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This document specifies a method for the measurement of focal spot sizes within the range of 5 µm to 300 µm of X-ray systems up to and including 225 kV tube voltage. This determination is based on the evaluation of an image with a dedicated focal spot that has been radiographically recorded using an edge and evaluated with a digital method.
The imaging quality and the resolution of X-ray images depend highly on the characteristics of the effective focal spot, in particular its size and the two-dimensional intensity distribution as seen from the detector plane.
For the characterization of commercial X-ray tube types (i.e. for advertising or trade), the nominal values of Annex A are preferred.
NOTE            The same procedure can be used at higher kilovoltages by agreement but the accuracy of the measurement can be poorer.

IEC 61400-40:2026 provides the EMC requirements and test methods that apply to the individual wind turbine and all the sub systems which are part of the wind turbine.
The current document applies to measurements on individual wind turbines and not multiple wind turbines.
This document defines the requirements and test methods for the verification of the wind turbine performance against radiated emissions and the immunity of their components against conducted and radiated phenomena. This document is applicable to onshore and offshore wind turbines.

IEC 63041-3:2026 is available as IEC 63041-3:2026 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 63041-3:2026 is applicable to piezoelectric physical sensors mainly used in the field of process control, wireless monitoring, dynamics, thermodynamics, vacuum engineering, and environmental sciences. This document provides users with technical guidelines as well as basic knowledge of common physical sensors. Piezoelectric sensors covered herein are those applied to the detection and measurement of physical quantities such as force, pressure, torque, viscosity, temperature, film thickness, acceleration, vibration, and tilt angle.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Some terms in Clause 3 have been updated to be consistent with IEC TS 61994-5:2023.

IEC 61291-5-2:2017 applies to optical amplifiers (OAs) and optically amplified, elementary sub-systems for terrestrial applications, using active fibres (optical fibre amplifiers (OFAs)) containing rare-earth dopants, which are commercially available. The black box approach is used in this document. The black box approach is adopted in order to give product specifications which are independent of OA implementation details. For reliability qualification purposes, some information about the internal components is needed; these internal parts are themselves treated as black boxes. This document gives requirements for the evaluation of OA reliability by combining the reliability of such internal black boxes. The object of this document is to specify the minimum list of reliability qualification tests, requirements on failure criteria during testing and on reliability predictions, and give the relevant normative references to establish a standard method for the assessment of the reliability of OFA devices and sub-systems in order to minimize risks and to promote product development and reliability qualification. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2002. It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) removal of the contents on the relating quality management system from scope, terms and definitions, and the reliability requirements;
b) moving fit-rate calculation to Annex B (informative);
c) change of requirements for shock test;
d) amendment of abbreviations related to changes a) and b).
The contents of the corrigendum of May 2019 have been included in this copy.

IEC 62127-3:2022 specifies relevant hydrophone characteristics. This document is applicable to:
- hydrophones employing piezoelectric sensor elements, designed to measure the pulsed and continuous wave ultrasonic fields generated by ultrasonic equipment;
- hydrophones used for measurements made in water;
- hydrophones with or without an associated pre-amplifier.
IEC 62127-3:2022 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2007 and Amendment 1:2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition.
a) The upper frequency limit of 40 MHz has been removed.
b) Hydrophone sensitivity definitions have been changed to recognize sensitivities as complex-valued quantities.
c) Procedures to determine the effective hydrophone size have been changed according to the rationale outlined in Annex B.
d) Requirements on the frequencies for which the effective hydrophone size shall be provided have been changed to achieve practicality for increased frequency bands.
e) The new Annex B and Annex C have been added.
f) Annex A has been updated to reflect the changes of the normative parts.

IEC 61291-5-2: 2026: Amendment 1

This document specifies requirements and provides recommendations for the selection, usage and dependencies of visual user-interface elements and their application. This document is concerned with visual software components of interactive systems to make human-system interaction usable.
This document is applicable regardless of a fixed, portable or mobile interactive system, or cross-device use.
It does not provide detailed coverage of the methods and techniques required for design of visual user-interface elements. This document does not address implementation (e.g. graphical design of elements) and interaction details for specific input methods or technologies. It does not cover decorative user-interface elements that are intended to address solely aesthetic (hedonic) qualities in the user interface e.g. background images.

