ECISS/TC 110 - Steel tubes, and iron and steel fittings

This document specifies the requirements for the design, performance and testing of fittings made of malleable cast iron (see also Clause 5, Materials) with compression ends for steel pipes.
This document applies to steel piping systems for different application fields, such as supply and distribution of gas, water for general purposes (e.g. irrigation) as well as for human consumption, aqueous liquids and pressurized air.
This document contains requirements and tests relating to compression fittings which can be connected to smooth walled steel pipes. The fittings can also incorporate other types of connection, such as threaded ends in conformance with EN 10226-1, flanged ends, compression ends for connection for pipes other than steel, and can also take on various structural shapes, such as straight adaptor piece, elbow or
T-piece. Their range of sizes covers nominal sizes DN 10 to DN 100 (fitting size 3/8 to 4).

This document specifies the technical delivery conditions in two test categories for seamless tubes of circular cross section, with specified elevated temperature properties, made of non-alloy and alloy steel.
This Part of EN 10216 is also be applied for tubes of non-circular cross section; necessary modification will be agreed at the time of enquiry and order.

This document specifies the technical delivery conditions for welded cold sized steel tubes of circular cross section with specified outside diameter D ≤ 193,7 mm and of square and of rectangular cross section for precision applications.
This document can also be applied to welded cold sized tube with other cross section shapes.
Tubes according to this document are characterized by having precisely defined tolerances on dimensions and a specified maximum surface roughness. Typical fields of application are in the automotive, furniture and general engineering industries.

This document specifies dimensions for metric ports for use with the adjustable and non-adjustable stud ends as described in ISO 6149‑2 and ISO 6149‑3.
Ports in accordance with this document can be used at working pressures up to 63 MPa (630 bar[1]) for non-adjustable stud ends and 40 MPa (400 bar) for adjustable stud ends. The permissible working pressure depends upon port size, materials, design, working conditions, application, etc. See ISO 6149‑2 and ISO 6149‑3 for pressure ratings.
NOTE      The Introduction of this document gives recommendations for ports and stud ends to be used for new designs in hydraulic fluid power applications.
[1] 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 105 Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2.

This document specifies the dimensions, performance requirements and test procedures for heavy-duty (S series) and light-duty (L series) stud ends with threads, and the elastomeric sealing (type E) that is used with them as defined in ISO 228-1.
Heavy-duty (S series) stud ends with type E sealing in accordance with this document can be used at working pressures up to 63 MPa (630 bar). Light-duty (L series) stud ends with type E sealing in accordance with this document can be used at working pressures up to 25 MPa (250 bar). The permissible working pressure depends upon size, materials, design, working conditions, application, etc.
This document is applicable to connectors detailed in ISO 8434-1, ISO 8434-2 and ISO 8434-6.
NOTE      The Introduction gives recommendations for ports and stud ends to be used for new designs in hydraulic and pneumatic fluid power applications.

This document specifies dimensions, tolerances, materials, internal and external surface characteristics, and marking of stainless steels longitudinally fusion welded tubes for the food and chemical industry.

This document specifies dimensions, tolerances, internal and external surface characteristics and marking of welded fittings for the food and chemical industry.

This document specifies the technical delivery requirements for seamless and welded butt welding fittings (elbows, concentric and eccentric reducers, equal and reducing tees, caps) made of carbon and alloy steel in two test categories which are intended for pressure purposes at room temperature, at low temperature or at elevated temperatures, and for the transmission and distribution of fluids and gases.
It specifies:
a)   type of fittings;
type A: Butt-welding fittings with reduced pressure factor;
type B: Butt-welding fittings for use at full service pressure;
b)   steel grades and their chemical compositions;
c)   mechanical properties;
d)   dimensions and tolerances;
e)   requirements for inspection and testing;
f)   inspection documents;
g)   marking;
h)   protection and packaging.
NOTE   The selection of the appropriate fitting (material, thickness) is the ultimate responsibility of the manufacturer of the pressure equipment (see European Legislation for Pressure Equipment). In the case of a harmonized supporting standard for materials, presumption of conformity to the ESRs is limited to technical data of materials in the standard and does not presume adequacy of the material to a specific item of equipment. Consequently, it is essential that the technical data stated in the material standard be assessed against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of the PED are satisfied.

This document specifies the technical delivery conditions in two test categories for seamless tubes of a circular cross section made of austenitic (including creep resisting steel) and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel which are intended for pressure and corrosion resisting purposes at room temperature, at low temperatures or at elevated temperatures.
NOTE   Once this document is published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU) under Directive 2014/68/EC, presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESR) of Directive 2014/68/EC is limited to technical data of materials in this document and does not presume adequacy of the material to a specific item of equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of the Pressure Equipment Directive are satisfied will be done by the designer or manufacturer of the pressure equipment, taking also into account the subsequent manufacturing processes which could affect properties of the base materials.

