TC 78 - Live working

IEC 62819:2022 is applicable to eye, face and head protectors used in work where there is a risk of exposure to an electric arc hazard. Such protectors consist of one or several devices (e.g. hood, goggles, balaclavas, face shields, helmets, etc.), which might need to be combined together in order to give protection to eye, face and head for the intended use. This document covers the performance requirements for protectors and single protective devices considering thermal, optical and mechanical hazards of an electric arc. The product covered by this document can have an impact on the environment during some or all stages of its life cycle. These impacts can range from slight to significant, be short-term or long-term, and occur at the global, regional or local level. This document does not include requirements and test provisions for the manufacturers of the product or recommendations to the users of the product for environmental improvement. However, all parties intervening in its design, manufacture, packaging, distribution, use, maintenance, repair, reuse, recovery and disposal are invited to take account of environmental considerations. Products designed and manufactured in accordance with this document contribute to the safety of the users provided they are used by skilled persons, in accordance with safe methods of work and the instructions for use.
The contents of the corrigendum of March 2024 have been included in this copy.

IEC 61318:2021 This document defines methods to assess defects and to verify that products after the manufacturer process meet the requirements of the corresponding product standard.
The principles of assessment of defects for live working products are detailed in this document to assist product standard developers in prescribing the best means to achieve suitable quality of every finished tool, device and piece of equipment.
The following elements are not covered by the present document, but are included in each product standard:
– type tests;
– provisions and description for routine, sampling and acceptance tests;
– identification and classification of defects;
– risk analysis.
This document does not cover conformity assessment of commercial shipments or certifications.
This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition published in 2007. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) change of the purpose of the document from a prescriptive testing standard to a standard assisting the project team in the conformance to respective product standard.
b) introduction of conformance test, record of process, quality control documentation, adapted to the standard product.
c) change of prescribed sampling procedure to adapted sampling tests to the product standard.
d) suppression of the term “conformity assessment”.
e) Introduction of the term “verification method” replacing “conformity assessment application”.

IEC 61243-1:2021 is applicable to portable voltage detectors, with or without built-in power sources, to be used on electrical systems for voltages of 1 kV to 800 kV AC, and frequencies of 50 Hz and/or 60 Hz.
This document applies only to voltage detectors of capacitive type used in contact with the bare part to be tested, as a complete device including its insulating element or as a separate device, adaptable to an insulating stick which, as a separate tool, is not covered by this document (see 4.4.2.1 for general design).
Other types of voltage detectors are not covered by this document.
Self ranging voltage detectors (formally "multi range voltage detectors") are not covered by this document.
Some restrictions or formal interdictions on their use are applicable in case of switchgear of IEC 62271 series design, due to insulation coordination, on overhead line systems of electrified railways (see Annex B) and systems without neutral reference. For systems without neutral reference, the insulating level is adapted to the maximum possible voltage to the earth (ground).
Products designed and manufactured according to this document contribute to the safety of users provided they are used by persons trained for the work, in accordance with the hot stick working method and the instructions for use.
Except where otherwise specified, all the voltages defined in this document refer to values of phase-to-phase voltages of three-phase systems. In other systems, the applicable phase-to-phase or phase-to-earth (ground) voltages are used to determine the operating voltage.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2003 and Amend-ment 1:2009. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) The scope is more precise, stating that only bare contact to the part to be tested is reliable for these contact voltage detectors. The rationale is that tests on painted or coated conductors have led to wrong indications, as this non-conductive paint or coat acts as a capacitor with different capacity according to the thickness. This capacity has an effect on the threshold voltage.
b) A contact probe is introduced as a new type of non-conductive contact electrode.
c) A new type "exclusively outdoor type" has been defined and implemented into the requirements and test procedure.
d) A selector for voltage and frequency is allowed if foreseeable misuse is excluded.
e) The marking for voltage detectors with low interference voltage has been made more precise.
f) The indication groups have been made more precise and requirements and tests for the "ready to operate state" and "stand-by state" added.
g) Requirements and tests for electromagnetic compatability have been implemented.
h) An example for good electrical connection for the tests is introduced.

