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83.040.20 - Rubber compounding ingredients

ICS 83.040.20 Details

Rubber compounding ingredients

Zusatze fur Gummimischungen

Ingrédients de mélange du caoutchouc

Primesi za mešanice gum

General Information

Parent
83.040 - Raw materials for rubber and plastics

Frequently Asked Questions

ICS 83.040.20 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Rubber compounding ingredients". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.

There are 508 standards classified under ICS 83.040.20 (Rubber compounding ingredients). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.

The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.

Standardization Organization
Technical Committee
Directive
Mandate
50
ISO
ISO 6472:2024(Main)
Rubber compounding ingredients - Abbreviated terms

This document establishes unambiguous abbreviated terms for commonly used rubber compounding ingredients of known, specific chemical composition.

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ASTM
ASTM D5857-17(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Polypropylene Injection and Extrusion Materials Using ISO Protocol and Methodology

ABSTRACT
This specification covers polypropylene materials suitable for injection molding and extrusion. Polymers consist of polypropylene homopolymers, polypropylene copolymers, and polypropylene-elastomer compounds produced with or without the addition of impact modifiers (ethylene-propylene rubber, polyisobutylene rubber, and butyl rubber, and so forth), colorants, stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, or reinforcements. Unreinforced polypropylene materials are classified into groups in accordance with basic composition. These groups are subdivided into classes and grades. The plastic composition shall be uniform and shall conform to the requirements specified. Tests shall be performed to determine the properties of the material in accordance with the following test methods: flow rate; tensile strength; flexural modulus; Charpy impact resistance; falling mass impact resistance; temperature of deflection under load; and multiaxial impact ductile-brittle transition temperature.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers polypropylene materials suitable for injection molding and extrusion. Polymers consist of polypropylene homopolymers, polypropylene copolymers, and polypropylene-elastomer compounds produced with or without the addition of impact modifiers (ethylene-propylene rubber, polyisobutylene rubber, and butyl rubber, and so forth), colorants, stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, or reinforcements.  
1.2 This specification allows for the use of those polypropylene materials that can be recycled, reconstituted, and reground, provided that the following conditions are met:  
1.2.1 The requirements as stated in this specification and other ISO guidelines pertaining to these types of materials are met, and  
1.2.2 The material has not been modified in any way to alter its conformance to food contact regulations or similar requirements.  
1.3 The proportions of recycled, reconstituted, and regrind material used, as well as the nature and the amount of any contaminant, cannot be practically covered in this specification. It is the responsibility of the supplier and buyer of recycled, reconstituted, and regrind materials to ensure compliance.  
1.4 The properties included in this classification system are those required to identify the compositions covered. Other requirements necessary to identify particular characteristics important to specialized applications can be specified by using the suffixes as given in Section 5 and those in Classification System D4000.  
1.5 This classification system and specification are intended to provide a means of calling out polypropylene materials used in the fabrication of end items or parts. It is not intended for the selection of materials. Material selection can be made by those having expertise in the plastic field only after careful consideration of the design and the performance required of the part, the environment to which it will be exposed, the fabrication process to be employed, the costs involved, and the inherent properties of the material other than those covered by this specification.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 13, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: This specification is similar to both ISO 1873-1 and ISO 1873-2, but to different degrees. This specification resembles ISO 1873-1 in title only. The content is significantly different. This specification and ISO 1873-2 differ in approach or detail; data obtained using either are technically equivalent.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized ...

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ASTM
ASTM D3265-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Black-Tint Strength

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 For the broad range of commercial rubber grade carbon blacks, tint strength is highly dependent upon particle size. Tint strength can be used as an indication of particle size; however, tint strength is also dependent on structure and aggregate size distribution. Therefore, differences in tint strength within grades of carbon black may reflect differences other than particle size.
Note 1: This test method was developed primarily for the characterization of N100, N200, and N300 series carbon blacks.  
4.2 Tint strength values within the carbon black industry have been developed using a Automatic Muller apparatus which is used to prepare carbon black-zinc oxide pastes. An alternative mixing apparatus, Hauschild SpeedMixer3,4 (DAC 150 FVZ), and a corresponding procedure have been extensively studied within D24 and shown to provide equivalent tint strength for all carcass or soft blacks and most tread blacks with the exception of higher surface area N100 types and specialty blacks. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the user of this alternate apparatus to ensure their products will adequately disperse. Disputes arising between a user and producer should be resolved using the Automatic Muller apparatus until ASTM develops adequate precision statements.  
4.3 The term ITRB is used in the entire text for both, the original ITRB, used as the first reference material for tint testing, but which is now used up, and the successor reference material, ITRB2.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tint strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black (ITRB).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1510-24(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Black-Iodine Adsorption Number