This document specifies the technical delivery conditions in two test categories for welded tubes of circular cross-section made of austenitic and austenitic-ferritic stainless steel which are intended for pressure and corrosion resisting purposes at room temperature, at low temperatures or at elevated temperatures.
NOTE   Once the reference of this document is published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU) under Directive 2014/68/EU, pressure equipment directive, presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESR) of Directive 2014/68/EU is limited to technical data of materials in this document and does not presume adequacy of the material to a specific item of equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of the Pressure Equipment Directive are satisfied, needs to be done by the designer of the pressure equipment, taking also into account the subsequent manufacturing processes which could affect properties of the base materials.

This document specifies uniform methods for the testing and performance evaluation of metallic tube connections, stud ends for ports and flange connections for use in hydraulic fluid power applications. This document does not apply to the testing of hydraulic quick-action couplings, which is covered by ISO 18869.
Tests outlined in this document are independent of each other and document the method to follow for each test. See the appropriate component International Standard for indications of which tests to conduct and for performance criteria.
For qualification of the connector, the minimum number of samples specified in this document is tested, unless otherwise specified in the relevant connector standard or as agreed upon by the manufacturer and the user.

This document specifies requirements for the manufacture of two product specification levels (PSL 1 and PSL 2) of seamless and welded steel pipes for use in pipeline transportation systems in the petroleum and natural gas industries.
This document supplements API Spec 5L, 46th edition (2018), the requirements of which are applicable with the exceptions specified in this document.
This document is not applicable to cast pipe.

This part of ISO 10893 specifies requirements for automated full peripheral magnetic flux leakage testing of seamless and welded ferromagnetic steel tubes, with the exception of submerged arc-welded (SAW) tubes, for the detection of imperfections. Unless otherwise specified in the purchase order, this part of ISO 10893 is applicable to the detection of predominantly longitudinal imperfections. This part of ISO 10893 is applicable to the inspection of tubes with an outside diameter equal to or greater than 10 mm. This part of ISO 10893 can also be applicable to the testing of hollow sections.

This document specifies the technical delivery conditions for two test categories of electric welded and submerged arc longitudinally (SAWL) or helically (SAWH) welded tubes of circular cross section, made from weldable fine grain steel.
NOTE 1   These tube grades are intended to support the essential requirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU in respect of pressure equipment covered under all relevant Categories as set out in Article 13 of that Directive.
NOTE 2   Once this standard is published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU), presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESR) of Directive 2014/68/EU is limited to the technical data for the materials in this standard and does not presume adequacy of the material for a specific item of pressure equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of a specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of the Pressure Equipment Directive are satisfied, needs to be done by the designer or manufacturer of the pressure equipment, taking also into account any subsequent processing procedures which may affect properties of the base materials.

This document specifies the technical delivery conditions for two test categories of electric welded tubes of circular cross section, with specified low temperature properties, made from non-alloy quality steel.
NOTE 1   These tube grades are intended to support the essential requirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU in respect of pressure equipment with specified low temperature properties covered under all relevant Categories as set out in Article 13 of that Directive.
NOTE 2   Once this standard is published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU), presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESR) of Directive 2014/68/EU is limited to the technical data for the materials in this standard and does not presume adequacy of the material for a specific item of pressure equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of the Pressure Equipment Directive are satisfied, needs to be done by the designer or manufacturer of the pressure equipment, taking also into account the subsequent manufacturing processes which may affect properties of the base materials.

This document specifies the technical delivery conditions for two test categories of electric welded tubes of circular cross section, with specified elevated temperature properties, made from non-alloy quality steel or alloy special steel.
NOTE 1   These tube grades are intended to support the essential requirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU in respect of pressure equipment with specified elevated temperature properties, covered under all relevant Categories as set out in Article 13 of that Directive.
NOTE 2   Once this standard is published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU), presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESR) of Directive 2014/68/EU is limited to the technical data for the materials in this standard and does not presume adequacy of the material for a specific item of pressure equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of a specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of the Pressure Equipment Directive are satisfied, needs to be done by the designer or manufacturer of the pressure equipment, taking also into account any subsequent processing procedures which may affect properties of the base materials.

