91.100.10 - Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
ICS 91.100.10 Details
Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar
Zement. Gips. Kalk. Mortel
Ciment. Plâtre. Chaux. Mortier
Cement. Mavec. Apno. Malta
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 91.100.10 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 2261 standards classified under ICS 91.100.10 (Cement. Gypsum. Lime. Mortar). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document defines terms, which are used in the production and application of screed material and floor screeds.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish, French and German languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the methods for the chemical analysis of cement.
This document describes the reference methods and, in certain cases, an alternative method which can be considered to be equivalent. In the case of a dispute, only the reference methods are used.
An alternative performance-based method using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is described for SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, P2O5, Mn2O3, SrO, Cl and Br. This method is based on beads of fused sample and analytical validation using certified reference materials, together with performance criteria. A method based on pressed pellets of un-fused sample can be considered as equivalent, providing that the analytical performance satisfies the same criteria.
An alternative performance-based method using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) is described for SO3.
When correctly calibrated according to the specified procedures and reference materials, XRF and ICP-OES provides methods equivalent to the reference methods but has not been validated for use yet as a reference procedure for conformity and dispute purposes. They can be applied to other relevant elements when adequate calibrations have been established.
Any other methods can be used provided they are calibrated, either against the reference methods or against internationally accepted reference materials, in order to demonstrate their equivalence.
This document describes methods which apply principally to cements, but which can also be applied to their constituent materials. They can also be applied to other materials, the standards for which call up these methods. Standard specifications state which methods are to be used.
- Standard88 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines terms, which are used in the production and application of screed material and floor screeds.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish, French and German languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the methods for the chemical analysis of cement.
This document describes the reference methods and, in certain cases, an alternative method which can be considered to be equivalent. In the case of a dispute, only the reference methods are used.
An alternative performance-based method using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is described for SiO2, Al2O3, Fe2O3, CaO, MgO, SO3, K2O, Na2O, TiO2, P2O5, Mn2O3, SrO, Cl and Br. This method is based on beads of fused sample and analytical validation using certified reference materials, together with performance criteria. A method based on pressed pellets of un-fused sample can be considered as equivalent, providing that the analytical performance satisfies the same criteria.
An alternative performance-based method using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) is described for SO3.
When correctly calibrated according to the specified procedures and reference materials, XRF and ICP-OES provides methods equivalent to the reference methods but has not been validated for use yet as a reference procedure for conformity and dispute purposes. They can be applied to other relevant elements when adequate calibrations have been established.
Any other methods can be used provided they are calibrated, either against the reference methods or against internationally accepted reference materials, in order to demonstrate their equivalence.
This document describes methods which apply principally to cements, but which can also be applied to their constituent materials. They can also be applied to other materials, the standards for which call up these methods. Standard specifications state which methods are to be used.
- Standard88 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the CM method for determining the moisture content of cementitious screed, calcium sulphate screed and magnesite screed made according to EN 13813.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for determining the dimensional stability (i.e. the shrinkage and swelling) of cementitious screed, calcium sulphate screed, magnesite screed and synthetic resin screed materials made in accordance with EN 13892-1.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the CM method for determining the moisture content of cementitious screed, calcium sulphate screed and magnesite screed made according to EN 13813.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for determining the dimensional stability (i.e. the shrinkage and swelling) of cementitious screed, calcium sulphate screed, magnesite screed and synthetic resin screed materials made in accordance with EN 13892-1.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from hardened cement based site-applied or site-formed materials (including pre-packaged mortars) into test waters after contact with the products. It also covers determination of migration from individual constituents of cement based products and materials (see Annexes A and B) and from associated non-cement based products for approval purposes (see Annex C).
Site-applied or site-formed cement based materials which cannot be cast as cubes or prisms e.g. some spray applied systems, fall in the scope of EN 14944−3 and not under this standard.
This document is applicable to site-applied or site-formed cement based materials intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water. It is also applicable to individual constituents of cement based products/materials and to associated non-cement based products/materials.
NOTE Tests with the specified test water will not necessarily be representative of materials used in different kinds of waters and especially very soft waters.
- Standard54 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method to determine the influence of site-applied cement based materials and associated non-cement based products/materials (including pre-packaged mortars) on the odour, flavour, colour, turbidity and total organic carbon (TOC) of test waters after contact with the products.
This document is applicable to site-applied or site-formed cement based materials intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water. It is also applicable to individual constituents of cement based products/materials and to associated non-cement based products/materials.
Site-applied or site-formed cement based materials which cannot be cast as cubes or prisms e.g. some spray applied systems, should be tested as factory made cement based products according to EN 14944−1.
NOTE Tests with the specified test water will not necessarily be representative of materials used in different kinds of waters and especially very soft waters.
- Standard56 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies definitions, characteristics and requirements for shrinkage reducing admixtures for use in concrete.
It covers admixtures for plain, reinforced and prestressed concrete which are used in site mixed, ready mixed concrete and precast concrete.
The performance requirements in this document apply to admixtures used in concrete of normal consistence. They might not be applicable to admixtures intended for other types of concrete such as semi dry and earth moist mixes.