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The iodine adsorption number is useful in characterizing carbon blacks. It is related to the surface area of carbon blacks and is generally in agreement with nitrogen surface area. The presence of volatiles, surface porosity, or extractables will influence the iodine adsorption number. Aging of carbon black can also influence the iodine number.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the iodine adsorption number of carbon black.  
1.1.1 Method A is the original test method for this determination and Method B is an alternate test method using automated sample processing and analysis.  
1.2 The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease with sample aging. Iodine Number reference materials have been produced that exhibit stable iodine number upon aging. One or more of these reference materials are recommended for daily monitoring (x-charts) to ensure that the results are within the control limits of the individual reference material. Use all Iodine Number reference materials from a set for standardization of iodine testing (see Section 8) when target values cannot be obtained.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3053-23a(Terminology)
Standard Terminology Relating to Carbon Black

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers a compilation of definitions of technical terms used in the carbon black and rubber industries. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
1.2 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1765-23b(Classification)
Standard Classification System for Carbon Blacks Used in Rubber Products

SCOPE
1.1 This classification system covers the classification of rubber-grade carbon blacks by the use of a four-character nomenclature system. The first character gives some indication of the influence of the carbon black on the rate of cure of a typical rubber compound containing the black. The second character gives information on the average surface area of the carbon black. The last two characters are assigned arbitrarily.  
1.2 All rubber-grade carbon blacks for which a number is currently assigned at the time of publication of this classification system are listed in Table 1 together with some of their typical properties. ASTM classification numbers (“N” or “S” designation) not listed in Table 1 have either been withdrawn or are not currently assigned. The use of inactive or unassigned N or S designations is prohibited until such a time as the designation is officially reactivated or assigned by Subcommittee D24.41  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7772-15(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables – Absorbance of Cyclohexane Extract

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This procedure serves as a screening process for carbon blacks used in the manufacturing of products that are to come into contact with food. The cyclohexane extract absorbance at 386 nm must be less than 0.10 for a 50 mm cuvette in order to fulfill various regulatory requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This method covers the determination of extinction (absorbance) of carbon black cyclohexane extract at 386 nm using a UV spectrophotometer.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1618-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Black Extractables-Transmittance of Toluene Extract

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The toluene discoloration value provides an estimate of toluene-soluble discoloring residues present on the carbon black.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the degree of toluene discoloration by carbon black extractables and is useful in controlling the reaction processes for production of carbon black. This test method may not be applicable to carbon blacks with high extractables.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ISO
ISO 14932:2023(Main)
Rubber compounding ingredients - Organic vulcanizing agents - Determination of organic peroxide content

This document specifies four methods for the determination of the content of the following groups of organic peroxides used as rubber vulcanizing agents. There are three titration methods and one gas-chromatography method. a) titration method A for group a: Peroxyketals: 1,1-Di(tert-butylperoxy)cyclohexane (DTBPC; CAS Registry Number®:3006-86-8) 1,1-Di(tert-butylperoxy)-2-methylcyclohexane (DBPMC; CAS RN 147217‑40‑1); 1,1-Di(tert-butylperoxy)-3,3,5-trimethylcylcohexane (DBPTC; CAS RN 6731‑36‑8); 2,2-Di(tert-butylperoxy)butane (DBPB; CAS RN 2167‑23‑9); Butyl −4,4-di(tert-butylperoxy)valerate (BPV; CAS RN 995‑33‑5); b) titration method B for group b: Diacyl peroxides: Dibenzoyl peroxide (CAS RN 94‑36‑0); Di(2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide (CAS RN 133‑14‑2); Di(4-methylbenzoyl) peroxide (CAS RN 895‑85‑2); c) titration method C for group c: Diaralkyl and alkyl-aralkyl peroxides: Di(tert-butylperoxyisopropyl)benzene (CAS RN 2212‑81‑9); Dicumyl peroxide (CAS RN 80‑43‑3); tert-Butyl cumyl peroxide (CAS RN 3457‑61‑2); d) gas-chromatography for dialkyl peroxides, using a capillary or packed column. 2,5-Dimethyl-2,5-di(tert-butylperoxy)hexane (CAS RN 78‑63‑7)

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ISO
ISO 11235:2023(Main)
Rubber compounding ingredients - Sulfenamide accelerators - Test methods

This document specifies the methods to be used for the evaluation of sulfenamide accelerators: - MBTS: benzothiazyl disulphide; - CBS: N-cyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide; - TBBS: N-tert-butylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide; - DIBS: N,N'-diisopropylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide; - DCBS: N,N'-dicyclohexylbenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide; - MBS: N-oxydiethylenebenzothiazole-2-sulfenamide. NOTE 1 Although MBTS is not a sulfenamide, it is the primary decomposition product of these accelerators and quantitatively determined by the method specified in 5.2. The analytical methods are applicable for most commercial sulfenamide accelerators: - sulfenamides of primary amines (type I); - sulfenamides of unhindered secondary amines (type II); - sulfenamides of hindered secondary amines (type III). NOTE 2 Classification and key properties of sulfenamide accelerators are described in Annex A. The method (5.2) to determine purity by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the preferred method.

