13.080.30 - Biological properties of soils
ICS 13.080.30 Details
Biological properties of soils
Bodenuntersuchung auf biologische Eigenschaften
Propriétés biologiques des sols
Biološke lastnosti tal
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This document specifies the crucial steps of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method to measure the abundance of selected microbial gene sequences from soil DNA extract. The number of microbial gene sequences quantified by qPCR provides an estimation of the abundance of selected microbial groups in soil.
- Draft39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the crucial steps of a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method to measure the abundance of selected microbial gene sequences from soil DNA extract. The number of microbial gene sequences quantified by qPCR provides an estimation of the abundance of selected microbial groups in soil.
- Standard34 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard35 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document deals with the assessment of human exposure to metals and metalloids from ingestion of soil. It specifies a simplified method for the prediction of the oral bioaccessibility of metals and metalloids from contaminated soils. The method is a chemical extraction using hydrochloric acid (HCl) and can be used at least for first-tier screening for prediction of the oral bioaccessibility of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in soil samples. It produces extracts that are representative of the bioaccessible concentrations measured by using the validated unified bioaccessibility method (UBM) (ISO 17924). More specifically, from the extractable concentrations of metals and metalloids by HCl, the predicted bioaccessibility in both the gastric and gastrointestinal phases is calculated using the equations and the prediction intervals provided in this document, and which have been derived from simple linear regressions of data obtained during validation studies.[ REF Reference_ref_2 \r \h 2 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000100000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F0032000000 ] NOTE The simplified method is applicable to prediction of the metals and metalloids bioaccessibility in soil with total concentrations range from 2 mg/kg to 2 600 mg/kg for As, from 0,2 mg/kg to 480 mg/kg for Cd, and from 4 mg/kg to 50 000 mg/kg for Pb.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard30 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for sampling, extracting and preserving macro-invertebrates from soils, including the litter zone.
The sampling and extraction methods in this document are applicable to almost all types of soil, with the exception of soils in extreme climatic conditions (hard, frozen or flooded soils) and matrices other than soil, e.g. tree trunks, plants or lichens.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for sampling, extracting and preserving collembolans and mites from field soils as a prerequisite for using these animals as bio-indicators (e.g. to assess the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms).
The sampling and extraction methods of this document are applicable to almost all types of soils. Exceptions can be soils from extreme climatic conditions (hard, frozen or flooded soils) and other matrices than soil, e.g. tree trunks, plants or lichens.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a rapid method for assessing solid samples in an aerobic suspension, by determining the inhibition of dehydrogenase activity of Arthrobacter globiformis using the redox dye resazurin.
It is applicable for assessing the effect of water-soluble and solid matter bounded non-volatile contaminants in natural samples, such as soils and waste materials. Although not the main purpose, the contact test can additionally be used for testing the effect of chemicals, as described in the Annex C. The test yields a result within 6 h and can therefore be used for screening potentially contaminated test material.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies test procedures for the determination of effects of contaminated soils or other contaminated samples on the emergence of lettuce seeds. This document is applicable to contaminated soils, soil materials, compost, sludge and chemical testing. It is also applicable to the measurement of effects of substances deliberately added to the soil and to the comparison of soils of known and unknown quality. This document is not applicable for volatile contaminants.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard8 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for sampling, extracting and preserving macro-invertebrates from soils, including the litter zone.
The sampling and extraction methods in this document are applicable to almost all types of soil, with the exception of soils in extreme climatic conditions (hard, frozen or flooded soils) and matrices other than soil, e.g. tree trunks, plants or lichens.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for sampling, extracting and preserving macro-invertebrates from soils, including the litter zone. The sampling and extraction methods in this document are applicable to almost all types of soil, with the exception of soils in extreme climatic conditions (hard, frozen or flooded soils) and matrices other than soil, e.g. tree trunks, plants or lichens.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard21 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for testing the bioaccessibility of substances from contaminated soil and soil-like materials. The method is not applicable for volatile contaminants. Furthermore, the method is only applicable if suitable analytical methods for extraction and detection of substances and/or elements from complex digestion assays are available. NOTE During the in vivo validation with minipigs, the PAHs naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene and fluorene were not evaluated due to their volatility. However, the results of the overall recovery indicate if volatilisation has occurred during the test.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard30 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a rapid method for assessing solid samples in an aerobic suspension, by determining the inhibition of dehydrogenase activity of Arthrobacter globiformis using the redox dye resazurin.