Provisions governing the practical application of admixtures in the production of concrete, i.e. requirements concerning composition, mixing, placing, curing, etc. of concrete containing admixtures are not part of this document.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies two equivalent test methods to assess the chemical reactivity of a pozzolanic or latent hydraulic cement constituent or concrete addition by measurements of heat of hydration (see Clause 5 and 8.3 Method A, Heat of Hydration) or bound water content (see Clause 5 and 8.4 Method B, Bound Water Content) of hydrated pastes composed of the cement constituent or concrete addition, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, potassium sulfate, and potassium hydroxide cured at 40 °C for 72 h and 168 h (3 days and 7 days).
These two test methods measure chemical reactivity of test specimens intended for use as cementitious materials, such as cement constituents and concrete additions. The test methods do not distinguish between latent hydraulic and pozzolanic reactivity.
The test methods are used for qualification purposes if the cement constituents or concrete additions are tested at the fineness as specified by the respective product standards. In the absence of a product standard or a specification in the product standard, the constituents are tested at the fineness of the intended use.
NOTE In case the test methods are used for purposes of comparison of intrinsic reactivity, cement constituents are tested at similar fineness, where possible.
The test methods are also used for testing other new constituents that are latent hydraulic or pozzolanic and that are not covered by EN 197 series product standards. However, for such new constituents the validity of the underlying correlations with strength development have not been verified; in consequence the test results can only be used for informative and indicative purposes.
Furthermore, these test methods are used in manufacturing control of cement constituents for assessing their latent hydraulic or pozzolanic reactivity.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies two equivalent test methods to assess the chemical reactivity of a pozzolanic or latent hydraulic cement constituent or concrete addition by measurements of heat of hydration (see Clause 5 and 8.3 Method A, Heat of Hydration) or bound water content (see Clause 5 and 8.4 Method B, Bound Water Content) of hydrated pastes composed of the cement constituent or concrete addition, calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, potassium sulfate, and potassium hydroxide cured at 40 °C for 72 h and 168 h (3 days and 7 days).
These two test methods measure chemical reactivity of test specimens intended for use as cementitious materials, such as cement constituents and concrete additions. The test methods do not distinguish between latent hydraulic and pozzolanic reactivity.
The test methods are used for qualification purposes if the cement constituents or concrete additions are tested at the fineness as specified by the respective product standards. In the absence of a product standard or a specification in the product standard, the constituents are tested at the fineness of the intended use.
NOTE In case the test methods are used for purposes of comparison of intrinsic reactivity, cement constituents are tested at similar fineness, where possible.
The test methods are also used for testing other new constituents that are latent hydraulic or pozzolanic and that are not covered by EN 197 series product standards. However, for such new constituents the validity of the underlying correlations with strength development have not been verified; in consequence the test results can only be used for informative and indicative purposes.
Furthermore, these test methods are used in manufacturing control of cement constituents for assessing their latent hydraulic or pozzolanic reactivity.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies definitions, characteristics and requirements for shrinkage reducing admixtures for use in concrete.
It covers admixtures for plain, reinforced and prestressed concrete which are used in site mixed, ready mixed concrete and precast concrete.
The performance requirements in this document apply to admixtures used in concrete of normal consistence. They might not be applicable to admixtures intended for other types of concrete such as semi dry and earth moist mixes.
Provisions governing the practical application of admixtures in the production of concrete, i.e. requirements concerning composition, mixing, placing, curing, etc. of concrete containing admixtures are not part of this document.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides the methods for the testing of well cement formulations to determine the dimension changes during the curing process (cement hydration) at atmospheric and elevated pressure and the stress generated by expansion in a confined environment under elevated temperature and pressure.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides the methods for the testing of well cement formulations to determine the dimension changes during the curing process (cement hydration) at atmospheric and elevated pressure and the stress generated by expansion in a confined environment under elevated temperature and pressure.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides the methods for the testing of well cement formulations to determine the dimension changes during the curing process (cement hydration) at atmospheric and elevated pressure and the stress generated by expansion in a confined environment under elevated temperature and pressure.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard23 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for identifying an admixture by infrared analysis (IR).
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides product category rules (c-PCR), that are complementary to EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, for Type III environmental declarations for gypsum-based products for the construction industry.
This document:
— specifies the functional and/or declared unit to be used;
— defines the default system boundaries for gypsum-based construction products;
— defines allocation procedures for the environmental impact of recycling and/or the use of by-products;
— describes the default scenarios and rules for defining scenarios for each of the life cycle information modules A-D;
— provides guidance for the determination of the reference service life (RSL) for gypsum-based construction products.
NOTE 1 Annex B of EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 has been complemented in an annex to this document.
NOTE 2 An Annex F has been added to this document.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for identifying an admixture by infrared analysis (IR).
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides product category rules (c-PCR), that are complementary to EN 15804:2012+A2:2019, for Type III environmental declarations for gypsum-based products for the construction industry.
