13.060.70 - Examination of biological properties of water
ICS 13.060.70 Details
Examination of biological properties of water
Détermination des propriétés biologiques de l'eau
Preiskava bioloških lastnosti vode
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This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the genotoxic potential of water and waste water using the bacterial strains Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium TA 98 and
TA 100 in a fluctuation assay. This combination of strains is able to measure the genotoxicity of chemicals that induce point mutations (base pair substitutions and frameshift mutations) in genes coding for enzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of the amino acid, histidine.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the sampling and laboratory preparation of benthic diatoms for ecological status and water quality assessments. The sampling and preparation procedures described can be used for later investigations using either light microscopy or molecular methods. Data produced by this method are suitable for production of indices based on the relative abundance of taxa.
Analysis using molecular methods is not within the scope of the document.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the sampling and laboratory preparation of benthic diatoms for ecological status and water quality assessments. The sampling and preparation procedures described can be used for later investigations using either light microscopy or molecular methods. Data produced by this method are suitable for production of indices based on the relative abundance of taxa.
Analysis using molecular methods is not within the scope of the document.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This International Standard specifies a method for the determination of the genotoxic potential of water and waste water using the bacterial strains Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serotype Typhimurium TA 98 and
TA 100 in a fluctuation assay. This combination of strains is able to measure the genotoxicity of chemicals that induce point mutations (base pair substitutions and frameshift mutations) in genes coding for enzymes that are involved in the biosynthesis of the amino acid, histidine.
- Standard44 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the general requirements for the in vitro amplification of nucleic acid sequences (DNA or RNA). This includes polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based methods like quantitative PCR, qualitative PCR, reverse transcription-PCR and digital PCR. The minimum requirements laid down in this document are intended to ensure that comparable and reproducible results are obtained in different organizations. It covers quality assurance aspects to be considered when working with PCR-based methods in a laboratory as well as validation and verification. In addition to laboratory PCR-based methods, this document is also applicable to on-site PCR-based methods. This document is applicable to PCR-based methods used for the analysis of microorganisms and viruses in different water matrices, including but not limited to: — drinking water; — groundwater; — pool water; — process water; — surface water; — wastewater. This document is applicable to the detection and quantification of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) of microorganisms by PCR-based methods in water such as bacteria, yeasts, fungi but also parasites such as Cryptosporidium, Giardia, amoebas and multicellular organisms. In addition, this document is applicable to the detection and quantification of nucleic acids from viruses in water by PCR-based methods. NOTE In the context of this document, viruses are considered to be microorganisms. Clauses in this document can also specifically apply to viruses and not to other types of microorganisms. In these clauses, viruses are mentioned separately.
- Technical specification71 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for assessing the effects of chemical and aqueous samples on the embryo-larval development of marine bivalves. This method allows the determination of the concentration levels that result in an abnormality in embryo-larval development. This test is suitable for salinity ranges: — between 20 PSU (practical salinity unit) and 40 PSU for mussels, and — between 25 PSU and 35 PSU for oysters. This method in this document applies to: — chemical substances and preparations, — marine and brackish waters, — streams and aqueous effluents (urban, agricultural, industrial effluents, etc.) as long as the salinity is adjusted or dilution is limited so that the aforementioned salinity ranges are respected, — aqueous extracts (pore water, elutriates, eluates and leachates) from sediments and petroleum products, and — samples of contaminated sediment or dredged material (see Annex C).
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard27 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies the crucial steps of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method to quantify the abundance of specific mRNA molecules extracted from Daphnia magna.
The method allows the identification of molecular responses to exposures for potentially toxic substances through the analysis of the abundance of specific mRNA molecules. In this document, the central genes involved in reproductive and toxic responses are included.
NOTE The selection of genes can be adapted to specific exposure conditions, for example, exposure to known toxic substances, by adding genes known to respond to a specific insult.
