11.040.50 - Radiographic equipment
ICS 11.040.50 Details
Radiographic equipment
Radiologische und sonstige Diagnosegerate
Appareils de radiographie
Radiografska oprema
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IEC 61674:2024 specifies the performance and some related constructional requirements of DIAGNOSTIC DOSIMETERS intended for the measurement of AIR KERMA, AIR KERMA LENGTH PRODUCT or AIR KERMA RATE, in photon radiation fields used in medical X-ray imaging, such as RADIOGRAPHY, RADIOSCOPY and COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT), for X-RADIATION with generating potentials in the range of 20 kV to 150 kV. This document is applicable to the performance of DOSIMETERS with VENTED IONIZATION CHAMBERS and/or SEMICONDUCTOR DETECTORS as used in X-ray diagnostic imaging.
IEC 61674:2024 cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2012. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) for mammography, the manufacturer specifies the REFERENCE VALUE for the RADIATION QUALITY;
b) for mammography, the manufacturer provides the MINIMUM RATED RANGE of RADIATION QUALITIES for the compliance test on energy dependence of response;
c) the compliance test for analogue displays was removed;
d) the compliance tests for range reset, the effect of leakage and recombination losses were removed. These tests are already covered by the test on linearity and cannot be conducted for modern devices. The estimation of COMBINED STANDARD UNCERTAINTY was changed accordingly;
e) the compliance test for mains rechargeable and battery-operated dosimeters were updated for modern devices
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- Standard75 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 61223-3-8:2024 applies to evaluation of the imaging performance and related quality control parameters of X‑ray equipment for radiography and radioscopy that conform to IEC 60601-2-54:2022 or IEC 60601-2-43:2022.
This document applies to the evaluation of the imaging performance of the entire imaging chain from image acquisition, image processing and image display.
This document applies to acceptance tests and constancy tests, which are part of the quality assurance program in medical imaging departments and are intended to be performed by or under the responsibility of the responsible organization. A detailed discussion of the position of these tests within the medical radiological equipment lifecycle is provided in Clause A.2. The methods included rely mainly on non-invasive measurements that use appropriate test equipment and are performed after the installation is completed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
IEC 60601-2-54:2022 and IEC 60601-2-43:2022 require information to be provided to the responsible organization with respect to quality control. This document provides guidance to manufacturers regarding the acceptance and constancy tests for the X‑ray equipment in a manufacturer supplied quality control manual. Annex G provides guidance for such a manual.
- Standard100 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61223-3-8:2024 applies to evaluation of the imaging performance and related quality control parameters of X‑ray equipment for radiography and radioscopy that conform to IEC 60601-2-54:2022 or IEC 60601-2-43:2022. This document applies to the evaluation of the imaging performance of the entire imaging chain from image acquisition, image processing and image display. This document applies to acceptance tests and constancy tests, which are part of the quality assurance program in medical imaging departments and are intended to be performed by or under the responsibility of the responsible organization. A detailed discussion of the position of these tests within the medical radiological equipment lifecycle is provided in Clause A.2. The methods included rely mainly on non-invasive measurements that use appropriate test equipment and are performed after the installation is completed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions. IEC 60601-2-54:2022 and IEC 60601-2-43:2022 require information to be provided to the responsible organization with respect to quality control. This document provides guidance to manufacturers regarding the acceptance and constancy tests for the X‑ray equipment in a manufacturer supplied quality control manual. Annex G provides guidance for such a manual.
- Standard100 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 61223-3-8:2024 applies to evaluation of the imaging performance and related quality control parameters of X‑ray equipment for radiography and radioscopy that conform to IEC 60601-2-54:2022 or IEC 60601-2-43:2022.
This document applies to the evaluation of the imaging performance of the entire imaging chain from image acquisition, image processing and image display.
This document applies to acceptance tests and constancy tests, which are part of the quality assurance program in medical imaging departments and are intended to be performed by or under the responsibility of the responsible organization. A detailed discussion of the position of these tests within the medical radiological equipment lifecycle is provided in Clause A.2. The methods included rely mainly on non-invasive measurements that use appropriate test equipment and are performed after the installation is completed in accordance with the manufacturer’s installation instructions.
IEC 60601-2-54:2022 and IEC 60601-2-43:2022 require information to be provided to the responsible organization with respect to quality control. This document provides guidance to manufacturers regarding the acceptance and constancy tests for the X‑ray equipment in a manufacturer supplied quality control manual. Annex G provides guidance for such a manual.
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- Corrigendum3 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Corrigendum3 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
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IEC 62220-2-1:2023 describes the performance metrics associated with DUAL-ENERGY IMAGING capable DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES meant for medical applications and specifies the methods for their determination. These metrics can be used to analyse TISSUE-SUBTRACTED IMAGES and to evaluate dose performance, noise characteristics, and tissue-subtraction efficacy of DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES. The described methods indicate the procedures to obtain MULTI-SPECTRAL PRIMARY DATA and to compute their derived TISSUE-SUBTRACTED IMAGES.
The intended users of this document are MANUFACTURERS and well-equipped test laboratories. This document is restricted to DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES that are used for single or multiple exposure dual-energy radiographic imaging based on, for example, CR systems, direct and indirect flat panel-detector based systems.