This document:
— specifies the functional and/or declared unit to be used;
— defines the default system boundaries for gypsum-based construction products;
— defines allocation procedures for the environmental impact of recycling and/or the use of by-products;
— describes the default scenarios and rules for defining scenarios for each of the life cycle information modules A-D;
— provides guidance for the determination of the reference service life (RSL) for gypsum-based construction products.
NOTE 1 Annex B of EN 15804:2012+A2:2019 has been complemented in an annex to this document.
NOTE 2 An Annex F has been added to this document.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ABSTRACT
This specification covers coated glass mat water-resistant gypsum backing panel designed for use on ceilings and walls in bath and shower areas as a base for the application of ceramic or plastic tile. Coated glass mat water-resistant gypsum backing panel shall consist of a noncombustible water-resistant gypsum core, surfaced with glass mat, partially or completely embedded in the core, and with a water-resistant coating on one surface. The specimens shall be tested for flexural strength, humidified deflection, core hardness, end hardness, edge hardness, nail pull resistance, water resistance, and surface water absorption. Coated glass mat water-resistant gypsum backing panel shall have surfaces true and free of imperfections that render the panel unfit for its designed use.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers coated glass mat water-resistant gypsum backing panel designed for use on ceilings and walls in bath and shower areas as a base for the application of ceramic or plastic tile.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 In definitions of cements, ingredients are cited only when they are inherent to the definition, for example portland-pozzolan cement. For ingredients and their quantity limits, if any, that are permitted or prohibited by a specification for a particular cement, see the applicable specification for that cement.
3.2 In definitions of materials including cements, the method of production is included only if it is inherent to the definition.
3.3 Related terms may be found in other terminology documents such as Terminology C11, Terminology C51, Terminology C125, and ACI 116R.
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology defines terms relating to hydraulic and other inorganic cements, their components, characteristics, properties, and the testing thereof. Some terms may have wider application than just to hydraulic cement.
1.2 See individual standards for terms applicable primarily therein, including meanings that may be more restrictive than those given here, and for explanations and descriptions of terms as they apply to those standards.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method provides a means of assessing the sulfate resistance of mortars made using portland cement, blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags, and blended hydraulic cements. Test Method C452 is suitable for evaluating portland cements but not blended cements or blends of portland cement with pozzolans or slags.
3.2 The standard exposure solution used in this test method, unless otherwise directed, contains 352 moles of Na2SO4 per m3(50 g/L). Other sulfate concentrations or other sulfates such as MgSO4 may be used to simulate the environmental exposure of interest. Further discussion of these and other technical issues is given in the Appendix.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of length change of mortar bars immersed in a sulfate solution. Mortar bars made using mortar described in Test Method C109/C109M are cured until they attain a compressive strength of 20.0 MPa ± 1.0 MPa [3000 psi ± 150 psi], as measured using cubes made of the same mortar, before the bars are immersed.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the chemical analysis of gypsum and gypsum panel products, including gypsum ready-mixed plaster, gypsum wood-fibered plaster, and gypsum concrete.
1.2 These test methods appear in the following order:
Sections
Preparation of Sample
4
Complete Procedure
5 – 16
Alternative Procedure for Analysis of Free Water in
17
Gypsum Using a Moisture Balance
Alternative Procedure for Analysis of Combined Water in
18
Gypsum Using a Moisture Balance
Alternative Procedure for Analysis of Organic Material
20
and Carbon Dioxide in Gypsum by High Temperature
Weight Loss
Alternative Procedure for Analysis for Calcium Sulfate by
21
Ammonium Acetate Method
Alternative Procedure for Analysis for Sodium Chloride by
22
the Coulometric Method
Determination of Sand in Set Plaster
23
Wood-fiber Content in Wood-fiber Gypsum Plaster
24
Optional Procedure for Analysis for Sodium by the Atomic
25
Absorption Method
Optional Procedure for Analysis for Sodium by Flame
26
Photometry
Determination of Orthorhombic Cyclooctasulfur (S8) in
27
Ggypsum Panel Products—General Provisions
Determination of Orthorhombic Cyclooctasulfur (S8) in
28
Gypsum Panel Products by Gas Chromatograph
Equipped with a Mass Spectrometer (GS/MS)
Determination of Orthorhombic Cyclooctasulfur (S8) in
29
Gypsum Panel Products by Gas Chromatograph
Equipped with an Electron Capture Detector (GC/ECD)
Determination of Orthorhombic Cyclooctasulfur (S8) in
30
Gypsum Panel Products by High-performance Liquid
Chromatograph Equipped with and Ultraviolet Detector
(HPLC/UV)
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in these test methods.