It is applicable for assessing the effect of water-soluble and solid matter bounded non-volatile contaminants in natural samples, such as soils and waste materials. Although not the main purpose, the contact test can additionally be used for testing the effect of chemicals, as described in the Annex C. The test yields a result within 6 h and can therefore be used for screening potentially contaminated test material.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies one of the methods for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining effects of soil contaminants and substances on the reproduction of Enchytraeus sp. by dermal and alimentary uptake in a chronic test. It is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality, for example, from contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, agricultural or other sites under concern and waste materials.
This document provides information on how to use this method for testing substances under temperate conditions.
The method is not applicable to substances, for which the air/soil partition coefficient is greater than 1, or to substances for which the vapour pressure exceeds 300 Pa at 25 °C.
NOTE No provision is made in the test method for monitoring the persistence of the substance under test.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a rapid method for assessing solid samples in an aerobic suspension, by determining the inhibition of dehydrogenase activity of Arthrobacter globiformis using the redox dye resazurin. It is applicable for assessing the effect of water-soluble and solid matter bounded non-volatile contaminants in natural samples, such as soils and waste materials. Although not the main purpose, the contact test can additionally be used for testing the effect of chemicals, as described in the Annex C. The test yields a result within 6 h and can therefore be used for screening potentially contaminated test material.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard29 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies one of the methods for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining effects of soil contaminants and substances on the reproduction of Folsomia candida Willem by dermal and alimentary uptake. This document also provides information on how to use this method for testing substances under temperate conditions.
The chronic test described is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality, e.g. from contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, industrial, agricultural or other sites of concern and waste materials.
The method is not applicable to volatile substances, i.e. substances for which H (Henry's constant) or the air/water partition coefficient is greater than 1, or for which the vapour pressure exceeds 300 Pa at 25 °C.
- Standard46 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for sampling, extracting and preserving collembolans and mites from field soils as a prerequisite for using these animals as bio-indicators (e.g. to assess the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms).
The sampling and extraction methods of this document are applicable to almost all types of soils. Exceptions can be soils from extreme climatic conditions (hard, frozen or flooded soils) and other matrices than soil, e.g. tree trunks, plants or lichens.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for sampling, extracting and preserving collembolans and mites from field soils as a prerequisite for using these animals as bio-indicators (e.g. to assess the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms). The sampling and extraction methods of this document are applicable to almost all types of soils. Exceptions can be soils from extreme climatic conditions (hard, frozen or flooded soils) and other matrices than soil, e.g. tree trunks, plants or lichens.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard14 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies one of the methods for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining effects of soil contaminants and substances on the reproduction of Folsomia candida Willem by dermal and alimentary uptake. This document also provides information on how to use this method for testing substances under temperate conditions.
The chronic test described is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality, e.g. from contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, industrial, agricultural or other sites of concern and waste materials.
The method is not applicable to volatile substances, i.e. substances for which H (Henry's constant) or the air/water partition coefficient is greater than 1, or for which the vapour pressure exceeds 300 Pa at 25 °C.
- Standard46 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies one of the methods for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining effects of soil contaminants and substances on the reproduction of Folsomia candida Willem by dermal and alimentary uptake. This document also provides information on how to use this method for testing substances under temperate conditions. The chronic test described is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality, e.g. from contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, industrial, agricultural or other sites of concern and waste materials. The method is not applicable to volatile substances, i.e. substances for which H (Henry's constant) or the air/water partition coefficient is greater than 1, or for which the vapour pressure exceeds 300 Pa at 25 °C.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard43 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies one of the methods for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining effects of soil contaminants and substances on the reproduction of Enchytraeus sp. by dermal and alimentary uptake in a chronic test. It is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality, for example, from contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, agricultural or other sites under concern and waste materials.
This document provides information on how to use this method for testing substances under temperate conditions.
The method is not applicable to substances, for which the air/soil partition coefficient is greater than 1, or to substances for which the vapour pressure exceeds 300 Pa at 25 °C.
NOTE No provision is made in the test method for monitoring the persistence of the substance under test.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies one of the methods for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining the effects of soil contaminants and chemicals on the reproduction of Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei by dermal and alimentary uptake. This chronic test is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality, e.g. from contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, agricultural or other sites concerned, and waste materials.