The present method allows for rapid, robust and sensitive detection of molecular responses and can be used to analyse the toxic effects of water leachates from soil and waste. The method gives information of the concentration of a substance or test-liquid at which toxic effects begin to occur prior to observations of reproductive or toxic effects at higher levels of organization, which reduces the need for the use of safety factors in toxicity assessment.
The method is useful in several types of risk assessment. In this document, the genes studied are appropriate for the assessment of the risks when recycling materials and for the classification of waste, but the method can be adapted to other types of risk assessment by including other genes.
- Technical specification25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes a spectrophotometric method for determining the chlorophyll-a content corrected for phaeopigments as a measure of the amount of phytoplankton for all types of surface water including marine water. The determination limit is usually 2 µg/l to 5 µg/l and is calculated by each laboratory individually. It can be as low as 0,5 µg/l using 2 l of sample (or even more) and a 50 mm cuvette.
NOTE In some measurement programs like marine studies on time series data and ecological status/classification no correction for phaeopigments is used and acidification is omitted, e.g. as recommended by OSPAR.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the inhibition of growth of the unicellular marine algae Skeletonema sp. and Phaeodactylum tricornutum by substances and mixtures contained in sea water or by environmental water samples (effluents, elutriates, etc.).
The method can be used for testing substances that are readily soluble in water and are not significantly degraded or eliminated in any other way from the test medium.
NOTE With modifications, as described in ISO 14442 and ISO 5667-16, the inhibitory effects of poorly soluble organic and inorganic materials, volatile compounds, metal compounds, effluents, marine water samples and elutriates of sediments can be tested.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the inhibition of growth of the unicellular marine algae Skeletonema sp. and Phaeodactylum tricornutum by substances and mixtures contained in sea water or by environmental water samples (effluents, elutriates, etc.).
The method can be used for testing substances that are readily soluble in water and are not significantly degraded or eliminated in any other way from the test medium.
NOTE With modifications, as described in ISO 14442 and ISO 5667-16, the inhibitory effects of poorly soluble organic and inorganic materials, volatile compounds, metal compounds, effluents, marine water samples and elutriates of sediments can be tested.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the crucial steps of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method to quantify the abundance of specific mRNA molecules extracted from Daphnia magna.
The method allows the identification of molecular responses to exposures for potentially toxic substances through the analysis of the abundance of specific mRNA molecules. In this document, the central genes involved in reproductive and toxic responses are included.
NOTE The selection of genes can be adapted to specific exposure conditions, for example, exposure to known toxic substances, by adding genes known to respond to a specific insult.
The present method allows for rapid, robust and sensitive detection of molecular responses and can be used to analyse the toxic effects of water leachates from soil and waste. The method gives information of the concentration of a substance or test-liquid at which toxic effects begin to occur prior to observations of reproductive or toxic effects at higher levels of organization, which reduces the need for the use of safety factors in toxicity assessment.
The method is useful in several types of risk assessment. In this document, the genes studied are appropriate for the assessment of the risks when recycling materials and for the classification of waste, but the method can be adapted to other types of risk assessment by including other genes.
- Technical specification25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document describes a spectrophotometric method for determining the chlorophyll-a content corrected for phaeopigments as a measure of the amount of phytoplankton for all types of surface water including marine water. The determination limit is usually 2 µg/l to 5 µg/l and is calculated by each laboratory individually. It can be as low as 0,5 µg/l using 2 l of sample (or even more) and a 50 mm cuvette.
NOTE In some measurement programs like marine studies on time series data and ecological status/classification no correction for phaeopigments is used and acidification is omitted, e.g. as recommended by OSPAR.
- Standard21 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the derivation of biological equivalence (BEQ) concentrations for results of in vitro bioassays which are based on measuring effects on a biological process such as enzyme induction or cellular growth. The concept described here can be used for any biological assay after the proof of its applicability.
