13.060.20 - Drinking water
ICS 13.060.20 Details
Drinking water
Trinkwasser
Eau potable
Pitna voda
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 13.060.20 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Drinking water". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 572 standards classified under ICS 13.060.20 (Drinking water). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies the characteristics and the requirements of air gap with injector Family A, Type D for nominal flow velocity not exceeding 3 m/s. Air gaps are devices for protection of potable water in water installations from pollution by backflow. This document is applicable to air gaps in factory-assembled products and to constructed air gaps in situ and specifies requirements and methods to verify and ensure compliance with this document during normal working use.
The fluid in the receiving vessel is assumed to have similar properties to the water supply. Where this is not the case, additional care or tests can be required to verify the efficacy of the solution in practical use.
The AD device is intended to be used in potable water installations according to EN 806 (all parts).
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the characteristics and the requirements of air gap with injector Family A, Type D for nominal flow velocity not exceeding 3 m/s. Air gaps are devices for protection of potable water in water installations from pollution by backflow. This document is applicable to air gaps in factory-assembled products and to constructed air gaps in situ and specifies requirements and methods to verify and ensure compliance with this document during normal working use.
The fluid in the receiving vessel is assumed to have similar properties to the water supply. Where this is not the case, additional care or tests can be required to verify the efficacy of the solution in practical use.
The AD device is intended to be used in potable water installations according to EN 806 (all parts).
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidance and requirements for identifying and assessing impacts of climate change on drinking water systems and for developing strategies for the adaptation to these impacts. The assessment of the impacts is based on the assessment principles described in ISO 24566-1. This document also provides examples of some of the impacts of climate change on drinking water systems and of the responses that have been implemented by municipal water services or by the relevant jurisdiction (e.g. municipality or region served by the service). The examples of responses illustrate adaptation strategies that have been applied.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard43 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies and gives guidance on:
— general requirements for storage of water outside consumers' buildings, including service reservoirs for potable water and reservoirs containing water not for human consumption at intake works or within treatment works, excluding those that are part of the treatment process;
— design;
— general requirements for product standards;
— requirements for quality control and auditing, testing and commissioning;
— operational requirements;
— requirements for inspection, rehabilitation and repair.
The requirements of this document are applicable to:
— design and construction of new reservoirs;
— extension and modification of existing reservoirs;
— significant rehabilitation of existing reservoirs.
This document does not apply to reservoirs formed by the building of dams or the use of lakes for water storage purposes.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies and gives guidance on:
— general requirements for storage of water outside consumers' buildings, including service reservoirs for potable water and reservoirs containing water not for human consumption at intake works or within treatment works, excluding those that are part of the treatment process;
— design;
— general requirements for product standards;
— requirements for quality control and auditing, testing and commissioning;
— operational requirements;
— requirements for inspection, rehabilitation and repair.
The requirements of this document are applicable to:
— design and construction of new reservoirs;
— extension and modification of existing reservoirs;
— significant rehabilitation of existing reservoirs.
This document does not apply to reservoirs formed by the building of dams or the use of lakes for water storage purposes.
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
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This document specifies an analysing methodology for protecting potable water in potable water installations within and outside buildings but within premises from the risk of pollution by backflow of non-potable water and gives recommendations on the design, risk analysis, backflow prevention devices and their installation methods (see Figure 1 and Figure 2).
This methodology is also intended to be used outside premises for all water systems connected to a potable water distribution system up to and including the point of use (see Figure 3).
The product standards for the specific backflow prevention devices or arrangements are intended to be used in conjunction with this document. For the development of new devices or systems, this document is intended to be used as a reference to establish the necessary level of backflow protection.
- Standard66 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to half-burnt dolomite used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of half-burnt dolomite and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for half-burnt dolomite. It gives information on its use in water treatment.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an analysing methodology for protecting potable water in potable water installations within and outside buildings but within premises from the risk of pollution by backflow of non-potable water and gives recommendations on the design, risk analysis, backflow prevention devices and their installation methods (see Figure 1 and Figure 2).
This methodology is also intended to be used outside premises for all water systems connected to a potable water distribution system up to and including the point of use (see Figure 3).
The product standards for the specific backflow prevention devices or arrangements are intended to be used in conjunction with this document. For the development of new devices or systems, this document is intended to be used as a reference to establish the necessary level of backflow protection.
- Standard66 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from hardened cement based site-applied or site-formed materials (including pre-packaged mortars) into test waters after contact with the products. It also covers determination of migration from individual constituents of cement based products and materials (see Annexes A and B) and from associated non-cement based products for approval purposes (see Annex C).