This method is designed mainly for determining the effects of soil contaminants and chemicals on the reproduction of Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei. Technical information is also provided on how to use Eisenia fetida/andrei for testing chemicals under tropical conditions (see Annex A). Finally, this method also includes technical information on how to use it with other environmentally relevant earthworm species: e.g. Dendrodrilus rubidus and Aporrectodea caliginosa (see Annexes B and C).
This method does not apply to substances for which the air/soil partition coefficient is greater than one, or to substances with vapour pressure exceeding 300 Pa, at 25 °C. This method does not take into account the persistence of the substance during the test.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies one of the methods for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining effects of soil contaminants and substances on the reproduction of Enchytraeus sp. by dermal and alimentary uptake in a chronic test. It is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality, for example, from contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, agricultural or other sites under concern and waste materials. This document provides information on how to use this method for testing substances under temperate conditions. The method is not applicable to substances, for which the air/soil partition coefficient is greater than 1, or to substances for which the vapour pressure exceeds 300 Pa at 25 °C. NOTE No provision is made in the test method for monitoring the persistence of the substance under test.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard25 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for sampling and handling free-living nematodes from terrestrial field soils as a prerequisite for using them as bio-indicators (e.g. to assess the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms).
This document applies to all terrestrial biotopes in which nematodes occur. The sampling design of field studies in general is specified in ISO 18400-101.
This document is not applicable to aquatic nematodes because of differences in the sample matrix (e.g. water column). Methods for some other soil organism groups such as earthworms, collembolans enchytraeids or macro-invertebrates are covered in ISO 23611-1, ISO 23611-2, ISO 23611-3 and ISO 23611-5.
This document does not cover the pedological characterization of the site which is highly recommendable when sampling soil invertebrates. ISO 10390, ISO 10694, ISO 11272, ISO 11274, ISO 11277, ISO 11461 and ISO 11465 include suitable procedures for measuring pH, particle size distribution, C/N ratio, organic carbon content and water-holding capacity.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies one of the methods for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining the effects of soil contaminants and chemicals on the reproduction of Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei by dermal and alimentary uptake. This chronic test is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality, e.g. from contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, agricultural or other sites concerned, and waste materials.
This method is designed mainly for determining the effects of soil contaminants and chemicals on the reproduction of Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei. Technical information is also provided on how to use Eisenia fetida/andrei for testing chemicals under tropical conditions (see Annex A). Finally, this method also includes technical information on how to use it with other environmentally relevant earthworm species: e.g. Dendrodrilus rubidus and Aporrectodea caliginosa (see Annexes B and C).
This method does not apply to substances for which the air/soil partition coefficient is greater than one, or to substances with vapour pressure exceeding 300 Pa, at 25 °C. This method does not take into account the persistence of the substance during the test.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies one of the methods for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining the effects of soil contaminants and chemicals on the reproduction of Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei by dermal and alimentary uptake. This chronic test is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality, e.g. from contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, agricultural or other sites concerned, and waste materials. This method is designed mainly for determining the effects of soil contaminants and chemicals on the reproduction of Eisenia fetida/Eisenia andrei. Technical information is also provided on how to use Eisenia fetida/andrei for testing chemicals under tropical conditions (see Annex A). Finally, this method also includes technical information on how to use it with other environmentally relevant earthworm species: e.g. Dendrodrilus rubidus and Aporrectodea caliginosa (see Annexes B and C). This method does not apply to substances for which the air/soil partition coefficient is greater than one, or to substances with vapour pressure exceeding 300 Pa, at 25 °C. This method does not take into account the persistence of the substance during the test.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document aims to assist in designing and organizing trials for validation of biotests. The validation activities during the different steps of the standardization process are described. This document comprises the overall data evaluation and subsequent validation study conclusion. This document is intended for the validation of biotests which can differ in their experimental design and endpoints. It is possible that some of the requirements of this document are not applicable to all test methods.
