ISO/TC 118 - Compressors and pneumatic tools, machines and equipment

This document specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held power-driven angle and vertical grinders. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a machine fitted with a specified test wheel and run under no‑load conditions. The method has been established for surface grinding tasks only. Cutting and sanding generally create lower vibrations. It is intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine. This document is applicable to hand-held machines (see Clause 5), driven pneumatically or by other means, intended for grinding, cutting-off and rough sanding, with bonded, coated and super-abrasive products and with wire brushes for use on all kinds of materials. It is not applicable to die grinders or straight grinders. NOTE To avoid confusion with the terms "power tool" and "inserted tool", machine is used for the former throughout this document.

This document provides a method for sampling compressed air and a guide for choosing suitable measuring equipment to determine its particle size and concentration by number (to be referenced as "concentration" throughout this document). It also describes the limitations of the various measurement methods and describes the evaluation and uncertainty considerations. This document will report the particle size and concentration of all types of particle combined and does not aim to be able to segregate the separate solid and liquid particle fractions. When it is required that the concentration of a specific fraction is to be determined then recourse to the relevant standard method from the ISO 8573 series is recommended. NOTE 1 The test methods described in this document are those suitable for determining the purity classes given in ISO 8573‑1. NOTE 2 Particle content determined as concentration by mass is dealt with in ISO 8573‑8. NOTE 3 This document does not address instances where non-isothermal conditions exist, and separate arrangements should be made where particles may be formed by vapour condensation or lost through evaporation.

This document specifies the design, construction, guidance on use and maintenance of a dynamic loading device for the following categories of hand-held power tools: — percussive; — rotary-percussive. The device can be used when measurements are being made for vibration and noise including when required for specification in test standards.

This document establishes procedures and guidelines for the measurement and classification of mechanical vibration of reciprocating compressor systems. The vibration values are defined primarily to classify the vibration of the compressor system and to avoid fatigue problems with parts in the reciprocating compressor system, i.e. foundation, compressor, dampers, piping and auxiliary equipment mounted on the compressor system. Shaft vibration is not considered. This document applies to reciprocating compressors mounted on rigid foundations with typical rotational speed ratings in the range 120 r/min up to and including 1 800 r/min. The general evaluation criteria which are presented relate to operational measurements. The criteria are also used to ensure that machine vibration does not adversely affect the equipment directly mounted on the machine, e.g. pulsation dampers and the pipe system. NOTE The general guidelines presented in this document can also be applied to reciprocating compressors outside the specified speed range but different evaluation criteria might be appropriate in this case. The machinery driving the reciprocating compressor, however, is evaluated in accordance with the appropriate part of ISO 10816, ISO 20816 or other relevant standards and classification for the intended duty. Drivers are not included in this document. It is recognized that the evaluation criteria might only have limited application when considering the effects of internal machine components, e.g. problems associated with valves, pistons and piston rings might be unlikely to be detected in the measurements. Identification of such problems can require investigative diagnostic techniques which are outside the scope of this document. Examples of reciprocating compressor systems covered by this document are — horizontal, vertical, V-, W- and L-type compressor systems, — constant and variable speed compressors, — compressors driven by electric motors, gas and diesel engines, steam turbines, with or without a gearbox, flexible or rigid coupling, and — dry running and lubricated reciprocating compressors. This document does not apply to hyper compressors. The guidelines are not intended for condition monitoring purposes. Noise is also outside the scope of this document.

ISO 8573-2:2018 specifies test methods for the sampling and quantitative analysis of liquid oil and oil aerosols that can typically be present in compressed air. Test methods for oil vapour are excluded from this document as they are covered by ISO 8573‑5. Two different methods are described, Method A and Method B. Method B is subdivided into two parts to clearly distinguish between procedures for obtaining the quantity of oil for analysis. Method A describes an oil collection technique using inline coalescing filters whereas Method B utilizes sampling discs in a holder from which the collected oil is extracted with a solvent and analysed by infrared spectrometry or gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. ISO 8573-2:2018 also includes descriptions of alternative oil aerosol detection by the use of indicator type devices, see Annex E.