IEC 61472-2:2021 specifies a method for determining the electrical component of the minimum approach distances for live working, for AC systems 1 kV up to and including 72,5 kV. This document addresses system overvoltages and the working air distances between equipment and/or workers at different potentials.
The withstand voltage and minimum approach distances determined by the method described in this document can be used only if the following working conditions prevail:
workers are trained for, and skilled in, working live lines or close to live conductors or equipment;
the operating conditions are adjusted so that the statistical overvoltage does not exceed the value selected for the determination of the required withstand voltage;
transient overvoltages are the determining overvoltages;
tool insulation has no continuous film of moisture present on the surface;
no lightning is observed within 10 km of the work site;
allowance is made for the effect of the conducting components of tools.

IEC 60895:2020 is applicable to conductive clothing, worn during live working (especially bare-hand working) on AC and DC electrical installations, to provide electrical continuity between all parts of the clothing and a reduction of electric field inside the clothing.
This document is applicable to conductive clothing assembled from a conductive garment (jackets and trousers or coveralls forming a one-piece garment) and from conductive component parts (gloves, hoods or helmets, shoes or boots, overshoe socks and socks) in electrical systems with nominal voltage up to 1 000 kV AC and up to ±800 kV DC.
This document does not indicate values of protection from the effects of the electric arc, because any value indicated would not guarantee the necessary protection from the effects of electric arcs, or the operator would need to wear very heavy and rigid conductive clothing, which would not allow the execution of the work in safety.
The products designed and manufactured according to this document contribute to the safety of the users provided they are used by persons trained for the work, in accordance with the live working methods and the instructions for use.
This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 2002. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) increase of the use up to 1 000 kV AC and ±800 kV DC;
b) introduction of two classes of conductive clothing with different electrical requirements;
c) revision of the electrical requirements of conductive clothing;
d) definition of specific resistance values for each component part of the conductive clothing;
e) introduction of conductive helmet and conductive scarf as component parts of conductive clothing;
f) introduction of mechanical requirements and new tests for fabrics;
g) update of the cleaning test procedures;
h) revision of the efficiency test of the conductive clothing to improve the feasibility and repeatability;
i) preparation of the elements of classification of defects, and general application of IEC 61318:2007;
j) the normative Annex B for the classification of tests has been replaced by normative Annex C for the general type tests procedure, the normative Annex D for the classification of defects and the informative Annex E providing the justification for the classification of defects;
k) the normative Annex C on sampling procedure has been deleted (not applicable according to IEC 61318:2007);
l) modification of the recommended frequency of the periodic tests.

IEC 61482-1-1:2019 specifies test method procedures to determine the arc rating of flame resistant clothing materials and garments or assemblies of garments intended for use in clothing for workers if there is an electric arc hazard.
An open arc under controlled laboratory conditions is used to determine the values of ELIM, ATPV or EBT of materials, garments or assemblies of garments.
NOTE 1 The user can, if he desires, classify the arc protective performance into arc rating protection levels based on ELIM, ATPV and/or EBT values which correspond best to the different hazard and risks levels that can result from the user’s risk analysis.
NOTE 2 This document is not dedicated to classifying the arc protective performance of the material and clothing into arc protection classes. Procedures determining these arc protection classes APC1 and APC2 are specified in IEC 61482 1-2, which uses a constrained arc for testing.
NOTE 3 This test method is not intended and not appropriate to evaluate whether materials or garments are flame resistant or not, as this is covered in IEC 61482-2.
Other effects than the thermal effects of an electric arc like noise, light emissions, pressure rise, hot oil, electric shock, the consequences of physical and mental shock or toxic influences are not covered by this document.
Protective clothing for work intentionally using an electric arc, e.g. arc welding, plasma torch, is not covered by this document.
This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2009. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- addition of the Incident energy limit (ELIM) as a further arc rating performance property value;
- replacement of char length requirement in the scope by indication that Procedure A is applicable for testing of materials meeting the limited flame spread requirements of IEC 61482-2;
- clarification of the definition and the meaning of the Stoll curve;
- modification of specification of positioning of monitor sensors with respect to the electric arc as function of intended high incident energy exposure of test specimens;
- modification of specifications of monitor sensor construction;
- specification of black paint;
- elimination of calorimeters from the chest of the mannequin;
- specification for possible positioning of mannequin(s) at a height different from the centre of the electric arc and possible turning in order to adequately expose all parts of the garment or clothing which would affect performance;
- more explicit description of requirements for data acquisition system;
- preconditioning of the samples;
- modification of requirements for apparatus and arc exposure verification by bare shots;
- more explicit description of test procedures A and B, in particular the subclauses dealing with “sequence of test”, “test parameter” and “test criteria”;
- addition of determination of arc rating values of garments and/or garmet assemblies.
Key words: Protective Clothing, Thermal Hazards, Open Arc, Arc Rating