IEC 63545:2026 specifies safety requirements for horticultural luminaires, incorporating electric light sources for operation from supply voltage up to 1 000 V.

IEC 62031:2026 specifies safety requirements for LED modules for operation on DC supplies up to 1 500 V or on AC supplies up to 1 000 V. This document does not include requirements for performance characteristics of LED modules.
This document does not apply to:
- LED packages;
- LED modules for automotive lighting;
- OLED modules;
- LED lamps.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2018. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Complete review of the document structure, detailed technical requirements and tests, including but not limited to what is individually described under items b) to i);
b) Clarification of the scope and revision of the applicability of this document to independent and integral LED modules;
c) Updated terms and definitions;
d) Clearer specification for clause general requirements and clause general test requirements;
e) Update of the marking clause, such as marking of control terminals;
f) A full review and update of the electrical safety, thermal safety, and mechanical safety requirements preventing misinterpretation and ambiguity;
g) Updated photobiological safety requirements;
h) Revised and updated fault conditions and abnormal conditions requirements;
i) Removal of the annex relating to conformity testing during manufacture.

IEC 63563-5:2025 defines the low-level (physical layer and the data link layer) formats of data bits, data bytes, and data packets. In addition, it provides requirements and guidelines for load modulation and frequency-shift keying.

IEC 60335-2-105:2026 deals with the safety of electric multifunctional shower cabinets and electric separate multifunctional shower units for household and similar purposes, their rated voltage being not more than 250 V for single-phase appliances and 480 V for other appliances including DC supplied appliances. Appliances not intended for normal household use but which nevertheless can be a source of danger to the public, such as appliances intended to be used by laymen in hotels, fitness centres and similar locations, are within the scope of this standard.
As far as is practicable, this standard deals with the common hazards presented by appliances that are encountered by all persons in and around the home. However, in general, it does not take into account
- persons (including children) whose physical, sensory or mental capabilities; or lack of experience and knowledge prevents them from using the appliance safely without supervision or instruction;
- children playing with the appliance.
Attention is drawn to the fact that
- for appliances intended to be used in vehicles or on board ships or aircraft, additional requirements can be necessary;
- in many countries, additional requirements are specified by the national health authorities, the national water supply authorities, the national authorities responsible for the protection of labour and similar authorities;
- in many countries, mechanical strength, impact resistance and shattering properties of shower enclosures can be covered by national regulations.
If an appliance incorporates a part that is within the scope of IEC 60598 series or IEC 62368 series, the part is tested in accordance with the relevant standard as far as reasonable.
This standard does not apply to
- instantaneous water heaters used for showering (IEC 60335-2-35);
- shower-boost pumps (IEC 60335-2-41);
- appliances intended for medical purposes;
- appliances intended to be used in locations where special conditions prevail, such as the presence of a corrosive or explosive atmosphere (dust, vapour or gas).
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2016 and Amendment 1:2019. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) alignment with IEC 60335-1:2020;
b) conversion of some notes to normative text (Clause 1);
c) updates to the surface temperature requirements (11.8, Table 101).
This part 2 is to be used in conjunction with the latest edition of IEC 60335-1 and its amendments unless that edition precludes it; in that case, the latest edition that does not preclude it is used. It was established on the basis of the sixth edition (2020) of that standard.

This document specifies a method for the determination of the transverse rupture strength of sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals. The method is particularly suitable for comparing the sintered strength of a batch of metal powder with that of a reference powder or with a reference strength.
The method is applicable to sintered metal materials, excluding hardmetals, whether they have been subjected to heat treatment after sintering or not, and also to materials that have been sized or coined after sintering.
It is especially suitable for materials having a uniform hardness throughout their section and negligible ductility, i.e. a ductility corresponding to a permanent deformation of less than about 0,5 mm measured between the two supports during the transverse rupture strength determination.
NOTE            The permanent deformation can be measured with sufficient precision from the two fragments of the broken or cracked bar by indexing the lower surface. Alternatively, the deflection of a straight line drawn horizontally on the side of the test piece can be measured using an optical instrument such as a measuring microscope or optical comparator.