1.4 These text of this test method references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The chemical composition of the liquid in cementitious pastes is an important indicator of the solid component reactivity at early times, being influenced by the content and rate of reaction of readily soluble alkali components, lime, and other soluble phases. Monitoring the solution composition with time can provide valuable diagnostic information about cement quality and reactivity to supplement other sources of characterization data. This practice is intended to aid in the interpretation of the concentrations of readily soluble components in cement paste solutions, which may include portland cement, limestone, fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, or other components. It provides guidance for measuring the time dependence of the concentrations of one or more components, on an elemental basis, including, but not limited to, aluminum, calcium, potassium, silicon, sodium, and sulfur.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes a procedure for collection, sample preparation and analysis of aqueous pore solutions obtained from cementitious materials at different hydration times when analyzed by ICP-OES for the six most common readily soluble elements aluminum, calcium, potassium, silicon, sodium and sulfur.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is used to determine the amount of expansion of a mortar bar when it is stored in water. The amount of mortar-bar expansion may relate to the amount of sulfate in the cementitious material; expansion may become excessive when the cementitious material contains too much sulfate.
4.2 Some cementitious material specifications limit the amount of sulfate contained in those materials by requiring that the amount of expansion in water not exceed a specified value.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the expansion of mortar bars made using hydraulic cementitious materials, of which sulfate is an integral part.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers mill-mixed gypsum concrete, consisting essentially of calcined gypsum and suitable aggregate, requiring the addition of water only at the job site. Gypsum concrete is intended for use in the construction of poured-in-place roof decks or slabs. Two classes, based on the compressive strength and density, are covered. Gypsum concrete shall consist of calcined gypsum to which are added aggregates, wood chips, or wood shavings in proportion to meet the applicable requirements of this specification. Test method in this specification shall be performed in order to determine the physical properties of the gypsum concrete. Setting time is determined by the Vicat method.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers mill-mixed gypsum concrete, consisting essentially of calcined gypsum and suitable aggregate, requiring the addition of water only at the job site. Gypsum concrete is intended for use in the construction of poured-in-place roof decks or slabs. Two classes, based on the compressive strength and density, are covered.
1.2 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers the requirements for glass mat gypsum substrates designed to be used as exterior substrate or sheathing for weather barriers. The substrates shall consist of a noncombustible water-resistant gypsum core, surfaced with glass mat partially or completely embedded in the core. Materials shall be sampled, tested, and conform accordingly to specified physical property (flexural strength, humidified deflection, nail pull resistance, water resistance, and core, end, and edge hardness) and dimensional (thickness, width, length, end squareness, and edges) requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers glass mat gypsum substrate, which is designed to be used as an exterior substrate for a weather barrier.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This Standard Test Method is intended for use in calibrating hand-held meters to accurately read from approximately 30 % to 90 % ERH. Moisture content is related to the ERH or Aw of a material.
5.2 Hand-held meters provide a rapid means of sampling the moisture content of gypsum boards and panels during manufacture and for field inspection during and after building construction. However, these measurements are inferential, that is, electrical parameters are measured and compared against a calibration curve to obtain an indirect measure of moisture content. The electrical measurements are influenced by the actual moisture content, a number of other gypsum board and panel variables, environmental conditions, the geometry of the measuring probe, and the design of the meter. The maximum accuracy can only be obtained by an awareness of the effect of each parameter on the meter output and correction of readings as specified by these test methods.
5.3 Electrical conductance and dielectric meters are not necessarily equivalent in their readings under the same conditions. When this test method is referenced, the type of meter that is being used must be reported with the relevant ranges for precision and bias as specified in this standard.
5.4 Both types of meters are to be calibrated with respect to ERH as described in this standard.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method applies to the calibration of hand-held moisture meters for gypsum board, glass faced gypsum panels and fiber-reinforced gypsum panels by means of electrical conductance and dielectric meters. The test uses wetted test specimens which are dried down in at least five (5) steps to determine the moisture content based on the weight loss in comparison to the dry weight. The test also supplies the ERH values for each of the drying steps.
1.2 This test method has not been evaluated for the influence of paint or wall covering materials on the indicated moisture content of a gypsum board or panel substrate.
1.3 The values stated in SI (metric) are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to inch-pound units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard8 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from factory made cementitious products into test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes etc., intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.
- Standard56 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers solid, dry-cast, concrete masonry units intended for use as an interior and exterior adhered veneer and are made from portland cement, water, and suitable mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials.
1.2 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: Adhered concrete masonry units covered by this specification are made from lightweight or normal weight aggregates, or both.
Note 2: When particular features are desired, such as density classification, surface textures for appearance or bond, finish, color, fire resistance, insulation, acoustical properties, or other special features, such properties should be specified separately by the purchaser. Suppliers should be consulted as to the availability of adhered concrete masonry units having the desired features.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers natural cement. The chemical requirements and the physical requirements are detailed in the specification. The natural cement shall be subjected to fitness, autoclave expansion, time of setting, air content of mortar, and compressive strength tests using specified methods.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers natural cement and quick-setting natural cement.
