25.180.10 - Electric furnaces
ICS 25.180.10 Details
Electric furnaces
Elektroofen
Fours electriques
Električne peči
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IEC/IEEE 62395-2:2024 provides detailed recommendations for the system design, installation, maintenance and repair of electrical resistance trace heating systems in industrial and commercial applications. This document does not include or provide for any applications in potentially explosive atmospheres.
This standard cancels and replaces IEC 62395-2:2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This standard includes the following significant technical changes with respect to IEC 62395-2:2013:
a) Design considerations for trace heating on sprinkler systems have been expanded and a figure has been added to illustrate how to avoid undue shadowing of spray patterns from insulated sprigs close to sprinkler heads;
b) Specific details of design considerations for trace heating for emergency eyewash units and safety showers have been added.
This document is published as an IEC/IEEE Dual Logo standard.
- Standard88 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC/IEEE 62395-1:2024 specifies requirements for electrical resistance trace heating systems and includes general test requirements.
This first edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes, apart from general revisions of IEC 62395-1 and harmonization with IEEE 515 [1] and IEEE 515.1 [2], with respect to the previous edition:
a) Added control and monitoring requirements for fire sprinkler systems and safety showers.
b) Provided a supplemental ice bath method for verification of rated output.
c) Provided constructional and type test requirements for glands used to terminate heating devices to an exposed enclosure.
- Standard64 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This part of IEC 60519 is applicable to equipment using high frequency or microwave energy alone or in combination with other kinds of energy for industrial heating and processing of materials. It is also applicable to HF and MW generators made available to users as separate units.
This part is applicable to equipment operating in the frequency range 3 MHz to 300 GHz, with the following limitations.
- This standard applies to only high frequency dielectric heating and processing as defined in 3.1.103. It does not apply to induction heating, which it is possible to carry out in the lower part of the specified frequency band and is covered by IEC 60519-3, with magnetic field safety aspects addressed in IEC TS 62997:2017.
- The ISM centre frequencies for dielectric heating and processing of industrial interest are narrow bands about 6,78 MHz, 13,56 MHz, 27,12 MHz and 40,68 MHz. Different field emission measurement procedures and limiting values are applicable, depending on the processing frequency in the high frequency range 3 to 300 MHz. Specifications are in Annex BB.
- Since the wavelength of the high end of the microwave band at 300 GHz is very short and particular leakage measurement instrumentation is needed for the low end of the band, the microwave emission specification in Annex CC applies only for the ISM frequencies between 800 MHz and 6 GHz. The centre frequencies of these are 2,45 GHz and 5,8 GHz universally, and between 896 MHz and 918 MHz in some regions. For other microwave frequencies, IEC 62311:2019 applies.
- The foundations for compliance with emission values are the basic restrictions, referred to in the bibliography. However, maximum HF processing frequency electric and magnetic field values are taken from the IEEE/ANSI C95.1-2019 standard, as indicated in Annex BB.
- This standard is not applicable to:
- appliances for household and similar use (covered by e.g. IEC 60335-2-25:2020)
- commercial use (covered by IEC 60335-2-90:2015+AMD1:2019 and IEC 60335-2-110:2013+AMD1:2019)
- laboratory use (covered by IEC 61010-2-010:2019)
- medical high frequency equipment and accessories (covered by IEC 60601-2-2:2017)
NOTE 101 Since high frequency and microwave tunnel ovens and also some other types of microwave and high frequency equipment may be intended either for commercial, laboratory or industrial use, the following criteria are suitable for determination of the classification as industrial equipment:
- commercial equipment is typically designed and planned for series production of many identical units, whereas industrial equipment is typically produced in small series or even as single units. The processed goods are consumed or ready for final use at the end of the heating process.
- laboratory heating equipment is for preparing material in a laboratory environment, and the processed material is immediately available for investigations or further processing. Regular production of large quantities of material is not foreseen.
- with industrial equipment, the processed goods are not immediately accessible to the end user, and the goods may additionally not be in a final state from the perspective of the end user.
- Standard70 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60676:2024 This document specifies the basic test procedures, conditions and methods for establishing the main performance parameters and the main operational characteristics of furnaces for direct arc heating, forming arcs between the electrode and metal, such as electric arc furnaces using alternating current (EAF AC) or direct current (EAF DC), and ladle furnaces (LF), with rated power level above 500 kVA .
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2011. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The structure has been redrafted according to IEC 60398:2015.
b) The scope has been redrafted.
c) The terms/definitions, normative references and bibliography have been updated and completed.
d) The test methods and content from IEC 60398:2015 have been confirmed, replaced, or complemented with regards to direct arc furnaces (EAF, LF).
e) The annexes from IEC 60398:2015 have been confirmed, replaced, or complemented with regards to direct arc furnaces (EAF, LF).
