75.180.20 - Processing equipment
ICS 75.180.20 Details
Processing equipment
Verarbeitungstechnik
Matériel de traitement
Predelovalna oprema
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 75.180.20 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Processing equipment". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 222 standards classified under ICS 75.180.20 (Processing equipment). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies the criteria and minimum requirements for selecting internal coatings (often referred to as linings) for pressurized service within process vessels. The document provides the following: - key factors influencing coating selection; - generic composition of test liquids which can be used as references when evaluating supporting testing evidence for coatings; - principal test methods to be used as evidence of performance when selecting suitable coatings; - supporting evidence to be used in evaluating coatings that is relevant to the potential end use. This document covers types of coatings that are generally available, with properties that are known and documented. It also covers other materials to be evaluated and qualified for use. This document is applicable to process vessels coated at the new construction phase. It can be applied only where the coating is applied directly to the substrate. This document does not cover requirements related to metallic coatings nor weld overlay materials.
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This document specifies statistical methodology for assessing the expected agreement between two test methods that purport to measure the same property of a material, and for deciding if a simple linear bias correction can further improve the expected agreement.
This document is applicable for analytical methods which measure quantitative properties of petroleum or petroleum products resulting from a multi-sample-multi-lab study (MSMLS). These types of studies include but are not limited to interlaboratory studies (ILS) meeting the requirements of ISO 4259-1 or equivalent, and proficiency testing programmes (PTP) meeting the requirements of ISO 4259-3 or equivalent.
The methodology specified in this document establishes the limiting value for the difference between two results where each result is obtained by a different operator using different apparatus and two methods X and Y, respectively, on identical material. One of the methods (X or Y) has been appropriately bias-corrected to agree with the other in accordance with this practice. This limit is designated as the between-methods reproducibility. This value is expected to be exceeded with a probability of 5 % under the correct and normal operation of both test methods due to random variation.
NOTE Further conditions for application of this methodology are given in 5.1 and 5.2.
- Standard56 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons and other liquids have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors.
5.2 The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits.
5.3 Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.
5.4 This test method can be applied to contaminated products or hydrocarbon mixtures. This is valuable for fast product quality screening, refining process monitoring, fuel adulteration control, or other purposes including use as a portable apparatus for field testing.
5.5 This test method uses an automatic micro distillation apparatus, provides fast results using small sample volume, and eliminates much of the operator time and subjectivity in comparison to Test Method D86.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determination of the distillation characteristics of petroleum products and liquid fuels having boiling range between 20 °C to 400 °C at atmospheric pressure using an automatic micro distillation apparatus.
1.2 This test method is applicable to such products as; light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels containing up to 20 % ethanol, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, regular and low sulfur diesel fuels, biodiesel (B100), biodiesel blends up to 20 % biodiesel, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, burner fuels, and marine fuels.
1.3 The test method is also applicable to hydrocarbons with a narrow boiling range, like organic solvents or oxygenated compounds.
1.4 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate products; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ISO 25457:2008 specifies requirements and provides guidance for the selection, design, specification, operation and maintenance of flares and related combustion and mechanical components used in pressure relieving and vapour-depressurizing systems for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
Although ISO 25457:2008 is primarily intended for new flares and related equipment, it can also be used in the evaluation of existing flare facilities.
Further guidance and best practices are provided for the selection, specification and mechanical details for flares and on the design, operation and maintenance of flare combustion and related equipment.
ISO 25457:2008 also includes a set of data sheets, together with instructions and guidelines, for use in communicating and recording design information.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 25457:2008 specifies requirements and provides guidance for the selection, design, specification, operation and maintenance of flares and related combustion and mechanical components used in pressure relieving and vapour-depressurizing systems for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
Although ISO 25457:2008 is primarily intended for new flares and related equipment, it can also be used in the evaluation of existing flare facilities.
Further guidance and best practices are provided for the selection, specification and mechanical details for flares and on the design, operation and maintenance of flare combustion and related equipment.