- Technical specification43 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification42 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification42 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a test procedure for the evaluation of the habitat function of soils by determining effects of soil contaminants and substances on organic matter decomposition. This test is applicable to natural soils and soil materials of unknown quality (e.g. contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, agricultural or other sites under concern). This document also specifies how to use this method for testing substances under temperate conditions. This document is not applicable to substances for which the air/soil partition coefficient is greater than 1. It is not applicable to substances with vapour pressure exceeding 300 Pa at 25 °C. NOTE The stability of the test substance cannot be ensured over the test period. No provision is made in the test method for monitoring the persistence of the substance under test.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard20 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for sampling and handling free-living nematodes from terrestrial field soils as a prerequisite for using them as bio-indicators (e.g. to assess the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms).
This document applies to all terrestrial biotopes in which nematodes occur. The sampling design of field studies in general is specified in ISO 18400-101.
This document is not applicable to aquatic nematodes because of differences in the sample matrix (e.g. water column). Methods for some other soil organism groups such as earthworms, collembolans enchytraeids or macro-invertebrates are covered in ISO 23611-1, ISO 23611-2, ISO 23611-3 and ISO 23611-5.
This document does not cover the pedological characterization of the site which is highly recommendable when sampling soil invertebrates. ISO 10390, ISO 10694, ISO 11272, ISO 11274, ISO 11277, ISO 11461 and ISO 11465 include suitable procedures for measuring pH, particle size distribution, C/N ratio, organic carbon content and water-holding capacity.
- Standard35 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for sampling and handling free-living nematodes from terrestrial field soils as a prerequisite for using them as bio-indicators (e.g. to assess the quality of a soil as a habitat for organisms). This document applies to all terrestrial biotopes in which nematodes occur. The sampling design of field studies in general is specified in ISO 18400-101. This document is not applicable to aquatic nematodes because of differences in the sample matrix (e.g. water column). Methods for some other soil organism groups such as earthworms, collembolans enchytraeids or macro-invertebrates are covered in ISO 23611-1, ISO 23611-2, ISO 23611-3 and ISO 23611-5. This document does not cover the pedological characterization of the site which is highly recommendable when sampling soil invertebrates. ISO 10390, ISO 10694, ISO 11272, ISO 11274, ISO 11277, ISO 11461 and ISO 11465 include suitable procedures for measuring pH, particle size distribution, C/N ratio, organic carbon content and water-holding capacity.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard28 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document describes a method to assess the bioaccumulation of chemicals in snails, i.e. concentrations of metal(loid)s (ME) or organic compounds [e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] accumulated in their tissues.
This document presents how to prepare snails for caging in situ for 28 days, the in situ test design and then how to collect and prepare the snails until conservation and further analysis. If a kinetic study of accumulation is necessary, sampling of snails at different time-points during exposure is possible as well [13],[19],[22].
This document excludes analytical methods. Preparation (extraction and mineralization) of the samples and quantification of chemicals are not in the scope of the present document.
The method is applicable for soils under different uses (agricultural, industrial, residential, forests, before and after remediation, on potentially contaminated sites, etc.) and waste materials [8],[10], preferably with vegetation and/or humus cover.
The method is applicable subject to certain limits of temperature (frost-free period, i.e. mainly from April to October in temperate region).
Optionally (see Annex I), the method can be used in the laboratory to evaluate the accumulation of contaminants [and optionally, the sum of excess of transfer (SET) index for ME, PAH, PCB] of snails exposed only to soil.
- Standard67 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes a method to assess the bioaccumulation of chemicals in snails, i.e. concentrations of metal(loid)s (ME) or organic compounds [e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] accumulated in their tissues.
This document presents how to prepare snails for caging in situ for 28 days, the in situ test design and then how to collect and prepare the snails until conservation and further analysis. If a kinetic study of accumulation is necessary, sampling of snails at different time-points during exposure is possible as well [13],[19],[22].
This document excludes analytical methods. Preparation (extraction and mineralization) of the samples and quantification of chemicals are not in the scope of the present document.
The method is applicable for soils under different uses (agricultural, industrial, residential, forests, before and after remediation, on potentially contaminated sites, etc.) and waste materials [8],[10], preferably with vegetation and/or humus cover.
The method is applicable subject to certain limits of temperature (frost-free period, i.e. mainly from April to October in temperate region).
Optionally (see Annex I), the method can be used in the laboratory to evaluate the accumulation of contaminants [and optionally, the sum of excess of transfer (SET) index for ME, PAH, PCB] of snails exposed only to soil.