Site-applied or site-formed cement based materials which cannot be cast as cubes or prisms e.g. some spray applied systems, fall in the scope of EN 14944−3 and not under this standard.
This document is applicable to site-applied or site-formed cement based materials intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water. It is also applicable to individual constituents of cement based products/materials and to associated non-cement based products/materials.
NOTE Tests with the specified test water will not necessarily be representative of materials used in different kinds of waters and especially very soft waters.
- Standard54 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method to determine the influence of site-applied cement based materials and associated non-cement based products/materials (including pre-packaged mortars) on the odour, flavour, colour, turbidity and total organic carbon (TOC) of test waters after contact with the products.
This document is applicable to site-applied or site-formed cement based materials intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water. It is also applicable to individual constituents of cement based products/materials and to associated non-cement based products/materials.
Site-applied or site-formed cement based materials which cannot be cast as cubes or prisms e.g. some spray applied systems, should be tested as factory made cement based products according to EN 14944−1.
NOTE Tests with the specified test water will not necessarily be representative of materials used in different kinds of waters and especially very soft waters.
- Standard56 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method to determine the influence of site-applied cement based materials and associated non-cement based products/materials (including pre-packaged mortars) on the odour, flavour, colour, turbidity and total organic carbon (TOC) of test waters after contact with the products.
This document is applicable to site-applied or site-formed cement based materials intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water. It is also applicable to individual constituents of cement based products/materials and to associated non-cement based products/materials.
Site-applied or site-formed cement based materials which cannot be cast as cubes or prisms e.g. some spray applied systems, should be tested as factory made cement based products according to EN 14944−1.
NOTE Tests with the specified test water will not necessarily be representative of materials used in different kinds of waters and especially very soft waters.
- Standard56 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from hardened cement based site-applied or site-formed materials (including pre-packaged mortars) into test waters after contact with the products. It also covers determination of migration from individual constituents of cement based products and materials (see Annexes A and B) and from associated non-cement based products for approval purposes (see Annex C).
Site-applied or site-formed cement based materials which cannot be cast as cubes or prisms e.g. some spray applied systems, fall in the scope of EN 14944−3 and not under this standard.
This document is applicable to site-applied or site-formed cement based materials intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water. It is also applicable to individual constituents of cement based products/materials and to associated non-cement based products/materials.
NOTE Tests with the specified test water will not necessarily be representative of materials used in different kinds of waters and especially very soft waters.
- Standard54 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to sodium hypochlorite used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of sodium hypochlorite and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for sodium hypochlorite. It gives information on its use in water treatment. It also determines the rules relating to safe handling and use of sodium hypochlorite (see Annex B).
NOTE While this document is not applicable to sodium hypochlorite generated in situ (see bibliographic reference [6]), the limits for impurities and chemical parameters apply.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to glass beads and glass granulate intended for treatment of water for human consumption, swimming pool and/or spa water. It solely describes the characteristics of glass beads and glass granulate and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for glass beads and glass granulate.
General information on glass beads and glass granulate and general rules relating to safety is provided in Annex A.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies additional requirements to the product standards given in Clause 5 for valves and devices to prevent pollution by backflow of potable water with polymer parts and housings under internal pressure and without external loads intended for installations and equipment inside buildings conveying water for human consumption.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to aluminium-based coagulants used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It specifies analytical methods to be used for products described in EN 878, EN 882, EN 885, EN 886, EN 887, EN 935 and EN 17034.
- Standard53 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to ammonia solution used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics and specifies the requirements of ammonia solution and refers to the corresponding analytical methods. It gives information for its use in water treatment. It also provides basic information relating to safe handling and use of ammonia solution (see Annex B).
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies additional requirements to the product standards given in Clause 5 for valves and devices to prevent pollution by backflow of potable water with polymer parts and housings under internal pressure and without external loads intended for installations and equipment inside buildings conveying water for human consumption.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the dissolved fraction of selected perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in non-filtrated drinking water using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The applicability of the method to other types of water like fresh waters (e.g. ground water, surface water) or treated wastewater can be validated separately for each individual case.
