CEN/TC 178 - Paving units and kerbs

This document specifies the method of measurement and acceptance criteria for the dimensions for surface profile features and patterns for the surface of pedestrian paving units, used to convey information for visually impaired people. It applies to paving units made of concrete, clay and stone where the tactile profiles are monolithic with the unit.
The surface profiles are intended to be applied to units manufactured to EN 1338, EN 1339, EN 1341, and EN 1344 which can be square or rectangular as specified by the designer.
It does not specify dimensions of a single tactile paving layout or profile but proposes ranges within which these dimensions should fall. Default dimensions are given in the absence of a national requirement.
This document proposes methods of measurement of profiles, light reflectance and colour but does not specify requirements for these characteristics. These properties will be decided by the designer taking into account the regulations, codes of practice, and guidance in the place of use of the units.
It does not specify material characteristics.

This European Standard specifies the requirements of pavers and accessories manufactured from clay for use in the flexible form of construction (see 3.10) and in the rigid form of construction (see 3.11).
This European Standard applies to rectangular and other shaped units intended as construction products in pavements mainly for exterior use, including roofs as roof paving units, but which may also be used internally. The flexible form of construction is subjected to pedestrian and vehicular traffic, while the rigid form of construction is usually subjected to pedestrian traffic.
This European Standard specifies the characteristics and classes of performance and corresponding test methods. It provides for product marking and for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard.
This European Standard covers only clay pavers and accessories with or without coatings and with or without post firing chemical treatment which do not contain any material with asbestos fibres nor contain formaldehyde.
It excludes products intended for refractory and chemical engineering applications and clay floor tiles. It also excludes clay masonry units.
This European standard does not cover clay pavers having tactile surfaces.

This Technical Specification describes a laboratory method for polishing paving units using a flat-bed polishing machine prior to the measurement of slip and skid resistance to evaluate the durability of this characteristic. This Technical Specification may not be applicable to profiled paving units: for these types of units the method of polishing does not reflect the polishing in practice.

This European Standard specifies the performance requirements and the corresponding test methods for all natural stone setts used for external paving and road finishes.
External paving use includes all pavements typical of road works, such as pedestrian and trafficked areas, outdoor squares and similar to be used in an outdoor condition that are subject to the weathering agents, such as temperature changes, rain, ice, wind, etc.
This European Standard provides also for the evaluation of conformity and for marking of the natural stone setts.
This European Standard also covers characteristics that are of importance to the trade.

This European Standard specifies the performance requirements and the corresponding test methods for all natural stone kerbs used for external paving and road finishes.
External paving use includes all pavements typical of road works, such as pedestrian and trafficked areas, outdoor squares and similar to be used in an outdoor condition that are subject to the weathering agents, such as temperature changes, rain, ice, wind, etc.
This European Standard provides also for the evaluation of conformity and for marking of the natural stone slabs.
This European Standard also covers characteristics that are of importance to the trade.

This European Standard specifies the performance requirements and the corresponding test methods for all natural stone slabs used for external paving and road finishes.
External paving use includes all pavements typical of road works, such as pedestrian and trafficked areas, outdoor squares and similar to be used in an outdoor condition that are subject to the weathering agents, such as temperature changes, rain, ice, wind, etc.
This European Standard provides also for the evaluation of conformity and for marking of the natural stone slabs.
This European Standard covers also characteristics that are of importance to the trade.
This European standard does not cover natural stone slabs for floors and stairs in buildings. In these cases EN 12058 [1] applies.

This European Standard specifies the requirements of pavers and accessories manufactured from clay for use in the flexible form of construction (see 3.10) and in the rigid form of construction (see 3.11).
This European Standard applies to rectangular and other shaped units intended as construction products in pavements mainly for exterior use, including roofs as roof paving units, but which may also be used internally. The flexible form of construction is subjected to pedestrian and vehicular traffic, while the rigid form of construction is usually subjected to pedestrian traffic.
This European Standard specifies the characteristics and classes of performance and corresponding test methods. It provides for product marking and for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard.
This European Standard covers only clay pavers and accessories with or without coatings and with or without post firing chemical treatment which do not contain any material with asbestos fibres nor contain formaldehyde.
It excludes products intended for refractory and chemical engineering applications and clay floor tiles. It also excludes clay masonry units.
This European standard does not cover clay pavers having tactile surfaces.

TC - Various modifications throughout text

TC - Various modifications throughout text

TC - Various modifications throughout text

This European Standard specifies materials, properties, requirements and test methods for cement bound unreinforced concrete paving flags and complementary fittings.
It is applicable to precast concrete paving flags and complementary fittings that are particularly for use in external trafficked paved areas and roof coverings.
In case of regular use of studded tyres additional requirements are sometimes needed.
This standard does not deal with the tactility or visibility of flags nor with permeable flags.
This standard provides for the product marking and the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard.

This European Standard specifies materials, properties, requirements and test methods for unreinforced cement bound concrete paving blocks and complementary fittings. It is applicable to precast concrete paving blocks and complementary fittings for pedestrian use, vehicular use and roof coverings, e.g. footpaths, precincts, cycle tracks, car parks, roads, highways, industrial areas (including docks and harbours), aircraft pavements, bus stations, petrol filling stations.
In case of regular use of studded tyres additional requirements are sometimes needed.
This standard does not deal with the tactility or visibility of blocks nor with permeable blocks.
This standard provides for the product marking and the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard.

