ISO/TC 45 - Rubber and rubber products

This document establishes a vocabulary of, and is limited to, terms in general use throughout the rubber industry. It does not define terms intended for particular rubber products. NOTE 1 Refer to the Bibliography for a list of example vocabulary standards intended for particular rubber products. It does not define terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources, such as general dictionaries. NOTE 2 The terms are listed in the alphabetical order of the English terms, with an index to the corresponding English terms attached.

This document provides an introduction to the determination of vulcanization characteristics of rubber compounds by means of curemeters. It describes the basic principles and general requirements for curemeters.

This document specifies a method for determining selected vulcanization characteristics of a rubber compound by means of an oscillating disc curemeter.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the compression stress/strain characteristics of low-density flexible cellular materials up to 250 kg/m3. It also specifies a method for the calculation of the compression stress value of such materials.

This document specifies laboratory procedures which are intended to imitate the effects of naturally occurring reactions such as oxidation or hydrolysis by humidity for flexible and rigid cellular polymeric materials.

This document specifies requirements for ten classes, four grades and seven types of wire- or textile-reinforced hydraulic hoses and hose assemblies, of nominal sizes ranging from 5 to 102. Each class has a single maximum working pressure for all sizes. They are suitable for use with: — oil-based hydraulic fluids HH, HL, HM, HR and HV, as defined in ISO 6743-4, at temperatures ranging from −40 °C to +100 °C for types AS, AC, BS and BC hoses and from −40 °C to +120 °C for types CS, CC and DC hoses; — water-based fluids HFC, HFAE, HFAS and HFB, as defined in ISO 6743-4, at temperatures ranging from −40 °C to +70 °C; — water at temperatures ranging from 0 °C to +70 °C. This document does not specify requirements for the connection ends. It is limited to the performance of hoses and hose assemblies. The hose assembly maximum working pressure is governed by the lowest maximum working pressure of the components. NOTE It is the responsibility of the user, in consultation with the hose manufacturer, to establish the compatibility of the hose with the fluid to be used.

This document specifies measuring methods for the determination of biobased carbon contents in rubber and rubber products, including polyurethanes. The methods focus on carbon atoms in rubber or rubber products, and determine whether the carbon-containing component is biobased or not, judging from the concentration of 14C, radiocarbon isotope. This document applies to rubber and rubber products such as raw materials, materials and final products.

This document specifies two test methods for the determination of water content of raw rubber and compounded rubber using a coulometric Karl Fischer titration method: — method A uses an evaporator of heating tube type oven; — method B uses an evaporator of vial type oven. It applies to the water content range between 0,01 % and 1 %. In case of dispute, method B is the preferred method.

This document specifies a method for the rapid determination of the plasticity of raw rubber and unvulcanized compounded rubber. It is applicable to the determination of the plasticity retention index (PRI) as specified in ISO 2930.

This document specifies two test methods for the determination of water absorption resistance of rubber– or plastics-coated fabrics: — Method A: Using red ink, which is applied to coated fabric where water absorption phenomenon can be visually observed; — Method B: Using a water detection test paper.

This document specifies requirements for five types of compact, wire-braid-reinforced hoses and hose assemblies of nominal size from 5 to 76. They are suitable for use with: — oil-based hydraulic fluids HH, HL, HM, HR and HV as defined in ISO 6743-4 at temperatures ranging from −40 °C to +100 °C; — water-based fluids HFC, HFAE, HFAS and HFB as defined in ISO 6743-4 at temperatures ranging from 0 °C to +70 °C; — water at temperatures ranging from 0 °C to +70 °C. This document does not include requirements for end fittings. It is limited to requirements for hoses and hose assemblies. The hose assembly maximum working pressure is governed by the lowest maximum working pressure of the components. NOTE It is the responsibility of the user, in consultation with the hose manufacturer, to establish the compatibility of the hose with the fluid to be used.

