93.080.10 - Road construction
ICS 93.080.10 Details
Road construction
Stra?enbautechnik
Construction des routes
Gradnja cest
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 93.080.10 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Road construction". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 314 standards classified under ICS 93.080.10 (Road construction). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies the mathematical processing of digitized transverse profile measurements to produce indices in the transverse direction for unevenness, other defects and crossfall. The document describes the calculation methods of the indices, such as irregularities, (1) rut depth, (2) ridge height, (3) water depth and area, (4) crossfall, and how to evaluate and report the indices. It also describes possibilities to do further analysis to examine defects and problems on the road that can be seen in the transverse profile. The latter is described in Annex E.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the mathematical processing of digitized transverse profile measurements to produce indices in the transverse direction for unevenness, other defects and crossfall. The document describes the calculation methods of the indices, such as irregularities, (1) rut depth, (2) ridge height, (3) water depth and area, (4) crossfall, and how to evaluate and report the indices. It also describes possibilities to do further analysis to examine defects and problems on the road that can be seen in the transverse profile. The latter is described in Annex E.
- Standard40 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document establishes content for commercial specifications for sweepers that are self-propelled (see Annex A) with an integrated chassis, chassis-mounted, pedestrian-controlled or towed behind a vehicle. This document applies to road surface cleaning machines used in outdoor improved surface applications for cleaning debris from public areas, roads, airports and industrial plants. This document does not specifically cover the carrier vehicle or towing vehicle (e.g. lorry). This document does not apply to: - cleaning machines for winter maintenance; - cleaning machines for indoor applications; - rotary road brush attachments which can be coupled to tractors and other machinery; - machines or components that are specifically designed for cleaning tram lines and rail tracks; - industrial sweepers.
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint filler having relatively little extrusion and substantial recovery after release from compression.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: Attention is called to Specifications D1752 and D994/D994M.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers preformed expansion joint fillers for use in concrete, brick, stone, and other paving and structural construction. The fillers are available in the following types: Type I, sponge rubber, which shall consist of preformed strips of a durable elastic sponge rubber compound using synthetic rubber or natural rubber as a base and containing no reclaim rubber or factice; Type II, cork, and Type III, self-expanding cork, which shall both consist of preformed strips that have been formed from clean granulated cork particles securely bound together by a synthetic resin of an incoluble nature; and Type IV, recycled PVC, which shall consist of preformed strips that have been extruded using scrap PVC material and using either no binder or a synthetic resin of an insoluble nature to securely bind it together. Materials shall be sampled suitably according to specified size and number, and shall meet property requirements as to recovery, compression, extrusion, expansion, boiling in hydrochloric acid, and density.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers preformed expansion joint fillers of the following four types for use in concrete, brick, or stone construction.
1.1.1 Type I—Sponge rubber.
1.1.2 Type II—Cork.
1.1.3 Type III—Self-expanding cork.
1.1.4 Type IV—Recycled PVC.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: Attention is called to Specifications D994/D994M and D1751.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The test method described is useful as a rapid, nondestructive technique for determining the in-place density of compacted asphalt mixtures.
4.2 With proper calibration and confirmation testing, the test method is suitable for quality control and acceptance testing of compacted asphalt mixtures.
4.3 The test method can be used to establish the proper rolling effort and pattern to achieve the required density.
4.4 The nondestructive nature of the test allows repetitive measurements to be made at a single test location between roller passes and to monitor changes in density.
4.5 The density results obtained by this test method are relative. Correlation with other test methods such as D1188/D1188M, D2726/D2726M, or D6752/D6752M is required to convert the results obtained using this method to actual density. It is recommended that at least seven core densities and seven nuclear densities be used to establish a conversion factor. A new factor must be established at any time a change is made in the paving mixture or in the construction process.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a test procedure for determining the density of asphalt mixtures by the attenuation of gamma radiation, where the source and detector(s) remain on the surface (backscatter method) or the source or detector is placed at a known depth up to 300 mm [12 in.] while the detector or source remains on the surface (direct transmission method).
1.2 The density, in mass per unit volume of the material under test, is determined by comparing the detected rate of gamma emissions with previously established calibration data.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guide for significant digits and rounding established in Practice D6026.
1.5 For limitations, see Section 5 on Interferences.
1.6 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard. It is the recommendation of Committee D04 that the following note be added to the end of the Significance and Use section of all applicable standards. Applicable standards are those in which measurement or calibration are made, sample are procured, or products are selected. The subcommittee shall determine the appropriateness of adding the note throughout the consensus process.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Section 7.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Develo...
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- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 General:
4.1.1 Sampling is equally as important as the testing, and the sampler shall take every precaution to obtain samples that will yield an acceptable estimate of the nature and conditions of the materials which they represent.
4.1.2 Samples for the development of preliminary data are obtained by the party responsible for the development of the data. Samples for control of the product at the source of manufacture or storage, or at the site of use, are obtained by the manufacturer, contractor, or other parties responsible for accomplishing the work. Samples for tests to be used in acceptance or rejection decisions by the purchaser are obtained by the purchaser or his authorized representative.
4.1.3 This standard shall not be used for the sampling of compacted asphalt mixtures. Practice D5361/D5361M shall be used.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers sampling of asphalt mixtures at points of manufacture, storage, delivery, or in place.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Some contract documents specify certain aggregate sizes for specific uses or may suggest one or more of these sizes as appropriate for the preparation of various end-product mixtures. In some cases, closer limits on variability of the aggregate grading are required.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification defines aggregate size number designations and standard size ranges for mechanical sieve analyses of coarse aggregate and screenings for use in the construction and maintenance of various types of highways and bridges.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.3 The text of this classification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the classification.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers fine aggregate for use in bituminous paving mixtures. The aggregate shall be sampled to meet the requirements prescribed. Grading, fineness modulus and plasticity index shall be tested to meet the requirements prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers fine aggregate for use in asphalt paving mixtures.
