31.100 - Electronic tubes
ICS 31.100 Details
Electronic tubes
Elektronenrohren
Tubes electroniques
Elektronke
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 31.100 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Electronic tubes". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 61 standards classified under ICS 31.100 (Electronic tubes). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
IEC 60601-2-65:2012 applies to the basic safety and essential performance of dental intra-oral X-ray equipment and its main components. The scope of this standard is restricted to X-ray equipment where the X-ray tube assembly contains the high-voltage transformer assembly. Dental extra-oral X-ray equipment is excluded from the scope of this standard. This particular standard has been prepared to provide, based on IEC 60601-1:2005 and its collaterals, a complete set of basic safety and essential performance requirements for dental intra-oral X-ray equipment. While the previously existing standards for such equipment were dedicated to components and subsystems, this particular standard addresses the system level of dental intra-oral X-ray equipment. Components and their functions are addressed as far as necessary.
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IEC 61643-312:2013 is applicable to gas discharge tubes (GDT) used for overvoltage protection in telecommunications, signalling and low-voltage power distribution networks with nominal system voltages up to 1 000 V (r.m.s.) a.c. and 1 500 V d.c. They are defined as a gap, or several gaps with two or three metal electrodes hermetically sealed so that gas mixture and pressure are under control. They are designed to protect apparatus or personnel, or both, from high transient voltages. This standard provides information about the characteristics and circuit applications of GDTs having two or three electrodes. This standard does not specify requirements applicable to complete surge protective devices, nor does it specify total requirements for GDTs employed within electronic devices, where precise coordination between GDT performance and surge protective device withstand capability is highly critical. Keywords: gas discharge tubes (GDT), overvoltage protection in telecommunications, signalling and low-voltage power distribution networks, nominal system voltages up to 1 000 V (r.m.s.) a.c. and 1 500 V d.c.
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IEC 61643-311:2013 is applicable to gas discharge tubes (GDT) used for overvoltage protection in telecommunications, signalling and low-voltage power distribution networks with nominal system voltages up to 1 000 V (r.m.s.) a.c. and 1 500 V d.c..They are defined as a gap, or several gaps with two or three metal electrodes hermetically sealed so that gas mixture and pressure are under control. They are designed to protect apparatus or personnel, or both, from high transient voltages. This standard contains a series of test criteria, test methods and test circuits for determining the electrical characteristics of GDTs having two or three electrodes. This standard does not specify requirements applicable to complete surge protective devices, nor does it specify total requirements for GDTs employed within electronic devices, where precise coordination between GDT performance and surge protective device withstand capability is highly critical. This second edition of IEC 61643-311 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001. It constitutes a technical revision. Specific changes with respect to the previous edition are: Addition of performance values. Key words: gas discharge tubes (GDT), overvoltage protection in telecommunications, signalling and low-voltage power distribution networks, nominal system voltages up to 1 000 V (r.m.s.) a.c. and 1 500 V d.c.
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IEC 60860:2014 prescribes general, radiation detection, environmental, mechanical, electromagnetic and documentation requirements and specifies acceptance criteria for criticality accident warning equipment. This International Standard applies to equipment intended to provide warning of a criticality accident by the detection of gamma radiation, neutrons or both from such an event. The main technical changes with regard to the previous edition are as follows:
- reference to IEC 61508 concerning the safety classification;
- introducing requirement for the alarm sound level;
- energy response requirement changes;
- specification of time period of 1 min for the overload requirement;
- updated EMC, mechanical and environmental requirements according to IEC 62706.
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CISPR 16-1-2:2014 specifies the characteristics and performance of equipment for the measurement of radio disturbance voltages and currents in the frequency range 9 kHz to 1 GHz. It has the status of a basic EMC publication. Specifications for ancillary apparatus are included for artificial mains networks, current and voltage probes and coupling units for current injection on cables. It is intended that the requirements of this publication are fulfilled at all frequencies and for all levels of radio disturbance voltages and currents within the CISPR indicating range of the measuring equipment. Methods of measurement are covered in the CISPR 16-2 series, and further information on radio disturbance is given in CISPR 16-3, while uncertainties, statistics and limit modelling are covered in the CISPR 16-4 series. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2003 and its Amendment 1 (2004) and Amendment 2 (2006). This edition constitutes a technical revision which includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- requirements from CISPR 22 for the AAN have been copied to this standard;
- and the CDNE for measurement of disturbance voltage in the frequency range 30 MHz to 300 MHz is added.