This document excludes and is not applicable to:
– DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES intended to be used in mammography or in dental RADIOGRAPHY;
– slot scanning DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES;
– COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY or CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY;
– photon-energy discriminating devices such as photon counting X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES;
– devices for dynamic imaging (where series of images are acquired, as in fluoroscopy or cardiac imaging).
– DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES intended to be used with RADIOTHERAPY beams.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62220-2-1:2023 describes the performance metrics associated with DUAL-ENERGY IMAGING capable DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES meant for medical applications and specifies the methods for their determination. These metrics can be used to analyse TISSUE-SUBTRACTED IMAGES and to evaluate dose performance, noise characteristics, and tissue-subtraction efficacy of DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES. The described methods indicate the procedures to obtain MULTI-SPECTRAL PRIMARY DATA and to compute their derived TISSUE-SUBTRACTED IMAGES. The intended users of this document are MANUFACTURERS and well-equipped test laboratories. This document is restricted to DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES that are used for single or multiple exposure dual-energy radiographic imaging based on, for example, CR systems, direct and indirect flat panel-detector based systems. This document excludes and is not applicable to: – DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES intended to be used in mammography or in dental RADIOGRAPHY; – slot scanning DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES; – COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY or CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; – photon-energy discriminating devices such as photon counting X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES; – devices for dynamic imaging (where series of images are acquired, as in fluoroscopy or cardiac imaging). – DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES intended to be used with RADIOTHERAPY beams.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62220-2-1:2023 describes the performance metrics associated with DUAL-ENERGY IMAGING capable DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES meant for medical applications and specifies the methods for their determination. These metrics can be used to analyse TISSUE-SUBTRACTED IMAGES and to evaluate dose performance, noise characteristics, and tissue-subtraction efficacy of DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES. The described methods indicate the procedures to obtain MULTI-SPECTRAL PRIMARY DATA and to compute their derived TISSUE-SUBTRACTED IMAGES.
The intended users of this document are MANUFACTURERS and well-equipped test laboratories. This document is restricted to DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES that are used for single or multiple exposure dual-energy radiographic imaging based on, for example, CR systems, direct and indirect flat panel-detector based systems.
This document excludes and is not applicable to:
– DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES intended to be used in mammography or in dental RADIOGRAPHY;
– slot scanning DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES;
– COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY or CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY;
– photon-energy discriminating devices such as photon counting X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES;
– devices for dynamic imaging (where series of images are acquired, as in fluoroscopy or cardiac imaging).
– DIGITAL X-RAY IMAGING DEVICES intended to be used with RADIOTHERAPY beams.
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IEC 60601-2-57:2023 applies to basic safety and essential performance of equipment incorporating one or more sources of optical radiation in the wavelength range 200 nm to 3 000 nm, with the exception of laser radiation, and intended to create photobiological effects in humans for therapeutic, diagnostic, monitoring, and cosmetic or aesthetic applications; hereafter referred to as light source equipment (ls equipment).
- Standard59 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the performance requirements of instruments as used in the NON -
INVASIVE MEASUREMENT of X- RAY TUBE VOLTAGE up to 150 kV and the relevant compliance tests.
This document also describes the method for CALIBRATION and gives guidance for estimating
the uncertainty in measurements performed under conditions different from those during
CALIBRATION .
Applications for such measurement are found in diagnostic RADIOLOGY including mammography,
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT), dental radiology and RADIOSCOPY . This document is not
concerned with the safety aspect of such instruments. The requirements for electrical safety
applying to them are contained in IEC 61010-1.
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IEC 61676:2023 is available as IEC 61676:2023 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 61676:2023 specifies the performance requirements of instruments as used in the non-invasive measurement of X-RAY tube voltage up to 150 kV and the relevant compliance tests. This document also describes the method for calibration and gives guidance for estimating the uncertainty in measurements performed under conditions different from those during calibration. Applications for such measurement are found in diagnostic radiology including mammography, computed tomography (CT), dental radiology and radioscopy. This document is not concerned with the safety aspect of such instruments. The requirements for electrical safety applying to them are contained in IEC 61010-1. IEC 61676:2023 cancels and replaces first edition published in 2002, Amendment 1:2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision. It includes an assessment of the combined standard uncertainty for the performance of a hypothetical instrument for the non-invasive measurement of the tube high voltage (in Annex A) which replaces Annex A of the edition 1.1 titled "Recommended performance criteria for the invasive divider".
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ISO/IEEE 11073-10415:2010 establishes a normative definition of communication between personal telehealth weighing scale devices and computer engines (e.g., cell phones, personal computers, personal health appliances, and set top boxes) in a manner that enables plug-and-play interoperability. It leverages appropriate portions of existing standards, including ISO/IEEE 11073 terminology, information models, application profile standards, and transport standards. It specifies the use of specific term codes, formats, and behaviours in telehealth environments restricting optionality in base frameworks in favour of interoperability. This International Standard defines a common core of communication functionality for personal telehealth weighing scales.
ISO/IEEE 11073-10415:2010 addresses a need for an openly defined, independent standard for controlling information exchange to and from personal health devices and computer engines.
