ASTM D3042-17

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Designation: D3042 − 09 (Reapproved 2015) D3042 − 17
Standard Test Method for
Insoluble Residue in Carbonate Aggregates
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3042; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers determination of the percentage of insoluble residue in carbonate aggregates using hydrochloric acid
solution to react the carbonates.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Regarding sieves, per Specification E11, “The values stated in
SI units shall be considered standard for the dimensions of the wire cloth openings and the diameter of the wires used in the wire
cloth. The values stated in inch-pound units shall be considered standard with regard to the sieve frames.” When sieve mesh sizes
are referenced, the alternate inch-pound designations are provided for information purposes and enclosed in parentheses.
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C136 Test Method for Sieve Analysis of Fine and Coarse Aggregates
C294 Descriptive Nomenclature for Constituents of Concrete Aggregates
C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements for Test Methods for Construction Materials
D3666 Specification for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Testing and Inspecting Road and Paving Materials
D4753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Balances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and Construction
Materials Testing
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test Sieves
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The amount and size distribution of noncarbonate (insoluble) material in carbonate aggregates is of interest to those
conducting research on the polish susceptibility of stone used in pavements or on the friction properties of pavement surfaces. In
addition, some agencies utilize the test for acceptance purposes to delineate carbonate aggregates that polish excessively and
become slippery and those that will not.
NOTE 1—The quality of the results produced by this standard are dependent upon the competence of the personnel performing the procedure and the
capability, calibration, and the maintenance of the equipment used. Agencies that meet the criteria of PracticeSpecification D3666 are generally considered
capable of competent and objective testing/sampling/inspection/etc. testing/sampling/inspection, etc. Users of this standard are cautioned that compliance
with PracticeSpecification D3666 alone does not completely assureensure reliable results. Reliable results depend on many factors: following the
suggestions of PracticeSpecification D3666 or similar acceptable guideline provides a means of evaluating and controlling some of those factors.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D04 on Road and Paving Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D04.51 on Aggregate
Tests.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2015April 1, 2017. Published February 2016April 2017. Originally approved in 1972. Last previous edition approved in 20092015 as
D3042 – 09.D3042 – 09 (2015). DOI: 10.1520/D3042-09R15.10.1520/D3042-17.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
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D3042 − 17
4. Apparatus
4.1 Sieves, U.S. standard 8-in. diameter, conforming to Specification E11 in the following sizes:
9.5-mm ( ⁄8-in.)
4.75-mm (No. 4)
2.36-mm (No. 8)
1.18-mm (No. 16)
600-μm (No. 30)
300-μm (No. 50)
150-μm (No. 100)
75-μm (No. 200)
4.2 Balance—A balance having a minimum capacity of 15 kg 15 kg and meeting the requirements of SpecificationGuide D4753,
Class GP5.
4.3 Oven, of appropriate size capable of being maintained at 110 6 5°C.5 °C.
4.4 Agitation Equipment, such as a jar mill or a magnetic stirrer.
4.5 Bunsen Burner or Hot Plate.
4.6 Receiving Tank, of nonreactive material to receive wash water and residue washed through the 8-in. diameter sieves.
4.7 Rapid Filter Paper, acid-resistant.
4.8 Safety Eyeglasses, Rubber Gloves, Aprons, and so forth. and so forth.
4.9 Borosilicate Glass Containers, for performing acid leaching test.
4.10 pH Paper or pH Meter.
5. Reagent
5.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that all
reagents shall conform to the specifications of the Committee on Analytical Reagents of the American Chemical Society, where
such specifications are available. Use of other grades is permitted, provided it is first ascertained that the reagent is of sufficiently
high purity to permit its use without lessening the accuracy of the determination.
5.2 Hydrochloric Acid (6 N)—Prepare a 6 N solution of hydrochloric acid (HCl).
6. Samples
6.1 Samples shall be representative of the sources from which they are obtained and shall be reduced to appropriate size by use
of sample splitters or by quartering in accordance with the Sampling Sectionsection of Test Method C136.
6.1.1 Normally, the aggregate used in the test sample shall be retained after washing over the 4.75-mm (No. 4) sieve, and
passing the 9.5-mm ( ⁄8-in.) sieve.
6.1.2 Test separate fractions or combined aggregate gradings as appropriate.
6.2 Dry sample aggregates to constant mass at 110 6 5°C.5 °C.
6.3 Use an oven-dry sample having a minimum mass of 500 g.500 g.
7. Procedure for Determining Only the Plus 75 μm 75-μm (No. 200) Size Fraction of Insoluble Residue
7.1 For many applications, only the plus 75-μm (No. 200) size insoluble residue fraction is of interest. This section provides
a procedure for determination of the amount and size distribution of only the plus 75-μm (No. 200) size insoluble residue. If the
total amount of insoluble residue is desired, follow the procedure in Section 8 and only such portions of Section 7 as are indicated
in Section 8.
7.2 Prepare and test samples in triplicate for each aggregate sampled.
7.3 Warning—Hydrogen chloride gas is released during this procedure. Exercise extreme care to prevent corrosive gas from
entering the laboratory atmosphere. The hydrogen chloride gas that may be produced in the chemical reaction can be destructive
to laboratory equipment and can also be a definite safety hazard to laboratory personnel. Under no circumstances shall the test be
performed without proper and adequate ventilation. Operators shall be required to wear a mask appropriate personal protective
equipment (PPE) when performing this test.
7.4 Place an aggregate sample weighing a minimum of 500 g 500 g in a suitable borosilicate glass container. The container shall
be vented to allow gas from the reaction to escape and to be drawn away. Slowly add 1000 mL of 6 N hydrochloric acid (HCl)
Reagent Chemicals, American Chemical Society Specifications, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC. For Suggestions on the testing of reagents not listed by
the American Chemical Society, see Annual Standards for Laboratory Chemicals, BDH Ltd., Poole, Dorset, U.K., and the United States Pharmacopeia and National
Formulary, U.S. Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc. (USPC), Rockville, MD.
D3042 − 17
allowing for excessive effervescence or foaming to subside before further addition of solution. Agitate the container and contents
gently by hand until excessive effervescence has subsided.
7.5 Place the container and contents on an agitating device.
7.6 Check the container periodically, and when the reaction appears to have subsided (no obvious bubbling)bubbling), decant
the solution and add approximately 300 mL of the 6 N HCl and check for a reaction. Collect all decant solution in a receiving tank
for future use only if determination of the total residue content is desired as in Section 8.
7.6.1 If a reaction (bubbling) is observed, continue agitation until the reaction subsides and repeat the procedure beginning at
7.6.
7.7 When no reaction is observed, heat the container gently over a bunsenBunsen burner or hot plate. Some carbonate materials
will require heating t
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