1.2 This specification is intended to describe material from a single source. When material from two or more sources is to be blended to produce a grading to meet requirements in other specifications for asphalt paving mixtures, the grading requirements of Table 1 of this specification are not applicable.
Note 1: When obtaining materials from two or more sources that are to be blended to produce the final mix, it is recommended that the specifying or the ordering agency specify the alternative gradings and blend ratios to be supplied.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Sieve numbers shown in the text and Table 1 are labels only and are included for ease of reference of the user of this standard.
1.4 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the quality and sizes of crushed stone, crushed slag, crushed expanded shale, crushed expanded clay, crushed expanded slate, and crushed or uncrushed gravel suitable for use as aggregate in single or multiple bituminous surface treatments. Tests shall be performed to determine the properties of the material in accordance with the following test methods: sampling; random sampling; degradation resistance; bulk density of aggregates; sulfate soundness; sieve analysis; clay lumps and friable particles; lightweight pieces; and flat and elongated pieces.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the quality and sizes of crushed stone, crushed slag, crushed expanded shale, crushed expanded clay, crushed expanded slate, and crushed or uncrushed gravel suitable for use as aggregate in single or multiple asphalt surface treatments.
1.2 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3.1 Regarding sieves, per Specification E11: “The values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for the dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the diameter of the wires used in the wire cloth. The values stated in inch-pound units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames.” When sieve mesh sizes are referenced, the alternate inch-pound designations are provided for information purposes and enclosed in parentheses.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document applies to pedestrian-controlled floor-sawing machines having travel power feed or manual feed (see 3.1) for sawing, grooving and milling floor surfaces made of concrete, asphalt and similar mineral building materials where the main power is supplied by electric or internal combustion prime engine. The power transmission of floor-sawing machines is mechanical or hydraulic.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to floor sawing machines, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A). This document specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards during the lifetime of the machinery as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
These machines are designed for use with rotating cutting-off wheels for wet and dry cutting. These cutting-off wheels can be either a diamond cutting-off wheel or a boron nitride cutting-off wheel.
This document does not apply to:
- self-propelled ride-on floor-sawing machines;
- machines moving along a rail;
- hand-held portable cutting off machines for construction materials mounted on a mobile support, to be used as floor saws;
- remote-controlled machines.
In this document, floor-sawing machines are called “machines”, and cutting-off wheels are also called “tools”.
This document applies to machines which are manufactured after the date of approval of the standard by CEN.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers brick intended for use as paving material subjected to pedestrian and light vehicular traffic. The units are designed for use in pedestrian applications and vehicular areas that are subjected to low volumes of vehicular traffic, such as residential driveways and streets and commercial driveways (passenger drop-offs). Abrasion resistance is specified by one of three types: type I - brick subjected to extensive vibration, type II - brick subjected to intermediate abrasion, and type III - brick subjected to low abrasion. The brick shall conform to the physical requirements for the class specified as prescribed. The requirements for water absorption (24-h cold) and saturation coefficient specified, shall not be required if a sample of five brick survives 15 cycles of the sulfate soundness test. The brick shall meet the requirements of either column for the applicable traffic use.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use as paving material subjected to pedestrian and light vehicular traffic. The units are designed for use in pedestrian applications and vehicular areas that are subjected to low volumes of vehicular traffic, such as residential driveways and streets and commercial driveways (passenger drop-offs). The units are not intended to support heavy vehicular traffic covered by Specification C1272 or for industrial applications covered by Specification C410.
Note 1: Heavy vehicular traffic is defined as high volumes of heavy vehicles (trucks having 3 or more axles) in Specification C1272.
1.2 The requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted from pavements for determining compliance with the requirements of this specification is beyond the intent of this standard.
1.3 Brick are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatment at elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide the strength and durability requirement of this specification (see Terminology C1232).
1.4 Use of this standard and the requirements herein to evaluate and corroborate the performance of a paving unit made from other materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials is not covered by the scope of this standard.
1.5 The brick are available in a variety of sizes, colors, and shapes. They are available in three classes according to exposure environment and three types according to type of traffic exposure.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SCOPE
1.1 This standard incorporates generic terms and generic definitions of terms specifically associated with road and paving materials. These generic terms and definitions are used within the standards developed by Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials.
1.2 Only terms that appear in more than one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 will be included in Section 3 of Terminology D8. Terms that were historically part of this terminology but never appeared, or no longer appear, in more than one standard under the jurisdiction of Committee D04 are listed in Appendix X1. The terms in Appendix X1 are not maintained and updated by Subcommittee D04.91. The terms in Appendix X1 are available for reference purposes only. The terminology in Appendix X1 may not reflect current practices, standards, and technology used in materials for roads and pavements.
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies test methods for determining the slip resistance of surfaces used by pedestrians.
NOTE It is also possible to use this document for measurements where persons might walk on trafficked areas.
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This document applies to pedestrian-controlled floor-sawing machines having travel power feed or manual feed (see 3.1) for sawing, grooving and milling floor surfaces made of concrete, asphalt and similar mineral building materials where the main power is supplied by electric or internal combustion prime engine. The power transmission of floor-sawing machines is mechanical or hydraulic.