For each target compound both, eventually occurring branched isomers and the respective non-branched isomer, are quantified together. The selected set of substances determined by this method is representative for a wide variety of PFAS. This method has been validated for the analytes specified in Table 1. The list given in this table can be modified depending on the purpose and focus of the method. The lower application range of this method can vary depending on the sensitivity of the equipment used and the matrix of the samples. For many substances to which this document applies a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1 ng/l can be achieved. Using high volume direct injection as described in part A or SPE as described in part B of the method allows lower LOQs. Analytical limitations can occur with short-chain PFAS or PFAS with more than ten carbon atoms in the carbon chain. Actual LOQs can depend on the blank values realized by individual laboratories as well.
NOTE This document enables the analysis of those 20 PFAS which are listed in point 3 of Part B of Annex III of the EU Drinking Water Directive, EU 2020/2184 [4], for the surveillance of the parametric limit value of 0,10 µg/l for the sum of PFAS.
Furthermore, alternatives and substitutes for these PFAS substances can be analysed using this document as well.
Table 1 - Analytes for which a determination was validated in accordance with this method
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to devices for the generation and dosing of ozone. The ozone is generated in these devices according to the technology of dielectric barrier discharge. According to EN 1278 and EN 15074, ozone is suited for the use of the treatment of water intended for human consumption (drinking water), and for the treatment of swimming pool water respectively. Ozone can be added to the water for disinfection and for oxidative purposes. This document can also be applied for other technologies to generate ozone, e.g. electrolysis or UV irradiation, as far as reasonable or applicable.
This document specifies device’s construction, and test methods for the equipment used for in situ generation of ozone. It also specifies requirements for instructions for installation, operation, maintenance, safety and for documentation to be provided with the product.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to devices for the generation and dosing of ozone. The ozone is generated in these devices according to the technology of dielectric barrier discharge. According to EN 1278 and EN 15074, ozone is suited for the use of the treatment of water intended for human consumption (drinking water), and for the treatment of swimming pool water respectively. Ozone can be added to the water for disinfection and for oxidative purposes. This document can also be applied for other technologies to generate ozone, e.g. electrolysis or UV irradiation, as far as reasonable or applicable.
This document specifies device’s construction, and test methods for the equipment used for in situ generation of ozone. It also specifies requirements for instructions for installation, operation, maintenance, safety and for documentation to be provided with the product.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to sulphamic acid used as antifoulant for membranes in the treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics and specifies the requirements and the corresponding analytical methods for sulphamic acid. It gives information on their use as antifoulant for membranes in water treatment in Annex A.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidelines for the management of drinking water utilities and the assessment of drinking water services. This document is applicable to publicly and privately owned and operated water utilities. It does not favour any particular ownership or operating model. This document addresses drinking water systems in their entirety and is applicable to systems at any level of development (e.g. on-site systems, distribution networks, treatment facilities). The following are within the scope of this document: - the definition of a language common to different stakeholders; - the definition of the components of drinking water supply systems; - guidelines for the management of drinking water utilities; - guidelines for objectives, service assessment criteria and related performance indicators, appropriate for the assessment of drinking water services. The following are outside the scope of this document: - target values and thresholds for proposed objectives, service assessments criteria and related performance indicators; - matters relating to the design and construction of drinking water systems; - matters relating to the management structure of drinking water utilities; - matters relating to the regulation of drinking water services, including management and operational activities; - matters relating to regulating the content of contracts or subcontracts; - installations between point of delivery and point of use.
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This document provides guidelines for the planning and implementation of hardening of different water and wastewater infrastructures aiming to improve the resilience of water and wastewater services provided by water utilities through security measures. It applies to the determination of measures for the protection of water supply systems and sewer collection systems from unwanted or unplanned access, as part of risk management. This document is applicable to all water and/or wastewater utilities. This document does not include guidelines for the protection of large water sources such as lakes or rivers.
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This European Standard specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from factory made cementitious products into test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes etc., intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.
- Standard56 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document defines the minimum requirements for treatment systems, which generate the active substance - “Active chlorine” - from sodium chloride by electrolysis for on-site (in situ) operation.
The in situ generated active substance (IGAS), in this case active chlorine, may be put into a solution (“off-line”) or directly generated in the pipes (“in-line”).
This document specifies the device construction, and test methods for the equipment used for in situ generation of active chlorine. It specifies requirements for instructions for installation, operation, maintenance, safety and for documentation to be provided with the product.
The in situ generation of active substances and the placing of their precursors on the EU market are subject to the specifications of the Biocidal Products Regulation (EU) 528/2012 [“Biocidal products”]. Active substances, generated by devices, which are claiming compliance with this document, shall comply with the BPR for both the registered active chlorine, quality standards and the precursor in accordance with appropriate application and “Product Type” as listed in the BPR.