This European Standard specifies materials, properties, requirements and test methods for unreinforced, cement bound precast concrete kerbs, channels and complementary fittings, that are particularly for use in external trafficked paved areas and roof coverings.
The units are used to fulfil one or more of the following:
Separation, physical or visual delineation, the provision of drainage or the containment of paved areas or other surfacing.
In case of regular use of studded tyres, additional requirements are sometimes needed.
This standard provides for the product marking and the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European standard.
Apart from the tolerances, this standard does not include requirements for cross-sections, shapes and dimensions.
This standard does not deal with the tactility or visibility of kerbs.

This European Standard specifies materials, properties, requirements and test methods for unreinforced, cement bound precast concrete kerb units, channels and complementary fittings, that are for use in  trafficked paved areas and roof coverings.
The units are used to fulfil one or more of the following:
Separation, physical or visual delineation, the provision of drainage or the containment of paved areas or other surfacing.
In case of regular use of studded tyres, additional requirements are sometimes needed.
This standard provides for the product marking and the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European standard.
Apart from the tolerances, this standard does not include requirements for cross-sections, shapes and dimensions.
This standard does not deal with the tactility or visibility of kerbs.

This European Standard specifies materials, properties, requirements and test methods for unreinforced cement bound concrete paving blocks and complementary fittings. It is applicable to precast concrete paving blocks and complementary fittings for pedestrian use, vehicular use and roof coverings, e.g. footpaths, precincts, cycle tracks, car parks, roads, highways, industrial areas (including docks and harbours), aircraft pavements, bus stations, petrol filling stations.
This standard does not deal with the tactility or visibility of blocks
Blocks with side features to provide wider joints for permeable pavements are included.
Permable blocks with large holes or voids or with an interconnected pore structure to allow water to pass through the block to provide a porous pavement are not included.  
In case of regular use of studded tyres additional requirements are sometimes needed.
This standard provides for the product marking and the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard.

This European Standard specifies materials, properties, requirements and test methods for cement bound unreinforced concrete paving flags and complementary fittings.
It is applicable to precast concrete paving flags and complementary fittings that are for use in trafficked paved areas and roof coverings.
In case of regular use of studded tyres additional requirements are sometimes needed.
This standard does not deal with the tactility or visibility of flags nor with permeable flags.
This standard provides for the product marking and the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard.

This European Standard specifies the requirements for pavers manufactured from clay for use in the flexible form of construction (pavers laid with narrow sand-filled joints on a sand bed). The standard applies to rectangular and other shaped units intended as construction products mainly used for external use in pavements including enclosed public transport premises. It excludes products intended for refractory and chemical engineering applications, and clay floor tiles.

This document specifies the nominal dimensions for surface profile features and patterns for the surfaces of pedestrian paving units, used to convey information for visually impaired people. It applies to paving units made of concrete, clay and stone.
This document does not specify requirements for visibility (colour, luminance contrast or profile) except where this visibility is provided by the tactile paving surface indicator. It does not specify material characteristics.
NOTE 1   See Introduction for an explanation for the exclusion of luminance contrast requirements.
NOTE 2   A guide to the various applications of tactile surfaces in a number of European countries is given in informative Annex A.

Describes a method for determining in the laboratory the skid resistance of a product after ageing in use, including an accelerated polishing test.

This European Standard specifies the requirements of pavers and accessories manufactured from clay for use in the flexible form of construction (pavers laid with narrow sand-filled joints on a sand bed) and in the rigid form of construction (pavers laid with cementitious mortar joints on a similar mortar bed, itself placed on a rigid base).
The standard applies to rectangular and other shaped units intended as construction products mainly for exterior use in pavements but which may also be used internally.  The flexible form of construction will be subjected to pedestrian and vehicular traffic, while the rigid form of construction is usually subjected to pedestrian traffic.  It excludes products intended for refractory and chemical engineering applications and clay floor tiles.  It also excludes clay masonry units.  This Standard does not deal with the tactility or visibility of units.
This European Standard specifies the characteristics and classes of performance measured according to test methods given in normative annexes. It provides for product marking and for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard.

This European Standard specifies the performance requirements and the corresponding test methods for all natural stone slabs, for external paving use. It provides for product marking and for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard. This European Standard covers also characteristics that are of importance to the trade. It does not cover internal flooring tiles or slabs nor does it cover the effect of de-icing salts.

This European standard specifies the performance requirements and the corresponding test methods for all natural stone setts for external paving use. It provides for product marking and for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard. This European Standard also covers characteristics that are of importance to the trade. It does not cover the effect of de-icing salts.

This European Standard specifies the performance requirements and the corresponding test methods for natural stone kerbs, for external use. It provides for product marking and for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard. This European Standard covers also characteristics that are of importance to the trade. It does not cover the effect of de-icing salts.

This European Standard specifies the performance requirements and the corresponding test methods for all natural stone slabs, for external paving use. It provides for product marking and for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard. This European Standard covers also characteristics that are of importance to the trade. It does not cover internal flooring tiles or slabs nor does it cover the effect of de-icing salts.

This European standard specifies the performance requirements and the corresponding test methods for all natural stone setts for external paving use. It provides for product marking and for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard. This European Standard also covers characteristics that are of importance to the trade. It does not cover the effect of de-icing salts.

This European Standard specifies the performance requirements and the corresponding test methods for natural stone kerbs, for external use. It provides for product marking and for the evaluation of conformity of the product to this European Standard. This European Standard covers also characteristics that are of importance to the trade. It does not cover the effect of de-icing salts.