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IEC 61676:2023 is available as IEC 61676:2023 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 61676:2023 specifies the performance requirements of instruments as used in the non-invasive measurement of X-RAY tube voltage up to 150 kV and the relevant compliance tests. This document also describes the method for calibration and gives guidance for estimating the uncertainty in measurements performed under conditions different from those during calibration. Applications for such measurement are found in diagnostic radiology including mammography, computed tomography (CT), dental radiology and radioscopy. This document is not concerned with the safety aspect of such instruments. The requirements for electrical safety applying to them are contained in IEC 61010-1. IEC 61676:2023 cancels and replaces first edition published in 2002, Amendment 1:2008. This edition constitutes a technical revision. It includes an assessment of the combined standard uncertainty for the performance of a hypothetical instrument for the non-invasive measurement of the tube high voltage (in Annex A) which replaces Annex A of the edition 1.1 titled "Recommended performance criteria for the invasive divider".
The contents of the corrigendum of January 2024 have been included in this copy.
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20211012-JO-Link to 93/42/EEC and M/295 removed
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20211012-JO-Link to 93/42/EEC and M/295 removed
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This International Standard is applicable to X-RAY SOURCE ASSEMBLIES and X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLIES, for use in MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY for techniques in which the X-RAY PATTERN will be received simultaneously in all points of the IMAGE RECEPTION AREA.
This standard specifies a method for the determination of the greatest geometrically symmetrical RADIATION FIELD at a specified distance from the FOCAL SPOT for which the percentage AIR KERMA RATE along the major axes of the RADIATION FIELD does not fall below a permitted value.
NOTE 1 AIR KERMA or AIR KERMA RATE are the only practical verifiable physical quantities for X-RAY SOURCES. X-RAY SOURCES must be tested independently from MEDICAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS. Conversion to the characteristics of the X-RAY IMAGE RECEPTOR used in a MEDICAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM may be done in addition.
In case multiple FOCAL SPOTS are not super-imposed, each focal spot has its own REFERENCE AXIS. Then the maximum RADIATION FIELD may be given for each FOCAL SPOT separately
NOTE 2 The maximum symmetrical RADIATION FIELD may change from its initial value as the X-RAY TUBE ages through use.
NOTE 3 If, for certain MEDICAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEMs the scope of IEC 60806 does not fit, then the special RADIATION FIELD requirements could be incorporated in the MEDICAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM particular standard. However, a statement on the RADIATION FIELD while referring IEC 60806 is then no longer possible.
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This International Standard applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of both FIXED and MOBILE X-RAY EQUIPMENT declared by the MANUFACTURER to be suitable for RADIOSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES, hereafter referred to as INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT. Its scope excludes, in particular:
- equipment for RADIOTHERAPY;
- equipment for COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY;
- ACCESSORIES intended to be introduced into the PATIENT;
- mammographic X-RAY EQUIPMENT;
- dental X-RAY EQUIPMENT.
NOTE 1 Examples of RADIOSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES, for which the use of INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT complying with this standard is recommended, are given in Annex AA.
NOTE 2 Specific requirements for magnetic navigation devices, and for the use of INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT in an operating room environment were not considered in this particular standard; therefore no specific requirements have been developed for these devices or uses. In any case, such devices or uses remain under the general clause requirements.
NOTE 3 INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT, when used for cone-beam CT mode, is covered by this standard and not by IEC 60601-2-44 [2]2. No additional requirements for operation in cone-beam CT mode were identified for this standard (see also Note 4 in 203.6.4.5).
INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT declared by the MANUFACTURER to be suitable for RADIOSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES, which does not include a PATIENT SUPPORT as part of the system, is exempt from the PATIENT SUPPORT provisions of this standard.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT only, or to ME SYSTEMS only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT and to ME SYSTEMS, as relevant.
NOTE 4 See also 4.2 of the general standard.
The subclauses of this standard supersede IEC 60601-2-54 subclauses. IEC 60601-2-54 applies only with regards to the cited subclauses; non-cited subclauses of IEC 60601-2-54 do not apply.
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This International Standard applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of both FIXED and MOBILE X-RAY EQUIPMENT declared by the MANUFACTURER to be suitable for RADIOSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES, hereafter referred to as INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT. Its scope excludes, in particular: - equipment for RADIOTHERAPY; - equipment for COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; - ACCESSORIES intended to be introduced into the PATIENT; - mammographic X-RAY EQUIPMENT; - dental X-RAY EQUIPMENT. NOTE 1 Examples of RADIOSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES, for which the use of INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT complying with this standard is recommended, are given in Annex AA. NOTE 2 Specific requirements for magnetic navigation devices, and for the use of INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT in an operating room environment were not considered in this particular standard; therefore no specific requirements have been developed for these devices or uses. In any case, such devices or uses remain under the general clause requirements. NOTE 3 INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT, when used for cone-beam CT mode, is covered by this standard and not by IEC 60601-2-44 [2]2. No additional requirements for operation in cone-beam CT mode were identified for this standard (see also Note 4 in 203.6.4.5). INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT declared by the MANUFACTURER to be suitable for RADIOSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES, which does not include a PATIENT SUPPORT as part of the system, is exempt from the PATIENT SUPPORT provisions of this standard. If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT only, or to ME SYSTEMS only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT and to ME SYSTEMS, as relevant. NOTE 4 See also 4.2 of the general standard. The subclauses of this standard supersede IEC 60601-2-54 subclauses. IEC 60601-2-54 applies only with regards to the cited subclauses; non-cited subclauses of IEC 60601-2-54 do not apply.