This document deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to floor sawing machines, when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer (see Annex A). This document specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards during the lifetime of the machinery as described in EN ISO 12100:2010, 5.4.
These machines are designed for use with rotating cutting-off wheels for wet and dry cutting. These cutting-off wheels can be either a diamond cutting-off wheel or a boron nitride cutting-off wheel.
This document does not apply to:
- self-propelled ride-on floor-sawing machines;
- machines moving along a rail;
- hand-held portable cutting off machines for construction materials mounted on a mobile support, to be used as floor saws;
- remote-controlled machines.
In this document, floor-sawing machines are called “machines”, and cutting-off wheels are also called “tools”.
This document applies to machines which are manufactured after the date of approval of the standard by CEN.
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the method of measurement and acceptance criteria for the dimensions for surface profile features and patterns for the surface of pedestrian paving units, used to convey information for visually impaired people. It applies to paving units made of concrete, clay and stone where the tactile profiles are monolithic with the unit.
The surface profiles are intended to be applied to units manufactured to EN 1338, EN 1339, EN 1341, and EN 1344 which can be square or rectangular as specified by the designer.
It does not specify dimensions of a single tactile paving layout or profile but proposes ranges within which these dimensions should fall. Default dimensions are given in the absence of a national requirement.
This document proposes methods of measurement of profiles, light reflectance and colour but does not specify requirements for these characteristics. These properties will be decided by the designer taking into account the regulations, codes of practice, and guidance in the place of use of the units.
It does not specify material characteristics.
- Technical specification29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the method of measurement and acceptance criteria for the dimensions for surface profile features and patterns for the surface of pedestrian paving units, used to convey information for visually impaired people. It applies to paving units made of concrete, clay and stone where the tactile profiles are monolithic with the unit.
The surface profiles are intended to be applied to units manufactured to EN 1338, EN 1339, EN 1341, and EN 1344 which can be square or rectangular as specified by the designer.
It does not specify dimensions of a single tactile paving layout or profile but proposes ranges within which these dimensions should fall. Default dimensions are given in the absence of a national requirement.
This document proposes methods of measurement of profiles, light reflectance and colour but does not specify requirements for these characteristics. These properties will be decided by the designer taking into account the regulations, codes of practice, and guidance in the place of use of the units.
It does not specify material characteristics.
- Technical specification29 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies test methods for determining the slip resistance of surfaces used by pedestrians.
NOTE It is also possible to use this document for measurements where persons might walk on trafficked areas.
- Standard53 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These slurry seal practices are written as a guide and should not be construed as specifications.
4.2 End-use specifications should be adopted to conform to job and user requirements.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 These practices cover the design, testing, and construction of mixtures for surface treatment of pavements. It is written as a guide and should be used as such. End-use specifications should be adapted to conform to job and user requirements.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The non-SI units used in this standard are allowed by the subcommittee for clarification in the use of the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document establishes the content for commercial specifications for paver-finishers used in road construction and maintenance processes for the placement and pre-compaction of paving materials. It covers the machine and its components and establishes parameters for technical characteristics for both. This document does not cover commercial specifications for road wideners which can perform similarly to a paver-finisher under certain conditions.
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This document establishes the terminology and the content of commercial literature specifications for bituminous binder sprayers and synchronous bituminous binder sprayers-chip spreaders (i.e. synchronised combined units) including their components and their technical characteristics. This document covers cold and hot bituminous binder sprayers.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Recycling of deteriorated asphalt pavements is being used with increasing frequency for its economy and benefit of conserving raw materials. The objective of recycling is to reuse the two ingredients of asphalt concrete-aggregate and asphalt binder and to restore the desired properties to the mixture. Recycling is carried out hot or cold, depending on the condition of the deteriorated pavement, construction procedure, availability of equipment, and cost. This classification is for classifying recycling agents to be used in recycled asphalt mixtures.
Note 3: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing, sampling, inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or some similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard covers a standardized method whereby recycling agents to be used in hot recycling of asphalt concrete can be classified. The recycling agents are classified by viscosity in mm2/s measured at 60 °C [140 °F]. This classification does not apply to emulsified recycling agents.
1.2 This standard does not address the performance of asphalt binder blends with recycling agents, or that of hot-mix asphalt mixture containing recycling agents. Adherence of a recycling agent to this specification does not necessarily relate to the performance of asphalt binders and mixtures containing the recycling agents.
Note 1: The impact of recycling agents has been evaluated by extracting the asphalt binder from the pavement to be recycled, and combining with the recycling agent to meet the appropriate grade within Specification D946/D946M or Table 1, 2, or 3 of Specification D3381/D3381M. More recently, some specifications have referred to performance grading as described in Specification D6373 or D8239.
Note 2: Efforts are underway to utilize performance-based testing of the asphalt mixture containing recycling agents as a measure of compliance.
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This specification covers coarse aggregates such as crushed stone, crushed hydraulic-cement concrete, crushed blast-furnace slag, crushed gravel, crushed expanded shale, crushed expanded clay, and crushed expanded slate suitable for use in bituminous paving mixtures. The aggregates shall consist of hard, strong, durable pieces, free of coherent coatings. They shall be sampled for testing, and shall conform to physical requirements as to bulk density, composition for both conventional and open graded friction course mixtures, polishing characteristics, soundness, and degradation behavior.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers crushed stone, crushed hydraulic-cement concrete, crushed blast-furnace slag, crushed gravel, crushed expanded shale, crushed expanded clay, and crushed expanded slate suitable for use in asphalt paving mixtures, as described in Specification D3515 or D4215.