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60676:2024 This document specifies the basic test procedures, conditions and methods for establishing the main performance parameters and the main operational characteristics of furnaces for direct arc heating, forming arcs between the electrode and metal, such as electric arc furnaces using alternating current (EAF AC) or direct current (EAF DC), and ladle furnaces (LF), with rated power level above 500 kVA . This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2011. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) The structure has been redrafted according to IEC 60398:2015. b) The scope has been redrafted. c) The terms/definitions, normative references and bibliography have been updated and completed. d) The test methods and content from IEC 60398:2015 have been confirmed, replaced, or complemented with regards to direct arc furnaces (EAF, LF). e) The annexes from IEC 60398:2015 have been confirmed, replaced, or complemented with regards to direct arc furnaces (EAF, LF).
- Standard41 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60676:2024 This document specifies the basic test procedures, conditions and methods for establishing the main performance parameters and the main operational characteristics of furnaces for direct arc heating, forming arcs between the electrode and metal, such as electric arc furnaces using alternating current (EAF AC) or direct current (EAF DC), and ladle furnaces (LF), with rated power level above 500 kVA .
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2011. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The structure has been redrafted according to IEC 60398:2015.
b) The scope has been redrafted.
c) The terms/definitions, normative references and bibliography have been updated and completed.
d) The test methods and content from IEC 60398:2015 have been confirmed, replaced, or complemented with regards to direct arc furnaces (EAF, LF).
e) The annexes from IEC 60398:2015 have been confirmed, replaced, or complemented with regards to direct arc furnaces (EAF, LF).
- Standard77 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 63078:2019 specifies the test procedures, conditions and methods for determining the main performance parameters and operational characteristics of induction through-heating installations. Measurements and tests that are solely used for the verification of safety requirements of the installations are outside the scope of this document and are covered by IEC 60519-1 and IEC 60519-3.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of IEC 60519 is applicable to equipment using high frequency or microwave energy alone or in combination with other kinds of energy for industrial heating and processing of materials. It is also applicable to HF and MW generators made available to users as separate units. This part is applicable to equipment operating in the frequency range 3 MHz to 300 GHz, with the following limitations. - This document applies to only high frequency dielectric heating and processing as defined in 3.1.103. It does not apply to induction heating, which it is possible to carry out in the lower part of the specified frequency band and is covered by IEC 60519-3, with magnetic field safety aspects addressed in IEC TS 62997:2017, the latter to be replaced by a technical report (TR) or by a revised technical specification (TS). - The ISM centre frequencies for dielectric heating and processing of industrial interest are narrow bands about 6,78 MHz, 13,56 MHz, 27,12 MHz and 40,68 MHz. Different field emission measurement procedures and limiting values are applicable, depending on the processing frequency in the high frequency range 3 to 300 MHz. Specifications are in Annex BB. - This document specifies limits for microwave emission only for the ISM frequencies between 800 MHz and 6 MHz, as specified in Annex CC. For other microwave frequencies the basic restriction and IEC 62311 apply. - The foundations for compliance with emission values are the basic restrictions, referred to in the IEEE/ANSI C95.1:2019 and Directive 2013/35/EU. However, maximum HF processing frequency electric and magnetic field values are taken from the IEEE/ANSI C95.1:2019 standard, as indicated in Annex BB. - This document is not applicable to: -- appliances for household and similar use (covered by e.g. IEC 60335-2-25); -- commercial use (covered by IEC 60335-2-90 and IEC 60335-2-110); -- laboratory use (covered by IEC 61010-2-010); -- medical high frequency equipment and accessories (covered by IEC 60601-2-2). NOTE 101 Since high frequency and microwave tunnel ovens and also some other types of microwave and high frequency equipment are sometimes intended either for commercial, laboratory or industrial use, the following criteria are suitable for determination of the classification as industrial equipment: - commercial equipment is typically designed and planned for series production of many identical units, whereas industrial equipment is typically produced in small series or even as single units. The processed goods are consumed or ready for final use at the end of the heating process. - laboratory heating equipment is for preparing material in a laboratory environment, and the processed material is immediately available for investigations or further processing. Regular production of large quantities of material is not foreseen. - with industrial equipment, the processed goods are not immediately accessible to the end user, and the goods are sometimes not in a final state from the perspective of the end user.
- Standard70 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of IEC 60519 provides particular safety requirements for arc furnace installations. This
document deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant
to industrial arc furnace installations, as listed in Annex A, for normal operation and for single
fault condition as well as under conditions of reasonably foreseeable misuse.
This document specifies the requirements intended to be met by the manufacturer to ensure
the safety of persons and property during the complete life cycle of the equipment from design
through commissioning, operation, maintenance, inspection, to decommissioning, as well as in
the event of foreseeable single fault condition that can occur in the equipment.
The rated voltage of arc furnace installation can be in the range of low voltage or high voltage,
details are given in 4.2.