To derive BEQ concentrations, the effect on a biological process caused by a sample – i.e. the activity of the sample – is expressed in terms of a concentration of a reference compound which results in an equivalent effect on the process. The term "sample" used in this document addresses environmental samples as well as defined mixtures and pure compounds used as test item in a bioassay. BEQ concentrations can be derived for environmental water samples, extracts of environmental water samples including tap water or solutions of pure chemicals or mixtures of chemicals.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the derivation of biological equivalence (BEQ) concentrations for results of in vitro bioassays which are based on measuring effects on a biological process such as enzyme induction or cellular growth. The concept described here can be used for any biological assay after the proof of its applicability.
To derive BEQ concentrations, the effect on a biological process caused by a sample – i.e. the activity of the sample – is expressed in terms of a concentration of a reference compound which results in an equivalent effect on the process. The term "sample" used in this document addresses environmental samples as well as defined mixtures and pure compounds used as test item in a bioassay. BEQ concentrations can be derived for environmental water samples, extracts of environmental water samples including tap water or solutions of pure chemicals or mixtures of chemicals.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the inhibition of root re-growth in duckweeds (Lemna minor) by substances and mixtures contained in water or waste water. This method applies to environmental water samples including treated municipal wastewater and industrial effluents.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of the estrogenic potential of water and waste water by means of a reporter gene assay utilizing stably transfected human cells. This reporter gene assay is based on the activation of the human estrogen receptor alpha.
This method is applicable to:
— fresh water;
— waste water;
— aqueous extracts and leachates;
— eluates of sediments (fresh water);
— pore water;
— aqueous solutions of single substances or of chemical mixtures;
— drinking water;
— the limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method for the direct analysis of water samples is between 0,3 ng/l and 1 ng/l 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQ) based on the results of the international interlaboratory trial (see Annex F). The upper working range was evaluated [based on the results of the international interlaboratory trial (see Table F.3)] up to a level of 75 ng EEQ/l. Samples showing estrogenic potencies above this threshold have to be diluted for a valid quantification. Extraction and pre concentration of water samples can prove necessary if their estrogenic potential is below the given LOQ.
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the estrogenic potential of water and waste water by means of a reporter gene assay with a genetically modified yeast strain Arxula adeninivorans. This reporter gene assay is based on the activation of the human estrogen receptor alpha.
Arxula adeninivorans is a highly robust and salt- and temperature-tolerant test organism and is especially suitable for the analysis of samples with high salinity (conductivity up to 70 mS/cm). The test organism can be cultivated in medium with sodium chloride content up to 20 %.
This method is applicable to:
— fresh water;
— waste water;
— sea water;
— brackish water;
— aqueous extracts and leachates;
— eluates of sediments (fresh water);
— pore water;
— aqueous solutions of single substances or of chemical mixtures;
— drinking water.
The limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method for the direct analysis of water samples is between 1,5 ng/l and 3 ng/l 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQ). The upper threshold of the dynamic range for this test is between 25 ng/l and 40 ng/l 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQ). Samples showing estrogenic potencies above this threshold have to be diluted for a valid quantification. Extraction and pre-concentration of water samples can prove necessary, if their estrogenic potential is below the given LOQ.
An international interlaboratory trial for the validation of this document has been carried out. The results are summarized in Annex F.
NOTE Extraction and pre-concentration of water samples can prove necessary.
- Standard63 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies procedures for sampling, capture and preservation of environmental DNA (eDNA) in aquatic environments, stemming from organisms that are or have recently been present in a waterbody, have visited it or whose DNA has been introduced to the waterbody through some mechanism. This document also covers procedures for avoiding sample contamination and ensuring DNA quality, key properties of the filtering procedure and equipment and reporting standards.
This document does not include the collection of eDNA from biofilms, sediments or similar sample types and does not cover sampling designs.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the estrogenic potential of water and waste water by means of a reporter gene assay with genetically modified yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This reporter gene assay is based on the activation of the human estrogen receptor alpha.
This method is applicable to:
— fresh water;
— waste water;
— aqueous extracts and leachates;
— eluates of sediments (fresh water);
— pore water;
— aqueous solutions of single substances or of chemical mixtures;
— drinking water.
The limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method for the direct analysis of water samples is between 8 ng/l and 15 ng/l 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQ) based on the results of the international interlaboratory trial (see Annex F). The upper threshold of the dynamic range for this test is between 120 ng/l and 160 ng/l 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQ). Samples showing estrogenic potencies above this threshold have to be diluted for a valid quantification. Extraction and pre-concentration of water samples can prove necessary, if their estrogenic potential is below the given LOQ.
- Standard59 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies procedures for sampling, capture and preservation of environmental DNA (eDNA) in aquatic environments, stemming from organisms that are or have recently been present in a waterbody, have visited it or whose DNA has been introduced to the waterbody through some mechanism. This document also covers procedures for avoiding sample contamination and ensuring DNA quality, key properties of the filtering procedure and equipment and reporting standards.
This document does not include the collection of eDNA from biofilms, sediments or similar sample types and does not cover sampling designs.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document aims to assist in designing and organizing trials for validation of biotests. The validation activities during the different steps of the standardization process are described. This document comprises the overall data evaluation and subsequent validation study conclusion. This document is intended for the validation of biotests which can differ in their experimental design and endpoints. It is possible that some of the requirements of this document are not applicable to all test methods.
- Technical specification43 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification42 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Technical specification42 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the determination of the estrogenic potential of water and waste water by means of a reporter gene assay with a genetically modified yeast strain Arxula adeninivorans. This reporter gene assay is based on the activation of the human estrogen receptor alpha.
Arxula adeninivorans is a highly robust and salt- and temperature-tolerant test organism and is especially suitable for the analysis of samples with high salinity (conductivity up to 70 mS/cm). The test organism can be cultivated in medium with sodium chloride content up to 20 %.
This method is applicable to:
— fresh water;
— waste water;
— sea water;
— brackish water;
— aqueous extracts and leachates;
— eluates of sediments (fresh water);
— pore water;
— aqueous solutions of single substances or of chemical mixtures;
— drinking water.
The limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method for the direct analysis of water samples is between 1,5 ng/l and 3 ng/l 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQ). The upper threshold of the dynamic range for this test is between 25 ng/l and 40 ng/l 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQ). Samples showing estrogenic potencies above this threshold have to be diluted for a valid quantification. Extraction and pre-concentration of water samples can prove necessary, if their estrogenic potential is below the given LOQ.
An international interlaboratory trial for the validation of this document has been carried out. The results are summarized in Annex F.
NOTE Extraction and pre-concentration of water samples can prove necessary.
- Standard63 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the estrogenic potential of water and waste water by means of a reporter gene assay with genetically modified yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This reporter gene assay is based on the activation of the human estrogen receptor alpha.
This method is applicable to:
— fresh water;
— waste water;
— aqueous extracts and leachates;
— eluates of sediments (fresh water);
— pore water;
— aqueous solutions of single substances or of chemical mixtures;
— drinking water.
The limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method for the direct analysis of water samples is between 8 ng/l and 15 ng/l 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQ) based on the results of the international interlaboratory trial (see Annex F). The upper threshold of the dynamic range for this test is between 120 ng/l and 160 ng/l 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQ). Samples showing estrogenic potencies above this threshold have to be diluted for a valid quantification. Extraction and pre-concentration of water samples can prove necessary, if their estrogenic potential is below the given LOQ.
- Standard59 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the determination of the estrogenic potential of water and waste water by means of a reporter gene assay utilizing stably transfected human cells. This reporter gene assay is based on the activation of the human estrogen receptor alpha.
This method is applicable to:
— fresh water;
— waste water;
— aqueous extracts and leachates;
— eluates of sediments (fresh water);
— pore water;
— aqueous solutions of single substances or of chemical mixtures;
— drinking water;
— the limit of quantification (LOQ) of this method for the direct analysis of water samples is between 0,3 ng/l and 1 ng/l 17β-estradiol equivalents (EEQ) based on the results of the international interlaboratory trial (see Annex F). The upper working range was evaluated [based on the results of the international interlaboratory trial (see Table F.3)] up to a level of 75 ng EEQ/l. Samples showing estrogenic potencies above this threshold have to be diluted for a valid quantification. Extraction and pre concentration of water samples can prove necessary if their estrogenic potential is below the given LOQ.