Note 1: Other slags having demonstrated a satisfactory service record may be used.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers quality-controlled graded aggregates that, when hauled to and properly spread and compacted on a prepared grade to appropriate density standards, may be expected to provide adequate stability and load support for use as highway or airport bases or subbases. Coarse aggregate retained on the sieve shall consist of durable particles of crushed stone, gravel, or slag capable of withstanding the effects of handling, spreading, and compacting without degradation productive of deleterious fines. Fine aggregate passing through the sieve shall normally consist of fines from the operation of crushing the coarse aggregate. Where available and suitable, addition of natural sand or finer mineral matter, or both, is not prohibited. The following tests shall be performed: grain-size test (dry and wet sieving), liquid limit test, plastic limit test, plasticity index test, sand equivalent value test, and expansion test.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers quality-controlled graded aggregates that, when hauled to and properly spread and compacted on a prepared grade to appropriate density standards, may be expected to provide adequate stability and load support for use as highway or airport bases or subbases.
Note 1: The engineer is cautioned to provide appropriate construction specifications to ensure compaction to an extent that further densification from traffic loadings on the completed pavement will be insignificant. The method suggested is to require compaction on a firm foundation of a short control strip of the material at a suitable moisture content, by means of vibratory or other proven effective rollers or tampers, until no further increase in density results. Compaction requirements should ensure that an average density of certain appropriate percentages of the control strip maximum density be achieved on the balance of the job; for base courses, 98 % is suggested as the minimum average requirement.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Technical specification3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the mathematical processing of digitized longitudinal profile measurements to produce evenness indices. The document describes the calculation procedure for the International Roughness Index (IRI), Root Mean Square (RMS) and Longitudinal Profile Variance (LPV) from three separate wavelength bands and the σWLP and ΔWLP from the Weighted Longitudinal Profile (WLP).
The purpose of this document is to provide a standard practice for calculating and reporting estimates of road evenness from digitized longitudinal profiles. Other aims with this document are to facilitate the comparison of evenness measurement results carried out with different profiling instruments in European countries.
The evenness range covered in this document is defined as the wavelength range 0,5 m to 50 m. It is noted that both shorter and longer wavelengths can also influence the driving comfort but those are not covered in this document.
The quantified evenness indices derived from this document are useful support for pavement management systems. The output can also be used for type approval and performance control of new and old pavements. The indices can be used on rigid, flexible and gravel road surfaces.
This document doesn’t define from what position on the road the longitudinal profile should be obtained.
The derived indices are portable in the sense that they can be obtained from longitudinal profiles measured with a variety of instruments.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers high calcium, dolomitic and magnesian-hydrated lime for use in asphalt cement or bituminous pavements. Hydrated lime, either dry or slurry form, shall conform to the chemical composition requirements for calcium and magnesium oxides, carbon dioxide, unhydrated calcium and magnesium oxides, and free moisture of dry hydrates as shall be determined by chemical analysis. The particle size of hydrated lime shall also be determined using a standardized spray nozzle and pressure gauge.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers high calcium, dolomitic and magnesian-hydrated lime for use in asphalt cement or bituminous paving mixtures.
Note 1: Hydrated lime, either calcitic, dolomitic, or magnesian, improves bonding of bitumen and aggregates which reduces susceptibility to moisture damage, reduces age hardening by chemically stabilizing polar compounds found in asphalts, and increases initial stiffness of asphalt mixtures.
Note 2: No attempt is made to present requirements for any by-product lime.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the mathematical processing of digitized longitudinal profile measurements to produce evenness indices. The document describes the calculation procedure for the International Roughness Index (IRI), Root Mean Square (RMS) and Longitudinal Profile Variance (LPV) from three separate wavelength bands and the σWLP and ΔWLP from the Weighted Longitudinal Profile (WLP).
The purpose of this document is to provide a standard practice for calculating and reporting estimates of road evenness from digitized longitudinal profiles. Other aims with this document are to facilitate the comparison of evenness measurement results carried out with different profiling instruments in European countries.
The evenness range covered in this document is defined as the wavelength range 0,5 m to 50 m. It is noted that both shorter and longer wavelengths can also influence the driving comfort but those are not covered in this document.
The quantified evenness indices derived from this document are useful support for pavement management systems. The output can also be used for type approval and performance control of new and old pavements. The indices can be used on rigid, flexible and gravel road surfaces.
This document doesn’t define from what position on the road the longitudinal profile should be obtained.
The derived indices are portable in the sense that they can be obtained from longitudinal profiles measured with a variety of instruments.
- Standard53 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document describes a test method to determine the average depth of pavement surface macrotexture (see Clause 3) by measuring the profile of a surface and calculating the texture depth from this profile. The technique is designed to provide an average depth value of only the pavement macrotexture and is considered insensitive to pavement microtexture and unevenness characteristics.
The objective of this document is to make available an internationally accepted procedure for determination of pavement surface texture depth which is an alternative to the traditionally used volumetric patch technique (generally using sand or glass beads), giving comparable texture depth values. To this end, this document describes filtering procedures that are designed to give the best possible representation of texture depths determined with the volumetric patch method[13].
Modern profilometers in use are almost entirely of the contactless type (e.g. laser, light slit or light sheet, to mention a few) and this document is primarily intended for this type. However, this does not exclude application of parts of it for other types of profilometers.
This ISO 13473 series has been prepared as a result of a need identified when specifying a test surface for vehicle noise measurement (see ISO 10844:2014[6]). Macrotexture depth measurements according to this document are not generally adequate for specifying test conditions of vehicle or traffic noise measurements, but have limited applications as a supplement in conjunction with other ways of specifying a surfacing.