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ASTM
ASTM D1512-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Carbon Black-pH Value

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The pH level of a carbon black is known to affect the vulcanization of some rubber compounds.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods, Test Method A-Boiling Slurry and Test Method B-Sonic Slurry, are used to indicate the pH of the carbon black surface by measuring the pH of water in contact with the carbon black.
Note 1: The pH of the carbon black is often used in this industry to indicate the relative acidity or alkalinity of carbon black and will be used in the remainder of these test methods to describe this property.
Note 2: Test Method A and Test Method B do not always give the same results.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6915-23(Practice)
Standard Practice for Carbon Black-Evaluation of Standard Reference Blacks

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is intended to ensure that SRBs are produced and evaluated by a standard procedure.  
3.2 This practice is to be used to establish the average physicochemical properties of a set of carbon blacks to be used as SRBs.  
3.3 The carbon black grades to be used as SRBs should be selected to give as much coverage of the typical usage range for each test and as nearly evenly spaced across the range as possible. Typically, the carbon black grades selected consist of three tread (hard) type furnace grades (designated A, B, and C), three carcass (soft) type furnace grades (designated D, E, and F), and one thermal type grade (designated G). Subcommittee D24.61 may elect to carry one or more of the existing SRBs into the next set provided there is enough remaining material at the rate of usage to last through the expected life of the next set. Limiting the choice of grades to be used means that not all tests will have an SRB set that is evenly spaced across the range of interest. All the SRB candidates are produced at approximately the same time by the various producers. They are used as a set once they are approved. The sets are consecutively numbered. Values and identification for the current set are given in Guide D4821. Any SRBs carried forward will be renumbered for the new set.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers guidelines for the production and testing for uniformity of a set of carbon blacks to be used as Standard Reference Blacks (SRBs).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8474-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Recovered Carbon Black (rCB)-Compositional Analysis by Thermogravimetry (TGA)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is intended for use in quality control of production, for research and development purposes in which a compositional analysis or comparisons of different materials are needed.  
5.2 This test method may not be suitable for rCB products containing either organic substances that decompose or oxidize only at temperatures of above 550°C or inorganic substances with decomposition temperatures ≤550°C.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a thermogravimetric (TGA) technique to determine the amounts of organic residue, overall carbon content, and ash content in recovered carbon black (rCB).  
1.2 This test method uses previously calibrated, manual, or computer-assisted TGA instrumentation.  
1.3 Units-The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1937-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted-Mass Strength

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Mass strength gives an indication of the flowability in bulk handling. It is affected by pellet properties such as hardness, size, shape, and especially fines content. Due to the influence of other variables, the user and the producer must determine an acceptable mass strength level.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mass strength of pelleted carbon black. It is designed to determine the force required to pack a cylindrical column of pelleted carbon black. The results of this test are believed to relate to the ability of the carbon black to flow in bulk handling systems.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4122-17(2023)(Practice)
Standard Practice for Carbon Black-Evaluation of an Industry Reference Black

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These guidelines are intended to ensure that IRBs are evaluated by a standard procedure.  
3.2 These guidelines are to be used to establish the average physicochemical and physical rubber properties of a lot of carbon black to be used as an IRB.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers guidelines for the production and testing for uniformity of a lot of carbon black to be used as an Industry Reference Black (IRB).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7849-23(Classification)
Standard Classification for Nomenclature of Reference Materials of Committee D24

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Standard reference materials are used for calibration and verification of many carbon black tests under the jurisdiction of D24. This practice defines a systematic means of naming these reference materials and does so in a manner to clearly differentiate between the various reference materials as well as their version.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers instructions for naming the reference materials used by Committee D24.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1508-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted Fines and Attrition

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Method A, Fines—The fines content of carbon black is related to the bulk flowability, dustiness, and, in some instances, the level of dispersion. Due to the many other variables that influence dispersion and handling, the significance of fines content must be determined by the user.  
4.2 Method B, Attrition—By comparing the percent fines and attrition, an indication can be obtained of pellet stability and the amount of fines that may be created by pellet degradation in conveying, handling or transit.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the fines and attrition of pelleted carbon black.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1506-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Carbon Black-Ash Content

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The ash content of a carbon black is the amount of non-carbon components present after combustion. Primary contributants to ash are the manufacturing process water and the catalyst in the feedstock.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the ash content of carbon black.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements see Sections 6 and 13.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1514-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Black-Sieve Residue