- Standard65 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This International Standard is applicable to X-RAY SOURCE ASSEMBLIES and X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLIES, for use in MEDICAL DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY for techniques in which the X-RAY PATTERN will be received simultaneously in all points of the IMAGE RECEPTION AREA. This standard specifies a method for the determination of the greatest geometrically symmetrical RADIATION FIELD at a specified distance from the FOCAL SPOT for which the percentage AIR KERMA RATE along the major axes of the RADIATION FIELD does not fall below a permitted value. NOTE 1 AIR KERMA or AIR KERMA RATE are the only practical verifiable physical quantities for X-RAY SOURCES. X-RAY SOURCES must be tested independently from MEDICAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS. Conversion to the characteristics of the X-RAY IMAGE RECEPTOR used in a MEDICAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM may be done in addition. In case multiple FOCAL SPOTS are not super-imposed, each focal spot has its own REFERENCE AXIS. Then the maximum RADIATION FIELD may be given for each FOCAL SPOT separately NOTE 2 The maximum symmetrical RADIATION FIELD may change from its initial value as the X-RAY TUBE ages through use. NOTE 3 If, for certain MEDICAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEMs the scope of IEC 60806 does not fit, then the special RADIATION FIELD requirements could be incorporated in the MEDICAL ELECTRICAL SYSTEM particular standard. However, a statement on the RADIATION FIELD while referring IEC 60806 is then no longer possible.
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IEC 60601-2-43:2022 is available as IEC 60601-2-43:2022 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60601-2-43:2022 applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of both FIXED and MOBILE X RAY EQUIPMENT declared by the MANUFACTURER to be suitable for RADIOSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES, hereafter referred to as INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT. Its scope excludes, in particular:
- equipment for RADIOTHERAPY;
- equipment for COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY;
- ACCESSORIES intended to be introduced into the PATIENT;
- mammographic X RAY EQUIPMENT;
- dental X RAY EQUIPMENT.
INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT declared by the MANUFACTURER to be suitable for RADIOSCOPICALLY GUIDED INTERVENTIONAL PROCEDURES, which does not include a PATIENT SUPPORT as part of the system, is exempt from the PATIENT SUPPORT provisions of this document.
If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT only, or to ME SYSTEMS only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to INTERVENTIONAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT and to ME SYSTEMS, as relevant.
IEC 60601-2-54 applies only with regards to the cited subclauses; non-cited subclauses of IEC 60601-2-54 do not apply.
IEC 60601-2-43:2022 cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2010, Amendment 1:2017 and Amendment 2:2019. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes editorial and technical changes to reflect the IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD2:2020 and IEC 60601-2-54:2022. It also contains corrections and technical improvements. Significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows:
a) a new specific term DOSIMETER is introduced to replace the general term DOSEMETER as in IEC 60601-2-54:2022;
b) several terms and definitions that are moved from IEC TR 60788:2004 to 201.3 of IEC 60601-2-54:2022 are also referenced from IEC 60601-2-54:2022.
c) the collateral standards IEC 60601-1-11:2015, IEC 60601-1-11:2015/AMD1:2020, IEC 60601-1-12:2014 and IEC 60601-1-12:2014/AMD1:2020 are applicable if MANUFACTURER so declares;
d) the former subclause 201.11.101 “Protection against excessive temperature of X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLIES” is removed since covered by IEC 60601-1:2005, IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD1:2012, IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD2:2020 and IEC 60601-2-28:2017, and the former subclause 201.11.102 is renumbered as 201.11.101, as in IEC 60601-2-54:2022;
e) to adopt changes in subclause 7.8.1 “Colours of indicator lights” in IEC 60601 1:2005/AMD2:2020, clarification of requirements is provided in 201.7.8.1 to avoid conflicts with requirements of indicator lights stipulated for X-RAY EQUIPMENT, as in IEC 60601-2-54:2022;
f) explanation of the term ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE is provided in Annex AA to emphasize the performance of the clinical function under NORMAL CONDITIONS and SINGLE FAULT CONDITIONS.
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IEC 60806:2022 is applicable to X-RAY SOURCE ASSEMBLIES and X-RAY TUBE ASSEMBLIES.
This document specifies a method for the determination of the greatest geometrically symmetrical RADIATION FIELD at a specified distance from the FOCAL SPOT for which the percentage AIR KERMA RATE along the major axes of the RADIATION FIELD does not fall below a permitted value.
In case multiple FOCAL SPOTS are not super-imposed, each FOCAL SPOT has its own REFERENCE AXIS. Then the maximum RADIATION FIELD can be given for each FOCAL SPOT separately.
IEC 60806:2022 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1984. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical change with respect to the previous edition:
a) addition of solid state detectors as they have become more common since the first edition of 1984.