This test method is suitable for determining the mean profile depth (MPD) of a pavement surface. This MPD can be transformed to a quantity which estimates the macrotexture depth according to the volumetric patch method. It is applicable to field tests as well as laboratory tests on pavement samples. When used in conjunction with other physical tests, the macrotexture depth values derived from this test method are applicable to estimation of pavement skid resistance characteristics (see e.g. Reference [15]), estimation of noise characteristics and assessment of the suitability of paving materials or pavement finishing techniques.
The method, together with other measurements (where applicable), such as porosity or microtexture, can be used to assess the quality of pavements.
This document is adapted for pavement texture measurement and is not intended for other applications. Pavement aggregate particle shape, size and distribution are surface texture features not addressed in this procedure. The method is not meant to provide a complete assessment of pavement surface texture characteristics. In particular, it is known that there are problems in interpreting the result if the method is applied to porous surfaces or to grooved surfaces (see Annex B).
NOTE Other International Standards dealing with surface profiling methods include, for example, References [1], [2] and [3]. Although it is not clearly stated in these, they are mainly used for measuring surface finish (microtexture) of metal surfaces and are not intended to be applied to pavements.
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- Standard52 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Pitch does not go through a solid-liquid phase change when heated, and therefore does not have a true melting point. As the temperature is raised pitch gradually softens or becomes less viscous. For this reason, the determination of the softening point must be made by an arbitrary, but closely defined, method if the test values are to be reproducible.
4.2 This test method is useful in determining the consistency of pitches as one element in establishing the uniformity of shipments or sources of supply.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the softening point of pitches having softening points in the range from 50 °C to 180 °C by this test method, and gives results comparable to those obtained by Test Method D2319 above 80 °C (176 °F).
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document establishes the terminology, functions, types and characteristics of road milling machinery. It is applicable to the planing of pavements made of concrete, asphalt and similar materials with a view to removing them.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method assigns an empirical value to the relative amount, fineness, and character of clay-like material that may be generated in an aggregate when subjected to mechanical degradation.
4.2 The procedure has been used in limited geographical areas of the United States, and the results have been correlated with aggregate performance in various construction applications, including: aggregate base, permeable material for backfill, fine concrete aggregate, and riprap for rock slope protection.3,4
4.3 A minimum durability index is permitted to be specified to prohibit the use of an aggregate in various construction applications that is prone to degradation, resulting in generation of clay-like fines.
4.4 This test method provides a rapid test for evaluation of the quality of a new aggregate source. Research has indicated it may also be suitable for use instead of the sodium sulfate soundness test for evaluating the durability characteristics of fine aggregate for use in portland cement concrete, thereby reducing the need for time-consuming and expensive soundness tests.3
4.5 Although the application of this method has been limited to aggregates for specific construction uses, the possibility exists for expanding the application of this method to control the quality of aggregates used in other areas of construction, such as aggregates for use in bituminous paving mixtures, coarse aggregate for use in portland cement concrete, and aggregate for use as railroad ballast.
Note 1: The text of this test method references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the test method.
Note 2: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of a durability index of an aggregate. The calculated durability index is a value indicating the relative resistance of an aggregate to production of detrimental clay-like fines when subjected to the prescribed mechanical methods of degradation.
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.2.1 Measurements of volume and mass are only given in SI units because they are the only units typically used in practice when performing this test method.
1.2.2 Measurements in Section 11, Section 15, Eq 3, Eq 4, and Table 1 are only given in inch-pound units because the equipment used in these sections is only manufactured using the inch-pound system.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers a lubricant suitable for facilitating the insertion and positioning of preformed elastomeric compression seals in prepared voids (usually contraction joints) in concrete pavements. The lubricant shall be based on polychloroprene, containing only soluble phenolic resins blended together with antioxidants and acid acceptors in a suitable mixture of organic solvents. The requirements of the lubricant are based on the performance of the lubricant as measured by its solids content, homogeneity, consistency and drying rate.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a lubricant suitable for facilitating the insertion and positioning of preformed elastomeric compression seals in prepared voids (usually contraction joints) in concrete pavement.
1.2 The requirements of the lubricant are based on the performance of the lubricant as measured by its solids content, homogeneity, consistency, and drying rate.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of U.S. customary units may be approximate.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 7 of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The compressive strength of specimens prepared and tested by this test method along with density and voids properties are used for laboratory mix design of asphalt mixtures. One approach is described in ASTM STP 252.4
3.1.1 This test method also describes the methods for molding, curing, and testing of specimens being evaluated by Test Method D1075.
3.1.2 When used in conjunction with other mixture physical properties, the compressive strength may contribute to the overall mixture characterization and is one factor determining its suitability for use under given loading conditions and environment as a highway paving material.
3.2 Typical values of minimum compressive strengths for design of asphalt mixtures by this test method for different traffic densities are given in Table 401-1 of the Standard Specifications for Construction of Roads and Bridges on Federal Highway Projects.3 Some state departments of transportation and federal agencies have specific requirements of their own based on their experience with this test method. The agencies should be consulted for their specific requirements if work is to meet their standards.
3.3 Reheated mixtures are permissible in this test method, but the resulting compressive strengths will be higher than for newly prepared mixtures due to the change in the binder viscosity, an element of the compressive strength as measured under these loading conditions and temperature.5
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent on the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; following the suggest...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a method for measuring the compressive strength of compacted asphalt mixtures. It is for use with specimens weighed, batched, mixed, and fabricated in the laboratory, as well as for mixtures manufactured in a hot-mix plant.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The amount and size distribution of noncarbonate (insoluble) material in carbonate aggregates is of interest to those conducting research on the polish susceptibility of stone used in pavements or on the friction properties of pavement surfaces. In addition, some agencies utilize the test for acceptance purposes to delineate carbonate aggregates that polish excessively and become slippery and those that will not.