IEC 61267:2025 applies to test procedures which, for the determination of characteristics of systems or components of medical diagnostic X-ray equipment, require well-defined X-ray radiation conditions. This document deals with methods for generating X-ray radiation conditions which can be used under test conditions typically found in test laboratories or in manufacturing facilities for the determination of characteristics of medical diagnostic X-ray equipment.
IEC 61267:2025 cancels and replaces the second edition published 2005. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) removing former Annex C “Measurement of the practical peak voltage”;
b) inserting informative “Tabulated values for the squared signal-to-noise ratio per air kerma (SNR2in)” and normative “Additional X-ray radiation conditions as used in mammography and determination of the corresponding nominal aluminium half-value layers”;
c) revision of X-ray radiation conditions;
d) new method for verification of X-ray radiation conditions;
e) change of term definitions.

This document is a clear, effective and applicable guideline for demonstrating the performance of building automation and control systems (BACS) in non-residential buildings that fall within the scope of the European Directive Energy Performance of Building - EPBD (EU) 2024/1275 [1].
It has been developed for national policy makers, building planners, building owners and building inspectors to support them in planning new buildings and evaluating existing ones.

IEC 63341-3:2025 specifies the performance evaluation methodologies for fuel cell power systems that are designed for utilisation in electrically propelled rolling stock.
The scope of this document concerns itself exclusively with electrically powered rolling stock. Internal combustion engines utilising hydrogen are not encompassed within the scope of this document.
This document is applicable to hydrogen fuel cell power systems for electrically propelled rolling stock.
This document does not apply to reformer-equipped fuel cell power systems.
This document does not cover the hydrogen fuel systems that are permanently or separately attached to either the rolling stock or the fuel cell power system. These systems are addressed in IEC 63341-2. The fundamental system overview, incorporating the interrelationships between the primary functions and the connections to the external system, is delineated in IEC 63341-1:2025, Figure 4.
The relevant standards are comprehensively delineated in IEC 63341-1. The performance targets for fuel cell power systems are agreed upon between the user and the manufacturer.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of snagging resistance of a fabric using a mace (spiked ball).
This test method is applicable to knitted and to woven fabrics.

This document provides guidance on characterizing the modifications of river hydromorphological features described in EN 14614:2020. Both standards focus more on morphology than on hydrology and continuity, and include a consideration of sediment and vegetation. This document will enable consistent comparisons of hydromorphological forms and processes between rivers within a country and between different countries in Europe, providing guidance for broad-based characterization across a wide spectrum of hydromorphological modification of river channels, banks, riparian zones and floodplains. Although of lesser focus, it considers the indirect effects of catchment-wide modifications to these river and floodplain environments. Its primary aim is to assess ‘departure from naturalness’ as a result of historical and modern human pressures on river hydromorphology, and it suggests suitable sources of information (see EN 14614:2020, Table A.1) which may contribute to characterizing the modification of hydromorphological properties. In doing so, it does not replace methods that have been developed for local assessment and reporting.
Decisions on river management for individual reaches or catchments require expert local knowledge and vary according to river type.

This part of IEC 61076-2 describes 4- to 6-way circular connectors with M12 screw-locking with current ratings 8, 12 or 16 A per contact and voltage ratings of 50 V AC / 60 V DC or 630 V according to their coding, that are typically used for power supply and power applications in industrial premises.
These connectors consist of both fixed and free connectors, either rewirable or non-rewirable.
Male connectors have round contacts Ø1,0 mm and Ø1,5 mm.
The different codings provided by this document prevent the mating of differently coded male or female connectors to any other similarly sized interfaces, covered by other standards and the cross-mating between the different codings provided by this document.
NOTE 1 M12 is the dimension of the thread of the screw locking mechanism of these circular connectors.
NOTE 2 Several other IEC standards are available covering additional styles of circular connectors with M12 × 1 screw-locking, see Bibliography.

This document specifies the determination of Cr(VI) in solid waste material and soil by alkaline digestion and ion chromatography with spectrophotometric detection. This method can be used to determine Cr(VI)-mass fractions in solids higher than 0,1 mg/kg.
NOTE       In case of reducing or oxidising waste matrix no valid Cr(VI) content can be reported.