ISO 25457:2008 also includes a set of data sheets, together with instructions and guidelines, for use in communicating and recording design information.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and provides guidance for the selection, design, specification, operation, and maintenance of flares and related combustion and mechanical components used in pressure-relieving and vapor-depressurizing systems for petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. While this document is primarily intended for onshore facilities, guidance related to offshore applications is included. Guidance and best practices for the selection, specification, and mechanical details for flares and on the design, operation, and maintenance of flare combustion and related equipment is also provided. This document is a supplement to API 537, 3rd edition (2017) including Addendum 1, the requirements of which are applicable with the exceptions specified in this document.
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This document specifies the requirements for a heavy-duty series of bolted bonnet steel gate valves for petroleum refinery and related applications where corrosion, erosion and other service conditions can indicate a need for full port openings, heavy wall sections and large stem diameters.
This document sets forth the requirements for the following gate valve features:
— bolted bonnet;
— outside screw and yoke;
— rising stems;
— non-rising handwheels;
— single or double gate;
— wedge or parallel seating;
— metallic seating surfaces;
— flanged or butt-welding ends.
It covers valves of the nominal sizes DN:
— 25; 32; 40; 50; 65; 80; 100; 150; 200; 250; 300; 350; 400; 450; 500; 600;
corresponding to nominal pipe sizes NPS:
— 1; 1¼; 1½; 2; 2½; 3; 4; 6; 8; 10; 12; 14; 16; 18; 20; 24;
applies for pressure Class designations:
— 150; 300; 600; 900; 1 500; 2 500;
and applies for pressure PN designations:
— 16, 25, 40, 63, 100, 160, 250 and 400.
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This document specifies the requirements for the procedures and design criteria used for calculating the required wall thickness of new tubes and associated component fittings for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. These procedures are appropriate for designing tubes for service in both corrosive and non-corrosive applications. These procedures have been developed specifically for the design of refinery and related process-fired heater tubes (direct-fired, heat-absorbing tubes within enclosures). These procedures are not intended to be used for the design of external piping.
This document does not give recommendations for tube retirement thickness. A technique for estimating the life remaining for a heater tube is described
This document is a supplement to API 530, 7th edition (2015) including addendum 1 and addendum 2, the requirements of which are applicable with the exceptions specified in this document.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the procedures and design criteria used for calculating the required wall thickness of new tubes and associated component fittings for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. These procedures are appropriate for designing tubes for service in both corrosive and non-corrosive applications. These procedures have been developed specifically for the design of refinery and related process-fired heater tubes (direct-fired, heat-absorbing tubes within enclosures). These procedures are not intended to be used for the design of external piping.
This document does not give recommendations for tube retirement thickness. A technique for estimating the life remaining for a heater tube is described
This document is a supplement to API 530, 7th edition (2015) including addendum 1 and addendum 2, the requirements of which are applicable with the exceptions specified in this document.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for the procedures and design criteria used for calculating the required wall thickness of new tubes and associated component fittings for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. These procedures are appropriate for designing tubes for service in both corrosive and non-corrosive applications. These procedures have been developed specifically for the design of refinery and related process-fired heater tubes (direct-fired, heat-absorbing tubes within enclosures). These procedures are not intended to be used for the design of external piping. This document does not give recommendations for tube retirement thickness. A technique for estimating the life remaining for a heater tube is described This document is a supplement to API 530, 7th edition (2015) including addendum 1 and addendum 2, the requirements of which are applicable with the exceptions specified in this document.
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This document is applicable to dry gas sealing systems for axial, centrifugal, and rotary screw compressors and expanders as described in ISO 10439 (all parts), ISO 10440-1 and ISO 10440-2. Although intended for use primarily in oil refineries, it is also applicable to petrochemical facilities, gas plants, liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities and oil and gas production facilities. The information provided is designed to aid in the selection of the system that is most appropriate for the risks and circumstances involved in various installations.
This document does not apply to other types of shaft seals such as clearance seals, restrictive ring seals or oil seals.
This document is a supplement to API Std 692, 1st edition (2018), the requirements of which are applicable with the exceptions specified in this document.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to dry gas sealing systems for axial, centrifugal, and rotary screw compressors and expanders as described in ISO 10439 (all parts), ISO 10440-1 and ISO 10440-2. Although intended for use primarily in oil refineries, it is also applicable to petrochemical facilities, gas plants, liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities and oil and gas production facilities. The information provided is designed to aid in the selection of the system that is most appropriate for the risks and circumstances involved in various installations.