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IEC 61223-3-5:2019 applies to CT SCANNERS that conform to IEC 60601-2-44:2009, IEC 60601-2-44:2009/AMD1:2012 and IEC 60601-2-44:2009/AMD1:2012AMD2:2016. IEC 60601-2-44 and this document • defines the essential parameters which describe the performance of CT SCANNERS with regard to image quality, RADIATION OUTPUT and PATIENT positioning; the list of parameters to be tested can be found in section 4.3, • defines the methods of testing the essential parameters, and • evaluates compliance with the tolerances of the parameters SPECIFIED by the ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS. The methods defined in IEC 60601-2-44 and this document rely on non-invasive measurements, using appropriate test equipment, performed during or after installation. Signed statements covering steps in the installation procedure can be used as part of the ACCEPTANCE TEST report. This document applies to ACCEPTANCE TESTS and CONSTANCY TESTS on a CT SCANNER. The aim of the ACCEPTANCE TESTS is to verify compliance of the installation or MAJOR SERVICE ACTION with specifications affecting the image quality, RADIATION OUTPUT and PATIENT positioning. The CONSTANCY TESTS are performed to ensure that the functional performance of EQUIPMENT meets ESTABLISHED CRITERIA and to enable the early recognition of changes in the properties of components of the EQUIPMENT, and to verify compliance with specifications affecting the image quality, RADIATION OUTPUT and PATIENT positioning. This document also contains requirements associated with ACCEPTANCE and CONSTANCY TESTING for the ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS of the CT SCANNER. This document does not apply to • aspects of mechanical and electrical safety, and • aspects of mechanical, electrical and software performance, unless they are essential for performing the ACCEPTANCE TESTS and CONSTANCY TESTS, and are directly affecting image quality, RADIATION OUTPUT and PATIENT positioning. IEC 61223-3-5:2019 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2004, and the second edition of IEC 61223-2-6 published in 2006. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical change with respect to the previous edition and to IEC 61223-2-6: 1) modification of the RADIATION protection and control; 2) modification of the acceptance testing; 3) introduction of constancy testing.
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IEC 62985:2019 applies to – CT SCANNERS that are able to display and report CTDIVOL in accordance with IEC 60601-2-44, and – RADIATION dose index monitoring software (RDIMS) for the purpose of calculating, displaying and recording the SIZE SPECIFIC DOSE ESTIMATE (SSDE) and its associated components. Specifically, this document provides standardized methods and requirements for calculating, displaying, or recording of SSDE, SSDE(z), WATER EQUIVALENT DIAMETER (DW), and DW(z), where z represents a specific longitudinal position of the scanned object. This document provides a method of determining a reference WATER EQUIVALENT DIAMETER, DW,REF(z), using CT scans of two cylindrical water PHANTOMS and one or more anthropomorphic PHANTOM(S), which conform to the specifications defined in this document. The method of calculating the WATER EQUIVALENT DIAMETER that is implemented by the MANUFACTURER, DW,IMP(z), is tested and validated against DW,REF(z) using the TEST OBJECTS and methods defined within this document. This document also describes the methods for calculating SSDE and DW, which represent the average values of SSDE(z) and DW(z) over the RECONSTRUCTION LENGTH.
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NEXT ACTION: PUBLICATION EXPECTED BY 2019-10-31
2019-07-04 IP: BT decision D163/C033 - remove link to MDD
2017-10-09: Publication on hold due to negative assessment
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IEC 60601-2-54:2022 is available as IEC 60601-2-54:2022 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60601-2-54:2022 applies to the BASIC SAFETY and ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE of ME EQUIPMENT and ME SYSTEMS intended to be used for projection RADIOGRAPHY and INDIRECT RADIOSCOPY. IEC 60601-2-43 applies to ME EQUIPMENT and ME SYSTEMS intended to be used for interventional applications and refers to applicable requirements in this document. ME EQUIPMENT and ME SYSTEMS intended to be used for bone or tissue absorption densitometry, computed tomography, mammography or dental or radiotherapy applications are excluded from the scope of this document. The scope of this document also excludes radiotherapy simulators. If a clause or subclause is specifically intended to be applicable to ME EQUIPMENT only, or to ME SYSTEMS only, the title and content of that clause or subclause will say so. If that is not the case, the clause or subclause applies both to ME EQUIPMENT and to ME SYSTEMS, as relevant. IEC 60601-2-54:2022 edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2009, Amendment 1:2015 and Amendment 2:2018. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes editorial and technical changes to reflect the IEC 60601 1:2005/AMD2:2020. It also contains corrections and technical improvements. Significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows:
a) a new specific term DOSIMETER is introduced to replace the general term DOSEMETER;
b) terms and definitions taken exclusively from IEC TR 60788:2004 and which are specifically applicable in this document have been moved to 201.3;
c) the collateral standards IEC 60601-1-11:2015, IEC 60601-1-11:2015/AMD1:2020, IEC 60601-1-12:2014 and IEC 60601-1-12:2014/AMD1:2020 are applicable if MANUFACTURER so declares;
d) the subclause 201.11.101 “Protection against excessive temperatures of X-ray tube assemblies” has been removed from this document as its requirements are sufficiently and clearly covered by IEC 60601-1:2005, IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD1:2012, IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD2:2020 and IEC 60601-2-28:2017;
e) to adopt changes which are introduced with respect to indicator lights in 7.8.1 of the IEC 60601-1:2005/AMD2:2020 clarification of requirements is provided to avoid conflicts with requirements of indicator lights stipulated for X-RAY EQUIPMENT;
f) explanation of the term ESSENTIAL PERFORMANCE is provided in Annex AA to emphasize the performance of the clinical function under NORMAL and SINGLE FAULT CONDITIONS. CONDITIONS.