Note 1: Examples of typical past uses of natural cement include unit masonry mortar, cement plaster, grout, whitewash, and concrete.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard. Values in SI units [or inch-pound units] shall be obtained by measurement in SI units [or inch-pound units] or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units [or SI units]. Values are stated in only SI units when inch-pound units are not used in practice.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The electrical resistivity of a concrete is the opposition to the movement of ions under an applied electric field. The electrical conductivity of a concrete is a measure of how readily the ions in the pore solution can be transported through the concrete under an applied electric field (the higher the conductivity, the greater the rate of transport). The electrical resistivity or conductivity is a material property that depends upon the pore volume, the pore structure (size and connectivity), the pore solution composition, the degree of saturation of the concrete specimen, and the specimen’s temperature. Concrete mixture characteristics that are known to affect concrete electrical resistivity, as well as resistance to chloride ion penetration, include water-cementitious materials ratio, pozzolans, slag cement, the presence of polymeric admixtures, air-entrainment, aggregate type, aggregate volume fraction, degree of consolidation, curing method, and age.
5.2 The bulk electrical resistivity of concrete is the inverse of its bulk electrical conductivity. Bulk electrical conductivity can also be measured by Test Method C1760, which uses the apparatus described in Test Method C1202. This test method, however, uses apparatus specifically designed to measure bulk conductivity or bulk resistivity.
5.3 The purpose of conditioning in a simulated pore solution is to bring the specimen to a level of near complete saturation of the capillary and gel pores. When comparing two different concrete specimens, it is important to condition both specimens as close as possible to a comparable saturation state, using the same solution for conditioning, so that values can be compared in a meaningful way. This is particularly true for using the measured resistivity or conductivity, along with other information, to estimate the diffusivity.
5.4 The bulk electrical resistivity or conductivity of concrete can provide a rapid indication of its resistance to chloride ion penetrati...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the bulk electrical resistivity or conductivity of molded specimens or cored sections of hardened concrete after immersion in water saturated with a simulated pore solution in order to provide a rapid indication of its resistance to the penetration of fluids and dissolved aggressive ions.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. If required results obtained from another standard are not reported in the same system of units as used by this standard, it is permitted to convert those results using the conversion factors found in the SI Quick Reference Guide.2
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)3 For specific warning statement see 8.1.2.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide is intended to be used in the selection and installation of chemical grout to seal leaks in concrete walls, floors, and ceilings. The procedure described in this guide focuses on the injection of through-wall cracks, but may be adapted to cold joints, control joints, voids associated with penetrations, and other voids contributing to water intrusion through concrete elements. This guide is intended to assist the building owner, owner’s representative, architect, engineer, contractor, or authorized inspector, or combinations thereof, during the selection, specification, or installation, or combinations thereof, of chemical grout for waterproofing repair.
4.2 Prior to attempting any repair, it is important for all parties to have a clear and mutual understanding of the limitations of the repair and the iterative nature of the process. Injection of chemical grout does not affect the source of a leak. The repair obstructs the infiltration of water at a specific location only. The flow of water will be diverted elsewhere, and it is common for water to subsequently appear at a different location that was previously dry. A successful campaign at a given location can significantly reduce the amount of water infiltration, but may not fully prevent leakage. Given the nature of the materials and application technique, and depending on the conditions, the repairs should be periodically monitored and additional repair installations may be required.
4.3 This guide is applicable to installations at below-grade walls and slabs. At above-grade elements, temperature variation on a daily or seasonal basis may lead to significant or more frequent changes, or both, in the width of a crack or joint. The use of injected chemical grout may be appropriate for many above-grade applications, but this guide does not specifically address installation of grout in dynamic cracks or joints.
4.4 Cracks in below-grade walls may be a sign of structural distress. Prior to the i...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide describes the selection of materials, installation methods, and inspection required for sealing leaks at cracks in concrete building walls and slabs using chemical grout. The process discussed in this guide is a waterproofing repair in which voids in a concrete element are sealed with a reactive solution, installed by pressurized injection through drilled or surface-mounted ports.
1.2 This guide does not address the use of chemical grout for waterproofing by curtain grouting or injection into preplaced permeable waterstop tubes. Injection of masonry elements presents additional factors beyond the scope of this guide. This guide does not address the use of injectable materials for structural repairs or for geotechnical applications such as soil stabilization.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This test method covers determination of the fineness of hydraulic cement, using the Blaine air-permeability apparatus, in terms of the specific surface expressed as total surface area in square centimetres per gram, or square metres per kilogram, of cement. Two test methods are given: test method A is the reference test method using the manually operated standard Blaine apparatus, while test method B permits the use of automated apparatus that has in accordance with the qualification requirements of this test method demonstrated acceptable performance. The Blaine air-permeability apparatus consists essentially of a means of drawing a definite quantity of air through a prepared bed of cement of definite porosity. The permeability cell shall consist of a rigid cylinder, constructed of austenitic stainless steel. The disk shall be constructed of noncorroding metal, and shall fit the inside of the cell snugly. The plunger shall be constructed of austenitic stainless steel and shall fit into the cell. The filter paper disks shall be circular, with smooth edges, and shall have the same diameter as the inside of the cell. The U-tube manometer shall be constructed according to the design indicated. The manometer shall be filled to the midpoint line with a nonvolatile, nonhygroscopic liquid of low viscosity and density. The timer shall have a positive starting and stopping mechanism. The calibration of the air permeability apparatus shall be made using the standard reference material. The automated test method shall employ apparatus designed either on the principles of the Blaine air-permeability method or apparatus based on the air-permeability principles of the Lea and Nurse method. When the specific surface values determined by an automated apparatus are to be used for acceptance or rejection of cement, the method used shall comply with the qualification requirements. When standardization is required in order to achieve agreement between test method A and test method B, the apparatus shall be standardized according to the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the fineness of hydraulic cement, using the Blaine air-permeability apparatus, in terms of the specific surface expressed as total surface area in square centimetres per gram, or square metres per kilogram, of cement. Two test methods are given: Test Method A is the Reference Test Method using the manually operated standard Blaine apparatus, while Test Method B permits the use of automated apparatus that has in accordance with the qualification requirements of this test method demonstrated acceptable performance. Although the test method may be, and has been, used for the determination of the measures of fineness of various other materials, it should be understood that, in general, relative rather than absolute fineness values are obtained.