- Standard67 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes a method to assess the bioaccumulation of chemicals in snails, i.e. concentrations of metal(loid)s (ME) or organic compounds [e.g. polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)] accumulated in their tissues. This document presents how to prepare snails for caging in situ for 28 days, the in situ test design and then how to collect and prepare the snails until conservation and further analysis. If a kinetic study of accumulation is necessary, sampling of snails at different time-points during exposure is possible as well [13],[19],[22]. This document excludes analytical methods. Preparation (extraction and mineralization) of the samples and quantification of chemicals are not in the scope of the present document. The method is applicable for soils under different uses (agricultural, industrial, residential, forests, before and after remediation, on potentially contaminated sites, etc.) and waste materials [8],[10], preferably with vegetation and/or humus cover. The method is applicable subject to certain limits of temperature (frost-free period, i.e. mainly from April to October in temperate region). Optionally (see Annex I), the method can be used in the laboratory to evaluate the accumulation of contaminants [and optionally, the sum of excess of transfer (SET) index for ME, PAH, PCB] of snails exposed only to soil.
- Standard58 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard58 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies one of the methods for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining effects of soil contaminants and individual chemical substances on the reproduction of the oribatid mite Oppia nitens by dermal and alimentary uptake. This chronic (28-day) test is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality (e.g., contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, agricultural or other sites under concern and waste materials). This method is not intended to replace the earthworm or Collembola tests since it represents another taxonomic group (= mites; i.e., arachnids), nor the predatory mite test since this species represents a different trophic level and ecological niche.
Effects of substances are assessed using standard soil, preferably a defined artificial soil substrate. For contaminated soils, the effects are determined in the test soil and in a control soil. According to the objective of the study, the control and dilution substrate (dilution series of contaminated soil) should be either an uncontaminated soil with similar properties to the soil sample to be tested (reference soil) or a standard soil (e.g., artificial soil).
Information is provided on how to use this method for testing substances under temperate conditions.
This document is not applicable to substances for which the air/soil partition coefficient is greater than 1, or to substances with vapour pressure exceeding 300 Pa at 25 °C.
NOTE The stability of the test substance cannot be assured over the test period. No provision is made in the test method for monitoring the persistence of the substance under test.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a simple method for the extraction of only phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) from soils.
- Technical specification16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for determining the toxicity of environmental samples on growth, fertility and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans. The method applies to contaminated whole freshwater sediment (maximum salinity 5 g/l), soil and waste, as well as to pore water, elutriates and aqueous extracts that were obtained from contaminated sediment, soil and waste.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a simple method for the extraction of only phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) from soils.
- Technical specification16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a simple method for the extraction of only phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) from soils.
- Technical specification7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification8 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies one of the methods for evaluating the habitat function of soils and determining effects of soil contaminants and individual chemical substances on the reproduction of the oribatid mite Oppia nitens by dermal and alimentary uptake. This chronic (28-day) test is applicable to soils and soil materials of unknown quality (e.g., contaminated sites, amended soils, soils after remediation, agricultural or other sites under concern and waste materials). This method is not intended to replace the earthworm or Collembola tests since it represents another taxonomic group (= mites; i.e., arachnids), nor the predatory mite test since this species represents a different trophic level and ecological niche.
Effects of substances are assessed using standard soil, preferably a defined artificial soil substrate. For contaminated soils, the effects are determined in the test soil and in a control soil. According to the objective of the study, the control and dilution substrate (dilution series of contaminated soil) should be either an uncontaminated soil with similar properties to the soil sample to be tested (reference soil) or a standard soil (e.g., artificial soil).
Information is provided on how to use this method for testing substances under temperate conditions.
This document is not applicable to substances for which the air/soil partition coefficient is greater than 1, or to substances with vapour pressure exceeding 300 Pa at 25 °C.
NOTE The stability of the test substance cannot be assured over the test period. No provision is made in the test method for monitoring the persistence of the substance under test.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The present document specifies a method for direct extraction of DNA from soil samples to analyse the abundance and composition of microbial communities by various techniques of molecular biology including real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). This method is mainly dedicated to agricultural and forest soils. This method can possibly not be suitable for soils rich in organic matter (e.g. peat soils) or soils heavily polluted with organic pollutants or heavy metals.