IEC 60900:2018 is applicable to insulated, insulating and hybrid hand tools used for working live or close to live parts at nominal voltages up to 1 000 V AC and 1 500 V DC. The products designed and manufactured according to this document contribute to the safety of the users provided they are used by skilled persons, in accordance with safe methods of work and the instructions for use (where appropriate). This document has been prepared in accordance with the requirements of IEC 61477 where applicable. The products covered by this document may have an impact on the environment during some or all stages of its life cycle. These impacts can range from slight to significant, be of short term or long-term duration, and occur at the global, regional or local level. This document does not include requirements and test provisions for the manufacturers of the products, or recommendations to the users of the products for environmental improvement. This fourth edition cancels and replaces the third edition, published in 2012. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) addition of a third category of tools has been added, namely hybrid hand tools;
b) introduction of a new informative Annex A on examples of insulated, insulating and hybrid hand tools.
Key words: Live Working, Insulated, Insulating, Hand Tools
The contents of the corrigendum of January 2019 and May 2020 have been included in this copy.

IEC 61482-2:2018 is applicable to protective clothing used in work where there is the risk of exposure to an electric arc hazard. This document specifies requirements and test methods applicable to materials and garments for protective clothing for electrical workers against the thermal hazards of an electric arc. Electric shock hazard is not covered by this document, which is applicable in combination with standards covering such hazards. Other effects than the thermal effects of an electric arc like noise, light emissions, pressure rise, hot oil, electric shock, the consequences of physical and mental shock or toxic influences are not covered by this document. Protection of eyes, face, head, hands and feet against electric arc hazard is not covered by this document. Requirements and tests to cover electric arc hazards to these parts of the body are under development. Protective clothing for work intentionally using an electric arc, e.g. arc welding, plasma torch, is not covered by this document. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2009. This edition constitutes a technical revision. This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: new definition for ELIM, ATPV and EBT as used in accordance with IEC 61482-1-1:–; new requirements for the thermal stability of the intermediate layers; additional material requirement for volume resistance; new test procedure for the thermal resistance of sewing threads and a new symbol for marking.
Key words: Electric Arc, Protective Clothing, Arc Thermal Protection

IEC 61057:2017 is applicable to insulating aerial devices for mounting on a chassis, to be used for live working on electrical installations at nominal voltages above 1 000V r.m.s. AC in the range 45 Hz to 65 Hz and 1 500V DC. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1991 and IEC TS 61813:2000. This edition constitutes a technical revision.
This edition includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
a) general review of the requirements and test provisions;
b) preparation of the elements of evaluation of defects, and general application of IEC 61318:2007;
c) distinguishes between tests for hollow booms and those for foam filled booms;
d) references ISO 16368 for particular mechanical tests;
e) further information on vacuum protection and leakage current monitoring and a mandatory requirement that aerial devices for bare hand work be fitted with a permanently installed lower test electrode system;
f) controls of high electrical resistance;
g) reference to SAE for insulating hydraulic hoses;
h) inclusion of IEC TS 61813 for care, maintenance and in-service testing of aerial devices with insulating booms.

IEC TR 61328:2017(E) provides recommendations for the selection and testing where necessary of conductor stringing equipment and accessory items used for the installation of bare and insulated overhead distribution conductors, bare overhead transmission conductors and overhead earth wires. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2003 and IEC TR 61911:2003. It incorporates some technical changes to update equipment work methods and procedures, bringing them in line with the state of the art.