This document establishes a system of symbols for the basic rubbers in both dry and latex forms, based on the chemical composition of the polymer chain. The purpose of this document is to standardize the abbreviated terms used in industry, commerce and government.

This document specifies: — the physical and chemical tests on raw rubbers; — the standard materials, the standard test formulations, the equipment and the processing methods to evaluate the vulcanization characteristics for general-purpose chloroprene rubbers (CRs).

This document specifies the material and physical property requirements for non-strippable, low-density polyethylene (LDPE) film for the wrapping of: — natural rubber bales comprised of block natural rubber of 33,3 kg or 35 kg; — natural rubber ribbed smoked sheets, including bales of 33,3 kg, 35 kg, 50 kg and 111,11 kg; — modified natural rubber (e.g. epoxidized natural rubber, low-protein natural rubber) bales of 33,3 kg or 35 kg; — any other bale masses as mutually agreed between the parties, and intended to keep the bales separate during transportation and storage.

This document specifies the test methods for determination of a) the properties of the rubber material used to manufacture the elastomeric isolators, and b) the characteristics of elastomeric isolators. It is applicable to elastomeric isolators used to provide buildings or bridges with protection from earthquake damage. The elastomeric isolators covered consist of alternate elastomeric layers and reinforcing steel plates which are placed between a superstructure and its substructure to provide both flexibility for decoupling structural systems from ground motion, and damping capability to reduce displacement at the isolation interface and the transmission of energy from the ground into the structure at the isolation frequency.

This document specifies minimum requirements and test methods for elastomeric seismic elastomeric isolators used for buildings and the rubber material used in the manufacture of such elastomeric isolators. It is applicable to elastomeric seismic elastomeric isolators used to provide buildings with protection from earthquake damage. The elastomeric isolators covered consist of alternate elastomeric layers and reinforcing steel plates. They are placed between a superstructure and its substructure to provide both flexibility for decoupling structural systems from ground motion, and damping capability to reduce deflection at the isolation interface and the transmission of energy from the ground into the structure at the isolation frequency.

This document specifies minimum requirements and test methods for elastomeric seismic isolators used for bridges, as well as rubber material used in the manufacture of such isolators. It is applicable to elastomeric seismic isolators used to provide bridges with protection from earthquake damage. The isolators covered consist of alternate elastomeric layers and reinforcing steel plates, which are placed between a superstructure and its substructure to provide both flexibility for decoupling structural systems from ground motion and damping capability to reduce displacement at the isolation interface and the transmission of energy from the ground into the structure at the isolation frequency.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the abrasion resistance of the outer cover of rubber and plastics hoses. This test method is suitable for hoses with inside diameters from 10 mm to 38 mm. This method is not intended for predicting product abrasion life but is suitable for the comparison of like-cover material products.

This document specifies a method of determining the coating adhesion strength of coated fabrics.

This document specifies the minimum requirements and test methods for rubber latex coated fabric gloves. This document is applicable for general use fabric gloves which are coated with natural rubber latex and fabric gloves which are coated with acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber latex. Personal protective equipment (PPE) is not included in this document.

This document specifies the material requirements for preformed, solid vulcanized rubber structural gaskets in sealing and supporting applications for buildings. NOTE Specifications for non-supporting gaskets are given in ISO 3934.

This document specifies procedures for the quantitative determination of the microstructure of the butadiene portion and the content of styrene in solution-polymerized SBR (S-SBR) by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) with attenuated total reflection (ATR) method. The styrene content is expressed in mass fraction relative to the S-SBR. The contents of three microstructure types, i.e. vinyl, trans and cis, are expressed in mol fraction relative to the butadiene portion in the S-SBR. This method is only applicable to raw rubbers. NOTE 1 Precision as shown in Annex A is not always possible to obtain for S-SBRs containing polystyrene block or styrene content more than 45 %. NOTE 2 Only “vinyl”, “trans” and “cis”, are used in this document. However, the expression of vinyl, trans and cis mean as follows in general: — vinyl: vinyl unit, vinyl bond, 1,2-unit, 1,2-bond, 1,2-vinyl-unit or 1,2-vinyl-bond; — trans: 1,4-trans unit, 1,4-trans bond, trans-1,4 unit or trans1,4 bond; — cis: 1,4-cis unit, 1,4-cis bond, cis-1,4 unit or cis-1,4 bond.