This document does not apply to other types of shaft seals such as clearance seals, restrictive ring seals or oil seals.
This document is a supplement to API Std 692, 1st edition (2018), the requirements of which are applicable with the exceptions specified in this document.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to dry gas sealing systems for axial, centrifugal, and rotary screw compressors and expanders as described in ISO 10439 (all parts), ISO 10440-1 and ISO 10440-2. Although intended for use primarily in oil refineries, it is also applicable to petrochemical facilities, gas plants, liquefied natural gas (LNG) facilities and oil and gas production facilities. The information provided is designed to aid in the selection of the system that is most appropriate for the risks and circumstances involved in various installations. This document does not apply to other types of shaft seals such as clearance seals, restrictive ring seals or oil seals. This document is a supplement to API Std 692, 1st edition (2018), the requirements of which are applicable with the exceptions specified in this document.
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This document specifies the minimum technical requirements for surface preparation, materials, application, inspection and testing of internal coating and lining systems that are intended to be applied on internal surfaces of process vessels that are subject to marked pressure/temperature changes and/or potentially corrosive conditions or processes and aggressive chemicals, used in the oil and gas industry.
This document covers both new construction and maintenance works of process vessels as well as the repair of defective and deteriorated coating and lining systems.
This document also provides the minimum requirements for the coated and lined samples and the criteria for their approval.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for a heavy-duty series of bolted bonnet steel gate valves for petroleum refinery and related applications where corrosion, erosion and other service conditions can indicate a need for full port openings, heavy wall sections and large stem diameters.
This document sets forth the requirements for the following gate valve features:
— bolted bonnet;
— outside screw and yoke;
— rising stems;
— non-rising handwheels;
— single or double gate;
— wedge or parallel seating;
— metallic seating surfaces;
— flanged or butt-welding ends.
It covers valves of the nominal sizes DN:
— 25; 32; 40; 50; 65; 80; 100; 150; 200; 250; 300; 350; 400; 450; 500; 600;
corresponding to nominal pipe sizes NPS:
— 1; 1¼; 1½; 2; 2½; 3; 4; 6; 8; 10; 12; 14; 16; 18; 20; 24;
applies for pressure Class designations:
— 150; 300; 600; 900; 1 500; 2 500;
and applies for pressure PN designations:
— 16, 25, 40, 63, 100, 160, 250 and 400.
- Standard47 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for a series of compact steel gate, globe and check valves for petroleum and natural gas industry applications.
It is applicable to valves of:
— nominal sizes DN 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 65, 80 and 100,
— corresponding to nominal pipe sizes NPS ¼, ⅜, ½, , 1, 1¼, 1½, 2, 2½, 3 and 4,
— pressure designations PN 16, 25, 40, 63, 100, 250 and 400, and
— pressure designations Class 150, 300, 600, 800, 1 500 and 2 500.
Class 800 is not a listed class designation, but is an intermediate Class number widely used for socket welding and threaded end compact valves covered by this document. There is no equivalent PN designation.
This document includes provisions for the following valve characteristics:
— outside screw with rising stems (OS & Y): in sizes 8 ≤ DN ≤ 100;
— inside screw with rising stems (ISRS): in sizes 8 ≤ DN ≤ 65 with a pressure designation PN ≤ 100 or Class ≤ 800;
— socket welding or threaded ends: in sizes 8 ≤ DN ≤ 65;
— flanged or butt-welding ends excluding flanged end Class 800;
— bonnet joint construction that is bolted, welded or threaded with seal weld;
— bonnet joint construction that uses a union nut with a pressure designation PN ≤ 45 or Class ≤ 800;
— body seat openings;
— materials: as specified;
— testing and inspection.
This document covers valve end flanges in accordance with EN 1092-1 and ASME B16.5 and valve body ends having tapered pipe threads in accordance with ISO 7-1 or ASME B1.20.1. It is applicable to extended body construction in sizes 15 ≤ DN ≤ 50 with pressure designations Class 800 and Class 1 500 and to bellows and bellows assembly construction adaptable to gate or globe valves in sizes 8 ≤ DN ≤ 50. Also covered are requirements for bellows stem seal type testing.