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The quantity of sieve residue of carbon black is important in some molded or extruded products as it may relate to the surface appearance of those products. The maximum residue in each application is normally determined and agreed to between the user and the producer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the water wash sieve residue in regular untreated carbon blacks. It may not be applicable to oil-treated carbon blacks because the oil would prevent proper wetting of the black by water.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1511-12(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Black-Pellet Size Distribution

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The variation in the size of the pellets may relate to the level of dispersion and to the ease of handling. Due to the many other variables that influence dispersion and handling, the significance of pellet size must be determined by the user.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pellet size distribution of carbon black.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1513-05(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Black, Pelleted-Pour Density

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Pour density is a function of the degree of compaction during pelletization. It is strongly influenced by and inversely proportional to structure (OAN). Pour density of carbon black is useful for estimating the weight-to-volume relationship for certain applications, such as automatic batch loading systems, and for estimating weights of bulk shipments.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pour density of pelleted carbon blacks.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1509-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Carbon Black-Heating Loss

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In addition to determining the heating loss (primarily moisture content) of carbon black, these drying conditions are used to prepare samples prior to performing other carbon black tests.  
4.2 When larger samples are prepared for other tests, use an open vessel of suitable dimensions so that the depth of the black is no more than 10 mm during conditioning.  
4.3 Carbon black is hygroscopic. The amount of moisture absorbed is related to the surface area of the black and to the relative humidity, ambient temperature, and time to which the material is exposed.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the heating loss of carbon black at 125°C. This heating loss consists primarily of moisture, but other volatile materials may also be lost. These test methods are not applicable to treated carbon blacks that contain added volatile materials, if moisture loss is to be measured.  
1.2 These test methods may also be used for the determination of the heating loss of recovered carbon fillers (rCF/rCB) at 125°C. However, these materials were not included in the precision studies and therefore, the precision statements contained in this standard may not be valid for these materials.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D7724-18(2023)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Black-Non-Dispersible Matter by Mechanical Flushing (NDM)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The quantity of non-dispersible matter of carbon black is important in some molded or extruded products as it may relate to the surface appearance of those products. The maximum amount of non dispersible matter and the minimum size of the particles to be analyzed in each application is normally determined and agreed to between the user and the producer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of non-dispersible matter after mechanical water flushing of regular untreated carbon blacks. It may not be applicable to oil-treated carbon blacks because the oil would prevent proper wetting of the black by water.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4527-18(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Black-Solvent Extractables

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The carbon black extract test procedure provides a uniform and precise method for the gravimetric determination of organic-solvent extractables on carbon black. Accuracy and precision are acceptable for most specification or regulatory purposes, or both. However, carbon black with very low extract (less than 0.02 %) may require a more rigorous extraction procedure. The actual chemical composition of the extract can vary significantly with the type and origin of the carbon black.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for measuring carbon black solvent extractables.  
1.1.1 This test method determines the total material extracted from carbon black by toluene under specified conditions. The procedure is also applicable to other solvents such as cyclohexane, etc.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific precautionary statement, see Section 7.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1619-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Carbon Black-Sulfur Content

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The total sulfur content of a carbon black is useful in determining whether a material meets a customer’s specifications, providing data for performing a sulfur material balance around a process for environmental monitoring and reporting, and in calculations for reconstructing a rubber composition from analytical data.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the sulfur content of carbon black. The following test methods are included:    
Sections  
Test Method A  
High-Temperature Combustion With In-
frared Absorption Detection Procedures  
6 to 13  
Test Method B  
X-Ray Fluorescence  
14 to 19  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ISO
ISO 21869:2022(Main)
Rubber compounding ingredients - Magnesium oxide - Methods of test

This document specifies the test methods to be used for magnesium oxide intended for use in the rubber industry as a stabilizer and vulcanizing agent. The choice of the properties to be determined and the values required are subject to agreement between the interested parties.

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ISO
ISO 1138:2022(Main)
Rubber compounding ingredients - Carbon black - Determination of sulfur content

This document specifies two methods for the determination of the total sulfur in all types of carbon black for use in the rubber industry: - Method A, using a combustion furnace; - Method B, using an automatic analyser. With respect to safety aspects and test precision, it is preferable to use automatic systems. Method B is therefore the preferred method. Classical chemical analysis (Method A) is acceptable if automatic equipment is not available.