This standard is applicable to arc furnace installations such as:
a) furnaces for direct arc heating, forming arcs between the electrode and metal such as the
electric arc furnace using alternating current (EAF AC) or direct current (EAF DC), and the
ladle furnace (LF);
b) furnaces for arc-resistance heating forming arcs between the electrode and the charge
material or heating the charge material by the Joule effect, such as the submerged arcresistance furnace using alternating current (SAF AC), or direct current (SAF DC).
NOTE 1 In some documents, the terms "smelter" or "electrical reduction furnace" are used.
Furnace installation for unattended operation is not covered by this document.
This document does not provide requirements for type testing.
NOTE 2 Industrial equipment covered by this document is typically produced as a single unit or a very small number
of units; such unit usually has a very high value and can cause severe harm at disintegration.
This document does not address data security and hazards arising from neglect of security.
With respect to noise of electrical an arc furnace, ISO 13578:2017, 6.1.23 applies.
EAF DC and SAF DC are classified as zero frequency (0 Hz) equipment types. EAF AC, SAF
AC and LF are classified as mains frequency (50 Hz or 60 Hz) equipment types. Furnaces being
operated at frequencies outside of the above-mentioned equipment types are not covered by
this document.
- Standard57 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of IEC 60519 provides particular safety requirements for arc furnace installations. This document deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to industrial arc furnace installations, as listed in Annex A, for normal operation and for single fault condition as well as under conditions of reasonably foreseeable misuse. This document specifies the requirements intended to be met by the manufacturer to ensure the safety of persons and property during the complete life cycle of the equipment from design through commissioning, operation, maintenance, inspection, to decommissioning, as well as in the event of foreseeable single fault condition that can occur in the equipment. The rated voltage of arc furnace installation can be in the range of low voltage or high voltage, details are given in 4.2. This standard is applicable to arc furnace installations such as: a) furnaces for direct arc heating, forming arcs between the electrode and metal such as the electric arc furnace using alternating current (EAF AC) or direct current (EAF DC), and the ladle furnace (LF); b) furnaces for arc-resistance heating forming arcs between the electrode and the charge material or heating the charge material by the Joule effect, such as the submerged arc resistance furnace using alternating current (SAF AC), or direct current (SAF DC). NOTE In some documents the terms smelter or electrical reduction furnace are used. Furnace installation for unattended operation is not covered by this standard. This document does not provide requirements for type testing. NOTE Industrial equipment covered by this document is typically produced as a single unit or a very small number of units; such unit usually has a very high value and can cause severe harm at disintegration. This document does not address data security and hazards arising from neglect of security. With respect to noise of electrical an arc furnace, ISO 13578:2017, 6.1.23 applies.
- Standard57 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60519-6:2022 is applicable to equipment using high frequency or microwave energy alone or in combination with other kinds of energy for industrial heating and processing of materials. It is also applicable to HF and MW generators made available to users as separate units.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2011.
This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
the structure has been redrafted according to the IEC 60519-1:2020;
the scope and object have been redrafted;
the terms/definitions, normative references and bibliography have been updated and completed;
all requirements and content from IEC 60519-6:2011 which are included in IEC 60519-1:2020 were removed to avoid any duplication;
inclusion of high frequency equipment which was previously covered by IEC 60519-9:2005 (withdrawn). This edition constitutes an extension to high frequency equipment.
- Standard138 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60519-4:2021 provides particular safety requirements for arc furnace installations. This document deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to industrial arc furnace installations, as listed in Annex A, for normal operation and for single fault condition as well as under conditions of reasonably foreseeable misuse.
This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
the structure has been redrafted according to IEC 60519-1:2020;
the scope and object have been redrafted;
the terms and definitions, normative references and bibliography have been updated and completed;
the requirements have been redrafted according to IEC 60519-1:2020;
all provisions have been redrafted and the text is more concise with respect to submerged arc furnace installations;
the annexes have been restructured, with respect to details concerning high voltage designs and non-electrical issues, however to be aware of in those installations;
the aspect of noise has been removed from the scope;
the EMC requirements have been clarified;
risk classification of hazards have been based on emission;
the boundaries to ISO 13577 (all parts) and ISO 13578 have been clarified.
- Standard110 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
- Standard3 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60519-12:2016 specifies safety requirements for industrial electroheating equipment and installations in which infrared radiation – usually generated by infrared emitters – is significantly dominating over heat convection or heat conduction as means of energy transfer to the workload. A further limitation of the scope is that the infrared emitters have a maximum spectral emission at longer wavelengths than 780 nm in air or vacuum, and are emitting wideband continuous spectra such as by thermal radiation or high pressure arcs. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a. the structure has been redrafted according to IEC 60519-1:2015; b. terms/definitions, normative references and bibliography have been updated and completed; c. all requirements and content from IEC 60519-12:2013 that have been included in IEC 60519-1:2015 have been removed to avoid any duplication.
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Standard36 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This International Standard specifies the test procedures, conditions and methods for
determining the main performance parameters and operational characteristics of electroslag
remelting furnaces.