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IEC TR 61390:2022 describes representative methods of measuring the performance of complete real-time medical ultrasonic imaging equipment in the frequency range 0,5 MHz to 23 MHz.
This document is relevant for real-time ultrasonic scanners based on the pulse-echo principle, for the types listed below:
- mechanical sector scanner;
- electronic phased array sector scanner;
- electronic linear array scanner;
-electronic curved array sector scanner;
- water-bath scanner based on any of the above four scanning mechanisms;
- plane-wave/fast imaging scanners;
- combination of several of the above methods (e.g. a linear array phased at the edge to produce a sector there to enlarge the field of view.
The methods described are based on evaluation of:
- sonograms obtained by scanning of tissue mimicking objects (phantoms);
- sonograms obtained by scanning of artificial, low- or highly reflective targets in suitable environments;
- parameters of the ultrasound field transmitted by the measured scanner.
This document does not relate to methods for measuring electrical parameters of the scanner’s electronic systems.
IEC TR 61390:2022 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1996. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Several additional phantom designs are included in the main body of the document;
b) Several additional transducer types are included in the Scope;
c) Methods of analysis are presented in new Annex B.
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NEXT ACTION: PUBLICATION EXPECTED BY 2019-10-31
2019-07-04 IP: BT decision D163/C033 - remove link to MDD
NEXT ACTION: TB Action by 21-22 May 2019 i.e. Next CLC TC 62 Plenary Meeting
2019-01-24: JO - In contact with CLC TC 62 secretary to know if an annex ZZ is expected or if a CIB will be launched to decouple this standard from the harmonization process.
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IEC Corrected version
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IEC Corrected version
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IEC Corrected version
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NEXT ACTION: PUBLICATION EXPECTED BY 2019-10-31
2019-07-04 IP: BT decision D163/C033 - remove link to MDD
NEXT ACTION: TB Action by 21-22 May 2019 i.e. Next CLC TC 62 Plenary Meeting
2019-01-24: JO - In contact with CLC TC 62 secretary to know if an annex ZZ is expected or if a CIB will be launched to decouple this standard from the harmonization process.
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IEC 60601-2-45:2011 applies to the basic safety and essential performance of mammographic X-ray equipment and mammographic stereotactic devices. IEC 60601-2-45:2011 addresses the system level of mammographic X-ray equipment, which consists of a combination of an X-ray generator, associated equipment and accessories. Components functions are addressed as far as necessary. The minimum safety requirements specified in this particular standard are considered to provide for a practical degree of safety in the operation of mammographic X-ray equipment. Like the previous edition of this Part 2-45, the present third edition includes requirements on high-voltage generators for mammography. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2001. This edition constitutes a technical revision. The document has been aligned to the 3rd edition of IEC 60601-1 (2005) and to IEC 60601-1-3 (2010). Further modifications have been made with respect to the current technology of mammographic X-ray equipment.
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IEC TS 62791:2022 defines terms and specifies methods for quantifying detailed imaging performance of real-time, ultrasound B-mode scanners. Detail is assessed by imaging phantoms containing small, low-echo spherical targets in a tissue-mimicking background and analysing sphere detectability. Specifications are given for phantom properties. In addition, procedures are described for acquiring images, conducting qualitative analysis of sphere detectability, and carrying out quantitative analysis by detecting sphere locations and computing their contrast-to-noise ratios. With appropriate choices in design, results can be applied, for example:
• to assess the relative ability of scanner configurations (scanner make and model, scan head and console settings) to delineate the boundary of a tumour or identify specific features of tumours;
• to choose scanner control settings, such as frequency or the number and location of transmit foci, which maximize spatial resolution;
• to detect defects in probes causing enhanced sidelobes and spurious echoes.
The types of transducers used with these scanners include:
a) phased arrays,
b) linear arrays,
c) convex arrays,
d) mechanical sector scanners,
e) 3-D probes operating in 2-D imaging mode, and
f) 3-D probes operating in 3-D imaging mode for a limited number of sets of reconstructed 2 D images.
The test methodology is applicable for transducers operating in the 1 MHz to 23 MHz frequency range.
IEC TS 62791:2022 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition.
a) It introduces necessary corrections to the analysis methods; these have been published in the literature.
b) It increases the range of contrast levels of low-echo spheres in phantoms that meet this Technical Specification. Previous specification was -20 dB, but two additional levels, -6 dB and either -30 dB or, if possible, -40 dB, are now specified.
c) It includes a wider range of uses of the methodology, including testing the effectiveness of scanner pre-sets for specific clinical tasks and detecting flaws in transducers and in beamforming.
d) It decreases the manufacturing cost by decreasing phantoms' dimensions and numbers of low-echo, backscattering spheres embedded in each phantom.