This document specifies requirements for coated fabrics for upholstered furniture for interior use, obtained by applying to one side of a weft-knitted base cloth a substantially continuous coating of a suitably plasticized polymer of vinyl chloride, or a copolymer the major constituent of which is vinyl chloride. Such coatings are known as poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) coatings. This document covers fabrics coated with solid PVC. It also covers two grades with coatings consisting of a layer of expanded PVC.

This document specifies two methods for the determination of the resistance of rubber to abrasion by means of a rotating cylindrical drum device. The methods involve determination of the volume loss due to the abrasive action of rubbing a test piece over a specified grade of abrasive sheet. Method A is for a non-rotating test piece and method B is for a rotating test piece. For each method, the result can be reported as a relative volume loss or an abrasion resistance index. These test methods are suitable for comparative testing, quality control, specification compliance testing, referee purposes and research and development work. No close relation between the results of this abrasion test and service performance can be inferred. NOTE The abrasion loss is often more uniform using the rotating test piece because the whole surface of the test piece is in contact with the abrasive sheet over the duration of the test. However, there is considerable experience using the non-rotating test piece.

This document specifies a method for the generation of tyre and road wear particles (TRWP) in a road simulator laboratory that is representative of actual driving conditions. Guidance is provided for the road simulator system, test pavement and tyres, vacuum collection system, monitoring and reporting. This method is applicable for the collection of TRWP from a known pavement and tyre type under realistic driving conditions without the inference of road surface contaminants (e.g. brake dust, exhaust, grease). There is a possibility that this method is not relevant for studded tyres.

This document specifies the requirements for four types of hose and hose assemblies for use in airless paint spraying. The four types are differentiated by burst pressure and operating temperature, and can be constructed from rubber or plastic materials, or a combination of rubber and plastic material.

This document explains the relationship of the ISO 22762 series to the design and testing of seismic isolation systems, including the relationship to national seismic codes.

This document specifies a method to determine the plasticity retention index (PRI) of raw natural rubber. The PRI is a measure of the resistance of raw natural rubber to thermal oxidation. A high resistance to thermal oxidation is shown as a high value of the index. PRI is not an absolute value and cannot give an absolute classification of plasticity number of different natural rubber after oxidation.

This document specifies a method to identify the presence of phytosterol including β-sitosterol in natural rubber in raw and vulcanised forms.

This document specifies the procedures intended for use in estimating the resistance of vulcanized or thermoplastic rubbers to cracking when exposed, under static or dynamic tensile strain, to air containing a definite concentration of ozone, at a definite temperature and, if required, at a definite relative humidity in circumstances that exclude the effects of direct light. Either visual observation or image analysis, or both, are used to evaluate the formation and growth of cracks. The changes in physical or chemical properties resulting from exposure can also be determined. Reference and alternative methods for determining the ozone concentration are described in ISO 1431-3.

This document provides guidelines and specifies requirements for estimating the precision of rubber test methods by means of interlaboratory test programmes based on the procedures given in: — Method A using ISO 5725-1, ISO 5725-2 and ISO 5725-3; — Method B using ASTM D4483.

This document specifies three methods to determine the permeability to gas by measuring the volume of gas diffusing through a rubber or plastics hose or length of tubing used for gas applications in a specified time. — Method 1 is for determining the permeability of the complete hose wall or length of tubing wall, excluding end fittings, to the test gas. — Method 2 is for determining the permeability at the hose and fitting interface to the test gas. — Method 3 is for precisely determining the permeability of the complete hose or length of tubing, including end fittings.