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IEC 61788-19:2013 covers a test method detailing the tensile test procedures to be carried out on reacted Cu/Nb3Sn composite superconducting wires at room temperature. The object of this test is to measure the modulus of elasticity and to determine the proof strength of the composite due to yielding of the copper and the copper tin components from the stress versus strain curve. Furthermore, the elastic limit, the tensile strength, and the elongation after fracture can be determined by means of the present method, but they are treated as optional quantities because the measured quantities of the elastic limit and the elongation after fracture have been reported to be subject to significant uncertainties according to the international round robin test. The sample covered by this test procedure should have a bare round or rectangular cross-section with an area between 0,15 mm2 and 2,0 mm2 and a copper to non-copper volume ratio of 0,2 to 1,5 and should have no insulation. Key words: supraconductivity, mechanical properties
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IEC 61643-312:2013 is applicable to gas discharge tubes (GDT) used for overvoltage protection in telecommunications, signalling and low-voltage power distribution networks with nominal system voltages up to 1 000 V (r.m.s.) a.c. and 1 500 V d.c. They are defined as a gap, or several gaps with two or three metal electrodes hermetically sealed so that gas mixture and pressure are under control. They are designed to protect apparatus or personnel, or both, from high transient voltages. This standard provides information about the characteristics and circuit applications of GDTs having two or three electrodes. This standard does not specify requirements applicable to complete surge protective devices, nor does it specify total requirements for GDTs employed within electronic devices, where precise coordination between GDT performance and surge protective device withstand capability is highly critical. Keywords: gas discharge tubes (GDT), overvoltage protection in telecommunications, signalling and low-voltage power distribution networks, nominal system voltages up to 1 000 V (r.m.s.) a.c. and 1 500 V d.c. The contents of the corrigendum of July 2013 have been included in this copy.
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IEC 61643-311:2013 is applicable to gas discharge tubes (GDT) used for overvoltage protection in telecommunications, signalling and low-voltage power distribution networks with nominal system voltages up to 1 000 V (r.m.s.) a.c. and 1 500 V d.c..They are defined as a gap, or several gaps with two or three metal electrodes hermetically sealed so that gas mixture and pressure are under control. They are designed to protect apparatus or personnel, or both, from high transient voltages. This standard contains a series of test criteria, test methods and test circuits for determining the electrical characteristics of GDTs having two or three electrodes. This standard does not specify requirements applicable to complete surge protective devices, nor does it specify total requirements for GDTs employed within electronic devices, where precise coordination between GDT performance and surge protective device withstand capability is highly critical. This second edition of IEC 61643-311 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001. It constitutes a technical revision. Specific changes with respect to the previous edition are: Addition of performance values. Key words: gas discharge tubes (GDT), overvoltage protection in telecommunications, signalling and low-voltage power distribution networks, nominal system voltages up to 1 000 V (r.m.s.) a.c. and 1 500 V d.c.
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The contents of the corrigendum of May 2016 have been included in this copy.
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Deals with terminology related to the measurement of the electrical properties of microwave tubes and contains terms concerning general applications, pulse operation, oscillator tubes, measurement of noise, microwave tube classification, crossed-field amplifier tubes.
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IEC 60350-2:2011 defines methods for measuring the performance of electric hobs for household use. Appliances covered by this standard may be built-in or for placing on a working surface or the floor. The hob can also be a part of a cooking range. This standard defines the main performance characteristics of these appliances which are of interest to the user and specifies methods for measuring these characteristics. This standard does not specify requirements for performance. This first edition of IEC 60350-2 is related to IEC 60350:1999 which shall be separated in two parts: one part for cooking ranges, ovens and steam ovens and the other part for hobs. This part 2 of IEC 60350 covers hobs, and IEC 60350-1 covers ovens.
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Applicable to cathode ray tubes and cathode ray tube assemblies which are intended for use as components in apparatus and which have integral protection with respect to the effects of implosion. A CRT covered by this standard is intended to be installed in an enclosure designed both to protect the rear of the CRT against mechanical or other damage under normal conditions of operation and to protect the user against particles expelled in a backwards direction from the CRT face in the event of implosion.
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Gives dimensions and tolerances for electronic tube and valve bases, holders and caps, together with the relevant gauges and gauging procedure, to ensure interchangeability. Also includes recommended practice for the preparation of drawings of electronic tubes and valves. This is a loose-leaf publication and supplements, containing new or revised sheets, are issued from time to time.
- Standardization document299 pagesEnglish and French languagee-Library read for1 day
Applies to the measurement of the direct interelectrode capacitances of electronic tubes of the following types: receiving tubes, cathode-ray tubes, gas tube and gas-filled valves, phototubes, photocells and multiplier types, high-power vacuum tubes.
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Applies to multi-electrode tubes, with the exception of cathode-ray tubes. Describes the system used for numbering the electrodes of the same type multi-electrode tubes and for assigning designations to the units of multiple-unit tubes.
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Gives guidance on the preparation of outline drawings of cathode ray tubes with the object of encouraging the same practice when publications are prepared in different countries.