Note 1: The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the capability, calibration, and the maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Specification D3666 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Specification D3666 alone does not completely ensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors: following the suggestions of Specification D3666 or similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination of the percentage of insoluble residue in carbonate aggregates using hydrochloric acid solution to react the carbonates.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Regarding sieves, per Specification E11, “The values stated in SI units shall be considered standard for the dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the diameter of the wires used in the wire cloth. The values stated in inch-pound units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames.” When sieve mesh sizes are referenced, the alternate inch-pound designations are provided for information purposes and enclosed in parentheses.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ISO 8608:2016 specifies a uniform method of reporting measured vertical road profile data for either one-track or multiple-track measurements. It applies to the reporting of measured vertical profile data taken on roads, streets and highways, and on off-road terrain. It does not apply to rail-track data. Measurement and processing equipment and methods are not included.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material requirements for preformed polychloroprene elastomeric joint seals for concrete pavements. The seal consists of a multiple web design and is installed with a lubricant. The seal functions by compression of the seal between the faces of the joint with the seal folding inward at the top to facilitate compression. The seals shall be preformed, and the material shall be vulcanized elastomeric compound using polychloroprene as the only base polymer. The materials shall also comply with the physical properties prescribed herein such as tensile strength, elongation, hardness, oil swell, ozone resistance, low-temperature stiffening, low-temperature recovery, and compression deflection.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the material requirements for preformed polychloroprene elastomeric joint seals for concrete pavements. The seal consists of a multiple web design and functions only by compression of the seal between the faces of the joint with the seal folding inward at the top to facilitate compression. The seal is installed with a lubricant and is designed to seal the joint and reject incompressibles.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This specification is a manufacturing and purchasing specification only and does not include requirements or considerations for selection of size, or the installation of the joint seals. However, experience has shown that successful performance of this product depends upon the proper selection of size and cross-sectional design of the joint seal, joint size, and joint spacing for the ambient conditions the pavement will be exposed to, and care in the installation of the joint seals.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 To be meaningful, walkway tribometer results must correlate the slip characteristics of a surface or contaminant, or both, to the actual propensity for human slips. To achieve this goal, walkway tribometer models must be validated against a standard with relevance to human ambulation.
5.2 This practice prescribes a series of reference surfaces with known relative slip potential ranging from very high to low (as defined by laboratory conditions only) upon which walkway tribometer models can be validated. The relative slip potential of each reference surface was established from human subject walking trials.3
5.3 The following should be considered in applying the validation and calibration obtained by this practice:
5.3.1 The scientific study upon which the validation process is based was conducted with a select population of young adults (mean age 26 years) who were free from gait deviations while walking in a straight path on a level surface with a mean walking velocity of 2.18 m/s. This walking velocity is faster than the average walking velocity for the general population which includes a much wider age range with greater variability; thus, the study sample population of pedestrians and conditions is not representative of the larger general population of pedestrians.
5.3.2 All subjects walked in Oxford-style shoes whose soles were constructed of smooth styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) with 75A Shore hardness. The shoe style and sole material is not representative of all combinations available in the marketplace.
5.3.3 The reference surfaces defined in this practice are not representative of all walkway surfaces. The outcome of the validation practice reflects performance on the type of reference surfaces and surface conditions defined in this practice only. Validation and calibration of a walkway tribometer as defined by this practice does not imply validation and calibration under all combinations of test foot materials and walkway surfaces.
5...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is intended to establish the procedures for validation, calibration, and certification of walkway tribometers.
1.2 This practice provides a walkway tribometer supplier with a procedure and suite of reference surfaces to validate his walkway tribometer by properly ranking and differentiating the surfaces.
1.3 This practice provides the user of a walkway tribometer with a procedure and suite of reference surfaces to test calibration of his instrument.
1.4 This practice provides a procedure through which an entity may certify a walkway tribometer model, signifying that the walkway tribometer model has a completed and documented validation and interlaboratory study.
1.5 This practice describes the necessary materials, specifications, and the cleaning process for reference materials, as well as the requirements for the validation of a supplier’s walkway tribometer and calibration of a user’s walkway tribometer.
1.6 This practice applies to walkway tribometers without reference to the nature of the scale of the readings produced by them. The scale used in the reports of validation and calibration must be the same, and are to be those of the instrument or defined for the instrument.
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only and are not considered standard.
1.8 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World T...
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This European Standard applies to road surface treatment machines, which are in particular:
- binder sprayers [or sprayers];
- chipping spreaders [or spreaders];
- machines for surface repairs (binder sprayer chipping spreader [or sprayer spreader]);
- mastics asphalt mixers;
- joint sealer;
- micro-surfacing machines/slurry machines;
- cold asphalt laying / micro-asphalt-paving machines
(see also Clause 3).
Road surface treatment machines can be mounted on a carrier vehicle, trailer or articulated truck, combining to form an integral unit. It is also possible to mount a road surface treatment machine on its own chassis construction and propulsion system (self-propelled or pedestrian-controlled). In all cases the machine and chassis form an integral unit.
Directives and standards for the vehicular truck chassis aspects, termed 'carrier vehicle' in this document, would be those relative to that equipment, even where specific modifications have been made to realize the road surface treatment application. The use in public road traffic is governed by the national regulations.