Measurements and tests that are solely used for the verification of safety requirements of the
installations are outside the scope of this document and are covered by IEC 60519-1 and
IEC 60519-8.
This document applies to industrial electroslag remelting furnaces, the rated capacity of which
is equal to, or greater than, 50 kg.
This document is applicable to industrial electroslag remelting furnaces having one or more
electrodes and having different melting power supplies, such as alternating current, direct
current, or low-frequency current.
This document includes the concept and material on energy efficiency dealing with the electrical
and processing parts of the installations, as well as the overall performance.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60779:2020 specifies the test procedures, conditions and methods for determining the main performance parameters and operational characteristics of electroslag remelting furnaces. Measurements and tests that are solely used for the verification of safety requirements of the installations are outside the scope of this document and are covered by IEC 60519-1 and IEC 60519-8. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2005. It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - the structure has been redrafted according to IEC 60398:2015; - the scope and object have been redrafted; - the terms/definitions, normative references and bibliography have been updated and completed; - all test methods and content from IEC 60779:2005 that have been included in IEC 60398:2015 have been removed to avoid any duplication.
- Standard26 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of IEC 60519 specifies particular safety requirements for electroslag remelting
equipment and installations.
This document specifies safety requirements applicable to mainly electroheating installations
for remelting and, in some cases, for refining processes of metals through direct resistance
heating of a conductive slag.
The object of this document is to specify the particular requirements for the safety of persons
in or around an electroslag remelting furnace. The general requirements are included in
IEC 60519-1.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60519-8:2020 specifies particular safety requirements for electroslag remelting equipment and installations. This document specifies safety requirements applicable to mainly electroheating installations for remelting and, in some cases, for refining processes of metals through direct resistance heating of a conductive slag. The object of this document is to specify the particular requirements for the safety of persons in or around an electroslag remelting furnace. The general requirements are included in IEC 60519-1. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2005. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) the structure has been redrafted according to IEC 60519-1:2020; b) the Scope has been redrafted; c) the terms and definitions, normative references and bibliography have been updated and completed; d) all requirements and content from IEC 60519-8:2005 that have been included in IEC 60519‑1:2020 have been removed to avoid any duplication.
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60779:2020 specifies the test procedures, conditions and methods for determining the main performance parameters and operational characteristics of electroslag remelting furnaces.
Measurements and tests that are solely used for the verification of safety requirements of the installations are outside the scope of this document and are covered by IEC 60519-1 and IEC 60519-8.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2005. It constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- the structure has been redrafted according to IEC 60398:2015;
- the scope and object have been redrafted;
- the terms/definitions, normative references and bibliography have been updated and completed;
- all test methods and content from IEC 60779:2005 that have been included in IEC 60398:2015 have been removed to avoid any duplication.
- Standard46 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
This part of IEC 60519 specifies the general safety requirements for industrial installations or
equipment intended for electroheating (EH) and electroheating based treatment
technologies as well as for electromagnetic processing of materials (EPM). This document
deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to
industrial EH and EPM equipment, as listed in Annex A, for normal operation and for single
fault condition as well as under conditions of reasonably foreseeable misuse.
This document specifies the requirements intended to be met by the manufacturer to ensure
the safety of persons and property during the complete life cycle of the equipment from design
through commissioning, operation, maintenance, inspection, to decommissioning, as well as
in the event of foreseeable single fault condition that can occur in the equipment.
The rated voltage of EH and EPM equipment can be in the range of low voltage; details are
given in 4.2.
This document does not apply to equipment and appliances within the scope of
– IEC 60079 (all parts) – i.e. equipment intended for use in potentially explosive
atmospheres;
– IEC 60335 (all parts) – i.e. household, commercial and similar electrical appliances,
including room heating;
– IEC 60601 (all parts) – i.e. medical electrical equipment;
– IEC 60974 (all parts) – i.e. arc welding equipment;
– IEC 61010 (all parts) – i.e. equipment for laboratory use.
This document does not provide requirements for type testing.
NOTE Industrial equipment covered by this document is typically produced as a single unit or a very small number
of units; such unit usually has a very high value and can cause severe harm at disintegration.
This document does not address data security and hazards arising from neglect of security.
- Standard105 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60519-1:2020 is available as IEC 60519-1:2020 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.IEC 60519-1:2020 specifies the general safety requirements for industrial installations or equipment intended for electroheating (EH) and electroheating based treatment technologies as well as for electromagnetic processing of materials (EPM). This document deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to industrial EH and EPM equipment, as listed in Annex A, for normal operation and for single fault condition as well as under conditions of reasonably foreseeable misuse. This sixth edition cancels and replaces the fifth edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - removal of noise from the scope; - clarification of EMC requirements; - risk classification of hazards based on emission for all processing frequencies; - clarification of boundaries between IEC 60519 (all parts) and ISO 13577 (all parts).
- Standard105 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60519-8:2020 specifies particular safety requirements for electroslag remelting equipment and installations.