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ASTM
ASTM D7771-17a(2022)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzo-α-Pyrene (BaP) Content in Carbon Black

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test procedure is used to determine the concentration of BaP extracted from carbon black by the means of a Soxhlet extraction apparatus with toluene.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the qualitative and quantitative determination of only benzo-α-pyrene (BaP), a specific polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH), on carbon black. The procedure involves Soxhlet extraction with toluene and analysis by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC/MS). This method is not intended to test for U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA 21 CFR 178.3297) compliance of carbon blacks used for indirect food contact applications.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3849-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Black-Morphological Characterization of Carbon Black Using Electron Microscopy

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Carbon black morphology significantly affects the transient and end-use properties of carbon black loaded polymer systems. A carbon black’s particle size distribution is its single most important property, and it relates to degree of blackness, rubber reinforcement, and ability to impart UV protection. For a given loading of carbon black, blackness, reinforcement, and UV protection increase with smaller particle size. Aggregate size and shape (structure) also affect a carbon black's end-use performance, as higher carbon black structure increases viscosity and improves dispersion. The stiffness (modulus) of elastomer systems becomes significantly higher with increasing structure. The preferred method for measuring carbon black morphology (for example, size and shape) is transmission electron microscopy (TEM), but due to the semi-quantitative nature of TEM, it is not suited for mean particle size (MPS) certification. While useful morphological information can be obtained from TEM measurements within a laboratory, due to their inherent between-laboratory variability, TEM generated values should not be used for specification purposes.  
4.2 Certification of carbon blacks for UV protection (weatherability) in certain plastics applications has historically been performed using TEM generated mean particle size values. ASTM Committee D24 has demonstrated that due to challenges with obtaining quantitative primary particle size data, particularly between laboratories, a qualification test based on surface area has been implemented, as detailed in Test Method B.  
4.3 Carbon black aggregate dimensional and shape properties are dependent upon the nature of the system in which the sample is dispersed, as well as the mixing procedure.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers (1) the morphological (for example, size and shape) characterization of carbon black from transmission electron microscope images which are used to derive the mean particle and aggregate size of carbon black in the dry (as manufactured) state, from CAB chip dispersion or removed from a rubber compound and (2) the certification of mean particle size using a correlation based on statistical thickness surface area measurements.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ISO
ISO 5794-1:2022(Main)
Rubber compounding ingredients - Silica, precipitated, hydrated - Part 1: Non-rubber tests

This document specifies methods of test for characterizing precipitated hydrated silica for use as a rubber compounding ingredient. This document specifies the test formulation, mixing equipment, mixing procedure and methods of test for use in determining the physical properties of styrene-butadiene rubber compounded with precipitated hydrated silica.

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ASTM
ASTM D8466-22(Guide)
Standard Guide for Recovered Carbon Black-Carbon Black Test Methods for Testing rCB

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Committee D36 has concluded that typical carbon black characterization methods based on structure level and surface area measurements do not seem to correlate to in-rubber performance in an equal manner for Recovered Carbon Black products. Therefore, the committee does not recommend such test methods for predicting the applications performance of recovered carbon black products. The committee is open to new research that can contradict above statement.  
3.2 Committee D36 approved to recognize the standards in 2.1 as acceptable for use in the rCB industry until rCB statistical data is available that may suggest otherwise.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide includes a list of standards under jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D24 on Carbon Black; however, they can be applied for use in the rCB industry.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.3 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D5230-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Black-Automated Individual Pellet Hardness

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Individual pellet hardness is related to several carbon black characteristics. Among these are mass strength and attrition. The subsequent level of dispersion obtained in some mixed compounds containing the carbon black may be affected by pellet hardness. Acceptable pellet hardness must be agreed to by the user and the producer.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for measuring individual pellet hardness of carbon black by the automated pellet hardness tester.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D2116-16(2021)(Specification)
Standard Specification for FEP Resin Molding and Extrusion Materials

ABSTRACT
This specification covers melt-processible molding and extrusion materials of FEP-fluorocarbon resin, which is a copolymer of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene or a modified FEP-fluorocarbon resin containing not more than 2% by weight of other fluoromonomers. Four types of FEP-fluorocarbon resin are included in this specification which shall be supplied in pellet form and shall be of uniform composition and free of foreign matters. Tests shall be conducted on the molded test specimens wherein the average test result of the lot shall conform to the melt flow rate, specific gravity, melting point, tensile strength, elongation, dielectric constant, and dissipation factor requirements.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers melt processable molding and extrusion materials of FEP resin. This specification does not cover recycled FEP materials. These FEP resins are copolymers of tetrafluoroethylene and hexafluoropropylene or modified FEP resins containing no more than 2 % by weight of other fluoromonomers.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units as detailed in IEEE/ASTM SI-10 are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
Note 1: Although this specification and ISO 12086-1 and ISO 12086-2 differ in approach or detail, data obtained using either are technically equivalent.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3493-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Carbon Black-Oil Absorption Number of Compressed Sample (COAN)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The oil absorption number of a carbon black is related to the processing and vulcanizate properties of rubber compounds containing the carbon black.  
4.2 The difference between the regular oil absorption number and the oil absorption number of compressed sample is some measure of the stability of the structure of the carbon black.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the mechanical compression of a carbon black sample and the determination of the oil absorption number of the compressed sample.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4583-21(Practice)
Standard Practice for Carbon Black-Calculation of Process Indexes From an Analysis of Process Control Data

