ASTM C902-22

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it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C902 − 20 C902 − 22
Standard Specification for
Pedestrian and Light Traffic Paving Brick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C902; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This specification covers brick intended for use as paving material subjected to pedestrian and light vehicular traffic. The units
are designed for use in pedestrian applications and vehicular areas that are subjected to low volumes of vehicular traffic, such as
residential driveways and streets and commercial driveways (passenger drop-offs). The units are not intended to support heavy
vehicular traffic covered by Specification C1272 or for industrial applications covered by Specification C410.
NOTE 1—Heavy vehicular traffic is defined as high volumes of heavy vehicles (trucks having 3 or more axles) in Specification C1272.
1.2 The property requirements of this specification apply at the time of purchase. The use of results from testing of brick extracted
from masonry structures pavements for determining conformance or nonconformance to the property requirements (Section
compliance with the requirements 5) of this specification is beyond the scopeintent of this specification.standard.
1.3 Brick are manufactured from clay, shale, or similar naturally occurring earthy substances and subjected to a heat treatment at
elevated temperatures (firing). The heat treatment must develop sufficient fired bond between the particulate constituents to provide
the strength and durability requirement of this specification (see Terminology C1232).
1.4 Use of this standard and the requirements herein to evaluate and corroborate the performance of a paving unit made from other
materials, or made with other forming methods, or other means of binding the materials is not covered by the scope of this standard.
1.5 The brick are available in a variety of sizes, colors, and shapes. They are available in three classes according to exposure
environment and three types according to type of traffic exposure.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.02 on Brick
and Structural Clay Tile.
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2020June 1, 2022. Published December 2020June 2022. Originally approved in 1979. Last previous edition approved in 20152020 as
C902 – 15.C902 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/C0902-20.10.1520/C0902-22.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C902 − 22
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C67/C67M Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Brick and Structural Clay Tile
C88/C88M Test Method for Soundness of Aggregates by Use of Sodium Sulfate or Magnesium Sulfate
C410 Specification for Industrial Floor Brick
C418 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete by Sandblasting
C1232 Terminology for Masonry
C1272 Specification for Heavy Vehicular Paving Brick
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For definitions relating to paving brick, refer to Terminology C1232.
4. Classification
4.1 Light traffic paving brick are classified according to the severity of their use-environment. Two types of environment are
considered: (1) weather and (2) traffic:
4.1.1 Weather—Weathering resistance is specified by one of three classes. When the class is not specified, the requirements for
Class SX shall govern.
4.1.1.1 Class SX—Brick intended for use where the brick may be frozen while saturated with water.
4.1.1.2 Class MX—Brick intended for exterior use where resistance to freezing is not a factor.
4.1.1.3 Class NX—Brick not intended for exterior use but which may be acceptable for interior use where protected from freezing
when wet.
NOTE 2—A surface coating may be applied to any class of brick of this standard when protected from freezing while wet. The function of the coating
is to prevent penetration of dirt or liquids into the pores of the brick. Coatings should be applied only after complete drying of the paving.
4.1.2 Traffıc—Abrasion resistance is specified by one of three types. When the type is not specified, the requirements for Type II
govern.
4.1.2.1 Type I—Brick subjected to extensive abrasion.
NOTE 3—Type I pavers would be used in such places as sidewalks and driveways in publicly occupied spaces.
4.1.2.2 Type II—Brick subjected to intermediate abrasion.
NOTE 4—Type II pavers would be used in such places as heavily traveled residential walkways and residential driveways.
4.1.2.3 Type III—Brick subjected to low abrasion.
NOTE 5—Type III pavers would be used in such places as floors or patios in single-family homes.
5. Physical Properties
5.1 Freeze Thaw Resistance—Use one of the following methods:
5.1.1 Physical Property Requirements—The brick shall conform to the physical requirements for the class specified as prescribed
in Table 1.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
C902 − 22
TABLE 1 Freeze Thaw Resistance Property Requirements
Compressive Strength, flatwise, gross area, min,
A
Maximum 24-h Cold Water Absorption, % Saturation Coefficient, max
psi (MPa)
Designation
Average of 5 Average of 5 Average of 5
Individual Individual Individual
Brick Brick Brick
Class SX 8000 (55.2) 7000 (48.3) 8.0 11.0 0.78 0.80
Class MX 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2) 14.0 17.0 no limit no limit
Class NX 3000 (20.7) 2500 (17.2) no limit no limit no limit no limit
A
The saturation coefficient is the ratio of absorption by 24-h submersion in cold water to that after 5-h submersion in boiling water.