ISO 5393:2017 specifies a laboratory performance test method for power assembly tools (referred throughout the document as "tool") for installing threaded fasteners. ISO 5393:2017 provides a method for the measurement of torque repeatability (scatter) - over a range of torque rates as specified in this document, - over a range of torque adjustment as defined by the manufacturer, and - over a number of operating cycles as defined by the manufacturer. ISO 5393:2017 provides a method for the measurement of the precision of the built-in torque measurement system for tools incorporating such a feature. See Annex E. ISO 5393:2017 gives instructions on equipment parameters, what to test for and how to evaluate and present the test data. ISO 5393:2017 is applicable to tools - of any power source, e.g. pneumatic, hydraulic, and electric, including battery-powered, - which apply torque in a generally continuous manner, and - within the torque range 0,5 Nm to 2 000 Nm. Outside this range, it is acceptable to modify the test method providing that the modification is documented in the test report. ISO 5393:2017 is not applicable to - impact or impulse wrenches, - ratchet wrenches or wrenches with ratcheting clutches, and - other tools which advance fasteners in discontinuous increments, overcoming static friction at each increment. ISO 5393:2017 allows a test to be performed at any test torque level; however, in order to minimize the number of test joints necessary for a wide range of test torque levels, a list of preferred test torque levels is provided in Annex A.

ISO 11148-13:2017 specifies safety requirements for hand-held non-electric power tools (hereinafter referred to as "fastener driving tools") intended for installation of a fastener (see Annex B), forming a mechanical connection or attachment with the workpiece which are for example wood and wood-based materials, plastic materials, fibre materials (loose or compacted), cementitious materials, metals and combinations of these materials. The fastener driving tools for fasteners can be powered by compressed air or combustible gases (which may be ignited by a battery or accumulator) and the energy is transmitted to an impacted element by an intermediary component that does not leave the device. These tools are intended to be used by one operator and supported by the operator's hand or hands, with or without a suspension, e.g. a balancer. ISO 11148-13:2017 is applicable to fastener driving tools in which energy is applied to a loaded fastener for the purpose of driving this into a workpiece. ISO 11148-13:2017 is not applicable to fastener driving tools in which the energy for driving fasteners is drawn from powder-actuated cartridges, hydraulics or from any type of electrical supply. ISO 11148-13:2017 does not deal with special requirements and modifications of hand-held power tools for the purpose of mounting them in a fixture. ISO 11148-13:2017 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to fastener driving tools for fasteners when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, with the exception of the use of power tools in potentially explosive atmospheres. NOTE ISO 80079?36 gives requirements for non-electrical equipment for potentially explosive atmospheres.

ISO 18740:2016 applies to any fixed (constant) speed, liquid cooled, packaged centrifugal air compressor which incorporates a centrifugal compression element of any type driven by an electric motor. It defines and describes acceptance tests for electrically driven packaged air compressors of standard types which are constructed to specifications determined by the manufacturer and which are sold against performance data published in the manufacturer's sales documentation. NOTE Items supplied shipped loose for installation at site are not considered to be a part of the compressor package. Such compressors are designed to draw in atmospheric air from their immediate surroundings and the performance data offered by the manufacturer usually relates to a normal ambient air inlet pressure.

ISO 10439-3:2015 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors, and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. ISO 10439-4:2015 specifies integrally geared centrifugal compressors in conjunction with ISO 10439‑1.

ISO 10439-4:2015 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft, and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. ISO 10439‑4:2015 specifies requirements for expander-compressors, in addition to the general requirements specified in ISO 10439‑1:2015.

ISO 10439-2:2015 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft, and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. ISO 10439-2:2015 specifies requirements for non-integrally geared centrifugal and axial compressors, in addition to the general requirements specified in ISO 10439-1. These machines do not have gears integral with their casing but can have external gears.