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice will provide the following: (1) a statistical summary of individual production run data plotted on a control chart; (2) a statistical summary of data from multiple production runs; (3) a procedure to relate the average and variation of these data groups to specification limits, and (4) indexes for comparing different manufacturing units for projecting future capabilities or as historical reference.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers (1) a statistical procedure for analyzing the test data generated in the statistical process control of a carbon black manufacturing process; (2) a format for reporting process capability determined from the analysis of control chart data of an individual production run, and (3) a format for reporting process performance determined from the analysis of control chart data of an individual production run.  
1.2 This practice specifically applies to the analysis of pelleted carbon black samples taken during the manufacturing process prior to storage. This practice does not apply to shipment samples taken from hopper cars or other containers or packages.  
1.3 This practice is specifically designed to be used for those test methods given in Classification D1765 which specify target values. However, these techniques are applicable to other test methods on carbon black.  
1.4 This practice describes the calculation for two methods of determining capability factors from an analysis of process control data.  
1.4.1 Process capability (Cp) is a measurement of variation calculated from the process control chart data with the use of an estimated standard deviation (^σ) from the mean value of the moving range (R) chart. The calculation of the process capability (Cp and  Cpk) indexes can be used as historical information or to predict future performance of the process, but are only valid when the process is in a state of statistical control.  
1.4.2 Process performance (Pp) is a measurement of variation calculated from the process control chart data using sample standard deviation(s). The calculation of the process performance (Pp and Ppk) indexes are used for a historical reference of a process' performance and does not require a state of statistical control.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D8371-20(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Trace Metal Content Analysis in Carbon Black

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test covers the quantitation of trace metals in carbon black. The quantitation of heavy metals may help to estimate their contribution to a final finished article. Metal components may impact application properties of final products or may be a regulatory issue. It is the responsibility of the user of the material to consider the impact of the elements when designing a final product.  
5.2 Elements which cannot be digested with nitric acid, such as silicon, cannot be quantified by this test method. This standard describes two digestion methods; microwave acid digestion and furnace ashing. The furnace ashing method may not be appropriate for certain more volatile elements which can be lost during incineration.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of metal content in carbon black with ICP-OES or ICP-MS after adequate digestion. See 3.1.5 – 3.1.7 for definitions.  
1.2 The concentration ranges covered by these test methods are determined by the sensitivity of the instruments, the amount of sample taken for analysis and the dilution volume.  
1.3 Detection limits, sensitivity and optimum ranges of the metals will vary with the matrices and model of spectrometer.  
1.4 Elements present at concentrations above the linear response range of the calibration curve can be determined with additional appropriate dilutions.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4821-20(Guide)
Standard Guide for Carbon Black-Validation of Test Method Precision and Bias

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This guide provides insight into the environmental conditions required for operation of laboratories or to aid in the design of new laboratories that perform carbon black testing activities using those test methods that are under D24’s jurisdiction. This guide does not supersede any specific requirements a laboratory may choose to establish.  
4.2 This guide recommends the use of statistical x-charts to graphically monitor test data determined for the ASTM reference blacks for those test methods given in Section 2. All laboratories are encouraged to utilize statistical x-charts and ASTM reference blacks because this enables a comparison of testing precision within and between laboratories. The guide describes practices for the use of repeatability and reproducibility limits and x-charts.  
4.3 In addition to the calibration of a test method by physicochemical means, a statistical method for achieving calibration of a test method is presented (that is, normalization).  
4.4 Poor test precision can be the result of poor repeatability or poor reproducibility or both. Causes may include inadequate operator training, improperly maintained equipment or laboratory environment, variation in sample preparation or analysis techniques, the lack of calibration or standardization of instrumentation, worn-out apparatus, reagents that do not meet specifications, different sources of instrumentation or equipment, and material heterogeneity. The sum of all sources of testing error is unique for an individual laboratory.  
4.5 Precision data for ASTM Reference Blacks are found in Tables 1-3. These include standard reference blacks (SRB’s) Series 8, HT and INR Iodine Standards. The HT or INR Iodine standards are recommended for monitoring iodine testing. (A) The iodine adsorption number of carbon black has been shown to decrease in value as the carbon black ages. Generally, the higher the surface area the faster the rate of change. Therefore, the target or mean values given in...
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers procedures for using the ASTM Standard Reference Blacks2 (SRBs) and the HT and INR Iodine Number Standards to continuously monitor the precision of those carbon black test methods for which reference values have been established. It also offers guidelines for troubleshooting various test methods.  
1.2 This guide defines the environmental conditions that are required for laboratories that perform carbon black testing activities for those test methods under D24’s jurisdiction.  
1.3 This guide establishes procedures for the use of x-charts to continuously monitor those tests listed in Section 2 for within-lab precision (repeatability) and between-lab accuracy (reproducibility).  
1.4 This guide provides a statistical procedure for improving test reproducibility when a laboratory cannot physically calibrate its apparatus to obtain the reference values of the ASTM reference blacks, within the ranges given in this guide.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1900-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Carbon Black-Sampling Bulk Shipments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Sampling of bulk shipments of carbon blacks is of utmost importance since the location and number of samples taken by different laboratories can have a significant effect on the agreement of test values obtained. This practice is for use in obtaining representative samples of carbon black in each compartment or in the entire hopper car or hopper truck. These samples may be used to ascertain the average quality or the uniformity of a shipment, or both.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers procedures for the sampling and data reporting of bulk shipments of carbon black in three-compartment hopper rail cars and compartmented bulk hopper trailers.  
Note 1: The tests to be made on the samples obtained by this practice, how many samples are taken, where they are taken, and what statistical values (if any) to report shall be determined by agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. This practice gives guidance for use in developing such agreements or for use when no formal agreement exists. The specific details of each procedure are described in appropriate ASTM test methods used for testing carbon black.
Note 2: Some purchasers or manufacturers may consider Flexible Intermediate Bulk Containers (FIBC) to be a bulk shipment. See Practice D1799 for guidance on sampling and reporting for this package.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D1799-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Carbon Black-Sampling Packaged Shipments