5.1.1.1 Absorption Alternative—If the average 24-h cold water absorption is less than 6.0 %, the requirement for saturation
coefficient shall be waived.
5.1.2 Freezing and Thawing Test Alternative—The requirements for water 24-h cold water absorption and saturation coefficient
specified in 5.1.1 do not apply, provided a representative sample of five brick, meeting the strength requirements of Table 1, passes
the freezing and thawing test as described in the Rating section of the Freezing and Thawing test procedures of Test Methods
C67/C67M.
NOTE 6—The 50 cycle freezing and thawing test is specified only as an alternative when brick do not conform to either Table 1 requirements for maximum
24-h cold water absorption and saturation coefficient, or to the restrictive absorption requirements in 5.1.1.1.
5.1.2.1 Class SX: Breakage and Weight Loss Requirement—No individual unit separates or disintegrates resulting in a weight loss
greater than 0.5 % of its original dry weight.
5.1.2.2 Class SX: Cracking Requirement—No individual unit develops a crack that exceeds, in length, the unit’s least finished face
dimension.
5.1.3 Sulfate Soundness Test Alternative—The requirements for 24-h cold water absorption and saturation coefficient specified in
5.1.1 shall not be required if a sample of five brick survives 15 cycles of the sulfate soundness test in accordance with Sections
4, 5, and 8 of Test Method C88/C88M with no visible damage.
NOTE 7—The sulfate soundness test is an optional substitute test for the freezing-and-thawing test (5.1.2).
5.1.4 Performance Alternative—If information on the performance of the units in a similar application of similar exposure and
traffic is furnished by the manufacturer or his agent and is found acceptable by the specifier of the pavement material, or his agent,
the physical requirements in 5.1.1 may be waived.
5.1.5 Molded Brick (Soft Mud, Semi-Dry Pressed, and Dry Pressed Brick)—The requirements listed in Table 1 shall be changed
for molded brick to permit maximum 24-h cold water absorption of 16.0 % average and 18.0 % individual, and minimum
compressive strengths of 4000 psi (27.6 MPa) average and 3500 psi (24.1 MPa) individual for Class SX, provided that the
requirements for saturation coefficient of Table 1 are met.
NOTE 8—The resistance of brick to weathering cannot be predicted with complete assurance at the present state of knowledge. There is no known test
that can predict weathering resistance with complete accuracy.
Brick in general is superior in weathering resistance to other building materials. There are innumerable instances of satisfactory performance beyond
200 years and even into the thousands of years. Nevertheless, there are some brick that cannot survive a few winters of a severe freezing and thawing
environment.
The durability requirements of the specification attempt to exclude such brick. This specification utilizes the best knowledge available at this time and
is based on extensive research by several investigators. The durability requirements have an excellent correlation with in-use performance. Nevertheless,
it is known that some brick that meet this specification may not be serviceable in severe climates. Furthermore, other brick that do not meet these
specifications may show superior serviceability in the most severe climate. The best indication of brick durability is its service experience record.
5.2 Abrasion Resistance—The brick shall meet the requirements of either column (1) or (2) of Table 2 for the applicable traffic
use (see 4.1.2).
McBurney, J. W., Brink, R. H., Eberle, A. R., “Relation of Water Absorption and Strength of Brick to Abrasive Resistance,” Proceedings, ASTM, Vol 40, 1940, pp.
1143–1151.
C902 − 22
A
TABLE 2 Abrasion Resistance Property Requirements
(2)
(1)
C
Volume Abrasion Loss,
B
Abrasion Index, max
3 2
max, cm /cm
Type I 0.11 1.7
Type II 0.25 2.7
Type III 0.50 4.0
A
Select the sample according to the sampling procedure of Test Methods
C67/C67M. The brick shall meet the requirements of either column (1) or (2). The
values listed shall not be exceeded by any individual unit within the sample.
B
The abrasion index is calculated from the 24-
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