- Standard55 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to pressure-relieving and vapour depressuring systems. Although intended for use primarily in oil refineries, it is also applicable to petrochemical facilities, gas plants, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) facilities and oil and gas production facilities. The information provided is designed to aid in the selection of the system that is most appropriate for the risks and circumstances involved in various installations.
This document supplements API Std 521, 6th edition (2014), the requirements of which are applicable with the exceptions specified in this document.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 There are existing lime-based flue gas desulfurization units in operation that require a method to measure the oxides available for sulfur dioxide absorption. Dissolved magnesium oxide varies among limes depending on the limestone sources and calcination conditions.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers analysis of magnesian, dolomitic and high-calcium limes for total neutralizing capability and dissolved major oxides. Dissolved calcium and magnesium are the major species that neutralize acid under the conditions of the test.
1.2 The test conditions are chosen to measure the acid-neutralizing capacity of both calcium hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide contained in slaked lime. By controlling the neutralization pH at 6, magnesium hydroxide and magnesium oxide are titrated in addition to calcium hydroxide fraction.
1.3 This test method also determines the fraction of Mg ions present in the lime that will dissolve under lime flue gas desulfurization (FGD) conditions. Because the Mg2+ ion alters FGD performance, it is important to know its concentration.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the minimum technical requirements for surface preparation, materials, application, inspection and testing of internal coating and lining systems that are intended to be applied on internal surfaces of process vessels that are subject to marked pressure/temperature changes and/or potentially corrosive conditions or processes and aggressive chemicals, used in the oil and gas industry.
This document covers both new construction and maintenance works of process vessels as well as the repair of defective and deteriorated coating and lining systems.
This document also provides the minimum requirements for the coated and lined samples and the criteria for their approval.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for a series of compact steel gate, globe and check valves for petroleum and natural gas industry applications.
It is applicable to valves of:
— nominal sizes DN 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 65, 80 and 100,
— corresponding to nominal pipe sizes NPS ¼, ⅜, ½, , 1, 1¼, 1½, 2, 2½, 3 and 4,
— pressure designations PN 16, 25, 40, 63, 100, 250 and 400, and
— pressure designations Class 150, 300, 600, 800, 1 500 and 2 500.
Class 800 is not a listed class designation, but is an intermediate Class number widely used for socket welding and threaded end compact valves covered by this document. There is no equivalent PN designation.
This document includes provisions for the following valve characteristics:
— outside screw with rising stems (OS & Y): in sizes 8 ≤ DN ≤ 100;
— inside screw with rising stems (ISRS): in sizes 8 ≤ DN ≤ 65 with a pressure designation PN ≤ 100 or Class ≤ 800;
— socket welding or threaded ends: in sizes 8 ≤ DN ≤ 65;
— flanged or butt-welding ends excluding flanged end Class 800;
— bonnet joint construction that is bolted, welded or threaded with seal weld;
— bonnet joint construction that uses a union nut with a pressure designation PN ≤ 45 or Class ≤ 800;
— body seat openings;
— materials: as specified;
— testing and inspection.
This document covers valve end flanges in accordance with EN 1092-1 and ASME B16.5 and valve body ends having tapered pipe threads in accordance with ISO 7-1 or ASME B1.20.1. It is applicable to extended body construction in sizes 15 ≤ DN ≤ 50 with pressure designations Class 800 and Class 1 500 and to bellows and bellows assembly construction adaptable to gate or globe valves in sizes 8 ≤ DN ≤ 50. Also covered are requirements for bellows stem seal type testing.
- Standard55 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to pressure-relieving and vapour depressuring systems. Although intended for use primarily in oil refineries, it is also applicable to petrochemical facilities, gas plants, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) facilities and oil and gas production facilities. The information provided is designed to aid in the selection of the system that is most appropriate for the risks and circumstances involved in various installations.
This document supplements API Std 521, 6th edition (2014), the requirements of which are applicable with the exceptions specified in this document.