ISO 10439 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft, and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors, and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. ISO 10439-1:2015 specifies general requirements applicable to all such machines. ISO 10439-1:2015 does not apply to fans (these are covered by API 673) or blowers that develop less than 34 kPa (5 psi) pressure rise above atmospheric pressure. It also does not apply to packaged, integrally geared centrifugal plant, and instrument air compressors, which are covered by API 672. Hot gas expanders over 300 °C (570 °F) are not covered by ISO 10439-1:2015. ISO 10439-1:2015 contains information pertinent to all equipment covered by the other parts of ISO 10439. It shall be used in conjunction with the following parts of ISO 10439, as applicable to the specific equipment covered: ISO 10439‑2; ISO 10439‑3 ISO 10439‑4

ISO 11011:2013 sets requirements for conducting and reporting the results of a compressed air system assessment that considers the entire system, from energy inputs to the work performed as the result of these inputs. ISO 11011:2013 considers compressed air systems as three functional subsystems: supply which includes the conversion of primary energy resource to compressed air energy; transmission which includes movement of compressed air energy from where it is generated to where it is used; demand which includes the total of all compressed air consumers, including productive end-use applications and various forms of compressed air waste. ISO 11011:2013 sets requirements for analysing the data from the assessment, reporting and documentation of assessment findings, and identification of an estimate of energy saving resulting from the assessment process. ISO 11011:2013 identifies the roles and responsibilities of those involved in the assessment activity.

ISO 11148-4:2012 applies to hand-held non-electric power tools (hereinafter "non-rotary percussive power tools") intended for chipping, riveting, breaking of concrete and asphalt, ramming, etc. The non-rotary percussive power tool can be powered by compressed air, hydraulic fluid or internal combustion engines and is intended for use by one operator and supported by the operator's hand or hands, with or without a suspension, e.g. a balancer. ISO 11148-4:2012 covers breakers, bush hammers, chipping hammers, small chisels, engraving pens, needle scalers, pick hammers, pile drivers, portable pile drivers, punches, rammers, riveting hammers, scaling hammers, stone hammers, spades and tampers. ISO 11148-4:2012 does not cover special requirements and modifications on non-rotary percussive power tools for the purpose of mounting in a fixture. ISO 11148-4:2012 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events when the tools are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, with the exception of the use of non-rotary percussive power tools in potentially explosive atmospheres.

ISO 11148-3:2012 applies to hand-held non-electric power tools (hereinafter "drills and tappers") intended for rotary drilling of holes in all kinds of material, e.g. wood, metal, concrete and plastics, or for tapping and cleaning threads in metal and plastics. The drills and tappers can be powered by compressed air, hydraulic fluid or internal combustion engines and are intended for use by one operator and supported by the operator's hand or hands, with or without a suspension, e.g. a balancer. ISO 11148-3:2012 is applicable to drills, heavy duty drills with two handles and tappers. ISO 11148-3:2012 is not applicable to special requirements and modifications of drills and tappers for the purpose of mounting them in fixtures. ISO 11148-3:2012 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events when drills and tappers are used as intended and under conditions of misuse that are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, with the exception of their use in potentially explosive atmospheres.

ISO 11148-6:2012 applies to hand-held non-electric power tools (hereinafter "assembly power tools for threaded fasteners") intended for tightening or installing of threaded fasteners. The assembly power tools for threaded fasteners can be powered by compressed air, hydraulic fluid or internal combustion engines and are intended for use by one operator and supported by the operator's hand or hands, with or without a suspension, e.g. a balancer. ISO 11148-6:2012 covers air-hydraulic impulse wrenches, impact wrenches, fastener installation tools, nutrunners, open-ended spanners (crow-foot with open-ended socket or tube nut wrench), ratchet wrenches and screwdrivers. ISO 11148-6:2012 does not cover special requirements and modifications of assembly power tools for threaded fasteners for the purpose of mounting them in fixtures. ISO 11148-6:2012 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events when the tools are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, with the exception of the use of assembly power tools for threaded fasteners in potentially explosive atmospheres.