This document specifies safety requirements applicable to mainly electroheating installations for remelting and, in some cases, for refining processes of metals through direct resistance heating of a conductive slag.
The object of this document is to specify the particular requirements for the safety of persons in or around an electroslag remelting furnace. The general requirements are included in IEC 60519-1.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2005. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) the structure has been redrafted according to IEC 60519-1:2020;
b) the Scope has been redrafted;
c) the terms and definitions, normative references and bibliography have been updated and completed;
d) all requirements and content from IEC 60519-8:2005 that have been included in IEC 60519‑1:2020 have been removed to avoid any duplication.
- Standard50 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60519-1:2020 is available as IEC 60519-1:2020 RLV which contains the International Standard and its Redline version, showing all changes of the technical content compared to the previous edition.
IEC 60519-1:2020 specifies the general safety requirements for industrial installations or equipment intended for electroheating (EH) and electroheating based treatment technologies as well as for electromagnetic processing of materials (EPM). This document deals with the significant hazards, hazardous situations or hazardous events relevant to industrial EH and EPM equipment, as listed in Annex A, for normal operation and for single fault condition as well as under conditions of reasonably foreseeable misuse. This sixth edition cancels and replaces the fifth edition published in 2015. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- removal of noise from the scope;
- clarification of EMC requirements;
- risk classification of hazards based on emission for all processing frequencies;
- clarification of boundaries between IEC 60519 (all parts) and ISO 13577 (all parts).
- Standard343 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard208 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
EN-IEC 62282-8-201 defines the evaluation methods of typical performances for electricenergy storage systems using hydrogen. This is applicable to the systems that useelectrochemical reaction devices for both power charge and discharge. This document appliesto systems that are designed and used for service and operation in stationary locations (indoorand outdoor).The conceptual configurations of the electric energy storage systems using hydrogen are shownin Figure 1 and Figure 2. Figure 1 shows the system independently equipped with an electrolysermodule and a fuel cell module. Figure 2 shows the system equipped with a reversible cellmodule. There are an electrolyser, a hydrogen storage and a fuel cell, or a reversible cell, ahydrogen storage and an overall management system (which may include a pressuremanagement) as indispensable components. There may be a battery, an oxygen storage, a heatmanagement system (which may include a heat storage) and a water management system(which may include a water storage) as optional components. The performance measurement isexecuted in the area surrounded by the outside thick solid line square (system boundary).NOTE In the context of this document, the term "reversible" does not refer to the thermodynamic meaning of an idealprocess. It is common practice in the fuel cell community to call the operation mode of a cell that alternates betweenfuel cell mode and electrolysis mode "reversible".This document is intended to be used for data exchanges in commercial transactions betweenthe system manufacturers and customers. Users of this document can selectively execute testitems suitable for their purposes from those described in this document.
- Standard38 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 63078:2019 specifies the test procedures, conditions and methods for determining the main performance parameters and operational characteristics of induction through-heating installations.
Measurements and tests that are solely used for the verification of safety requirements of the installations are outside the scope of this document and are covered by IEC 60519-1 and IEC 60519-3.
- Standard71 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
lEC 60320-1:2015 sets the general requirements for appliance couplers for two poles and two poles with earth contact and for the connection of electrical devices for household and similar onto the mains supply. This part of lEC 60320 is also valid for appliance inlets/appliance outlets integrated or incorporated in appliances. The rated voltage does not exceed 250 V (a.c.) and the rated current does not exceed 16 A. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2001 and Amendment 1:2007. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Standard sheets moved from IEC 60320-1 to IEC 60320-3.
b) Clarification of requirements for non-standardized appliance couplers.
This bilingual version (2016-11) corresponds to the monolingual English version, published in 2015-06. The French version of this standard has not been voted upon.
The contents of the corrigenda of January 2016 and May 2019 have been included in this copy.
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- Standard125 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
- Standard252 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60398:2015 specifies the basic test procedures, conditions and methods for establishing the main performance parameters and the main operational characteristics of industrial installations and equipment intended for electroheating (EH) or electromagnetic processing of materials (EPM). This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 60398 published in 1999 and the first edition of IEC TS 62796 published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - the title and scope of the standard have been expanded to include installations and equipment for electromagnetic processing of materials; - the requirements have been restructured; - tests concerning safety have been moved to IEC 60519-1; - new tests and clauses addressing energy efficiency considerations have been added; - a new annex placing this standard in the context of energy efficiency assessment as developed by ISO and IEC has been added; - new annexes addressing visual display of data, estimation of energy use and energy recoverability of fluids have been added.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62798:2014 specifies test procedures, conditions and methods according to which the main parameters and the main operational characteristics of industrial infrared emitters are established. A limitation of the scope of this standard is that the infrared emitters have a maximum spectral emission at longer wavelengths than 780 nm in air or vacuum, and are emitting wideband continuous spectra such as by thermal radiation or high pressure arcs.