This document specifies technical delivery conditions for two test categories of submerged arc longitudinally (SAWL) or helically (SAWH) welded tubes of circular cross section, with specified elevated temperature properties, made from non-alloy quality steel or alloy special steel.
NOTE 1   These tube grades are intended to support the essential requirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU in respect of pressure equipment covered under all relevant Categories as set out in Article 13 of that Directive.
NOTE 2   Once this standard is published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU), presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESR) of Directive 2014/68/EU is limited to the technical data for the materials in this standard and does not presume adequacy of the material for a specific item of pressure equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of the Pressure Equipment Directive are satisfied, needs to be done by the designer or manufacturer of the pressure equipment, taking also into account the subsequent manufacturing processes which may affect properties of the base materials.

This document specifies the technical delivery conditions for two test categories of submerged arc longitudinally (SAWL) or helically (SAWH) welded tubes of circular cross section, with specified low temperature properties, made from non-alloy quality steel.
NOTE 1   These tube grades are intended to support the essential requirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU in respect of pressure equipment with specified low temperature properties (see Table 5), covered under all relevant Categories as set out in Article 13 of that Directive.
NOTE 2   Once this standard is published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU), presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESR) of Directive 2014/68/EU is limited to the technical data for the materials in this standard and does not presume adequacy of the material for a specific item of pressure equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of the Pressure Equipment Directive are satisfied, needs to be done by the designer or manufacturer of the pressure equipment, taking also into account the subsequent manufacturing processes which may affect properties of the base materials.

This document specifies the technical delivery conditions for qualities TR1 and TR2 of electric welded and submerged arc welded tubes of circular cross section, with specified room temperature properties, made from non-alloy quality steel.
NOTE 1   Quality TR2 is intended to support the essential requirements of EU Directive 2014/68/EU in respect of pressure equipment with specified room temperature properties (see Table 5).
NOTE 2   Once this standard is published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU), presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESR) of Directive 2014/68/EU is limited to the technical data for the materials in this standard and does not presume adequacy of the material for a specific item of pressure equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of a specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of the Pressure Equipment Directive are satisfied, needs to be done by the designer or manufacturer of the pressure equipment, taking also into account any subsequent processing procedures which may affect properties of the base materials.

This document specifies requirements for film-based radiographic X-ray testing of the longitudinal or helical weld seams of automated fusion arc-welded steel tubes for the detection of imperfections.
It can also be applicable to the testing of circular hollow sections.
NOTE       As an alternative, see ISO 10893-7 for digital radiographic testing.

This document specifies the requirements for digital radiographic X-ray testing by either computed radiography (CR) or radiography with digital detector arrays (DDAs) of the longitudinal or helical weld seams of automatic fusion arc-welded steel tubes for the detection of imperfections. This document specifies acceptance levels and calibration procedures.
It can also be applicable to the testing of circular hollow sections.
NOTE       As an alternative, see ISO 10893-6 for film-based radiographic X-ray testing.

This document specifies requirements for plant-applied external three-layer polyethylene and polypropylene based coatings for corrosion protection of welded and seamless steel pipes for pipeline transportation systems in the petroleum and natural gas industries in accordance with ISO 13623.
NOTE       Pipes coated in accordance with this document are considered suitable for further protection by means of cathodic protection.

This document specifies the general and dimensional requirements for 24° cone connectors using cutting ring and O‑ring seal cone (referred to as DKO) suitable for use with ferrous and non‑ferrous tubes with outside diameters from 4 mm to 42 mm inclusive. These connectors are for use in fluid power and general applications within the limits of pressure and temperature specified in this document.
They are intended for the connection of plain end tubes and hose fittings to ports in accordance with ISO 6149‑1, ISO 1179‑1 and ISO 9974‑1. (See ISO 12151‑2 for a related hose fitting specification.)
These connectors provide full-flow connections in hydraulic systems operating to the working pressures shown in Table 1. Because many factors influence the pressure at which a system performs satisfactorily, these values are not intended to be understood as guaranteed minimums. For every application, sufficient testing is meant to be conducted and reviewed by both the user and manufacturer to ensure that required performance levels are met.
NOTE 1    For new designs in hydraulic fluid power applications, see the requirements given in 9.6. Where the requirements of the application allow for the use of elastomeric seals, connector designs that conform to International Standards and incorporate elastomeric sealing are preferred.
NOTE 2    For use under conditions outside the pressure and/or temperature limits specified, see 5.4.
This document also specifies a performance and qualification test for these connectors.