- Standard48 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water. The method is based on the growth of target organisms in a liquid medium and calculation of the most probable number (MPN) of organisms by reference to MPN tables.
This document is applicable to a range of types of water. For example, hospital waters, drinking water and non‑carbonated bottled waters intended for human consumption, groundwater, swimming pool and spa pool waters including those containing high background counts of heterotrophic bacteria.
This document does not apply to carbonated bottled waters, flavoured bottle waters, cooling tower waters or marine waters, for which the method has not been validated. These waters are, therefore, outside the scope of this document. Laboratories can employ the method presented in this document for these matrices by undertaking appropriate validation of performance of this method prior to use.
The test is based on a bacterial enzyme detection technology that signals the presence of P. aeruginosa through the hydrolysis of a 7‑amino‑4‑methylcoumarin aminopeptidase substrate present in a special reagent. P. aeruginosa cells rapidly grow and reproduce using the rich supply of amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients present in the reagent. Actively growing strains of P. aeruginosa have an enzyme that cleaves the 7‑amido‑coumarin aminopeptidase substrate releasing a product which fluoresces under ultraviolet (UV) light. The test described in this document provides a confirmed result within 24 h with no requirement for further confirmation of positive wells.
- Standard130 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for determining the toxicity of environmental samples on growth, fertility and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans. The method applies to contaminated whole freshwater sediment (maximum salinity 5 g/l), soil and waste, as well as to pore water, elutriates and aqueous extracts that were obtained from contaminated sediment, soil and waste.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the derivation of biological equivalence (BEQ) concentrations for results of in vitro bioassays which are based on measuring effects on a biological process such as enzyme induction or cellular growth. The concept described here can be used for any biological assay after the proof of its applicability. To derive BEQ concentrations, the effect on a biological process caused by a sample – i.e. the activity of the sample – is expressed in terms of a concentration of a reference compound which results in an equivalent effect on the process. The term "sample" used in this document addresses environmental samples as well as defined mixtures and pure compounds used as test item in a bioassay. BEQ concentrations can be derived for environmental water samples, extracts of environmental water samples including tap water or solutions of pure chemicals or mixtures of chemicals.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for the enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water. The method is based on the growth of target organisms in a liquid medium and calculation of the most probable number (MPN) of organisms by reference to MPN tables.
This document is applicable to a range of types of water. For example, hospital waters, drinking water and non‑carbonated bottled waters intended for human consumption, groundwater, swimming pool and spa pool waters including those containing high background counts of heterotrophic bacteria.
This document does not apply to carbonated bottled waters, flavoured bottle waters, cooling tower waters or marine waters, for which the method has not been validated. These waters are, therefore, outside the scope of this document. Laboratories can employ the method presented in this document for these matrices by undertaking appropriate validation of performance of this method prior to use.
The test is based on a bacterial enzyme detection technology that signals the presence of P. aeruginosa through the hydrolysis of a 7‑amino‑4‑methylcoumarin aminopeptidase substrate present in a special reagent. P. aeruginosa cells rapidly grow and reproduce using the rich supply of amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients present in the reagent. Actively growing strains of P. aeruginosa have an enzyme that cleaves the 7‑amido‑coumarin aminopeptidase substrate releasing a product which fluoresces under ultraviolet (UV) light. The test described in this document provides a confirmed result within 24 h with no requirement for further confirmation of positive wells.