This European Standard deals with all significant hazards identified through a risk assessment relevant to road surface treatment machines when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). This European Standard does not deal with significant hazards associated with pressurized tanks, and EMC. This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards associated with machine operation, setting and adjustments, load discharge and routine maintenance.
This European Standard does not include requirements for the carrier vehicles or special constructions. These are covered in directives related to the construction of vehicles. Demountable bodywork systems (e.g. demountable containers) are specified in other standards. Vibrations are not dealt with in the standard, because for all machines of this family vibration is not a relevant hazard due to the low working speed and special working conditions (e.g. flat surface).
This European Standard does not deal with the risks associated with the operation of the machines in potentially explosive atmospheres.
This European Standard does not include requirements of the 94/55/EC Directive related to transport of dangerous goods by road but contains additional specifications in link with these existing requirements.
This European Standard applies to machines which are manufactured after the date of approval of this standard by CEN.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard applies to road surface treatment machines, which are in particular:
- binder sprayers [or sprayers];
- chipping spreaders [or spreaders];
- machines for surface repairs (binder sprayer chipping spreader [or sprayer spreader]);
- mastics asphalt mixers;
- joint sealer;
- micro-surfacing machines/slurry machines;
- cold asphalt laying / micro-asphalt-paving machines
(see also Clause 3).
Road surface treatment machines can be mounted on a carrier vehicle, trailer or articulated truck, combining to form an integral unit. It is also possible to mount a road surface treatment machine on its own chassis construction and propulsion system (self-propelled or pedestrian-controlled). In all cases the machine and chassis form an integral unit.
Directives and standards for the vehicular truck chassis aspects, termed 'carrier vehicle' in this document, would be those relative to that equipment, even where specific modifications have been made to realize the road surface treatment application. The use in public road traffic is governed by the national regulations.
This European Standard deals with all significant hazards identified through a risk assessment relevant to road surface treatment machines when they are used as intended and under the conditions foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). This European Standard does not deal with significant hazards associated with pressurized tanks, and EMC. This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards associated with machine operation, setting and adjustments, load discharge and routine maintenance.
This European Standard does not include requirements for the carrier vehicles or special constructions. These are covered in directives related to the construction of vehicles. Demountable bodywork systems (e.g. demountable containers) are specified in other standards. Vibrations are not dealt with in the standard, because for all machines of this family vibration is not a relevant hazard due to the low working speed and special working conditions (e.g. flat surface).
This European Standard does not deal with the risks associated with the operation of the machines in potentially explosive atmospheres.
This European Standard does not include requirements of the 94/55/EC Directive related to transport of dangerous goods by road but contains additional specifications in link with these existing requirements.
This European Standard applies to machines which are manufactured after the date of approval of this standard by CEN.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The practice described classifies soils from any geographic location into groups (including group indexes) based on the results of prescribed laboratory tests to determine the particle-size characteristics, liquid limit, and plasticity index.
4.2 The assigning of a group symbol and group index can be used to aid in the evaluation of the significant properties of the soil for highway and airfield purposes.
4.3 The various groupings of this classification system correlate in a general way with the engineering behavior of soils. Also, in a general way, the engineering behavior of a soil varies inversely with its group index. Therefore, this practice provides a useful first step in any field or laboratory investigation for geotechnical engineering purposes.
Note 3: The quality of the result produced by this standard is dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing it, and the suitability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance with Practice D3740 does not in itself assure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors; Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluation some of those factors.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a procedure for classifying mineral and organomineral soils into seven groups based on laboratory determination of particle-size distribution, liquid limit, and plasticity index. It may be used when a precise engineering classification is required, especially for highway construction purposes. Evaluation of soils within each group is made by means of a group index, which is a value calculated from an empirical formula.
Note 1: The group classification, including the group index, should be useful in determining the relative quality of the soil material for use in earthwork structures, particularly embankments, subgrades, subbases, and bases. However, for the detailed design of important structures, additional data concerning strength or performance characteristics of the soil under field conditions will usually be required.
1.2 Units—The sieve designations are identified using the “standard” system in accordance with Specification E11, such as 75-mm and 75-μm, followed by the “alternative” system of 3-in. and No. 200, respectively.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This practice offers a set of instructions for performing one or more specific operations. This practice cannot replace education or experience and should be used in conjunction with professional judgment. Not all aspects of this practice may be applicable in all circumstances. This practice is not intended to represent or replace the standard of care by which the adequacy of a given professional service must be judged, nor should this practice be applied without consideration of a project's many unique aspects. The word “Standard” in the title of this document means only that the document has been approved through the ASTM consensus process.
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- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This European Standard specifies the safety requirements applicable to stationary and relocatable mixing plants for the production of materials (e.g. hot-mix asphalt, cold-mix asphalt, cement gravel) used for the construction and maintenance of traffic routes (roads, highways, sidewalks, airfields, etc.) water retaining works, dam walls, culverts, etc.
This European Standard applies to the following types of mixing plant:
a) hot Asphalt mixing plant;
b) cold mixing plant (e.g. for production of cement gravel, cold mix asphalt);
c) mixing plant for bituminous or non-bituminous reclaimed materials;
d) mixing plant for mastic asphalt, also including natural asphalt.
Machines moving during the working process (e.g. mobile mastic asphalt mixers) and crushers are not covered by this European Standard.
Those types of asphalt mixing plants can also be combined or enlarged by additional installations (e.g. Plant for storage of binders (e.g. bituminous, synthetic, vegetal).
This European Standard deals with all significant hazards pertinent to mixing plants, when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards.