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This practice is for use in obtaining representative samples of carbon black from the packages in the shipment. These samples are used to determine the average quality or variability of the shipment.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the sampling of packaged carbon blacks for shipment in bags, cartons, flexible intermediate bulk containers (FIBC), or other non-bulk packages.  
Note 1: The tests to be made on the samples obtained by this practice shall be determined by the producer and the consumer. The specific details of each test method are described in appropriate ASTM methods used for testing carbon black.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ISO
ISO 4652:2020(Main)
Rubber compounding ingredients - Carbon black - Determination of specific surface area by nitrogen adsorption methods - Single-point procedures

This document specifies two methods for the determination of the specific surface area of types and grades of carbon black for use in the rubber industry: - method A: automatic gas chromatography method (carrier gas method); - method B: automatic volumetric method. Somewhat different results might be obtained from the two methods. The degassing procedure differs between method A and method B, and it is important to investigate the possibility of correcting the results by using standard reference blacks. The results might also differ from those obtained using the multipoint method specified in ISO 18852, which is the preferred method. These methods are not applicable to porous carbon blacks.

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ASTM
ASTM D3191-10(2020)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Carbon Black in SBR (Styrene-Butadiene Rubber)—Recipe and Evaluation Procedures

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The major portion of carbon black consumed by the rubber industry is used to improve the physical properties, life expectancy, and utility of rubber products. These test methods provide an SBR recipe and directions for evaluating all types of carbon black intended for use in rubber products. Other procedures are available elsewhere in the ASTM standards for the evaluation of carbon black itself.  
3.2 These test methods may be used to characterize carbon black in terms of specific properties of the standard compound. These test methods are useful for the quality assurance of carbon black production. They may also be used for the preparation of reference compounds, to confirm the day-to-day reliability of testing operations used in the rubber industry, for the evaluation of experimental compounds, and quality control of production compounds.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the standard materials, test formula, mixing procedure, and test methods for the evaluation and production control of carbon blacks in styrene butadiene rubber (SBR).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ISO
ISO 20927:2019(Main)
Rubber compounding ingredients - Precipitated silica - Determination of aggregate size distribution by disc centrifuge

This document specifies a general method for determining the aggregate size distribution (ASD) of silica by using a disc centrifuge according to the principle of sedimentation. As pre-stage the silica is de-agglomerated in water using strong ultrasonic power treatment. The method is used for precipitated silica.

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ASTM
ASTM D2663-14(2019)e1(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Carbon Black-Dispersion in Rubber