This document specifies a pyrolytic gas-chromatographic method for the determination of the styrene/butadiene/isoprene ratio in copolymers, or blends of homopolymers and/or copolymers, in raw rubbers or in unvulcanized or vulcanized compounds. It is applicable to copolymers/terpolymers consisting of styrene, butadiene and isoprene, and blends of these polymers. NOTE 1 The use of this document pre-supposes sufficient working knowledge of the principles and techniques of gas chromatography for the analyst to perform the operations described and interpret the results correctly. NOTE 2 The styrene/butadiene/isoprene ratio determined by this test method is affected by the presence of resin and by a high level of sulfur.

This document specifies requirements for hoses and hose assemblies made of rubber and hose fittings made of metal, which are designed to convey saturated steam and hot water condensate. This document applies to the following two types of hoses and hose assemblies: — low pressure, with a maximum working pressure of 0,6 MPa (6 bar); — high pressure, with a maximum working pressure of 1,8 MPa (18 bar). Each type is divided into two classes, having either an oil resistant or non-oil resistant cover.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the tensile stress-strain properties of vulcanized and thermoplastic rubbers. The properties which can be determined are tensile strength, elongation at break, stress at a given elongation, elongation at a given stress, stress at yield and elongation at yield. The measurement of stress and strain at yield applies only to some thermoplastic rubbers and certain other compounds.

This document gives specifications for natural rubber latex concentrate types which are preserved wholly or in part with ammonia and which have been produced by centrifuging or creaming.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for rubber hoses and hose assemblies for use in oil burners. The following two types of hose assembly are specified: — Type 1: Hose assemblies for flux and reflux, but not for insertion between the oil burner pump and the atomizing connection; maximum working pressure 1,0 MPa (10 bar); maximum oil temperature 100 °C; — Type 2: Hose assemblies for insertion between the oil burner pump and the atomizing connection; maximum working pressure 4,0 MPa (40 bar); maximum oil temperature 100 °C. The hose assemblies specified in this document are not intended to be used, without special assessment, for purposes other than oil burner installations.

This document specifies the requirements for three types, three classes and two categories of textile-reinforced rubber hose for compressed air, up to a maximum working pressure of 2,5 MPa (25 bar) with an operating-temperature range of −40 °C to +70 °C, depending on the type and category.

This document classifies flexible cellular rubber products known as sponge and expanded rubber. The base material used in their manufacture may be natural rubber, reclaimed rubber, synthetic rubber or rubber-like material, either alone or in combination. Thermoplastic rubbers are not included. This document does not apply to latex foam rubbers or shoe soling. This document covers vulcanized cellular rubber products that are manufactured by a moulding or continuous vulcanization process, i.e. hot air, microwave, infra-red, liquid curing medium (LCM), shearing-head vulcanization or a combination of two or more of these methods. Sheeting materials are covered by ISO 6916-1. In the case of conflict between the provisions of this document and those of the detailed specification or test method for a particular product, the latter takes precedence. Reference to the methods specifically states the desired test or tests.

This document establishes unambiguous abbreviated terms for commonly used rubber compounding ingredients of known, specific chemical composition.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the static vulcanized adhesion strength of rubber compounds to rigid materials. The test piece is composed of two conical ends of the rigid material, joined by a cylinder of rubber. The adhesion is obtained by a bonding system which can include not only the rigid material and the rubber compound, but other elements such as thin alloy coatings or chemical treatments of rigid parts and either a single cement or both primer and cover cements. The bonding system for preparing the test pieces should be adequately specified by the user, but a provision is made in this document for the evaluation of different types of failure related to a complex bonding system. The method is designed primarily for test pieces prepared in the laboratory under standard conditions in order to provide data for development and control of bonding systems and their components, such as cements or special rubber compounds, and of methods of manufacture. While intended to be applied where the rubber is bonded to rigid supporting pieces, it can be inapplicable such cases where the support, although of high-modulus material, has a low rigidity due to small transverse dimensions, as in the case of rubber bonded to metal wires, cords or thin sheets.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for textile-reinforced, smooth-bore rubber water-suction and discharge hoses and hose assemblies. Three types of hoses and hose assemblies are specified according to their operating duty requirements, i.e. their ambient and water temperature ranges: — ambient temperatures: −25 °C to +70 °C; — water temperatures during operation: 0 °C to +70 °C.