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IEC Corrected version
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IEC Corrected version
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IEC Corrected version
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2019-04-04-JO-: link to legislation and mandate M/295 removed following CLC/BT decision D162/C076
2018-10-31: Lack of compliance from the HAS consultant
2018-08-23 : Consultant's assessment is missing.
in-check - 2018-07-12 - Consultant's assessment is rejected at CDV stage.
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This part of IEC 61010 specifies safety requirements for electrical equipment and its
accessories within the categories a) through c), wherever it is intended to be used, whenever
that equipment incorporates one or more of the following characteristics:
– A REFRIGERATING SYSTEM that is acted on or impacted by an integral heating function such
that the combined heating and REFRIGERATING SYSTEM generates additional and/or more
severe HAZARDS than those for the two systems if treated separately.
– The materials being treated in the intended application introduce significant heat into the
REFRIGERATING SYSTEM, so that the REFRIGERATING SYSTEM in the application yields
additional and/or more severe HAZARDS than those for the REFRIGERATING SYSTEM if
operated at the maximum RATED ambient temperature alone.
– An irradiation function for the materials being treated presenting additional HAZARDS.
– A function to expose the materials being treated to excessive humidity, carbon dioxide,
salt mist, or other substances which can result in additional HAZARDS.
– A function of MECHANICAL MOVEMENT presenting additional HAZARDS.
– Provision for an OPERATOR to walk in to the operating area to load or unload the materials
being treated.
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IEC 61675-1:2022 specifies terminology and test methods for declaring the characteristics of POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHS. POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHS detect the ANNIHILATION RADIATION of positron emitting RADIONUCLIDES by COINCIDENCE DETECTION.
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IEC 61675-1:2022 is available as IEC 61675-1:2022 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 61675-1:2022 specifies terminology and test methods for declaring the characteristics of POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHS. POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHS detect the ANNIHILATION RADIATION of positron emitting RADIONUCLIDES by COINCIDENCE DETECTION. IEC 61675-1:2022 cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical change with respect to the previous edition: requirements have been changed or newly created regarding the technical aspects of SPATIAL RESOLUTION, sensitivity measurement, SCATTER FRACTION, COUNT RATE performance, image quality, PET/CT registration accuracy and time-of-flight resolution.
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This part of IEC 61223 applies to DENTAL CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY X-RAY EQUIPMENT,
hereafter also called DENTAL CBCT EQUIPMENT, that conforms to IEC 60601-2-63:2012+AMD1:2017+AMD2:2021.
NOTE 1 DENTAL CBCT EQUIPMENT is a subset of DENTAL EXTRA-ORAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT.
NOTE 2 DENTAL EXTRA-ORAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT can provide one or more of PANORAMIC, CEPHALOMETRIC, tomosynthesis and DENTAL CBCT imaging modalities, all of which are in the scope of the IEC 60601-2-63 basic safety and performance standard.
This document applies to ACCEPTANCE TESTS and CONSTANCY TESTS on DENTAL CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY X-RAY EQUIPMENT.
The aim of ACCEPTANCE TESTS is to verify compliance of the installation or MAJOR SERVICE ACTION with specifications affecting the image quality, RADIATION OUTPUT and PATIENT positioning. The requirements specified in this document are minimal requirements. The MANUFACTURER can establish criteria for the tests described here that exceed the levels contained in this document. CONSTANCY TESTS are performed to ensure that the functional performance of ME EQUIPMENTmeets established criteria and to enable the early recognition of changes in the properties of components of the ME EQUIPMENT, and to verify compliance with specifications affecting the image quality, RADIATION OUTPUT and PATIENT positioning.
This document also contains requirements for the ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS associated with ACCEPTANCE AND CONSTANCY TESTING of the DENTAL CBCT EQUIPMENT.
This document does not apply to:
– aspects of thermal, EMD (electromagnetic disturbances), mechanical and electrical safety;
– aspects of mechanical, electrical and software performance, unless they are essential for performing the ACCEPTANCE TESTS and CONSTANCY TESTS, and directly affect image quality, RADIATION OUTPUT and PATIENT positioning.
NOTE 3 Such aspects are generally addressed by IEC 60601-1 (all parts).
Equipment in the scope of IEC 61223-3-5 is excluded from the scope of this document.
DENTAL EXTRA-ORAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT can provide modalities which are in the scope of IEC 61223-3-4. In this case, the respective clauses of the IEC 61223-3-4 apply.
The object of this document is to establish:
– the essential parameters which describe the performance of DENTAL CBCT EQUIPMENT with regard to the image quality, RADIATION OUTPUT and PATIENT positioning;
– methods of testing and whether measured quantities related to those parameters comply with the specified requirements.
