Canister desorption is a widely used technique to measure the gas in coal. The gas level data when normalized to volume/mass and multiplied by coal mass is used to estimate the gas volume in place in an area around the cored well.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes methods for the direct determination of the gas in coal by desorption using samples obtained by drill coring methods from the surface. It sets out guidelines for the equipment construction, sample preparation and testing procedure, and method of calculation.
1.2 Indirect methods for the determination of the gas in coal (not covered in this practice) are based on either the gas absorption characteristics of coal under a given pressure and temperature condition or other empirical data that relate the gas in coal to such other parameters as coal rank, depth of cover, or gas emission rate.
1.3 This practice covers the following two direct methods, which vary only in the time allowed for the gas to desorb from the core, or sidewall core, before final crushing:
1.3.1 The slow desorption method in which volumetric readings of gas volume are taken frequently (for example, every 10 min to 15 min) during the first few hours, followed by hourly measurements for several hours, and then measurements on 24-h intervals until no or very little gas is being desorbed for an extended period of time.
1.3.2 The fast desorption method in which after initial desorbed gas measurements to obtain data for lost gas calculations are taken, the canister is opened and the sample is transferred to the coal crusher. The remaining gas volume is measured on a crushed sample.
1.4 This practice is confined to the direct method using core, or sidewall core obtained from drilling. The practice can be applied to drill cuttings samples; however, the use of cuttings is not recommended because the results may be misleading and are difficult to compare to the results obtained from core desorption. The interpretation of the results does not fall within the scope of the practice.
1.5 Units-The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Moisture, as determined by this instrumental test method, is used for calculating other analytical results to a dry basis using procedures in Practice D3180.
5.2 Moisture can be used in conjunction with the air-dry moisture loss determined by Test Method D3302 to determine total moisture in coal. Total moisture is used for calculating other analytical results to an as-received basis using Practice D3180.
5.3 Ash yield is the residue remaining after heating the coal and coke samples (see Note 1).
Note 1: The ash obtained differs in composition and amount from the mineral constituents present in the original coal. Combustion causes an expulsion of all water, the loss of carbon dioxide from carbonates, the conversion of iron pyrite into iron oxides and sulfur oxides, and other chemical reactions. Ash yield, as determined by this test method, can differ from the amount of ash produced in furnace operations or other combustion systems because combustion conditions influence the chemistry and amount of ash.
5.4 Ash yield is used, (1) as a parameter for evaluating sampling procedures and coal cleaning processes, (2) in the ultimate analysis calculation of oxygen by difference using Practice D3176, (3) in calculations including material balance, reactivity and yields of products relevant to coal conversion processes such as gasification and liquefaction, (4) in calculations to estimate the loading on electrostatic precipitators and on the fly ash and bottom ash disposal systems as well as erosion rates on boiler systems.
5.5 Volatile matter yield, when determined as herein described, may be used to (1) indicate coke yield on carbonization, (2) provide the basis for purchasing and selling, or (3) establish combustion characteristics.
5.6 Fixed carbon is a calculated value. It is the difference between 100 % and the sum of the mass fractions, in %, of moisture, ash, and volatile matter. All mass fractions shall be on the same moisture reference base.
...
SCOPE
1.1 These instrumental test methods cover the determination of moisture, volatile matter, and ash, and the calculation of fixed carbon in the analysis of coal and coke samples prepared in accordance with Practice D2013 and Practice D346.
1.2 These instrumental test methods are not applicable to thermogravimetric analyzers using microgram size samples.
1.3 Test Methods D3173, D3174, and D3175 shall be considered the referee test methods.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology defines the technical terms used in standards that are the responsibility of Committee D05 on Coal and Coke. The terms are used in:
1.1.1 The sampling of coal and coke under conditions required for most commercial and technical purposes related to coal and coke.
1.1.2 Bias and related statistical testing,
1.1.3 The description of coal, both visually in the field and microscopically in the laboratory,
1.1.4 Chemical and physical analyses of coal and coke,
1.1.5 Classification of coal, and
1.1.6 Certain other related practices and guides applicable to the coal and coke industries.
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document makes reference to ASTM D1412 as a method of determining the moisture-holding capacity of coal.
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This document provides guidance on methods for taking samples from coal seams in the ground, whether from exploration areas or tenements, or from operating underground or open-cut mines. The following methods are described: a) sampling of small- or large-diameter holes; b) drill cuttings sampling; c) open-cut slot sampling; d) adit, drift or shaft sampling; e) pillar sampling; f) channel sampling; g) strip sampling. This document does not apply to sampling from moving streams in production or any other source of coal that is not in situ. Recommendations are made for selection and preparation of the sampling site, and methods are described for taking both small and bulk samples and for preparing the samples for transport. NOTE Annex A gives an example of a channel sample record form that can be used to record sampling and other relevant data, and ISO 13909 and ISO 18283 describe how to determine the mass of a representative sample at various nominal top sizes.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Moisture adds mass to the coke and serves no useful purpose. A knowledge of the moisture content is important in the purchase and sale of green petroleum coke, both of which are conducted on a dry basis.
5.2 The collection of the sample as specified for the Drying Oven Method is intended for the express purpose of determining the total moisture of green petroleum coke. The standard is available to producers, sellers, and consumers for determination when other techniques or modifications are not mutually agreed on.
5.3 The Preparation Procedure is used only when sample contains free water. Obtaining a representative sample of a coke source is compounded by the presence of free water.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers both the preparation procedure for samples containing free water (air drying loss (ADL) on gross moisture samples) and the determination of the gross moisture content of green petroleum coke.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method, in addition to indicating the caking properties of a coal when burned as a fuel, can be used to give a broad indication of the degree of oxidation of a coal.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method2 is a small-scale, empirical test for obtaining information regarding the free-swelling properties of a coal. The results may be used as an indication of the caking characteristic of the coal when burned as a fuel. This test is not recommended as a method for the determination of expansion of coals in coke ovens.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or non-SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SCOPE
1.1 This practice primarily references Practice D2234/D2234M and applies its sampling principles to green petroleum coke. Green petroleum coke is typically more homogeneous than coal and this practice provides specific guidance for the application of D05.05 coal standards to the sampling of green petroleum coke.
1.1.1 Practice D2234/D2234M references the four conditions of collecting sample increments: Condition A (Stopped Belt Cut), Condition B (Full-stream Cut), Condition C (Part-stream Cut), and Condition D (Stationary Sampling). This practice directs the user to the appropriate coal standard to apply to each condition, as well as key considerations.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off