- Standard13 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements for a series of compact steel gate, globe and check valves for petroleum and natural gas industry applications. It is applicable to valves of: — nominal sizes DN 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 32, 40, 50, 65, 80 and 100, — corresponding to nominal pipe sizes NPS ¼, ⅜, ½, , 1, 1¼, 1½, 2, 2½, 3 and 4, — pressure designations PN 16, 25, 40, 63, 100, 250 and 400, and — pressure designations Class 150, 300, 600, 800, 1 500 and 2 500. Class 800 is not a listed class designation, but is an intermediate Class number widely used for socket welding and threaded end compact valves covered by this document. There is no equivalent PN designation. This document includes provisions for the following valve characteristics: — outside screw with rising stems (OS & Y): in sizes 8 ≤ DN ≤ 100; — inside screw with rising stems (ISRS): in sizes 8 ≤ DN ≤ 65 with a pressure designation PN ≤ 100 or Class ≤ 800; — socket welding or threaded ends: in sizes 8 ≤ DN ≤ 65; — flanged or butt-welding ends excluding flanged end Class 800; — bonnet joint construction that is bolted, welded or threaded with seal weld; — bonnet joint construction that uses a union nut with a pressure designation PN ≤ 45 or Class ≤ 800; — body seat openings; — materials: as specified; — testing and inspection. This document covers valve end flanges in accordance with EN 1092-1 and ASME B16.5 and valve body ends having tapered pipe threads in accordance with ISO 7-1 or ASME B1.20.1. It is applicable to extended body construction in sizes 15 ≤ DN ≤ 50 with pressure designations Class 800 and Class 1 500 and to bellows and bellows assembly construction adaptable to gate or globe valves in sizes 8 ≤ DN ≤ 50. Also covered are requirements for bellows stem seal type testing.
- Standard46 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard48 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the requirements for a heavy-duty series of bolted bonnet steel gate valves for petroleum refinery and related applications where corrosion, erosion and other service conditions can indicate a need for full port openings, heavy wall sections and large stem diameters. This document sets forth the requirements for the following gate valve features: — bolted bonnet; — outside screw and yoke; — rising stems; — non-rising handwheels; — single or double gate; — wedge or parallel seating; — metallic seating surfaces; — flanged or butt-welding ends. It covers valves of the nominal sizes DN: — 25; 32; 40; 50; 65; 80; 100; 150; 200; 250; 300; 350; 400; 450; 500; 600; corresponding to nominal pipe sizes NPS: — 1; 1¼; 1½; 2; 2½; 3; 4; 6; 8; 10; 12; 14; 16; 18; 20; 24; applies for pressure Class designations: — 150; 300; 600; 900; 1 500; 2 500; and applies for pressure PN designations: — 16, 25, 40, 63, 100, 160, 250 and 400.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
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This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the mechanical design, material selection, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of shell-and-tube heat exchangers for the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
This document supplements API Std 660, 9th edition (2015), the requirements of which are applicable with the exceptions specified in this document.
This document is applicable to the following types of shell-and-tube heat exchangers: heaters, condensers, coolers and reboilers.
This document is not applicable to vacuum-operated steam surface condensers and feed-water heaters.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the mechanical design, material selection, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of shell-and-tube heat exchangers for the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
This document supplements API Std 660, 9th edition (2015), the requirements of which are applicable with the exceptions specified in this document.
This document is applicable to the following types of shell-and-tube heat exchangers: heaters, condensers, coolers and reboilers.
This document is not applicable to vacuum-operated steam surface condensers and feed-water heaters.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document is applicable to pressure-relieving and vapour depressuring systems. Although intended for use primarily in oil refineries, it is also applicable to petrochemical facilities, gas plants, Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) facilities and oil and gas production facilities. The information provided is designed to aid in the selection of the system that is most appropriate for the risks and circumstances involved in various installations. This document supplements API Std 521, 6th edition (2014), the requirements of which are applicable with the exceptions specified in this document.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard6 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the mechanical design, material selection, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of shell-and-tube heat exchangers for the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries. This document supplements API Std 660, 9th edition (2015), the requirements of which are applicable with the exceptions specified in this document. This document is applicable to the following types of shell-and-tube heat exchangers: heaters, condensers, coolers and reboilers. This document is not applicable to vacuum-operated steam surface condensers and feed-water heaters.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the minimum technical requirements for surface preparation, materials, application, inspection and testing of internal coating and lining systems that are intended to be applied on internal surfaces of process vessels that are subject to marked pressure/temperature changes and/or potentially corrosive conditions or processes and aggressive chemicals, used in the oil and gas industry. This document covers both new construction and maintenance works of process vessels as well as the repair of defective and deteriorated coating and lining systems. This document also provides the minimum requirements for the coated and lined samples and the criteria for their approval.