ISO 6149-4:2017 specifies dimensions and performance requirements for external hex and internal hex port plugs for use with ISO 6149‑1 ports.
Port plugs in accordance with this document can be used at working pressures up to 63 MPa (630 bar[1]). The permissible working pressure depends upon the plug end size, materials, design, working conditions, application, etc.
Conformance to the dimensional information in this document does not guarantee rated performance. Each manufacturer is expected to perform testing according to the specification contained in this document to assure that components comply with the performance ratings.
WARNING: The use of stud ends conforming to this document with ports conforming to the relevant parts of ISO 1179, ISO 9974 and ISO 11926 could lead to a hazardous situation.
[1] 1 bar = 0,1 MPa = 105 Pa; 1 MPa = 1 N/mm2.

ISO 21809-5:2017 specifies the requirements for qualification, application, testing and handling of materials required for the application of reinforced concrete coating externally to either bare pipe or pre-coated pipe for use in pipeline transportation systems for the petroleum and natural gas industries as defined in ISO 13623.
The external application of concrete is primarily used for the negative buoyancy of pipes used in buried or submerged pipeline systems and/or for the mechanical protection of the pipe and its pre-coating.
ISO 21809-5:2017 is applicable to concrete thicknesses of 25 mm or greater.

This European Standard specifies the technical delivery conditions for seamless cold drawn steel tubes of circular cross section used in hydraulic and pneumatic power systems.
Tubes according to this document are characterized by having precisely defined tolerances on dimensions and a specified maximum surface roughness.
The allowed pressure rates and upper temperatures are the responsibility of the customer in accordance with the state of the art and in application of the safety coefficients specified in the applicable regulations, codes or standards. Concerning the lower temperature range applicability the impact energy requirements are given at 0 °C.
NOTE   Once this standard is published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU) under Directive 97/23/EC, presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESRs) of Directive 97/23/EC is limited to technical data of materials in this standard and does not presume adequacy of the material to a specific item of equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of the Pressure Equipment Directive are satisfied, needs to be done.

This European Standard specifies the technical delivery conditions for welded cold drawn tubes of circular cross section for use in hydraulic and pneumatic power systems.
Tubes according to this part of EN 10305 are characterized by having precisely defined tolerances on dimensions and a specified surface roughness.
The allowed pressure rates and upper temperatures are the responsibility of the customer in accordance with the state of the art and in application of the safety coefficients specified in the applicable regulations, codes or standards. Concerning the lower temperature range applicability the impact energy requirements are given at 0 °C.
NOTE   Once this standard is published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU) under Directive 97/23/EC, presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESRs) of Directive 97/23/EC is limited to technical data of materials in this standard and does not presume adequacy of the material to a specific item of equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of the Pressure Equipment Directive are satisfied, needs to be done.

This European Standard specifies the technical delivery conditions for seamless cold drawn steel tubes of circular cross section for precision applications with specified outside diameter D ≤ 380 mm.
This document may also be applied to other types of cross sections.
Tubes according to this document are characterized by having precisely defined tolerances on dimensions and a specified maximum surface roughness. Typical fields of application are in the automotive, furniture and general engineering industries.

This European Standard specifies the technical delivery conditions for welded cold drawn steel tubes of circular cross section for precision applications with specified outside diameter D ≤ 150 mm.
This document may also be applied to other types of cross section.
Tubes according to this document are characterized by having precisely defined tolerances on dimensions and a specified maximum surface roughness. Typical fields of application are in the automotive, furniture and general engineering industries.

ISO 21809-3:2016 specifies requirements for field joint coating of seamless or welded steel pipes for buried and submerged sections of pipeline transportation systems used in the petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries as defined in ISO 13623. This part of ISO 21809 specifies the qualification, application and testing of the corrosion protection coatings applied to steel surfaces left bare after the joining of pipes and fittings (components) by welding.
ISO 21809-3:2016 defines and codifies in Table 1 the different types of field joint coatings for pipelines.
ISO 21809-3:2016 does not address requirements for additional mechanical protection, for thermal insulation or for joint infills of concrete weight-coated pipes.
NOTE          Field joints of pipes and fittings coated in accordance with this part of ISO 21809 are considered suitable for further protection by means of cathodic protection.

ISO 21809-2:2014 specifies the requirements for qualification, application, testing and handling of materials for plant application of single layer fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) coatings applied externally for the corrosion protection of bare steel pipe for use in pipeline transportation systems for the petroleum and natural gas industries as defined in ISO 13623.

This European Standard specifies the technical delivery conditions for two qualities TR1 and TR2 of seamless tubes of circular cross section with specified room temperature properties made of non-alloy quality steel.
NOTE   Once this standard is published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU) under Directive 97/23/EC, presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESR) of Directive 97/23/EC is limited to technical data of materials in this standard and does not presume adequacy of the material to a specific item of equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of the Pressure Equipment Directive are satisfied, needs to be done by the designer or manufacturer of the pressure equipment, taking also into account the subsequent manufacturing processes which may affect properties of the base materials.