ISO 11148-12:2012 specifies safety requirements for hand-held non-electric power tools (hereinafter "circular, oscillating and reciprocating saws") intended for sawing. The circular, oscillating and reciprocating saws can be powered by compressed air, hydraulic fluid or internal combustion engines and are intended to be used by one operator and supported by the operator's hand or hands, with or without a suspension, e.g. a balancer. ISO 11148-12:2012 is applicable to circular saws, circular knives, oscillating saws having a saw blade with a radius of 50 mm or less or a diamond cutting-off blade with a radius of 100 mm or less, oscillating knives (including windshield knives) and reciprocating saws, including jig saws and power hack saws. ISO 11148-12:2012 is not applicable to special requirements and modifications of circular, oscillating and reciprocating saws for the purpose of mounting them in fixtures. ISO 11148-12:2012 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to circular, oscillating and reciprocating saws when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, with the exception of the use of circular, oscillating and reciprocating saws in potentially explosive atmospheres.

ISO 28927-12:2012 specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held power driven portable die grinders. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of the machines where operating under type test conditions. It is intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine. ISO 28927-12:2012 is applicable to hand-held machines, driven pneumatically or by other means, equipped with a collet and intended for deburring operations using hard metal burrs or mounted points, on different materials ranging from hard steel to plastics. It is also applicable to low-speed die grinders using flap wheels or cylindrical sleeves.

ISO/TR 12942:2012 gives a classification of modern compressor types and their definitions. ISO/TR 12942:2012 presents terms for use in technical and contractual specifications, manufacturer's literature, information searches and data processing systems, patent information, educational publications for students, service and maintenance instructions, industrial statistics and market surveys, as well as in design, quality, safety, testing and other standards, norms, regulations and codes.

ISO 11148-7:2012 specifies safety requirements for hand-held non-electric power tools (hereinafter "grinders") intended for grinding and cutting-off with abrasive products, for use on all kinds of materials. The grinders can be powered by compressed air or hydraulic fluid and are intended to be used by one operator and supported by the operator's hand or hands, with or without a suspension, e.g. a balancer. ISO 11148-7:2012 is applicable togrinders used with: abrasive products with a peripheral operating speed less than or equal to 80 m/s; cutting-off wheels with a peripheral operating speed less than or equal to100 m/s; abrasive products with an outside nominal diameter less than or equal to 230 mm; cutting-off wheels with an outside nominal diameter less than or equal to 250 mm; wire brushes; diamond and reinforced [segmented] wheels with an outside nominal diameter less than or equal to 450 mm; flap discs and flap wheels. ISO 11148-7:2012 does not cover special requirements and modifications of grinders for the purpose of mounting them in fixtures. It is not applicable to die grinders with collets which are treated in ISO 11148-9; polishers and sanders [i.e. tools used with coated abrasives except flap discs and flap wheels] which are treated in ISO 11148-8; cutting-off machines which are driven by internal combustion engines and are used for cutting construction materials, which are treated in ISO 19432; shaft mounted wire brushes which are treated in ISO 11148-9.

ISO 11148-10:2011 specifies safety requirements for hand-held non‑electric compression power tools (hereinafter "compression power tools") for squeeze riveting, punching, shaping, pressing and cutting of metal, plastics or other materials. The compression power tools can be powered by compressed air or hydraulic fluid and are intended to be used by one operator and supported by the operator's hand or hands, with or without a suspension, e. g. a balancer. ISO 11148-10:2011 is applicable to crimping tools, collar splitters, power tools for metal forming (edge formers, folding tools, swagers), nut splitter heads, presses, punches, squeeze riveters, cutting power tools with parallel knives and alligator jaw compression riveters. ISO 11148-10:2011 is not applicable to special requirements and modifications on compression power tools for the purpose of mounting them in fixtures. ISO 11148-10:2011 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to compression power tools when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, with the exception of the use of compression power tools in potentially explosive atmospheres.