This document specifies the requirements for general-purpose textile-reinforced thermoplastics water-discharge hoses.

This document specifies the minimum requirements for rubber hoses used for transferring ammonia, in liquid or in gaseous form, at ambient temperatures from −40 °C up to and including +55 °C at a working pressure of 2,5 MPa (25 bar). It does not include specifications for end fittings and is limited to the performance of the hoses and hose assemblies.

This document specifies two methods for determining the adhesion strength of vulcanized rubber to wire cord which is embedded in the rubber. The two methods do not necessarily give the same results. They are applicable primarily to test pieces prepared in the laboratory under standard conditions and used for the development and control of materials and processes utilized in the manufacture of products reinforced with wire cord. NOTE The methods can also be used for single wire, for example bead wire. Method 1 reduces the dependence of the measured adhesion on the modulus and strength properties of the rubber.

This document specifies the minimum requirements and the test methods for meteorological balloons made from natural rubber latex or natural rubber latex compounded with synthetic rubber emulsion. This document applies to two types of balloons: — Type 1: meteorological balloon by dipping process; — Type 2: meteorological balloon by moulding process.

This document describes methods of evaluating the resistance of vulcanized and thermoplastic rubbers to the action of liquids by measurement of properties of the rubbers before and after immersion in test liquids. The liquids concerned include current service liquids, such as petroleum derivatives, organic solvents and chemical reagents, as well as reference test liquids.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the dry rubber content of natural rubber field latex. The method is not suitable for latices from natural sources other than Hevea brasiliensis, or for compounded latex, vulcanized latex or artificial dispersions of rubber.

This document specifies two procedures for determining the decrease in counterforce exerted by a test piece of vulcanized or thermoplastic rubber which has been compressed to a constant deformation and maintained thus at a predetermined test temperature. The counterforce can be determined either by means of a continuous-measurement system or by a discontinuous-measurement one. Two test methods are specified, method A and method B. In method A the compression and all measurements of counterforce are made at test temperature and in method B the compression and all measurements of counterforce are made at standard laboratory temperature. Method A and method B do not give the same results, as in method B the shrinkage of the material from the test temperature to standard laboratory temperature is included in the result. Two forms of test piece are specified in this document: cylindrical test pieces and rings. Comparison of results is valid only when made on test pieces of similar size and shape. The use of ring test pieces is particularly suitable for the determination of stress relaxation in liquid environments. This document deals only with testing at constant ambient or elevated temperature. Testing at temperatures below standard laboratory temperature is not specified. The methods have been used for low‑temperature testing, but their reliability under these conditions is not proven.

This document specifies a thermogravimetric method for the determination of the main constituents of rubber compounds such as elastomer(s), carbon black and mineral filler. It establishes the “fingerprint” of the tested material. However, the result does not always correspond exactly to the theoretical formula of the rubber. This method applies to raw or compounded rubbers, vulcanized and unvulcanised, with or without extraction. This method applies to rubbers with hydrocarbon backbones (NR, BR, SBR, IIR, EPDM, ACM, AEM, etc.) used alone or as mixtures. For the mixtures, the polymer content corresponds to the total rubber and it is not usually possible to identify individual polymers. This method applies to rubbers with halogenated hydrocarbon backbones (CR, CSM, FKM, CM, CO, ECO, etc.) or containing nitrogen (NBR, HNBR, NBR/PVC, etc.), as well as to their mixtures. However, these rubbers often form carbonaceous residues which interfere with the analysis. Application of an appropriate procedure minimizes these interferences. This method also applies to rubbers with a polysiloxane backbone (VMQ, etc.) and to rubbers not listed above.