- Standard130 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for determining the toxicity of environmental samples on growth, fertility and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans. The method applies to contaminated whole freshwater sediment (maximum salinity 5 g/l), soil and waste, as well as to pore water, elutriates and aqueous extracts that were obtained from contaminated sediment, soil and waste.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document is focused on the structural features of rivers, on geomorphological and hydrological processes, and on river continuity. This document is focused on the structural features of rivers, on geomorphological and hydrological processes, and on river continuity. It provides guidance on the features and processes to be taken into account when characterizing and assessing the hydromorphology of rivers. The word ‘river’ is used as a generic term to describe flowing watercourses of all sizes, with the exception of artificial water bodies such as canals. The document is based on methods developed, tested, and compared in Europe, including the pan-European REFORM project (https://reformrivers.eu/). Its main aim is to improve the comparability of hydromorphological assessment methods, data processing and interpretation. It provides broad recommendations for the types of parameters that should be assessed, and the methods for doing this, within a framework that offers the flexibility to plan programmes of work that are affordable. Although this document does not constitute CIS guidance for the WFD, relevant references provided by the CIS expert group on hydromorphology have been included in the Bibliography.
Although it has particular importance for the WFD by providing guidance on assessing hydromorphological quality, this document has considerably wider scope for other applications. It does not attempt either to describe methods for defining high status for hydromorphology under the WFD, or to link broadscale hydromorphological classification to assessments of ecological status. In addition, while recognizing the important influence of hydromorphology on plant and animal ecology, no attempt is made to provide guidance in this area, but where the biota have an important influence on hydromorphology, these influences are included.
NOTE A case study illustrating the application of this document is given in Gurnell and Grabowski[1].
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document is focused on the structural features of rivers, on geomorphological and hydrological processes, and on river continuity. This document is focused on the structural features of rivers, on geomorphological and hydrological processes, and on river continuity. It provides guidance on the features and processes to be taken into account when characterizing and assessing the hydromorphology of rivers. The word ‘river’ is used as a generic term to describe flowing watercourses of all sizes, with the exception of artificial water bodies such as canals. The document is based on methods developed, tested, and compared in Europe, including the pan-European REFORM project (https://reformrivers.eu/). Its main aim is to improve the comparability of hydromorphological assessment methods, data processing and interpretation. It provides broad recommendations for the types of parameters that should be assessed, and the methods for doing this, within a framework that offers the flexibility to plan programmes of work that are affordable. Although this document does not constitute CIS guidance for the WFD, relevant references provided by the CIS expert group on hydromorphology have been included in the Bibliography.
Although it has particular importance for the WFD by providing guidance on assessing hydromorphological quality, this document has considerably wider scope for other applications. It does not attempt either to describe methods for defining high status for hydromorphology under the WFD, or to link broadscale hydromorphological classification to assessments of ecological status. In addition, while recognizing the important influence of hydromorphology on plant and animal ecology, no attempt is made to provide guidance in this area, but where the biota have an important influence on hydromorphology, these influences are included.
NOTE A case study illustrating the application of this document is given in Gurnell and Grabowski[1].
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for determining the toxicity of environmental samples on growth, fertility and reproduction of Caenorhabditis elegans. The method applies to contaminated whole freshwater sediment (maximum salinity 5 g/l), soil and waste, as well as to pore water, elutriates and aqueous extracts that were obtained from contaminated sediment, soil and waste.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard25 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document provides guidance for survey design, equipment specification, survey methods, sampling and data handling of macroalgae and marine angiosperms such as Zostera in the intertidal soft bottom environment. It does not include polyeuryhaline terrestrial angiosperms that are found in saltmarshes. Ruppia is a genus of angiosperms that can be found in brackish water. This document can also be applied to the study of Ruppia in these environments.
The document comprises:
- development of a mapping and sampling programme;
- requirements for mapping and sampling equipment;
- procedures for remote sensing data collection;
- procedures for direct mapping and sampling in the field;
- recommendations for taxon identification and biomass determination;
- data handling.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the detection, semi-quantitative and quantitative (MPN) enumeration of thermotolerant Campylobacter species.
The method can be applied to all kinds of waters including: drinking water, ground water and well water, fresh, brackish and saline surface water, swimming pools, spa and hydrotherapy pools, recreational waters, agricultural waters and runoff, untreated and treated wastewater and also sand and other sediments.