These methods rely on non-invasive measurements performed once the installation or a MAJOR SERVICE ACTION is completed.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of IEC 61223 applies to DENTAL CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY X-RAY EQUIPMENT, hereafter also called DENTAL CBCT EQUIPMENT, that conforms to IEC 60601-2-63:2012 and IEC 60601-2-63:2012/AMD1:2017. NOTE 1 DENTAL CBCT EQUIPMENT is a subset of DENTAL EXTRA-ORAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT. NOTE 2 DENTAL EXTRA-ORAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT can provide one or more of PANORAMIC, CEPHALOMETRIC, tomosynthesis and DENTAL CBCT imaging modalities, all of which are in the scope of the IEC 60601-2-63 basic safety and performance standard. This document applies to ACCEPTANCE TESTS and CONSTANCY TESTS on DENTAL CONE-BEAM COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY X-RAY EQUIPMENT. The aim of ACCEPTANCE TESTS is to verify compliance of the installation or MAJOR SERVICE ACTION with specifications affecting the image quality, RADIATION OUTPUT and PATIENT positioning. The requirements specified in this document are minimal requirements. The MANUFACTURER can establish criteria for the tests described here that exceed the levels contained in this document. CONSTANCY TESTS are performed to ensure that the functional performance of ME EQUIPMENT meets established criteria and to enable the early recognition of changes in the properties of components of the ME EQUIPMENT, and to verify compliance with specifications affecting the image quality, RADIATION OUTPUT and PATIENT positioning. This document also contains requirements for the ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTS associated with ACCEPTANCE AND CONSTANCY TESTING of the DENTAL CBCT EQUIPMENT. This document does not apply to: - aspects of thermal, EMD (electromagnetic disturbances), mechanical and electrical safety; - aspects of mechanical, electrical and software performance, unless they are essential for performing the ACCEPTANCE TESTS and CONSTANCY TESTS, and directly affect image quality, RADIATION OUTPUT and PATIENT positioning. NOTE 3 Such aspects are generally addressed by IEC 60601-1 (all parts). Equipment in the scope of IEC 61223-3-5 is excluded from the scope of this document. DENTAL EXTRA-ORAL X-RAY EQUIPMENT can provide modalities which are in the scope of IEC 61223-3-4. In this case, the respective clauses of the IEC 61223-3-4 apply. The object of this document is to establish: - the essential parameters which describe the performance of DENTAL CBCT EQUIPMENT with regard to the image quality, RADIATION OUTPUT and PATIENT positioning; - methods of testing and whether measured quantities related to those parameters comply with the specified requirements. These methods rely on non-invasive measurements performed once the installation or a MAJOR SERVICE ACTION is completed.
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This part of IEC 62464 specifies measurement procedures for the determination of many essential image quality parameters for MR EQUIPMENT. Measurement procedures as addressed in this document are suitable for - quality assessment in the ACCEPTANCE TEST, and - quality assurance in the CONSTANCY TEST. Required levels of performance for ACCEPTANCE TESTS are not provided for all tests. This document does not address - image quality assessment of MR EQUIPMENT with a static magnetic field intensity greater than 8 Tesla, if not otherwise stated, - image quality affected by MR-compatibility issues, - special diagnostic procedures such as flow imaging, perfusion, diffusion, radiotherapy and image-guided therapy applications, and - TYPE TESTS. The scope of this document is also limited to measuring image quality characteristics in images acquired on TEST DEVICES, not in PATIENT images. The measurement procedures specified in this document are directed to - MANUFACTURERS, who can demonstrate compliance by performing ACCEPTANCE and CONSTANCY TESTS as described by this document, - test houses, who can confirm performance of MR EQUIPMENT using methods described in this document, - regulatory authorities, who can reference this document, and - RESPONSIBLE ORGANISATIONS who want to perform ACCEPTANCE and CONSTANCY TESTS using methods described in this document. The essential image quality parameters and measurement methodologies defined in this document are - SIGNAL TO NOISE RATIO, - UNIFORMITY, - SLICE THICKNESS in 2-D scanning, - 2-D GEOMETRIC DISTORTION, - SPATIAL RESOLUTION, and - GHOSTING ARTEFACTS. Each of these procedures can be performed standalone or in combination with any of the other procedures. This document describes the preferred measurement procedures. It also describes alternative normative methods in Annex A. The preferred test methods may be substituted with these If necessary, other methods not described in this document can be used, provided those other test methods are documented and validated against the methods described in the document: it means an analysis is done by comparison to the original method that demonstrates a similar, or better, level of sensitivity to the same parameter of interest and a similar, or better, level of robustness against unrelated parameters. All methods will produce quantitative results. The rationale to the preferred and alternate methods, and their pitfalls, are described in Annex B. This document also presents requirements for CONSTANCY TESTS suitable for MR EQUIPMENT quality assurance programs concerning essential image quality parameters. There are no preferred CONSTANCY TEST methods, to provide flexibility in using existing automated procedures where available, but suggested examples of test methods can be found in Annex A. This document places an emphasis on consistently repeatable, automated measuring tools that facilitate trend analysis and the frequent quick testing of a small set of important parameters that are sensitive to the overall operating characteristics of the MR EQUIPMENT. NOTE None of the methods found in this document have been extensively tested at a static magnetic field intensity above 3 T. Initial tests indicate the methods function correctly when appropriate TEST DEVICE fillers are used.
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Establishes particular requirements for the safety of electromyographs and evoked response equipment as defined in clause 2 of this standard.
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