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Visual dispersion ratings correlate with certain important physical properties of the compound. A rating of 5 indicates a state of dispersion developing near maximum properties, while a rating of 1 would indicate a state of dispersion developing considerably depressed properties. Normally, the visual dispersion ratings indicate the following levels of compound quality:    
Visual Dispersion Rating  
Classification  
4 to 5  
High  
3 to 4  
Intermediate  
2 to 3  
Low  
1 to 2  
Very low
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the degree of dispersion of carbon black in rubber. Four test methods are described as follows:    
Sections  
Test Method A-Visual Inspection  
3 – 11  
Test Method B-Agglomerate Count  
12 – 22  
Test Method C-Microroughness Measurement  
with Profilometer  
23 – 33  
Test Method D-Microroughness Measurement with IFM  
34 – 42  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3192-09(2019)(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Carbon Black Evaluation in NR (Natural Rubber)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The major portion of carbon black consumed by the rubber industry is used to improve the physical properties, life expectancy, and utility of rubber products. These test methods provide a natural rubber formulation and directions for evaluating carbon black intended for use in rubber products.  
3.2 These test methods may be used to characterize carbon black in terms of specific properties of the standard compound. These test methods are useful for the quality assurance of carbon black production. They may also be used for the preparation of reference compounds, to confirm the day-to-day reliability of testing operations used in the rubber industry, for the evaluation of experimental compounds, and quality control of production compounds.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the standard materials, test formulation, mixing procedure, and test methods for the evaluation and production control of carbon blacks in natural rubber (NR).  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D6953-18(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Antioxidants and Erucamide Slip Additives in Polyethylene Using Liquid Chromatography (LC)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Separation and identification of stabilizers used in the manufacture of polyethylene resins are necessary in order to correlate performance properties with polymer composition. This test method provides a means to determine the polymer additives listed in Table 1 in polyethylene samples. This test method is capable of the determination of other antioxidants, but the stability of these during extraction has not been investigated.  
5.2 The additive extraction procedure is made effective by the relatively low solubility of the polymer sample in solvents generally used for liquid chromatographic analysis. In this method, isopropanol and cyclohexane were chosen because of their excellent extraction efficiencies as well as for safety reasons. Other solvents including ethylacetate, isobutanol, chloroform and methylene chloride can also be used.  
5.3 Methods other than refluxing that have been used to remove additives from the polymer matrix including pressurized liquid, microwave, ultrasonic, and supercritical fluid extractions. For the separation of the extracted additives, SFC and GC have been used successfully for several of the additives.  
5.4 Under optimum conditions, the lowest level of detection for an antioxidant is approximately 2 ppm.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a liquid-chromatographic procedure for the separation of primary and secondary antioxidant and slip additives currently used in polyethylene plastics. These additives are extracted with either isopropanol (resin densities 3) or cyclohexane (resin densities > 0.94 g/cm3) prior to liquid-chromatographic separation. The ultraviolet absorbance of the eluting compound(s) is measured and quantitation is performed using external calibration.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary statements are given in Section 9.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ISO
ISO 8332:2018(Main)
Rubber compounding ingredients - Sulfur - Methods of test

This document specifies methods of test for determining the main physical and chemical properties of sulfur used for compounding dry rubber. Several of these properties can be determined by more than one test method and the user can choose the most appropriate method following the description of the test method principles provided under the corresponding clauses. NOTE Typical levels for the relevant properties of sulfur for use as a rubber compounding ingredient are contained in Annex A, for information only.

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ISO
ISO 3858:2018(Main)
Rubber compounding ingredients - Carbon black - Determination of light transmittance of toluene extract

This document specifies a method for the determination of the light transmittance of the toluene extract from carbon black for use in the rubber industry, as a means of measuring the discolouration caused by the extractable matter. The light transmittance value provides an estimate of the degree of discolouration caused by the toluene-extractable matter present on the surface of the carbon black. This method might not be applicable to carbon blacks with a high extractable-matter content.

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ISO
ISO 28641:2018(Main)
Rubber compounding ingredients - Organic chemicals - General test methods

This document specifies sampling and test methods for the determination of the general characteristics of organic chemicals such as accelerators, antidegradants (including wax) and vulcanizing agents (excluding peroxides).

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ISO
ISO 5435:2017(Main)
Rubber compounding ingredients - Carbon black - Determination of tinting strength

ISO 5435:2017 specifies a method for the determination of the tinting strength of carbon black relative to an industry tint reference black. The method is based on the use of five different commercial instruments. Other instruments can be used if the test results for the standard reference blacks are within the control limits given in ASTM D4821. NOTE The Densichron reflectometer and the Meeco Colormaster are no longer commercially available, but the procedures have been included for the benefit of those who still use these instruments.

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ISO
ISO 11236:2017(Main)
Rubber compounding ingredients - p-Phenylenediamine antidegradants (PPDs) - Test methods

ISO 11236:2017 applies to a variety of substituted p-phenylenediamine antidegradants (PPDs) used in the rubber industry. The three general classes of PPDs are dialkyl, alkyl-aryl and diaryl, which are used to impart ozone resistance to rubber. The following test methods are of greatest significance in assessing the purity of production PPDs, and hence their suitability for use in rubber. They are specified in this document as follows: - determination of purity by gas chromatography (GC); - determination of purity by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC); - determination of ash; - determination of volatile matter.

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