- Standard24 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard26 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 24817:2017 gives requirements and recommendations for the qualification and design, installation, testing and inspection for the external application of composite repair systems to corroded or damaged pipework, pipelines, tanks and vessels used in the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
- Standard96 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard96 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons and other liquids have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors.
5.2 The distillation characteristics are equally important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperatures or high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits.
5.3 Volatility, as it affects the rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly those used in paints.
5.4 Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.
5.5 This test method is suitable for setting specifications, for use as an internal quality control tool, and for use in development or research work on hydrocarbon solvents.
5.5.1 This test method gives a broad indication of general purity and can also indicate presence of excessive moisture. It will not differentiate between products of similar boiling range.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the procedure for the determination of the distillation characteristics of petroleum products and liquid fuels in the range of 20 °C to 400 °C (68 °F to 752 °F) using miniaturized automatic distillation apparatus.
1.2 This test method is applicable to such products as: light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels containing up to 10 % ethanol, aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, all grades of No. 1 and No. 2 diesel fuels (as described in Specification D975), biodiesel (B100), biodiesel blends up to 30 % biodiesel, special petroleum spirits, pure petrochemical compounds, naphthas, white spirits, kerosenes, furnace fuel oils, and distillate marine fuels.
Note 1: The up to 10 % by volume ethanol limit in spark ignition engine fuels (E10) was the range used in the supporting interlaboratory studies. Spark ignition engine fuels containing > 10 % by volume ethanol and up to 20 % by volume ethanol (E20) may be analyzed, however the stated precision and bias does not apply.
1.3 This test method is designed for the analysis of distillate products; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ISO 24817:2017 gives requirements and recommendations for the qualification and design, installation, testing and inspection for the external application of composite repair systems to corroded or damaged pipework, pipelines, tanks and vessels used in the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
- Standard96 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
- Standard96 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 24817:2017 gives requirements and recommendations for the qualification and design, installation, testing and inspection for the external application of composite repair systems to corroded or damaged pipework, pipelines, tanks and vessels used in the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
- Standard87 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard93 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 10439-2:2015 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft, and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. ISO 10439-2:2015 specifies requirements for non-integrally geared centrifugal and axial compressors, in addition to the general requirements specified in ISO 10439-1. These machines do not have gears integral with their casing but can have external gears.
- Standard83 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 10439-4:2015 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft, and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. ISO 10439‑4:2015 specifies requirements for expander-compressors, in addition to the general requirements specified in ISO 10439‑1:2015.
- Standard61 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 10439 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft, and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors, and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. ISO 10439-1:2015 specifies general requirements applicable to all such machines.
ISO 10439-1:2015 does not apply to fans (these are covered by API 673) or blowers that develop less than 34 kPa (5 psi) pressure rise above atmospheric pressure. It also does not apply to packaged, integrally geared centrifugal plant, and instrument air compressors, which are covered by API 672. Hot gas expanders over 300 °C (570 °F) are not covered by ISO 10439-1:2015.
ISO 10439-1:2015 contains information pertinent to all equipment covered by the other parts of ISO 10439. It shall be used in conjunction with the following parts of ISO 10439, as applicable to the specific equipment covered:
ISO 10439‑2;
ISO 10439‑3
ISO 10439‑4
- Standard139 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 10439-3:2015 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors, and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. ISO 10439-4:2015 specifies integrally geared centrifugal compressors in conjunction with ISO 10439‑1.
- Standard77 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 10439-4:2015 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft, and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. ISO 10439‑4:2015 specifies requirements for expander-compressors, in addition to the general requirements specified in ISO 10439‑1:2015.
- Standard61 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 10439-2:2015 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft, and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. ISO 10439-2:2015 specifies requirements for non-integrally geared centrifugal and axial compressors, in addition to the general requirements specified in ISO 10439-1. These machines do not have gears integral with their casing but can have external gears.