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC TS 62996:2017(E) addresses the safety assessments in the frequency range between 1 kHz and 6 MHz and provides limits for touch and touch currents for industrial installations or equipment for electroheating (EH) and electromagnetic processing of materials (EPM). Indirect contact by capacitive currents to parts of an earthed human body in an open space are also included, since the current is then distributed analogously in the part of the body and differs from cases of induced electric shock.
- Technical specification42 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC/TS 62997:2017(E) specifies the characteristics of external magnetic nearfields, computations of and requirements on induced electric fields in body tissues in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 6 MHz with respect to induced electric shock phenomena, for electroheating (EH) based treatment technologies and for electromagnetic processing of materials (EPM). The phenomena include specific absorption rates with time integration.
- Technical specification69 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
IEC 62090:2017 applies to labels on the packaging of electronic components for automatic handling in B2B processes. These labels use linear bar code and two-dimensional (2D) symbols. Labels for direct product marking and shipping labels are excluded. Labels required on the packaging of electronic components that are intended for the retail channel of distribution in B2C processes are also excluded from this document.
Bar code and 2D symbol markings are used, in general, for automatic identification and automatic handling of components in electronics assembly lines. Intended applications include systems that automate the control of component packages during production, inventory and distribution.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) Applicable data elements have been added. Data identifiers of those data elements are “10D”, “14D”, ”2P”, “25L”, “18V”, “V”, “J”, “3S”, “13E”, “33L” and “34L”.
b) The following new informative annexes have been added:
- Annex C, URL;
- Annex D, Examples of data element short titles;
- Annex E, Package levels for component package labels.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard64 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60519-12:2016 specifies safety requirements for industrial electroheating equipment and installations in which infrared radiation – usually generated by infrared emitters – is significantly dominating over heat convection or heat conduction as means of energy transfer to the workload. A further limitation of the scope is that the infrared emitters have a maximum spectral emission at longer wavelengths than 780 nm in air or vacuum, and are emitting wideband continuous spectra such as by thermal radiation or high pressure arcs. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a. the structure has been redrafted according to IEC 60519-1:2015;
b. terms/definitions, normative references and bibliography have been updated and completed;
c. all requirements and content from IEC 60519-12:2013 that have been included in IEC 60519-1:2015 have been removed to avoid any duplication.
- Standard67 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC/TS 62395-2:2008 provides detailed recommendations for the system design, installation, maintenance and repair of electrical resistance trace heating systems in industrial and commercial applications. Pertains to trace heating systems that may comprise either factory constructed or field (work-site) assembled units, and which may be series heater cables, parallel heater cables, heater pads or heater panels that have been assembled and/or terminated in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions for connection to voltage supplies up to and including 450 V/750 V.
- Standard89 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62395-1:2013 specifies requirements for electrical resistance trace heating systems and includes general test requirements. This second edition cancels and replaces the previous edition published in 2006 and constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - Tests have been added for trace heating on sprinkler systems; - The flammability test has been changed to align with the latest draft of future IEC/IEEE 60079-30-1; - A supplementary test has been added for the verification of sheath temperature using trace heating mounted on a plate fixture.
- Standard47 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60519-4:2013 provides particular safety requirements for electric arc furnace installations and its operating and maintenance personnel. These safety provisions concern the protection of persons and the environment against dangers of electrical origin and also against certain dangers of non-electrical origin. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2006. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - The structure has been amended and adjusted to IEC 60519-1:2010; - The classification (Clause 4) has been adapted to details with respect to secondary voltage in electric arc furnace installations; - All provisions have been redrafted and the text is more concise with respect to EAF; - Annexes AA, BB and CC have been restructured, with respect to details concerning high voltage designs and non-electrical issues, however to be aware of in those installations.
- Standard27 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62693:2013 specifies test procedures, conditions and methods according to which the main parameters and the main operational characteristics of industrial infrared electroheating installations are established. A limitation of the scope is that the infrared emitters have a maximum spectral emission at longer wavelengths than 780 nm in air or vacuum, and are emitting wideband continuous spectra such as by thermal radiation or high pressure arcs.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60519-10:2013 provides safety requirements for electrical resistance trace heating systems used in industrial and commercial applications for piping, vessels, roofs, concrete slab heating and other similar applications. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2005. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: - The structure has been amended and adjusted to IEC 60519-1:2010; - References to IEC 62395-1 and IEC 62395-2 have been completed.
- Standard20 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This International Standard specifies the basic test procedures, conditions and methods for
establishing the main performance parameters and the main operational characteristics of
industrial installations and equipment intended for electroheating (EH) or electromagnetic
processing of materials (EPM).
Measurements and tests that are solely used for the verification of safety requirements of
equipment for EH or for EPM are outside the scope of this standard and are covered by the
IEC 60519 series.
This standard is applicable for the commissioning, verification of design improvements or for
energy related tasks including benchmarking with respect to energy use or energy efficiency,
establishing of an energy baseline, and labelling. Some concepts from this standard can
directly be used as key performance indicators.