This method can be used for the detection of Campylobacter species in a specified sample volume. Clean water samples with low turbidity can be membrane filtered for either a qualitative method, semi-quantitative or quantitative (MPN) method. Water samples with higher turbidity, such as primary and secondary wastewater effluents and sediments, are analysed using the same qualitative, semi-quantitative or quantitative MPN method by direct inoculation of material into bottles or tubes. Sediments can be suspended in a suitable diluent or inoculated directly into enrichment broths.
Users wishing to employ this method are expected to verify its performance for the particular matrix under their own laboratory conditions.
- Standard30 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies procedures for sampling of mesozooplankton using nets and continuous ribbon-sampling devices in marine and brackish waters for the purpose of water quality assessment and determination of ecological status of ecosystems.
Guidance on sampling procedures and the subsequent steps of preservation and storage are given. The sampling procedures allow estimates of species occurrence and their abundance (relative or absolute), including spatial distribution and seasonal and long-term temporal trends, for a given body of water.
The described methods are restricted to the sampling of mesozooplankton that inhabit marine and brackish waters and exclude the shallow littoral zones which require a different type of sampling (e.g. zooplankton in salt marshes).
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure for analysing mesozooplankton in marine and brackish waters. The procedure comprises how to identify and enumerate mesozooplankton to estimate quantitative information on diversity, abundance and biomass with regard to spatial distribution and long-term temporal trends for a given body of water.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document provides guidance for survey design, equipment specification, survey methods, sampling and data handling of macroalgae and marine angiosperms such as Zostera in the intertidal soft bottom environment. It does not include polyeuryhaline terrestrial angiosperms that are found in saltmarshes. Ruppia is a genus of angiosperms that can be found in brackish water. This document can also be applied to the study of Ruppia in these environments.
The document comprises:
- development of a mapping and sampling programme;
- requirements for mapping and sampling equipment;
- procedures for remote sensing data collection;
- procedures for direct mapping and sampling in the field;
- recommendations for taxon identification and biomass determination;
- data handling.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the detection and quantification of Legionella spp. and L. pneumophila using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). It specifies general methodological requirements, performance evaluation requirements, and quality control requirements.
Technical details specified in this document are given for information only. Any other technical solutions complying with the performance requirements are suitable.
NOTE 1 For performance requirements, see Clause 9.
This document is intended to be applied in the bacteriological investigation of all types of water (hot or cold water, cooling tower water, etc.), unless the nature and/or content of suspended matter and/or accompanying flora interfere with the determination. This interference can result in an adverse effect on both the detection limit and the quantification limit.
NOTE 2 For validation requirements, see 9.7.
The results are expressed as the number of genome units of Legionella spp. and/or L. pneumophila per litre of sample.
The method described in this document is applicable to all types of water. However, some additives, such as chemicals used for water treatment, can interfere with and/or affect the sensitivity of the method.
The qPCR methods do not give any information about the physiological state of the Legionella.
- Technical specification53 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Technical specification47 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Amendment7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies techniques for preparing poorly water-soluble organic compounds (i.e. liquid and solid compounds) with a solubility in water of less than approximately 100 mg/l and introducing them into test vessels for a subsequent biodegradability test in an aqueous medium using standard methods.
The subsequent tests on biodegradability are primarily methods using the analysis of the released carbon dioxide described in ISO 9439 and the determination of the oxygen described in ISO 9408 and following the usual precautions for ISO 10707. Thus, one can notice that the methods measuring the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are not appropriate.
This document does not specify the biodegradation test methods. It is restricted to describing techniques for introducing the test compounds into the test medium and to keeping them in a dispersed state[4]. These techniques are implemented while observing the experimental conditions described in the standardized methods for evaluating biodegradability. ISO 9439, based on CO2 evolution, is not suitable for testing volatile compounds.
Some of the preparation methods described in this document might not be accepted by regulators for making conclusions on the ready biodegradability of tested compounds.