- Standard83 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 10439-3:2015 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors, and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. ISO 10439-4:2015 specifies integrally geared centrifugal compressors in conjunction with ISO 10439‑1.
- Standard77 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 10439 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft, and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors, and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. ISO 10439-1:2015 specifies general requirements applicable to all such machines.
ISO 10439-1:2015 does not apply to fans (these are covered by API 673) or blowers that develop less than 34 kPa (5 psi) pressure rise above atmospheric pressure. It also does not apply to packaged, integrally geared centrifugal plant, and instrument air compressors, which are covered by API 672. Hot gas expanders over 300 °C (570 °F) are not covered by ISO 10439-1:2015.
ISO 10439-1:2015 contains information pertinent to all equipment covered by the other parts of ISO 10439. It shall be used in conjunction with the following parts of ISO 10439, as applicable to the specific equipment covered:
ISO 10439‑2;
ISO 10439‑3
ISO 10439‑4
- Standard139 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 10439-3:2015 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors, and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. ISO 10439-4:2015 specifies integrally geared centrifugal compressors in conjunction with ISO 10439‑1.
- Standard68 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard67 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 10439-4:2015 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft, and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. ISO 10439‑4:2015 specifies requirements for expander-compressors, in addition to the general requirements specified in ISO 10439‑1:2015.
- Standard52 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard58 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 10439 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft, and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors, and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. ISO 10439-1:2015 specifies general requirements applicable to all such machines. ISO 10439-1:2015 does not apply to fans (these are covered by API 673) or blowers that develop less than 34 kPa (5 psi) pressure rise above atmospheric pressure. It also does not apply to packaged, integrally geared centrifugal plant, and instrument air compressors, which are covered by API 672. Hot gas expanders over 300 °C (570 °F) are not covered by ISO 10439-1:2015. ISO 10439-1:2015 contains information pertinent to all equipment covered by the other parts of ISO 10439. It shall be used in conjunction with the following parts of ISO 10439, as applicable to the specific equipment covered: ISO 10439‑2; ISO 10439‑3 ISO 10439‑4
- Standard129 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard141 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 10439-2:2015 specifies minimum requirements and gives recommendations for axial compressors, single-shaft, and integrally geared process centrifugal compressors and expander-compressors for special purpose applications that handle gas or process air in the petroleum, petrochemical, and natural gas industries. ISO 10439-2:2015 specifies requirements for non-integrally geared centrifugal and axial compressors, in addition to the general requirements specified in ISO 10439-1. These machines do not have gears integral with their casing but can have external gears.
- Standard74 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard75 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 13705:2012 specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, materials, fabrication, inspection, testing, preparation for shipment, and erection of fired heaters, air heaters, fans and burners for general refinery service.
ISO 13705:2012 is not intended to apply to the design of steam reformers or pyrolysis furnaces.
- Standard311 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 13705:2012 specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, materials, fabrication, inspection, testing, preparation for shipment, and erection of fired heaters, air heaters, fans and burners for general refinery service.
ISO 13705:2012 is not intended to apply to the design of steam reformers or pyrolysis furnaces.
- Standard311 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 12212:2012 specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the mechanical design, materials selection, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of hairpin heat exchangers for use in the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
Hairpin heat exchangers include double-pipe and multi-tube type heat exchangers.
- Standard54 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 12211:2012 specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the mechanical design, materials selection, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of spiral plate heat exchangers for the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
ISO 12211:2012 is applicable to stand‑alone spiral plate heat exchangers and those integral with a pressure vessel.
- Standard45 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
ISO 13705:2012 specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the design, materials, fabrication, inspection, testing, preparation for shipment, and erection of fired heaters, air heaters, fans and burners for general refinery service. ISO 13705:2012 is not intended to apply to the design of steam reformers or pyrolysis furnaces.
- Standard302 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard312 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
ISO 12212:2012 specifies requirements and gives recommendations for the mechanical design, materials selection, fabrication, inspection, testing and preparation for shipment of hairpin heat exchangers for use in the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries.
Hairpin heat exchangers include double-pipe and multi-tube type heat exchangers.
- Standard54 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
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