This standard does not identify applications for in situ devices for generation of active chlorine. The range of applications for in situ generation of chlorine is diverse. It is the responsibility of the economic operator/product supplier, claiming compliance with this standard, to identify the appropriate system type and operating conditions for the specific application and to:
- specify the quality of the biocide appropriate to the application. This may be defined in national or international standards;
- specify the appropriate product type and operating conditions (concentration, dosage rate and quality of the active chlorine);
- specify any other regulatory requirements relevant to the specific application;
- specify the appropriate precursor sodium chloride, for the application;
- and to label the product accordingly.
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the elements of drinking water and wastewater services of relevance and interest to users. It also provides guidance on how to identify users’ needs and expectations and how to assess whether these are being met. The following are within the scope of this document: - the definition of a language common to the different stakeholders; - the definition of key elements and characteristics of the service to users; - the objectives for the service with respect to users’ needs and expectations; - guidelines for satisfying users’ needs and expectations; - assessment criteria for service to users; - introduction to performance indicators; - examples of performance indicators. The following are outside the scope of this document: - methods of design and construction of drinking water and wastewater systems; - the regulating management structure and methodology of operation and management of activities relating to drinking water and wastewater services, including contracting; - topics relating to the system inside buildings.
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- Standard52 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document defines the minimum requirements for treatment systems, which generate the active substance - “Active chlorine” - from sodium chloride by electrolysis for on-site (in situ) operation.
The in situ generated active substance (IGAS), in this case active chlorine, may be put into a solution (“off-line”) or directly generated in the pipes (“in-line”).
This document specifies the device construction, and test methods for the equipment used for in situ generation of active chlorine. It specifies requirements for instructions for installation, operation, maintenance, safety and for documentation to be provided with the product.
The in situ generation of active substances and the placing of their precursors on the EU market are subject to the specifications of the Biocidal Products Regulation (EU) 528/2012 [“Biocidal products”]. Active substances, generated by devices, which are claiming compliance with this document, shall comply with the BPR for both the registered active chlorine, quality standards and the precursor in accordance with appropriate application and “Product Type” as listed in the BPR.
This standard does not identify applications for in situ devices for generation of active chlorine. The range of applications for in situ generation of chlorine is diverse. It is the responsibility of the economic operator/product supplier, claiming compliance with this standard, to identify the appropriate system type and operating conditions for the specific application and to:
- specify the quality of the biocide appropriate to the application. This may be defined in national or international standards;
- specify the appropriate product type and operating conditions (concentration, dosage rate and quality of the active chlorine);
- specify any other regulatory requirements relevant to the specific application;
- specify the appropriate precursor sodium chloride, for the application;
- and to label the product accordingly.
- Standard43 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method to determine the migration of substances from factory made cementitious products into test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes etc., intended to be used for the transport and storage of water intended for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.
- Standard56 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to sodium alginate used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of sodium alginate and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for sodium alginate. It gives information on their use in water treatment.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride). It gives information on their use in water treatment.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to cationic polyacrylamides used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of cationic polyacrylamides and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for cationic polyacrylamides. It gives information on their use in water treatment.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method to determine the influence of factory made cementitious products on the odour, flavour, colour and turbidity of test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes etc. intended to be used for the transport and storage of water for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.
- Standard58 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to anionic and non-ionic polyacrylamides used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of anionic and non-ionic polyacrylamides and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for anionic and non-ionic polyacrylamides. It gives information on their use in water treatment.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to polyamines used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of polyamines and specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for polyamines. It gives information on their use in water treatment.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies a method to determine the influence of factory made cementitious products on the odour, flavour, colour and turbidity of test waters after contact with the products.
This European Standard is applicable to factory made cementitious products, e.g. cement mortar linings to metallic pipes, tanks, concrete pipes etc. intended to be used for the transport and storage of water for human consumption, including raw water used for the production of drinking water.
- Standard58 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure to evaluate the passive behaviour of stainless steels and other passive alloys used in products intended to come into contact with drinking water.
The passive state is the reason why no relevant amounts of metals are released from such materials into the drinking water. This test is used to verify whether the alloy under consideration is passive under conditions which can occur in drinking waters.