1.1.1 This test method is known to work well for portland cements. However, the user should exercise judgement in determining its suitability with regard to fineness measurements of cements with densities, or porosities that differ from those assigned to Standard Reference Material No. 114 or No. 46h.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 Warning—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous substance that can cause serious medical issues. Mercury, or its vapor, has been demonstrated to be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Safety Data Sheet (SDS) for additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safe...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a means of determining the compressive strength of hydraulic cement and other mortars and results may be used to determine compliance with specifications. Further, this test method is referenced by numerous other specifications and test methods. Caution must be exercised in using the results of this test method to predict the strength of concretes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the compressive strength of hydraulic cement mortars, using 50 mm [2 in.] cube specimens.
Note 1: Test Method C349 provides an alternative procedure for this determination (not to be used for acceptance tests).
1.2 This test method covers the application of the test using either SI or inch-pound units. The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the inch-pound units are shown in brackets. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 Values in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the Rules for Conversion and Rounding given in IEEE/ASTM SI-10, of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The test methods in this standard are used to evaluate freshly mixed properties such as the initial flow, flow retention, and healing time as well as hardened properties such as compressive strength, setting time, and flexural strength, of self-leveling mortars.
4.2 Tests are conducted under standardized conditions for comparative purposes and results are not intended to be representative of performance under field conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are appropriate to evaluate the performance of self-leveling mortars containing hydraulic cements that are used to improve the levelness, smoothness, and flatness of existing floors. These materials may be used as an underlayment to receive floor finishes, or as an overlayment to serve as the wear surface. The self-leveling mortars covered by these test methods consist of proprietary blends of hydraulic cements, along with fine aggregate, polymers, fillers, and other additives.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.)2
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This test method covers the standard procedure for determination of length changes of expansive cement mortar, while under restraint, due to the development of internal forces resulting from hydration of the cement. The test apparatus is comprised of the following: molds for casting test specimens; restraining cage which consists of a threaded steel rod with steel end plates held in place by cap nuts for corrosion prevention; length comparator; tamper which shall be made of nonabsorptive, nonabrasive material such as medium-hard rubber or seasoned oak wood; device for demolding specimens; weights and weighing devices; glass graduates to measure the mixing water in a single operation; an electrically driven mechanical mixer equipped with paddle and mixing bowl; and trowel which shall have a steel blade with straight edges. The sand to be used shall comply with the graded sand requirement and shall be handled in such a manner as to prevent segregation. Details on preparation and assembly of specimen molds and restraining cage, proportioning and mixing of mortars, molding, and curing of specimens are discussed. The expansion and shrinkage of the test specimens at any age shall be calculated and the length-change data, expressed as linear expansion or contraction based on the length of the specimen at any time of molding, shall be reported. Bias and precision in the batch, single, and multi-laboratory operation shall also be identified.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of length changes of expansive cement mortar, while under restraint, due to the development of internal forces resulting from hydration of the cement.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cement mixtures are caustic and may cause burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document deals with the adaption of existing test methods and equipment to provide a repeatable and reproducible means of assessing the workability ("cohesivity") imparted to mortar by masonry cements.
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ABSTRACT
This specification pertains to admixtures for masonry mortars. Admixtures are substances other than the prescribed materials of water, aggregate, and cementitious materials that are used to improve one or more of the recognized desirable properties of conventional masonry mortar. Admixtures are classified by their effect on the performance characteristics of conventional masonry mortars. Admixed mortars are classified by their modified properties, as compared to a reference mortar. The following classifications are recognized: bond enhancer, workability enhancer, set accelerator, set retarder, and water repellent. The materials to be used include Portland cement, hydraulic cement, blended hydraulic cement, masonry cement, mortar cement, lime, and sand. Different test methods shall be implemented in order to determine the following properties: soluble chloride content, compressive strength, water retention, air content of plastic mortar, board life, time of setting, flexural bond strength, and rate of water absorption.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification pertains to admixtures for masonry mortars. Admixtures are substances other than Specification C270 prescribed materials of water, aggregate, and cementitious materials that are used to improve one or more of the recognized desirable properties of conventional masonry mortar.