ISO 11148-1:2011 specifies safety requirements for hand-held non-electric power tools (hereinafter "assembly power tools for non-threaded mechanical fasteners") intended for installation, tightening or removal of both breakstem and non-breakstem rivets, bolts, plugs and fasteners from one side of a workpiece into metals, plastics and other materials. The assembly power tools for non-threaded mechanical fasteners can be powered by compressed air, hydraulic fluid or internal combustion engines and are intended to be used by one operator and supported by the operator's hand or hands, with or without a suspension, e.g. a balancer. ISO 11148-1:2011 is applicable to breakstem fastener, rivet or plug tools, breakstem lockbolt tools, mandrel loaded riveting tools and rivet nut setters. ISO 11148-1:2011 is not applicable to special requirements and modifications of hand-held power tools for the purpose of mounting them in a fixture. ISO 11148-1:2011 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to assembly power tools for non-threaded mechanical fasteners when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, with the exception of the use of power tools in potentially explosive atmospheres.

ISO 11148-5:2011 specifies safety requirements for hand-held non‑electric power tools (hereinafter "rotary percussive drills") intended for making holes in hard materials, such as rock and concrete. The rotary percussive drills can be powered by compressed air, hydraulic fluid or internal combustion engines and are intended to be used by one operator and supported by the operator's hand or hands, with or without a suspension, e.g. a balancer. ISO 11148-5:2011 is applicable to plug hole drills, rock drills and rotary hammers. ISO 11148-5:2011 is not applicable to special requirements and modifications of rotary percussive drills for the purpose of mounting them in a fixture. ISO 11148-5:2011 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to rotary percussive drills when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, with the exception of the use of rotary percussive drills in potentially explosive atmospheres.

ISO 11148-9:2011 specifies safety requirements for hand-held non-electric power tools fitted with collets (hereinafter "die grinders") intended for grinding and surface finishing and chamfering using mounted points, burrs and files and small wire brushes and other accessories mounted on shanks. The die grinders can be powered by compressed air, hydraulic fluid or internal combustion engines and are intended to be used by one operator and supported by the operator's hand or hands, with or without a suspension, e.g. a balancer. ISO 11148-9:2011 is applicable to angle die grinders, reciprocating files, rotary files and straight die grinders. ISO 11148-9:2011 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to die grinders when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, with the exception of the use of die grinders in potentially explosive atmospheres.

ISO 11148-11:2011 specifies safety requirements for hand-held non-electric power tools (hereinafter "nibblers and shears") with a reciprocating movement for nibbling and shearing. The nibblers and shears can be powered by compressed air or hydraulic fluid and are intended to be used by one operator and supported by the operator's hand or hands, with or without a suspension, e.g. a balancer. ISO 11148-11:2011 is applicable to nibblers and shears. ISO 11148-11:2011 is not applicable to special requirements and modifications of nibblers and shears for the purpose of mounting them in a fixture. ISO 11148-11:2011 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to nibblers and shears when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, with the exception of the use of nibblers and shears in potentially explosive atmospheres.

ISO 11148-8:2011 specifies safety requirements for hand-held non-electric power tools (hereinafter "sanders and polishers") intended for polishing and sanding with all types of movement, e.g. rotary, orbital and reciprocating, using coated abrasive products, bonnets of various soft materials and endless belts. The sanders and polishers can be powered by compressed air, hydraulic fluid or internal combustion engines and are intended to be used by one operator and supported by the operator's hand or hands, with or without a suspension, e.g. a balancer. ISO 11148-8:2011 is applicable to belt sanders, orbital sanders, polishers, random orbital sanders, rotary sanders and straight-line sanders. ISO 11148-8:2011 is not applicable to special requirements and modifications of sanders and polishers for the purpose of mounting them in a fixture. ISO 11148-8:2011 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to sanders and polishers when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, with the exception of the use of sanders and polishers in potentially explosive atmospheres.