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Applicable to cathode ray tubes and cathode ray tube assemblies which are intended for use as components in apparatus and which have integral protection with respect to the effects of implosion. A CRT covered by this standard is intended to be installed in an enclosure designed both to protect the rear of the CRT against mechanical or other damage under normal conditions of operation and to protect the user against particles expelled in a backwards direction from the CRT face in the event of implosion.
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This document relates to display storage tubes of assessed quality.
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Gives guidance on the preparation of outline drawings of cathode ray tubes with the object of encouraging the same practice when publications are prepared in different countries.
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Supersedes CECC 14 001 Issue 1:1984 * CECC WG 11 work handled by SR 39
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This document relates to photomultiplier tubes of assessed quality.
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Supersedes CECC 11 101:1984 * CECC WG 11 work handled by SR 39
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Gives definitions and general requirements common to all apparatus and installations in ships.
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Gas discharge tubes (GDTs) are used for applications up to 1 000 V a.c. or 1 500 V d.c. in communication or signalling circuits. They are defined as a gap, or series of gaps, in an enclosed discharge medium other than air. They are designed to protect apparatus or personnel, or both, from high transient voltages. This standard does not specify requirements applicable to complete surge protective devices, nor does it specify total requirements for GDTs employed within electronic devices, where precise coordination between GDT performance and surge protective device withstand capability is highly critical.
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The contents of the corrigendum of July 1967 have been included in this copy.
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IEC 60139:2000 gives guidance on the preparation of outline drawings of cathode-ray tubes (CRTs), tube components, tube sub-assemblies and ancillary components with the object of encouraging the same practice when publications are prepared in different countries. These recommendations are contained in the specimen drawings, descriptive text and in the tables of required dimensions.
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Standardizes primary batteries with respect to their electrochemical system, dimensions, nomenclature, terminal configurations, markings, test methods, typical performance safety and environmental aspects.
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Applicable to cathode ray tubes and cathode ray tube assemblies which are intended for use as components in apparatus and which have an integral protection with respect to the effects of implosion.
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Specifies tests and requirements for primary batteries with aqueous electrolyte to ensure their safe operation under normal use and reasonably foreseeable misuse. Has the status of a group safety publication in accordance with IEC Guide 104.
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Specifies tests and requirements for primary lithium batteries to ensure their safe operation under intended use or reasonably foreseeable misuse.
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Specifies the requirements for the construction and testing of oil-immersed electrical apparatus, oil-immersed parts of electrical apparatus and Ex components in the type of protection 'o', intended for used in potentially explosive atmospheres of gas, vapour and mist.
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It has the status of a horizontal standard in accordance with IEC Guide 108.
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The contents of the corrigendum of July 1967 have been included in this copy.
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ABSTRACT
This practice covers the rules for naming one, two, or three-piece round wire leads used as conductors through glass seals in electron tubes, excluding stranded leads and leads for semiconductors. Each portion of designation should be separated by a dash (-). Materials for a component lead are generally designated using the chemical symbols. Claddings or platings are represented by numerical suffixes at the end of the material designation preceded by "C" (coating). For alloys that are unspecified, a numerical value between chemical symbols indicates the percent content of the material preceding the value. Descriptive suffixes are used to specify annealing conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers rules for designating one, two, or three-piece round wire leads used as conductors through glass seals in electron tubes. Stranded leads and leads for semiconductors are excluded.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covered rules for designating one, two, or three-piece round wire leads used as conductors through glass seals in electron tubes.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F01 on Electronics, this practice was withdrawn in November 2023. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement because Committee F01 was disbanded.
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ABSTRACT
This practice covers the definition and interpretation of the commonly used thermionic constants of electron emitters with appended standard methods of measurement. Cathode materials shall alternatively be evaluated by relating the temperature-limited emission to fundamental properties of the emitter, particularly the work function. Comparisons are made between emitters using the thermionic constants such as the work function, emission constant, and the temperature dependence of the work function. These thermionic constants are geometry and field effects-independent, but exhibit variations under different conditions. The pertinent equations the Richardson-Dushman equation of electron emission to evaluate the effective work function, which in turn, shall be used to find the Richardson work function and the true work function. Sample computations are also detailed.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the definition and interpretation of the commonly used thermionic constants of electron emitters (1, 2, 3),2 with appended standard methods of measurement.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This practice covered the definition and interpretation of the commonly used thermionic constants of electron emitters with appended standard methods of measurement.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F01 on Electronics, this practice was withdrawn in November 2023. This standard is being withdrawn without replacement because Committee F01 was disbanded.
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This blank detail specification shows the layout and contents to be followed in the preparation of harmonized detail specifications for C.W. power amplifier travelling wave tubes up to 500 watts.