This European Standard specifies the technical delivery conditions in two test categories for seamless tubes of circular cross section, with specified low temperature properties, made of non-alloy and alloy steel.
NOTE   Once this standard is published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU) under Directive 97/23/EC, presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESR) of Directive 97/23/EC is limited to technical data of materials in this standard and does not presume adequacy of the material to a specific item of equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of the Pressure Equipment Directive are satisfied, needs to be done by the designer or manufacturer of the pressure equipment, taking also into account the subsequent manufacturing processes which may affect properties of the base materials.

This European Standard specifies the technical delivery conditions in two test categories for seamless tubes of circular cross section, made of weldable alloyed fine grained steel.
NOTE   Once this standard is published in the Official Journal of the European Union (OJEU) under Directive 97/23/EC, presumption of conformity to the Essential Safety Requirements (ESR) of Directive 97/23/EC is limited to technical data of materials in this standard and does not presume adequacy of the material to a specific item of equipment. Consequently, the assessment of the technical data stated in this material standard against the design requirements of this specific item of equipment to verify that the ESRs of the Pressure Equipment Directive are satisfied, needs to be done by the designer or manufacturer of the pressure equipment, taking also into account the subsequent manufacturing processes which may affect properties of the base materials.

ISO 8496:2013 specifies a method for a ring tensile test of tubes to reveal surface and internal defects by subjecting the test piece to strain until fracture occurs. This test may also be used to assess the ductility of tubes.
The ring tensile test is applicable to tubes having an outside diameter exceeding 150 mm and a wall thickness no greater than 40 mm. The inside diameter shall be greater than 100 mm.

ISO 8492:2013 specifies a method for determining the ability of metallic tubes of circular cross-section to undergo plastic deformation by flattening. It may also be used to reveal the defects in the tubes.
ISO 8492:2013 is applicable to tubes having an outside diameter no greater than 600 mm and a thickness no greater than 15 % of the outside diameter. The range of the outside diameter or thickness, for which this International Standard is applicable, may be more exactly specified in the relevant product standard.

ISO 8495:2013 specifies a method for a ring-expanding test on tubes, that is used to reveal defects both on the surfaces and within the tube wall by expanding the test piece using a conical mandrel until fracture occurs. It may be also used to assess the ability of tubes to undergo plastic deformation.
The ring-expanding test is applicable to tubes having an outside diameter from 18 mm up to and including 150 mm and a wall thickness from 2 mm up to and including 16 mm.

ISO 1179-1:2013 specifies dimensions for ports with ISO 228‑1 threads for use with non-adjustable stud ends described in ISO 1179‑2, ISO 1179‑3 and ISO 1179‑4 and with adjustable stud ends described in ISO 1179‑3.
Ports in accordance with ISO 1179-1:2013 are applicable for use with ISO 1179‑2 heavy-duty (S series) stud ends with type E sealing at working pressures up to 63 MPa (630 bar) and light-duty (L series) stud ends at working pressures up to 25 MPa (250 bar), ISO 1179‑3 light-duty (L series) stud ends with type G sealing at working pressures up to 31,5 MPa (315 bar), and with ISO 1179‑3 light-duty (L series) adjustable stud ends with type H sealing at working pressures up to 20 MPa (200 bar), and ISO 1179‑4 stud ends with type B sealing at working pressures up to 40 MPa (400 bar) for the S series, up to 25 MPa (250 bar) for the L series, and up to 10 MPa (100 bar) for the LL series, except for the G2 size port, which in hydraulic fluid power systems is used mainly with accumulators and for which ISO 1179‑3 and ISO 1179‑4 do not specify stud ends. The permissible working pressure depends upon size, materials, design, working conditions, application, etc.

ISO 8494:2013 specifies a method for determining the ability of metallic tubes of circular cross-section to undergo plastic deformation during flange formation.
ISO 8494:2013 is intended for tubes having an outside diameter no greater than 150 mm and a wall thickness no greater than 10 mm, although the range of diameters or wall thickness for which ISO 8494:2013 is applicable may be more exactly specified in the relevant product standard.

This part of EN 10294 specifies the technical delivery conditions for seamless hollow bars made of austenitic (including creep resisting steels) and austenitic-ferritic (duplex) stainless steels, with specified machinability properties, intended for the manufacture of engineering components by machining.

ISO 10893-9:2011 specifies requirements for the automated ultrasonic testing of strip/plate used in the manufacture of welded tubes for the detection of laminar imperfections carried out in the pipe mill before or during pipe production.
ISO 10893-9:2011 can also be applicable to the testing of strips/plates used in the manufacture of circular hollow sections.