ISO 11148-2:2011 specifies safety requirements for hand-held non-electric power tools without rotation (hereinafter "cutting-off and crimping power tools") intended for cutting off wires, cables, etc., and for crimping, for instance connectors to cable ends. The cutting-off and crimping power tools can be powered by compressed air, hydraulic fluid or internal combustion engines and are intended to be used by one operator and supported by the operator's hand or hands, with or without a suspension, e.g. a balancer. ISO 11148-2:2011 is applicable to crimping tools without a yoke, cutters, cutting-off tools, cutting pliers and crimping pliers. ISO 11148-2:2011 is not applicable to special requirements and modifications of cutting-off and crimping power tools for the purpose of mounting them in fixtures, and it is not applicable to "double acting hydraulic rescue tools for fire and rescue service use". ISO 11148-2:2011 deals with all significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to cutting-off and crimping power tools when they are used as intended and under conditions of misuse which are reasonably foreseeable by the manufacturer, with the exception of the use of cutting-off and crimping power tools in potentially explosive atmospheres.

ISO 28927-10:2011 specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held power driven percussive machines with and without rotary action [portable rock drills, plug hole drills, rotary hammers, breakers (e.g. pavement breakers, concrete breakers or road breakers), riveting hammers, chipping hammers, pick hammers or similar]. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a machine fitted with an inserted tool bit. ISO 28927-10:2011 is applicable to hand-held machines, driven pneumatically or by other means, intended for making holes in hard materials, such as rock and concrete. It is also applicable to breakers intended to work downwards to break hard materials (concrete, rock, pavement, asphalt, etc.) and for hammers intended to work in any direction to perform riveting or chiselling work. It is not applicable to impact drills with direct mechanical impact mechanisms. ISO 28927-10:2011 is not applicable to jack leg type rock drills and push feed rock drills, which are hand guided (the feed force is not applied by hand, but by an additional device).

ISO 28927-11:2011 specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held stone hammers. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a stone hammer when operated in laboratory conditions. It is intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine. ISO 28927-11:2011 is applicable to engraving pens and stone hammers intended for use by stone masons, driven pneumatically or by other means. It is not applicable to demolition hammers or to chipping hammers primarily intended for use on metal or in construction.

ISO 28927-4:2010 specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of straight grinders. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a machine fitted with a specified test wheel and run under no-load conditions. ISO 28927-4:2010 is applicable to hand-held machines, driven pneumatically or by other means, intended for grinding and surface finishing using straight grinding wheels type 1, tapered wheels type 4 and cylindrical plugs, e.g. of type 16 (cylindrical plug, tapered cone), 18 (cylindrical plug, flat end), 18R (cylindrical plug, rounded end) and 19 (cylindrical plug, taper-roll shaped), for use on all kinds of materials. It is not applicable to grinders used with wire brushes, nor is it applicable to die grinders where the inserted tool is mounted in a collet.

ISO 8573-1:2010 specifies purity classes of compressed air with respect to particles, water and oil independent of the location in the compressed air system at which the air is specified or measured. ISO 8573-1:2010 provides general information about contaminants in compressed-air systems as well as links to the other parts of ISO 8573, either for the measurement of compressed air purity or the specification of compressed-air purity requirements. In addition to the above-mentioned contaminants of particles, water and oil, ISO 8573-1:2010 also identifies gaseous and microbiological contaminants. Guidance is given in Annex A on the application of ISO 8573-1:2010.

ISO 28927-7:2009 specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held, power-driven nibblers and shears. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a machine run under specified test conditions. It is intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine. ISO 28927-7:2009 is applicable to nibblers and shears, driven pneumatically or by other means, intended for cutting sheet metal or composite materials.

ISO 28927-9:2009 specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held, power-driven scaling hammers and needle scalers. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a machine run under specified test conditions. It is intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine. ISO 28927-9:2009 is applicable to engraving pens, scabblers, scaling hammers and needle scalers, driven pneumatically or by other means, intended for paint, rust or scale removal with reciprocating work tools or needles and for all kinds of materials.

ISO 28927-6:2009 specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held, power-driven rammers. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a machine run under specified test conditions. It is intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine. ISO 28927-6:2009 is applicable to rammers, back-fill rammers, pawing rammers, sand rammers and stampers, driven pneumatically or by other means, intended for use in foundries, on building sites, etc., and with, for example, butts or peens made of cast iron or rubber, used for ramming of casting sand or in stamping work.

