ASTM D448-12(2022)
(Classification)Standard Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and Bridge Construction
Standard Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and Bridge Construction
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Some contract documents specify certain aggregate sizes for specific uses or may suggest one or more of these sizes as appropriate for the preparation of various end-product mixtures. In some cases, closer limits on variability of the aggregate grading are required.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification defines aggregate size number designations and standard size ranges for mechanical sieve analyses of coarse aggregate and screenings for use in the construction and maintenance of various types of highways and bridges.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
1.3 The text of this classification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the classification.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
- Status
- Published
- Publication Date
- 31-Oct-2022
- Technical Committee
- D04 - Road and Paving Materials
- Drafting Committee
- D04.50 - Aggregate Specifications
Relations
- Effective Date
- 01-Nov-2019
- Effective Date
- 01-Aug-2019
- Effective Date
- 15-Dec-2018
- Effective Date
- 15-Aug-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Jul-2018
- Effective Date
- 01-Feb-2018
- Effective Date
- 15-Jul-2017
- Effective Date
- 15-Jun-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-May-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Mar-2017
- Effective Date
- 01-Dec-2016
- Effective Date
- 15-Sep-2016
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2016
- Effective Date
- 01-Sep-2015
- Effective Date
- 15-Dec-2013
Overview
ASTM D448-12(2022), "Standard Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and Bridge Construction," is a key ASTM standard applicable to the construction and maintenance of highways and bridges. This document provides a uniform system for classifying aggregate size numbers and defines standard size ranges used in mechanical sieve analyses for coarse aggregates and screenings. The standard ensures consistency in the specification, sampling, and acceptance of aggregates by setting clear guidelines and fostering quality in infrastructure projects involving roadways and bridgeworks.
Key Topics
Aggregate Size Number Designations:
The standard establishes a series of aggregate size numbers, correlating with defined ranges for sieve analysis. Each size is based on results using laboratory sieves with square openings, in accordance with ASTM E11.Sieve Analysis and Grading:
The classification references mechanical sieve analysis as the primary method for assessing aggregate graduation. Aggregates are required to meet the specific mass percentage limits passing through a series of standardized test sieves.Quality and Consistency:
Contract documents often specify aggregate sizes to ensure product consistency for end-use. The standard allows for closer limits on grading variability where higher consistency is critical.Manufacturing Processes:
Standard aggregate sizes may be obtained by any suitable process, including blending. This flexibility allows producers to efficiently achieve required specifications.Standardization Principles:
Developed in alignment with international standardization principles, including those set by the WTO Technical Barriers to Trade Committee, enhancing global acceptance and facilitating international trade.
Applications
ASTM D448-12(2022) is crucial to a variety of civil engineering and construction activities:
Highway Construction:
Ensures the right aggregate sizes are used for base, subbase, and surface layers, contributing to pavement durability and performance.Bridge Construction and Maintenance:
Provides guidance for selecting aggregates for structural fills, wearing courses, and repairs, supporting safety and longevity.Material Specification:
Essential for civil engineering professionals, contractors, and quality control labs to communicate and enforce aggregate requirements in contracts and procurement.Laboratory Testing and Compliance:
Facilitates reliable sampling, grading, and compliance verification through laboratory sieve analyses conforming to referenced ASTM methods.Aggregate Production:
Helps producers design processing operations (crushing, screening, blending) to reliably deliver standard aggregate sizes requested by clients.
Related Standards
To ensure comprehensive quality in aggregate selection and usage, ASTM D448-12(2022) is typically used alongside several other ASTM standards:
- ASTM C136/C136M: Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates.
- ASTM D75/D75M: Practice for Sampling Aggregates.
- ASTM E11: Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves.
- ASTM D8: Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pavements.
Practical Value
Following ASTM D448-12(2022) strengthens infrastructure projects by:
- Improving consistency in aggregate grading, leading to enhanced performance and longevity of roads and bridges
- Facilitating project compliance, procurement, and quality assurance
- Supporting international trade and project specifications through globally recognized aggregate size classifications
Keywords: ASTM D448, aggregate standard size, coarse aggregate, road construction, bridge construction, mechanical sieve analysis, screenings, highway materials, aggregate grading, infrastructure standards.