Detailed tests for specific types of EH or EPM equipment and installations are beyond the
scope of this standard and are provided in particular test standards for EH or EPM equipment.
This standard is intended as general reference for all future test standards applicable to
particular EH or EPM equipment or installations.
This standard includes the concept and material presented in IEC TS 62796 on energy
efficiency dealing with the electrical and processing parts of the equipment, as well as the
overall performance.
- Standard39 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This part of EN 50156 applies to the requirements for design, development and approval of safetyrelevant
equipment for the safety related system for furnaces that are operated with solid, liquid or
gaseous fuels and their ancillary equipment.
This part of EN 50156 specifies the requirements for safety-related equipment that is necessary to
meet the safety conditions of furnaces, to reduce the hazards of combustion and to protect the heated
systems from damage e.g. by overheating. Subsystems and devices of other technologies, which are
part of the safety-related system (see EN 50156-1:2015, 3.38), are covered by this part of EN 50156.
This part of EN 50156 sets out special requirements for design, development and approval of safety
devices and subsystems to satisfy the requirements of EN 50156-1:2015, Clause 10 “Additional
requirements for the application of a safety-related system”.
- Standard16 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
- Corrigendum1 pageEnglish and French languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This International Standard specifies test procedures, conditions and methods according to
which the main parameters and the main operational characteristics of industrial infrared
emitters are established.
A limitation of the scope of this standard is that the infrared emitters have a maximum spectral
emission at longer wavelengths than 780 nm in air or vacuum, and are emitting wideband
continuous spectra such as by thermal radiation or high pressure arcs.
IEC 60519-1:2010 [1] 1 defines infrared as optical radiation within the frequency range
between about 400 THz and 300 GHz. This corresponds to the wavelength range between
780 nm and 1 mm in vacuum. Industrial infrared heating usually uses infrared sources with
rated temperatures between 500 °C and 3 000 °C; the emitted radiation from these sources
dominates in the wavelength range between 780 nm and 10 μm.
Industrial infrared emitters under the scope of this standard typically use the Joule effect for
the conversion of electric energy in one or several sources into infrared radiation, which is
emitted from one or several elements. Such infrared emitters are especially
– thermal infrared emitters in the form of tubular, plate-like or otherwise shaped ceramics
with a resistive element inside;
– infrared quartz glass tube or halogen lamp emitters with a hot filament as a source;
– non-insulated elements made from molybdenum-disilicide, silicon-carbide, iron-chromiumaluminium
alloys or comparable materials;
– wide-spectrum arc lamps.
This standard is not applicable to
– infrared emitters which are lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs);
– infrared emitters for use by the general public;
– infrared emitters for laboratory use.
Most of the tests described, especially the destructive tests, are for type testing.
The tests specified in this standard are intended to be used for evaluating or comparing the
performance of emitters belonging to the same category.
Tests related to performance of industrial infrared electroheating installations are specified in
IEC 62693:2013.
Most tests specified in this standard are applicable to wide-spectrum arc lamps, but not all.
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 60398:2015 specifies the basic test procedures, conditions and methods for establishing the main performance parameters and the main operational characteristics of industrial installations and equipment intended for electroheating (EH) or electromagnetic processing of materials (EPM). This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 60398 published in 1999 and the first edition of IEC TS 62796 published in 2013. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- the title and scope of the standard have been expanded to include installations and equipment for electromagnetic processing of materials;
- the requirements have been restructured;
- tests concerning safety have been moved to IEC 60519-1;
- new tests and clauses addressing energy efficiency considerations have been added;
- a new annex placing this standard in the context of energy efficiency assessment as developed by ISO and IEC has been added;
- new annexes addressing visual display of data, estimation of energy use and energy recoverability of fluids have been added.
- Standard76 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60519-1:2015 specifies general safety requirements for industrial installations or equipment intended for electroheating (EH) and electroheating based treatment technologies as well as for electromagnetic processing of materials (EPM). This fifth edition cancels and replaces the fourth edition published in 2010. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The title and scope of the standard has been expanded to include installations and equipment for electromagnetic processing of materials.
b) Terms and definitions as well as the list of normative references have been updated and completed with new items.
c) The requirements have been restructured.
d) Additional requirements for electric and magnetic fields, for touch currents as well as for optical radiation have been added.
e) New clauses addressing verification have been added.
f) New annexes specifying limits of exposure hazards for electric and magnetic fields, optical radiation, noise and vibration have been added.
g) New annexes on EMC, markings and warnings, guidelines for using this standard and information on the connection to ISO 13577-1 have been added.