1.2 This specification does not cover coloring pigments.
Note 1: Information on coloring pigments can be found in Specification C979/C979M.
1.3 This specification does not cover additives that are added to the cementitious materials during the manufacture of the cementitious materials.
1.4 Acceptance of an admixture is based on its performance in an admixed mortar. Acceptance of the admixed masonry mortar is based on attainment of performance either equivalent to that required for conventional mortar or improved performance of one or more indicated properties, while maintaining required performance levels for other properties.
1.5 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
Note 2: The testing laboratory performing the test methods referenced in this specification should be evaluated in accordance with Practice C1093.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Numerous properties of cementitious materials are controlled by their initial hydration rate. Examples include early-age strength development, heat release, and crack resistance. One direct and convenient measure of this initial hydration rate is provided by the measurement of the chemical shrinkage of the cement paste during its hydration. As cement hydrates, the hydration products occupy less volume than the initial reacting materials (cement and water). Due to this volume change, a hydrating cement paste will sorb water from its immediate surroundings, when available. At early times, this sorption is in direct proportion to the amount of hydration that has occurred.5 This method is based on the one developed by Geiker.6 The results are relevant to understanding the hydration behavior of cements. This method does not measure the bulk volume changes (autogenous shrinkage) associated with chemical shrinkage nor the cracking potential of concretes produced with the evaluated cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method measures the internal (absolute) volume change of hydraulic cement paste that results from the hydration of the cementitious materials. This volume change is known as chemical shrinkage.
1.1.1 Procedure A, volumetric method.
1.1.2 Procedure B, the density method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a means for measuring the temperature of freshly mixed concrete. The measured temperature represents the temperature at the time of testing and may not be an indication of the temperature of the freshly mixed concrete at a later time. It may be used to verify conformance to a specified requirement for temperature of concrete.
4.2 Concrete containing aggregate of a nominal maximum size greater than 75 mm [3 in.] may require up to 20 min for the transfer of heat from aggregate to mortar. (See ACI Committee 207.1R Report.4)
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of temperature of freshly mixed hydraulic-cement concrete.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.
1.3 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory information. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The autoclave expansion test provides an index of potential delayed expansion caused by the hydration of CaO or MgO, or both, when present in hydraulic cement.3
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the expansion of a hardened cement paste when exposed to the autoclave conditions in this method.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precaution statements, see the section on Safety Precautions.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method establishes a selected set of conditions of temperature, relative humidity and rate of evaporation of the environment to which a mortar specimen of stated composition shall be subjected for a specified period of time during which its change in length is determined and designated “drying shrinkage.”
4.2 The drying shrinkage of mortar as determined by this test method has a linear relation to the drying shrinkage of concrete made with the same cement and exposed to the same drying conditions.4 Hence this test method may be used when it is desired to develop data on the effect of a hydraulic cement on the drying shrinkage of concrete made with that cement.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the change in length on drying of mortar bars containing hydraulic cement and graded standard sand.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. When combined standards are referenced, the selection of measurement system is at the user’s discretion subject to the requirements of the referenced standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure).2
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is intended to help manufacturers determine the relative pack-set tendency of their cement(s). The test establishes a pack-set index which, when properly correlated with field performance, is useful in predicting or preventing field unloading difficulties.
5.2 The test is an aid to routine control during cement production and is not suitable for specification purposes.
5.3 In general, field performance of cement flowability is satisfactory when the pack-set index as determined on freshly ground cement averages 0 to 15 and is unsatisfactory when the index exceeds 25. Any prediction of field performance of cement flowability measuring 16 to 25 is tenable. These are general ranges and the field performance of individual cements may not necessarily fall within these ranges. Additional conditions, after the cement has left the control of the manufacturing facility, can affect the apparent pack set index as well.
5.4 Any attempt to apply the critical range of pack-set index numbers based on freshly ground cement to job cement without special treatment of the sample would be problematic. The test is a “GO-NO-GO” type of test and should not be used for specification purposes.
5.5 The pack-set index of field cement can be evaluated in terms of the pack-set index ranges of that cement as determined when freshly-ground. This comparison can aid the manufacturer in producing cement that offers the best field performance for pack-set properties.
5.6 Silo storage of cement may result in a greater amount of consolidation than this method is designed to induce, and the resulting forces required to overcome that consolidation are not measured by this test method.
5.7 Pack set is not to be confused with “warehouse set” which results from surface hydration of the cement from adsorbed moisture.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pack-set index, which provides an indication of the mechanical force needed to overcome the consolidation of portland and blended hydraulic cements.
1.2 The pack-set index number provides a numerical value useful for manufacturers who desire to measure and control the effect that vibration-induced consolidation has upon the manufactured cement.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Values stated in SI units shall be obtained by measurement in SI units or by appropriate conversion, using the rules of Conversion and rounding given in Standard IEEE/ASTM SI 10, of measurements made in other units.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. (WARNING—Fresh hydraulic-cementitious mixtures are caustic and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon prolonged exposure.2)
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Wear on mortar surfaces can be generated by a number of factors including skidding, scraping or sliding of objects on the surface, foot and tire traffic. This guide provides a means to quantify the abrasion resistance of treated or untreated mortars and other similar products.