IEC TR 61243-6:2017(E) is applicable to portable non-contact voltage detectors (NCVD) with built-in power source, to be used to indicate the presence or the absence of the operating voltage on electrical systems for nominal voltages above 1 kV AC and frequencies of 16 2/3 Hz, 50 Hz and/or 60 Hz. This document describes only devices, and their behaviour, using electric field and voltage gradient detection principles even if other principles could be used. It provides performance guidelines, recommendations for use and recommended minimum criteria for selection.

IEC 60855-1:2016 is applicable to insulating foam-filled tubes and solid rods, of a circular cross-section, made of synthetic materials with reinforced fibreglass and intended to be used in the manufacture and construction of tools, devices and equipment for carrying out live working on electrical systems operating at voltages above 1 kV. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2009. This edition constitutes a technical revision.

IEC 61481-2:2014 is applicable to portable phase comparators of resistive type to be used on electrical systems for voltages from 1 kV a.c. to 36 kV a.c. and frequencies of 50 Hz and/or 60 Hz. This standard is applicable to phase comparators of resistive type used in contact with the bare conductive parts to be compared as a complete device including its insulating element or as a separate device, adaptable to an insulating stick which, as a separate tool, is not covered by this standard. A device that is designed to provide other functions than phase comparison is a different device and is not covered by this standard. For example a device designed to be also used as a voltage detector is not covered by this standard. This first edition, together with the first edition of IEC 61481-1, cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61481 published in 2001, Amendment 1:2002 and Amendment 2:2004. This edition constitutes a technical revision which includes the following major changes:
- split of the standard in two parts;
- review of the requirements for indication;
- elimination of class C (+/- 110°);
- introduction of a requirement for a new marking "LU" for limited use;
- increase of the specified range of voltage fluctuation in a network for clear indication;
- and revision of the existing annexes.

IEC 61481-1:2014 is applicable to portable phase comparators of capacitive type to be used on electrical systems for voltages exceeding 1 kV a.c. and frequencies of 50 Hz and/or 60 Hz. This standard is applicable to single-pole phase comparators of capacitive type operating with a memory system up to 36 kV a.c., and two-pole phase comparators of capacitive type operating with a wireless connection up to 245 kV a.c. This standard is applicable to phase comparators of capacitive type used in contact with the bare conductive parts to be compared as a complete device including its insulating element or as a separate device, adaptable to an insulating stick which, as a separate tool, is not covered by this standard. A device that is designed to provide other functions than phase comparison is a different device and is not covered by this standard. For example a device designed to be also used as a voltage detector is not covered by this standard. This first edition, together with the first edition of IEC 61481-2, cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 61481 published in 2001, Amendment 1:2002 and Amendment 2:2004. This edition constitutes a technical revision including the following major changes:
- split of the standard in two parts;
- extension of the scope to include two-pole phase comparators operating with a wireless connection up to 245 kV a.c.;
- review of the requirements for indication;
- introduction of a requirement for a new marking "LU" for limited use;
- and revision of existing annexes. The contents of the corrigendum of July 2015 have been included in this copy.

IEC 61482-1-2:2014 specifies procedures to test material and garments intended for use in heat and flame-resistant clothing for workers if there is an electric arc hazard. A directed and constrained electric arc in a test circuit is used to classify material and clothing in two defined arc protection classes. This International Standard is not dedicated toward measuring the arc rating values (ATPV, ELIM, or EBT). Procedures determining these arc rating values are prescribed in IEC 61482-1-1, using an open arc for testing. Other effects than the thermal effects of an electric arc like noise, light emissions, pressure rise, hot oil, electric shock, the consequences of physical and mental shock or toxic influences are not covered by this standard. Protective clothing for work intentionally using an electric arc, e.g. arc welding, plasma torch, is not covered by this standard. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 2007. This edition constitutes a technical revision which includes the following significant technical changes with regard to the previous edition:
- new mean values of main control parameters arc energy and incident energy based on an extended statistical database consisting of parameter values measured in four laboratories;
- reduction of validity check ranges of main control parameters;
- determination of the incident energy by averaging the two sensor values of a test (instead of considering each single sensor value);
- determination of the heat curves of transmitted incident energy and an amendment to the heat flux acceptance criterion;
- clarification of the scope;
- and selection of the arc protection classes (test classes) by the amount of the arc energy and incident energy instead of the short-circuit current.