- Standard198 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 60676:2011 specifies test procedures, conditions and methods according to which the main parameters and the main operational characteristics of electric arc furnaces (EAF) operated either with alternating current (EAFac) or with direct current (EAFdc) with a capacity above 500 kg/heat are established. This third edition cancels and replaces the previous edition published in 2002 and constitutes a technical revision. Significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition are as follows: - Clause 1 (Scope and object) - types of furnaces are more clearly defined. - Clause 2 (Normative references) and Clause 3 (Terms and definitions) have been updated and completed. - New Clause 4 (Features of the EAFsystem) has been added; it mainly concentrates on the tests necessary for high-voltage / high-current electrical equipment in the installation. - Clause 5 (Type of tests and general conditions of their performance) and Clause 6 (Technical tests) have been modified according to today's requirements for safe operation of an EAF.
- Standard22 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This International Standard specifies test procedures, conditions and methods according to which the main parameters and the main operational characteristics of a submerged-arc furnace (SAF) with rated electrical power levels above 500 kVA are established. This standard is applicable to SAF with one or more electrodes. In order to determine further technical or economic assessments, additional tests may be necessary. Tests for some special equipment for semiconductor converter controlled furnaces, such as controlled rectifiers or controlled a.c. converters, are covered by IEC 60146-1-1.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
Specifies procedures to compare two observed[
][
]- failure rates;[
]- failure intensities;[
]- rates/intensities of relevant events.[
][
]The procedures are used to determine whether an apparent difference between the two sets of observations can be considered statistically significant.[
][
]Numerical methods and a graphical procedure are prescribed. Simple practical examples are provided to illustrate how the procedures can be applied.
- Standard10 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
- Corrigendum1 pageEnglish and French languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
IEC 62798:2014 specifies test procedures, conditions and methods according to which the main parameters and the main operational characteristics of industrial infrared emitters are established. A limitation of the scope of this standard is that the infrared emitters have a maximum spectral emission at longer wavelengths than 780 nm in air or vacuum, and are emitting wideband continuous spectra such as by thermal radiation or high pressure arcs. The contents of the corrigendum of November 2014 have been included in this copy.
- Standard97 pagesEnglish and French languagesale 15% off
IEC 61307:2011 specifies test methods for the determination of the available microwave output power and the efficiency of frequency conversion from the electrical input in industrial microwave heating installations. This standard also specifies test methods for assessing the microwave power deposition in the microwave workload - the microwave workload power, in microwave-only installations. This standard is applicable to industrial microwave heating equipment and installations in the frequency range from 300 MHz to 300 GHz. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2006. It constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: a) it covers how to measure not only the microwave power output of all typical equipment designs, but also the system efficiency, including the standby and hibernation modes; b) the handling of the former A and B types of equipment is replaced by measurements of the available microwave power output and microwave workload power, respectively.
- Standard17 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day
This International Standard specifies test procedures, conditions and methods according to which the main parameters and the main operational characteristics of industrial infrared electroheating installations are established. A limitation of the scope is that the infrared emitters have a maximum spectral emission at longer wavelengths than 780 nm in air or vacuum, and are emitting wideband continuous spectra such as by thermal radiation or high pressure arcs. In industrial infrared electroheating installations, infrared radiation is usually generated by infrared emitters and infrared radiation is significantly dominating over heat convection or heat conduction as means of energy transfer to the workload. IEC 60519-1:2010 defines infrared as optical radiation within the frequency range between about 400 THz and 300 GHz. This corresponds to the wavelength range between 780 nm and 1 mm in vacuum. Industrial infrared heating usually uses infrared sources with rated temperatures between 500 °C and 3000 °C; the emitted radiation from these sources dominates in the wavelength range between 780 nm and 10 μm. Installations under the scope of this standard typically use the Joule effect for the conversion of electric energy inside one or several sources into infrared radiation emitted onto the workload. Such infrared emitters are especially - thermal infrared emitters in the form of tubular, plate-like or otherwise shaped ceramics with a resistive element inside; - infrared quartz glass tube or halogen lamp emitters with a hot filament as a source; - non insulated elements made from molybdenum disilicide, silicon carbide or comparable materials; - restive metallic heating elements made e.g. from nickel based alloys or iron-chromiumaluminium alloys; - wide-spectrum arc lamps. This standard is not applicable to - infrared installations with lasers or light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as main sources - they are covered by IEC 62471:2006, IEC 60825-1:2007 and IEC/TR 60825-9:1999; - appliances for use by the general public; - appliances for laboratory use - they are covered by IEC 61010-1:2010; - electroheating installations where resistance heated bare wires, tubes or bars are used as heating elements, and infrared radiation is not a dominant side effect of the intended use, covered by IEC 60519-2:2006; - infrared heating equipment with a nominal combined electrical power of the infrared emitters of less than 250 W; • handheld infrared equipment. The tests are intended to be used to enable a fair comparison of the performance of installations belonging to the same class. Tests related to safety of the installations are defined in IEC 60519-12:2013. Tests related to the performance of infrared electroheating emitters are specified in IEC 62798:- . Therefore, this standard is applicable to ovens and furnaces with resistive heating elements if they fall under the scope of this standard.
- Standard33 pagesEnglish languagesale 10% offe-Library read for1 day