Examples of biodegradability curves are given in Annex A.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This technical report specifies the data and metadata necessary to validate the identity of a diatom barcode used for ecological assessment along with recommendations for storage of the barcode and metadata to ensure access to this information.
- Technical report11 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This technical report specifies a method for the field sampling of benthic diatoms which will be then analysed by subsequent metabarcoding techniques for ecological status and water quality assessments. Data produced by this method are suitable for production of taxonomical diatom lists.
- Technical report8 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies procedures for sampling of mesozooplankton using nets and continuous ribbon-sampling devices in marine and brackish waters for the purpose of water quality assessment and determination of ecological status of ecosystems.
Guidance on sampling procedures and the subsequent steps of preservation and storage are given. The sampling procedures allow estimates of species occurrence and their abundance (relative or absolute), including spatial distribution and seasonal and long-term temporal trends, for a given body of water.
The described methods are restricted to the sampling of mesozooplankton that inhabit marine and brackish waters and exclude the shallow littoral zones which require a different type of sampling (e.g. zooplankton in salt marshes).
- Standard29 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a procedure for analysing mesozooplankton in marine and brackish waters. The procedure comprises how to identify and enumerate mesozooplankton to estimate quantitative information on diversity, abundance and biomass with regard to spatial distribution and long-term temporal trends for a given body of water.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a method for the enumeration of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in water. The method is based on the growth of target organisms in a liquid medium and calculation of the most probable number (MPN) of organisms by reference to MPN tables.
This document is applicable to a range of types of water. For example, hospital waters, drinking water and non‑carbonated bottled waters intended for human consumption, groundwater, swimming pool and spa pool waters including those containing high background counts of heterotrophic bacteria.
This document does not apply to carbonated bottled waters, flavoured bottle waters, cooling tower waters or marine waters, for which the method has not been validated. These waters are, therefore, outside the scope of this document. Laboratories can employ the method presented in this document for these matrices by undertaking appropriate validation of performance of this method prior to use.
The test is based on a bacterial enzyme detection technology that signals the presence of P. aeruginosa through the hydrolysis of a 7‑amino‑4‑methylcoumarin aminopeptidase substrate present in a special reagent. P. aeruginosa cells rapidly grow and reproduce using the rich supply of amino acids, vitamins and other nutrients present in the reagent. Actively growing strains of P. aeruginosa have an enzyme that cleaves the 7‑amido‑coumarin aminopeptidase substrate releasing a product which fluoresces under ultraviolet (UV) light. The test described in this document provides a confirmed result within 24 h with no requirement for further confirmation of positive wells.
- Standard127 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard122 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard134 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard134 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document gives guidance on the quantitative estimation of abundance and identification of macroinvertebrates in samples taken from inland waters. The procedure deals with pre-treatment (cleaning), sub-sampling, sorting, and final identification of organisms from preserved and unpreserved samples originating from natural habitats or artificial substrates and their transport to the laboratory. Specific guidance is given for preservation for DNA-analysis.
- Standard18 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Amendment7 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This document specifies techniques for preparing poorly water-soluble organic compounds (i.e. liquid and solid compounds) with a solubility in water of less than approximately 100 mg/l and introducing them into test vessels for a subsequent biodegradability test in an aqueous medium using standard methods.
The subsequent tests on biodegradability are primarily methods using the analysis of the released carbon dioxide described in ISO 9439 and the determination of the oxygen described in ISO 9408 and following the usual precautions for ISO 10707. Thus, one can notice that the methods measuring the removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are not appropriate.
This document does not specify the biodegradation test methods. It is restricted to describing techniques for introducing the test compounds into the test medium and to keeping them in a dispersed state[4]. These techniques are implemented while observing the experimental conditions described in the standardized methods for evaluating biodegradability. ISO 9439, based on CO2 evolution, is not suitable for testing volatile compounds.
Some of the preparation methods described in this document might not be accepted by regulators for making conclusions on the ready biodegradability of tested compounds.
Examples of biodegradability curves are given in Annex A.
- Standard23 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day