ISO 28927-3:2009 specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held, power-driven, portable polishers and rotary, orbital and random orbital sanders used for surface-finishing processes, not for material removal. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a machine when operating under type-test conditions. It is intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine. ISO 28927-3:2009 is applicable to hand-held machines driven pneumatically or by other means. It is not applicable to straight grinders equipped with a sanding wheel or to belt sanders.

ISO 28927-2:2009 specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held power-driven wrenches, nutrunners and screwdrivers used for tightening and loosening threaded fasteners. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a machine when operating at a specified load. The method has been tested for fastening tasks only. It is intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine. ISO 28927-2:2009 is applicable to hand-held machines, driven pneumatically or by other means, with impact or impulse action, of shut-off, ratchet or stall type, and of all designs — straight, pistol‑grip, angle or bow handle. It covers machines with 6,3 mm to 40 mm (1/4 in to 1˝ in) male or female drive output shafts, as well as other geometries. It is not applicable to nutrunners designed to be used only in torque reaction arms.

ISO 28927-5:2009 specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held, power-driven drills and impact drills. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a drill fitted with a drill bit. It is intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine. ISO 28927-5:2009 is applicable to straight drills, drills with a pistol‑grip and angle drills intended for drilling holes with rotating or impact action in all kinds of materials (see Clause 5), driven pneumatically or by other means. It is not applicable to heavy-duty drills with a screw feed or drills driven by a combustion engine.

ISO 28927-8:2009 specifies a laboratory method for measuring hand-transmitted vibration emission at the handles of hand-held, power-driven saws, polishing and filing machines with reciprocating action and small saws with oscillating or rotating action. It is a type-test procedure for establishing the magnitude of vibration in the gripping areas of a machine run under specified test conditions. It is intended that the results be used to compare different models of the same type of machine. ISO 28927-8:2009 is applicable to reciprocating files intended for surface finishing equipped with a file or polishing tool, saws intended for parting sheets, plaster for medical use or wood, or equipped with a saw blade for use on all kinds of materials, and small circular saws primarily intended for cutting metal or composite materials, whether driven pneumatically or by other means. It is not applicable to files that are normally used with one hand on the file blade, nor to large circular saws intended for cutting wood.

The test method described in ISO 12500-4:2009 is designed to determine the water-removal efficiency and operational pressure drop of any device designed for water removal from compressed air described as wall flow in accordance with ISO 8573-2.

ISO 1217:2009 specifies methods for acceptance tests regarding volume rate of flow and power requirements of displacement compressors. It also specifies methods for testing liquid-ring type compressors and the operating and testing conditions which apply when a full performance test is specified.

ISO 12500-3:2009 provides a guide for choosing an appropriate method of determining the solid particulate removal efficiency rating by particle size of filters used in compressed air systems. ISO 12500-3:2009 specifies the layouts and procedures for testing these filters. Measurement methods are recommended based on the size range of the particulates that the filter being tested has been designed to remove. The test is performed as a “type-test” on filters as being representative of a range. The following two particle diameter size ranges are identified in ISO 12500-3:2009: a fine filter range, 0,01

ISO 7183:2007 specifies the performance data that are necessary to state and applicable test methods for different types of compressed air dryers. It is applicable to compressed air dryers working with an effective (gauge) pressure of more than 50 kPa (0,5 bar), but less than or equal to 1 600 kPa (16 bar) and include the following: adsorption dryers, membrane dryers, refrigeration dryers (including drying by cooling) or a combination of these. A description is given of the principles of operation of the dryers within the scope of ISO 7183:2007. ISO 7183:2007 identifies test methods for measuring dryer parameters that include the following: pressure dew point, flow rate, pressure drop, compressed-air loss, power consumption and noise emission. ISO 7183:2007 also provides partial-load tests for determining the performance of energy saving devices or measures and describes the mounting, operating and loading conditions of dryers for the measurement of noise. ISO 7183:2007 is not applicable to the following types of dryers or drying processes: absorption dryers, drying by over-compression and integral dryers.