This document is not applicable for product testing. It is only applicable for the assessment of passive behaviour of materials.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to iron (III) sulfate solid used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of iron (III) sulfate solid and specifies the requirements and the corresponding analytical methods for iron (III) sulfate solid and gives information on its use in water treatment. It also determines the rules relating to safe handling and use of iron (III) sulfate solid.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document establishes the basis for a framework for water utilities to operate efficiently and effectively considering stakeholder needs and expectations. This document is applicable to all water utilities, regardless of ownership and management model (public or private), size, service provided or location. This document proposes principles for effective and efficient corporate governance of water utilities with a focus on the roles and responsibilities of the responsible bodies and operators and on the decision-making process involving the relevant stakeholders. It also includes key types of decisions to be made.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Lead can enter drinking water when service lines or plumbing fixtures that contain lead corrode, especially where the water has high acidity or low mineral content. According to the EPA, lead typically enters school drinking water as a result of interaction with lead-containing plumbing materials and fixtures within the building (EPA 2019 EPA 2018, (5)). Although lead pipes and lead solder were not commonly used after 1986, water fountains and other fixtures were allowed to have up to 8 percent lead until 2014 (GAO, 2018 (2)). Consequently, both older and newer school buildings can have lead in drinking water at concentrations that exceed the NPDWR.
4.2 Following the reports in 2015 of elevated lead levels in the water in Flint, Michigan, Congress passed the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act in 2016 (Public Law 114-322), which, among other things, amended the SDWA, to establish a grant program for states to assist school districts in voluntary testing for lead contamination in drinking water at schools. As a condition of receiving funds, school districts are required to test for lead using standards that are at least as stringent as those in federal guidance for schools.
4.3 California’s State Water Resources Control Board’s Division of Drinking Water initiated an aggressive program of sampling and public water systems supplying water to schools in 2018. California Assembly Bill 746 published on October 12, 2017, effective January 1, 2018, requires community water systems to test lead levels, by July 1, 2019, in drinking water at all California public, K-12 school sites that were constructed before January 1, 2010.
4.4 Lobo (2021) (6) reports that two factors predominantly control lead leaching into the drinking water: (1) the presence or absence of lead-bearing plumbing materials, and (2) water quality that promotes the formation of soluble or insoluble lead corrosion products. This guide provides a method of using publicly-available...
SCOPE
1.1 As the General Accountability Office (GAO) reported in 2018 (2), the discovery of toxic levels of lead in drinking water in Flint, Michigan in 2015 renewed awareness about the risks that lead poses to public health. Exposure to lead can result in elevated blood lead levels and negative health effects. Children are at particular risk, because their growing bodies absorb more lead than adults, so protecting them from lead is important to lifelong good health. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), elevated blood lead levels have been linked to anemia, kidney and brain damage, learning disabilities, and decreased growth. As a result of widespread human use, lead is prevalent in the environment; for example, it can be found in paint (lead in paint was banned in the United States in 1978)4 and soil, and can leach into drinking water from lead-containing plumbing materials, such as faucets and drinking fountains.
1.2 Lead in school drinking water is a concern because it is a daily source of water for over 50 million children enrolled in public schools. The pattern of school schedules—including time off over weekends, holidays, and extended breaks—can contribute to standing water in the school’s plumbing system. If there is lead in the plumbing system, the potential for it to leach into water can increase the longer the water remains in contact with the plumbing. Estimating the risk of lead contamination of schools' drinking water at the State level is a complex and important challenge. Variable water quality among water systems and changes in water chemistry during distribution affect lead dissolution rates from pipes and fittings. In addition, the locations of lead-bearing plumbing materials are uncertain. EPA, 2002 (3), Triantafyllidou and Edwards, 2012 (4).
1.3 The US EPA is responsible for enforcement of the Safe Drinking Water Act (SDWA) on Tribal land; there is no delegation of this ...
- Guide5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the field of application, the dimensional, the physico-chemical, the design, the hydraulic, the mechanical, and the acoustic characteristics of controllable backflow preventers with reduced pressure zone, Family B, Type A.
This document covers controllable backflow preventers of Family B, Type A, with reduced pressure zones, intended to prevent pollution of potable water by backflow, caused by backsiphonage or by backpressure.
It is applicable to controllable backflow preventers in denominations DN 6 up to DN 250.
It covers controllable backflow preventers of PN 10 that are capable of working without modification or adjustment:
- at any pressure, up to 1 MPa (10 bar);
- with any pressure variation, up to 1 MPa (10 bar);
- in permanent duty at a limited temperature of 65 °C and for maximum 1 h at 90 °C.
It specifies also the test methods and requirements for verifying their characteristics, the marking and the presentation at delivery.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the characteristics and the requirements of air gap with non-circular overflow (unrestricted) Family A, Type B for nominal flow velocity not exceeding 3 m/s. Air gaps are devices for protection of potable water in water installations from pollution by backflow. This document applies to air gaps in factory-assembled products and to constructed air gaps in situ and specifies requirements and methods to verify and ensure compliance with this document during normal working use.