FIG. 1 Rotary Platform Abraser
FIG. 2 Arrangement of Rotary Platform Abraser Test Set-up
5.1.1 This guide can be used to determine the effectiveness of fluid applied hardeners, densifiers and sealers by comparison with untreated control specimens.
5.1.2 This guide can be used with other test methods to determine the effectiveness of surface treatments after abrasion. For example, Test Method D6532 can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of clear water repellents on hydraulic cement mortar specimens based on water absorption after water soaking, by testing the specimen prior to abrasion and after the specimen has been subjected to abrasion.
5.2 This guide may be useful for acceptance testing of a mortar surface, and it can be used to evaluate the effects of processing variables such as substrate preparation before treatment, surface texture, treatment application variables, and curing regimen.
5.3 Results may be used to correlate with in-place performance, for comparative rating of the performance of alternative materials, or for comparison among treated and untreated surfaces. The resistance of material surfaces to abrasion, as measured on a testing machine in the laboratory, is generally only one of several factors contributing to wear performance as experienced in the actual use of the material. Other factors may need to be considered in any calculation of predicted life from specific abrasion data.
5.4 The resistance of mortar to abrasion may be affected by factors including test conditions, type of abradant, pressure between the specimen and abradant, selection of mortar-making materials (mixture proportions, curing and finishing procedures), and type, kind, or amo...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide is intended to assist in establishing procedures for determining the relative abrasion resistance of treated or untreated mortar surfaces.
1.2 This guide utilizes the rotary platform abraser, which generates a combination of rolling and rubbing to cause wear to the specimen surface. Wear can be quantified as cycles to a specific end-point. Other commonly used evaluations are presented in Appendix X1 and include mass loss, wear index, volume loss, or depth of wear.
1.3 The values stated either in SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined. Some values have only SI units because the inch-pound equivalents are not used in practice.
Note 1: Other procedures used to measure abrasion resistance of concrete surfaces include Test Methods C418, C779/C779M, C944/C944M, and C1138M. Other methods that reference the rotary platform abraser and may be of interest include Specification C744 and Test Methods C1353, D4060 and F510.
1.4 The text of this standard refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards,...
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This document deals with the adaption of existing test methods and equipment to provide a repeatable and reproducible means of assessing the workability ("cohesivity") imparted to mortar by masonry cements.
- Technical report26 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a means of detecting the potential of an aggregate intended for use in concrete for undergoing alkali-silica reaction resulting in potentially deleterious internal expansion. It is based on the NBRI Accelerated Test Method (1-4).3 It is especially useful for aggregates that react slowly or produce expansion late in the reaction. However, it does not evaluate combinations of aggregates with cementitious materials nor are the test conditions representative of those encountered by concrete in service.
4.2 Because the specimens are exposed to a NaOH solution, the alkali content of the cement is not a significant factor in affecting expansions.
4.3 Results of tests conducted on an aggregate as described herein should form a part of the basis for a decision as to whether precautions should be taken against excessive expansion due to alkali-silica reaction. Refer to Guide C1778 for the interpretation of the test results from Test Method C1260.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method permits detection, within 16 days, of the potential for deleterious alkali-silica reaction of aggregate in mortar bars.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. When this test method refers to combined-unit standards, the selection of the measurement systems is at the user’s discretion.
1.3 The text of this test method refers to notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of this test method.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific precautionary statement is given in the section on Reagents.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the standard requirements for the application of full thickness Portland cement-based plaster for exterior (stucco) and interior work. It also sets forth tables for proportioning of various plaster mixes and plaster thickness. The materials used shall consist of the following: cement which shall be a Portland cement, air-entraining Portland cement, masonry cement, blended hydraulic cement, air-entraining blended hydraulic cement, or plastic cement; Type S hydrated lime; aggregates such as perlite and sand for base and job-mixed finish coats; water to be used in mixing; admixtures; and fibers. Surfaces of solid bases such as masonry, stone, cast-in-place or precast concrete shall be prepared either by sandblasting, wire brushing, acid etching, chipping, or a combination thereof. Details on curing to resist cracking; materials protection and storage; environmental conditions; and application of plaster, finish-coat, and fog-coat, which shall be done by hand or machine up to the specified nominal thickness on metal and solid plaster bases are discussed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the minimum technical requirements for the application of full thickness portland cement-based plaster for exterior (stucco) and interior work. These requirements do not by default define a unit of work or assign responsibility for contractual purposes, which is the purview of a contract or contracts made between contracting entities.
1.2 This specification sets forth tables for proportioning of various plaster mixes and plaster thickness.
Note 1: General information is found in Annex A1. Design considerations are found in Annex A2.
1.3 The text of this specification references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the specification.
1.4 Details of construction for a specific assembly to achieve the required fire resistance shall be obtained from reports of fire-resistance tests, engineering evaluations, or listings from recognized fire testing laboratories.
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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