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Frequently Asked Questions
ASTM D448-12(2022) is a standard published by ASTM International. Its full title is "Standard Classification for Sizes of Aggregate for Road and Bridge Construction". This standard covers: SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 Some contract documents specify certain aggregate sizes for specific uses or may suggest one or more of these sizes as appropriate for the preparation of various end-product mixtures. In some cases, closer limits on variability of the aggregate grading are required. SCOPE 1.1 This classification defines aggregate size number designations and standard size ranges for mechanical sieve analyses of coarse aggregate and screenings for use in the construction and maintenance of various types of highways and bridges. 1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size. 1.3 The text of this classification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the classification. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE 4.1 Some contract documents specify certain aggregate sizes for specific uses or may suggest one or more of these sizes as appropriate for the preparation of various end-product mixtures. In some cases, closer limits on variability of the aggregate grading are required. SCOPE 1.1 This classification defines aggregate size number designations and standard size ranges for mechanical sieve analyses of coarse aggregate and screenings for use in the construction and maintenance of various types of highways and bridges. 1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard. Note 1: Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Specification E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size. 1.3 The text of this classification references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the classification. 1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
ASTM D448-12(2022) is classified under the following ICS (International Classification for Standards) categories: 93.080.10 - Road construction. The ICS classification helps identify the subject area and facilitates finding related standards.
ASTM D448-12(2022) has the following relationships with other standards: It is inter standard links to ASTM D75/D75M-19, ASTM D8-19, ASTM D8-18c, ASTM D8-18b, ASTM D8-18a, ASTM D8-18, ASTM D8-17c, ASTM D8-17b, ASTM D8-17a, ASTM D8-17, ASTM D8-16b, ASTM D8-16a, ASTM D8-16, ASTM D8-15, ASTM D75/D75M-13. Understanding these relationships helps ensure you are using the most current and applicable version of the standard.
ASTM D448-12(2022) is available in PDF format for immediate download after purchase. The document can be added to your cart and obtained through the secure checkout process. Digital delivery ensures instant access to the complete standard document.
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D448 −12 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Classification for
Sizes of Aggregate for Road and Bridge Construction
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D448; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D8 Terminology Relating to Materials for Roads and Pave-
ments
1.1 This classification defines aggregate size number desig-
D75/D75M Practice for Sampling Aggregates
nations and standard size ranges for mechanical sieve analyses
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
of coarse aggregate and screenings for use in the construction
Sieves
and maintenance of various types of highways and bridges.
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded
3. Terminology
as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
3.1 For definitions of terms, see Terminology D8.
standard.
NOTE 1—Sieve size is identified by its standard designation in Speci-
4. Significance and Use
fication E11. The alternative designation given in parentheses is for
4.1 Some contract documents specify certain aggregate
information only and does not represent a different standard sieve size.
sizes for specific uses or may suggest one or more of these
1.3 The text of this classification references notes and
sizes as appropriate for the preparation of various end-product
footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and
mixtures. In some cases, closer limits on variability of the
footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be
aggregate grading are required.
considered as requirements of the classification.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
5. Manufacture
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
5.1 The standard sizes of aggregate described in this clas-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
sification are manufactured by means of any suitable process
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
used to separate raw material into the desired size ranges.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Production of standard sizes by blending two or more different
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
components is permitted.
2. Referenced Documents
6. Standard Sizes
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C136/C136M Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and 6.1 Standard aggregate sizes shall conform to the require-
Coarse Aggregates
ments prescribed in Table 1 for the size number specified.
Conformance shall be determined by means of laboratory
1 sieves having square openings and conforming to Specification
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road
E11.
and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.50 on
Aggregate Specifications.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2022. Published November 2022. Originally
7. Basis of Classification
approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 2017 as D448 – 12 (2017).
DOI: 10.1520/D0448-12R22.
7.1 Classification of an aggregate is based upon the size
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
number designation and size ranges shown in Table 1. Aggre-
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
gate shall be sampled in accordance with Practice D75/D75M
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. and tested for grading by Test Method C136/C136M.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D448 − 12 (2022)
TABLE 1 S
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