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Generic specification for travelling wave amplifier tubes.
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Supersedes CECC 36 002 Issue 1:1978
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Supersedes CECC 36 001 Issue 1:1977
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This document relates to pulsed and cw magnetrons.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers refractory silicide sputtering targets for use in microelectronic applications. Targets shall be classified by the following major constituents: molybdenum silicide, tantalum silicide, titanium silicide, and tungsten silicide. Target composition shall be stated as the atomic ratio of silicon to metal and shall conform to the prescribed maximum impurity level for: alkalis (potassium, lithium, sodium), refractory metals (molybdenum, tantalum, titanium, and tungsten), iron, other metals (aluminum, boron, calcium, cobalt, chromium, copper, magnesium, manganese, and nickel), carbon, and oxygen. Low alpha grade targets shall contain the prescribed maximum impurity level of uranium and thorium Dimensional and physical properties such as relative, actual, and theoretical densities are specified. The actual target density shall be determined by Archimedes principle or other acceptable techniques and the theoretical density shall be calculated from the given formula. The following chemical analytical methods shall be used: atomic absorption, combustion or infrared spectrometry, inert gas fusion, and alpha-emission rate analysis, depending on the impurity to be analyzed. There shall be no radial cracks, other cracks, or chips on the sputtering surface.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers sputtering targets fabricated from metallic silicides (molybdenum silicide, tantalum silicide, titanium silicide, and tungsten silicide). These targets are referred to as refractory silicide targets, and are intended for use in microelectronic applications.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covers sputtering targets fabricated from metallic silicides (molybdenum silicide, tantalum silicide, titanium silicide, and tungsten silicide). These targets are referred to as refractory silicide targets, and are intended for use in microelectronic applications.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F01 on Electronics, this specification was withdrawn in January 2020 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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IEC 62701:2014 specifies requirements for recycled mineral insulating oils intended for use in transformers, switchgear, and similar electrical equipment in which oil is required for insulation and heat transfer. These oils are produced by processes employed offsite. Oils treated and reconditioned on-site are not within the scope of this standard. Oils with and without additives are within the scope of this standard. Such oils will have originally been supplied in compliance with a recognized unused mineral insulating oil specification. This standard does not differentiate between the methods used to recycle mineral insulating oil. This standard does not apply to mineral insulating oils used as impregnates in cables or capacitors.
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes techniques for the determination of evaporated barium yield, getter gas content, and getter carbon monoxide sorption capacity for barium flash getters used in electron devices. Test conditions are chosen to approximate use conditions.
1.2 Auxiliary procedures for cleaning, for determining vacuum system leak-up rates, for flashing getters, and for determining barium content in both getter fill and films are also given.
1.3 The various tests described are destructive in nature. In general the tests are semiquantitative but they can be expected to yield comparative information on a single-laboratory basis to the precision indicated. No information relative to multilaboratory reproducibility is available.
1.4 List of Methods DescribedMethodSectionBarium Content, Determination of,9Acid-Base Titration Method9.6Complexation (Titration) Method9.7Gravimetric Method9.4Photometric Method9.5Weight Difference Method9.8Barium Yield, Determination of,10Carbon Monoxide Sorption Characteristics, Determination of12Cleaning Procedures6Getter Mount6.3Getter Test Bulb6.4Flashing Procedures8Gas Content, Determination of for Doped Getters:11Hydrogen11.7Nitrogen for Undoped Getters:11.8Preflash Gas Content11.5Total Gas Content11.4Leak-Up Rates, Determination of7
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of whoever uses this standard to consult and establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 4.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F01 on Electronics, this practice was withdrawn in June 2008 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes techniques for determining gettering rates, sorption capacity, and gas content of nonevaporable getters in the molecular flow region.
1.2 Procedures for activating getters and for determining gas evolution rates are also given.
1.3 The various tests described are mostly destructive in nature. In general, the tests are semiquantitative, but they can be expected to yield comparative information on a single laboratory basis. Multilaboratory reproducibility can be established only with round-robin testing. Single laboratory precision is ±15 % for gettering rate and sorption capacity. Multilaboratory reproducibility is estimated at ±50 %. Gas content measurements may have a substantially greater error due to the uncertainty of the temperature.
1.4 Adverse getter-device interactions such as contamination and poisoning can occur. Such problems are beyond the scope of this practice. The user and seller should establish criteria for controlling problems such as chemical reactions, loose particles, getter location, etc.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific hazard statements are given in Section 4.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F01 on Electronics, this practice was withdrawn in June 2008 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers nickel strip for use as cathodes or other elements in electron tubes.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The metric equivalents of inch-pound units may be approximate.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee F01 on Electronics, this specification was withdrawn in June 2008 in accordance with section 10.5.3.1 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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