This European Standard does not apply to machines for the production of cement concrete and mortar as covered in EN 12151.
This European Standard does not deal with hazards caused by flammable gases. As soon as information is available it will be included.
This European Standard is not applicable to mixing plants for road construction materials, which are manufactured before the date of publication of this European Standard by CEN.
- Standard60 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard specifies the safety requirements applicable to stationary and relocatable mixing plants for the production of materials (e.g. hot-mix asphalt, cold-mix asphalt, cement gravel) used for the construction and maintenance of traffic routes (roads, highways, sidewalks, airfields, etc.) water retaining works, dam walls, culverts, etc.
This European Standard applies to the following types of mixing plant:
a) hot Asphalt mixing plant;
b) cold mixing plant (e.g. for production of cement gravel, cold mix asphalt);
c) mixing plant for bituminous or non-bituminous reclaimed materials;
d) mixing plant for mastic asphalt, also including natural asphalt.
Machines moving during the working process (e.g. mobile mastic asphalt mixers) and crushers are not covered by this European Standard.
Those types of asphalt mixing plants can also be combined or enlarged by additional installations (e.g. Plant for storage of binders (e.g. bituminous, synthetic, vegetal).
This European Standard deals with all significant hazards pertinent to mixing plants, when they are used as intended and under the conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseen by the manufacturer (see Clause 4). This European Standard specifies the appropriate technical measures to eliminate or reduce risks arising from the significant hazards.
This European Standard does not apply to machines for the production of cement concrete and mortar as covered in EN 12151.
This European Standard does not deal with hazards caused by flammable gases. As soon as information is available it will be included.
This European Standard is not applicable to mixing plants for road construction materials, which are manufactured before the date of publication of this European Standard by CEN.
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This Technical Specification describes a method only used on airports for determining the skid resistance of pavements by measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient LFCI.
The method provides a measure of the wet skid resistance properties of a bound surface by measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient using a trailer with a standard slip ratio of 15 %. The slip ratio can be chosen between 0 % and 100 % for research application.
The test tyre is dragged over a pre-wetted pavement under vertical force and constant speed conditions while the test tyre is parallel to the direction of motion.
This Technical Specification covers the operation of the IMAG device.
The skid resistance of a pavement is determined by friction measurements at different speeds. Tests can be performed between 40 km/h and 120 km/h but standard test speeds are 40 km/h, 65 km/h and 95 km/h. Low speed measurements asses the microtexture while high speed measurements asses the macrotexture. The skid resistance is reported as friction measurements at these speeds and by comparison with the minimum friction level.
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ISO 15688:2012 establishes the terminology, definitions of operation and commercial specifications for soil stabilizers and their components intended for use in road construction and pavement works. ISO 15688:2012 does not apply to soil stabilizers used in agricultural applications.
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This European Standard describes a method for determining the slip/skid resistance of a surface using a device which remains stationary at the test location. The slip/skid resistance is measured by means of a slider mounted at the end of a pendulum arm.
The method provides a measure of the slip/skid resistance properties of a surface either in the field or in the laboratory.
This method measures the slip/skid resistance of a small area of a surface (approximately 0,01 m2). This should be considered when deciding its applicability to a surface which may have non-homogeneous surface characteristics, e.g. containing ridges or grooves, or is rough textured (exceeding 1,2 mm patch test).
NOTE As the results from this test are taken at one small location, the results cannot be compared with results from devices e.g. mobile devices, that measure the slip/skid resistance over a long length of a surface.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European Standard describes a method for determining the slip/skid resistance of a surface using a device which remains stationary at the test location. The slip/skid resistance is measured by means of a slider mounted at the end of a pendulum arm.
The method provides a measure of the slip/skid resistance properties of a surface either in the field or in the laboratory.
This method measures the slip/skid resistance of a small area of a surface (approximately 0,01 m2). This should be considered when deciding its applicability to a surface which may have non-homogeneous surface characteristics, e.g. containing ridges or grooves, or is rough textured (exceeding 1,2 mm patch test).
NOTE As the results from this test are taken at one small location, the results cannot be compared with results from devices e.g. mobile devices, that measure the slip/skid resistance over a long length of a surface.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Specification describes a method for determining the wet-road skid resistance of a surface by measurement of a sideway force coefficient SFCO. The method provides a measure of the wet-road skid resistance properties of a bound surface by measurement of sideway-force coefficient at a controlled speed. The method has been developed for use on roads but is also applicable to other paved areas such as airport runways.
This Technical Specification covers the operation of the Odoliograph. This is a device developed by the Belgian Road Research Centre that uses the side-force principle to make routine, expertise and research measurements of skid resistance continuously on long lengths of road.
A machine conforming to the general characteristics of the Odoliograph designed by the Belgian Road Research Centre and the specific provisions of this document may also be used for the tests.
The skid resistance of a pavement is determined by friction measurements and measurements of pavement texture. Where measurement of pavement texture is required the standard for this measurement and the device is described in EN ISO 13473 1.
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This Technical Specification describes a method for determining the skid resistance of paved surface by measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient SRM
The method provides a measure of the wet skid resistance properties of a bound surface by measurement of the longitudinal friction coefficient using a locked wheel with a slip ratio of 0 % (locked wheel: standard), or a slip ratio of (15 1) % or ABS and a controlled speed. The test tyre is dragged over a pre-wetted pavement under controlled load and constant speed conditions while the test tyre is parallel to the direction of motion and to the pavement.
This document covers the operation of the Stuttgarter Reibungsmesser (SRM) of the IVT ETH Zürich.
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