The fluid in the receiving vessel is assumed to have similar properties to water. Where this is not the case, additional care or tests could be required to verify the efficacy of the solution in practical use.
The AB device is intended to be used in potable water installations according to EN 806 (all parts).
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to iron (III) sulfate solution of various iron and/or acid contents (see 4.2) used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of iron (III) sulfate solution and specifies the requirements and the corresponding analytical methods for iron (III) sulfate solution and gives information on its use in water treatment. It also determines the rules relating to safe handling and use of iron (III) sulfate solution.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to iron (III) chloride sulfate used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of iron (III) chloride sulfate and specifies the requirements and the corresponding analytical methods for iron (III) chloride sulfate and gives information on its use in water treatment. It also determines the rules relating to safe handling and use of iron (III) chloride sulfate.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate and iron (II) sulfate monohydrate used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics of iron (II) sulfate heptahydrate and monohydrate, specifies the requirements and the corresponding analytical methods and gives information on their use in water treatment. It also determines the rules relating to safe handling and use of iron (II) sulfate.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to iron (III) chloride solution a) and iron (III) chloride hexahydrate b) used for treatment of water intended for human consumption. It describes the characteristics and specifies the requirements and the corresponding analytical methods for iron (III) chlorides a) and b) and gives information for their use in water treatment. It also determines the rules relating to safe handling and use of iron (III) chloride.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the field of application, the dimensional, the physico-chemical, the design, the hydraulic, the mechanical, and the acoustic characteristics of controllable backflow preventers with reduced pressure zone, Family B, Type A.
This document covers controllable backflow preventers of Family B, Type A, with reduced pressure zones, intended to prevent pollution of potable water by backflow, caused by backsiphonage or by backpressure.
It is applicable to controllable backflow preventers in denominations DN 6 up to DN 250.
It covers controllable backflow preventers of PN 10 that are capable of working without modification or adjustment:
- at any pressure, up to 1 MPa (10 bar);
- with any pressure variation, up to 1 MPa (10 bar);
- in permanent duty at a limited temperature of 65 °C and for maximum 1 h at 90 °C.
It specifies also the test methods and requirements for verifying their characteristics, the marking and the presentation at delivery.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the characteristics and the requirements of air gap with non-circular overflow (unrestricted) Family A, Type B for nominal flow velocity not exceeding 3 m/s. Air gaps are devices for protection of potable water in water installations from pollution by backflow. This document applies to air gaps in factory-assembled products and to constructed air gaps in situ and specifies requirements and methods to verify and ensure compliance with this document during normal working use.
The fluid in the receiving vessel is assumed to have similar properties to water. Where this is not the case, additional care or tests could be required to verify the efficacy of the solution in practical use.
The AB device is intended to be used in potable water installations according to EN 806 (all parts).
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidance and specifications for the operation and maintenance (O&M) of on-site domestic wastewater services, using appropriate technologies at any level of development. This document supplements and is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 24513 and ISO 24521. This document provides assistance to relevant authorities, training organizations, certification bodies and other responsible entities for the development of regulations, plans and manuals, as well as information and training materials addressed to operators and users of on-site domestic wastewater systems (ODWS). This document is applicable to both publicly and privately operated on-site domestic wastewater (blackwater and greywater) systems for one or more dwellings or other premises where wastewater is generated. The scope of this document includes the following: - O&M of ODWS from the operator’s perspective; - O&M of ODWS from the user’s perspective; - training and information aspects; - environmental, health and safety issues. The following are outside the scope of this document: - detailed design of ODWS; - limits of acceptability for discharge of wastewater or sludge; - analytical methods; - management structure of wastewater services’ activities for O&M; - content of contracts or subcontracts. NOTE 1 Management of ODWS, especially in rural areas and areas under development, is sometimes provided by the owners of the premises where wastewater is generated. In such cases, the owners of the premises carry out the management themselves. In this document, the term “services” includes “self-services” provided by the owners or users of the premises. NOTE 2 Especially in undeveloped areas, sanitary wastewater is collected in an undiluted form. Sources of sanitary wastewater in this document are domestic, excluding stormwater runoff. NOTE 3 The designation of activities as operation activities or maintenance activities can differ according to the local context. However, it is important that activities essential for the proper functioning of ODWS are carried out, no matter how these activities are designated.
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