The direct extraction of DNA from soil samples provides unique insight into the α- and β-diversity of microbial communities. Next-generation sequencing of amplicons obtained by PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification of soil DNA constitutes a promising domain which will in the near future contribute to the development of routine tools to monitor microbial communities in soil environments.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 15685:2012 specifies a rapid method for the determination of the potential rate of ammonium oxidation and inhibition of nitrification in soils. This method is suitable for all soils containing a population of nitrifying microorganisms. It can be used as a rapid screening test for monitoring soil quality and quality of wastes, and is suitable for testing the effects of cultivation methods, chemical substances [except volatiles i.e. H > 1 (Henry's constant)], extracts of biosolids and pollution in soils.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 17512-1:2008 specifies a rapid screening method for evaluating the habitat function of soils and the influence of contaminants and chemicals on earthworm behaviour.
The sublethal test is a rapid method that reflects the bioavailability of contaminant mixtures in natural soils and substances spiked into soils to Eisenia fetida and Eisenia andrei. The avoidance behaviour of the worms is the measurement endpoint of the test. This test is not intended to replace the earthworm reproduction test.
Two different designs (a two section unit and a six section unit) have been developed and successfully applied. Both designs are applicable to either single-concentration (e. g. for assessing the quality of a field soil) or multi-concentration (e. g. for assessing the toxicity of a spiked chemical) tests. In both cases, the earthworms are allowed to make the initial choice on which compartment, control and a treatment [in the two section test vessel between right and left side; in the six section test vessel between the (3 + 3) alternating compartments], to enter.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Provides guidance on the selection and conduct of appropriate test methods for the determination of biodegradation of organic chemicals in aerobic soils. Does not describe any specific test method.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes a method to compare the quality of soils by determining the fatty acid composition of the leaves of plant species grown in these soils.
This method does not make it possible to determine an optimal value of the Omega-3 index and, therefore, cannot be used to determine the intrinsic quality of a soil from a specific area (regarded as homogeneous). The method can only be used to compare the quality of soils between various areas.
This method is applicable to:
— soils from contaminated sites;
— amended soils;
— soils after remediation;
? soil with waste products (e.g. slurry, manure, sludge or composts).
Alternatively, the quality of soils can be assessed by determining the Omega-3 index of Lactuca sativa seedlings grown in these soils under controlled conditions (i.e. phytotronic chamber) and by comparing these values to those obtained from control soils (see Annex B).
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
The purpose of ISO 29200:2013 is to describe a method for assessing genotoxic effects (chromosome breakage or dysfunction of the mitotic spindle) of soils or soil materials on the secondary roots of a higher plant: Vicia faba (broad bean). This method allows the assessment of genotoxicity (toxicity for genetic material) of soils and soil materials like compost, sludge, waste, fertilizing matters, etc. Two ways of exposure can be considered: a direct exposure of plants to the soil (or soil material) which is relevant for the real genotoxic potential and an exposure of plants to the water extract of the soil (or soil material). This last way of exposure to a leachate or an eluate allows the detection of the mutagens which are not adsorbed to soils and which may be transferred to aquatic compartments. Moreover, this test may be used to evaluate genotoxic effects of chemical substances and to waters, effluents, etc.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
ISO 17512-2:2011 specifies a rapid screening method for evaluating the habitat function of soils based on the avoidance behaviour of springtails.
The test is a rapid method that reflects the bioavailability of contaminants in natural soils and substances spiked into soils to Folsomia candida. In both cases, it is possible to establish a dose-response-relationship. The avoidance behaviour of the springtails is the measurement endpoint of the test. This test is not intended to replace the Collembola reproduction test.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
1 Scope
This International Standard specifies a test method for determining the activity of active aerobic, heterotrophic microbial biomass in soils. This method is applicable to the monitoring of soil quality and to the evaluation of the ecotoxic potential of soils and soil materials. It is also applicable for soils sampled along contamination gradients in the field and to soils that are contaminated experimentally in the field or in the laboratory.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the measurement of several hydrolase activities (arylamidase, arylsulfatase, β-galactosidase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, N-acetyl-glucosaminidase, acid, alkaline and global phosphatases, urease) simultaneously (or not) in soil samples, using colorimetric substrates. Enzyme activities of soil vary seasonally and depend on soil chemical, physical and biological characteristics. This method can be applied either to detect harmful effects on soil enzyme activities derived from toxic substances or other anthropogenic agents in contaminated soils against a control soil, or to test chemicals.
- Standard37 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
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