IEC 61243-3:2014 is applicable to hand-held two-pole voltage detectors with their accessories (crocodile clips and detachable leads) to be used in contact with parts of electrical systems for a.c. voltages not exceeding 1 000 V at nominal frequencies between 16 2/3 Hz and up to 500 Hz, and/or for d.c. voltages not exceeding 1 500 V. Contact electrode extensions are not covered by this standard. Voltage detectors covered by this standard are intended to be used under dry and humid conditions, both indoor and outdoor. They are not intended to be used under rain conditions. Voltage detectors covered by this standard are not intended to be used for continuous operation. Voltage detectors covered by this standard are intended to be used up to 2 000 m above sea level. This standard also includes provisions for the following supplementary functions when available:
- phase indication;
- rotating field indication;
- and continuity check. Other supplementary functions are not covered by this standard. Voltage detectors covered by this standard are not considered as measuring devices. Relevant safety requirements for measuring devices are included in IEC 61010 series. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition published in 2009. It is a technical revision which includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition:
- requirement and test to manage interference voltages at power frequencies;
- and informative annex on voltage detectors and the presence of interference voltages.
The contents of the corrigendum of January 2015 and May 2015 have been included in this copy.

IEC 60903:2014 is applicable to electrical insulating gloves and mitts that provide protection of the worker against electric shock. This standard also covers electrical insulating gloves with additional integrated mechanical protection referred to in this document as "composite gloves". This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 60903, published in 2002. It constitutes a technical revision which includes the following major changes:
- clarification of the requirements and tests for long gloves;
- introduction of a new special property for gloves resistant to leakage current;
- removal of the requirement for an area to mark the date of inspection;
- the d.c. electric tests are no longer included in the normative part of the document but a proof test is suggested at the production level in a new informative Annex E;
- preparation of the elements of evaluation of defects, and general application of IEC 61318:2007;
- introduction of a new normative Annex H on classification of defects;
- and introduction of a new informative Annex I on the rationale for the classification of defects.

IEC 60984:2014 is applicable to electrical insulating sleeves for the protection of workers from accidental contact with live electrical conductors, apparatus or circuits. The products designed and manufactured according to this standard contribute to the safety of the users provided they are used by skilled persons, in accordance with safe methods of work and the instructions for use. Unless otherwise stated, in this standard the term "sleeve" is used for "electrical insulating sleeve". This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 1990 and its Amendment 1 published in 2002. It constitutes a technical revision which includes the following major changes:
- removal of the requirement for an area to mark the date of inspection;
- only the straight mounting method with water electrodes is specified for the dielectric type test;
- the d.c. electric tests are no longer included in the normative part of the document, but a new informative Annex E is added;
- preparation of the elements of evaluation of defects, and general application of IEC 61318:2007;
- in the new normative Annex F, updating of the characteristics of the liquid specified for tests on sleeves of category H, according to the latest edition of ISO 1817;
- introduction of a new normative Annex G on classification of defects;
- introduction of a new informative Annex H on the rationale for the classification of defects;
- and for periodic electrical retesting, recommended voltage limit of the dielectric test methods to 10 kV except in case of the test method with water electrodes and straight mounting.

IEC 60743:2013 applies to the terminology used to describe tools, devices, equipment and methods used in live working. It standardizes the name of tools, devices and equipment and permits their identification by providing definitions and illustrations. It contains some example illustrations. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 2001, and its Amendment 1:2008.This edition constitutes a technical revision which includes the following significant technical changes with respect to the previous edition: the clause 2 has been simplified and refers directly to IEC 60050-651; some definitions have been moved to specific existing clauses. This new edition is complementary to IEC 60050-651. Different publications under the responsibility of TC 78 include terms and its definitions. IEC 60050-651 (IEV 651) provides precise, brief and correct definitions of internationally accepted concepts in the field of live working, and specifies the terms by which these defined concepts are known. Electropedia gives access to the terms and definitions of IEC 60050-651 (http://www.electropedia.org/). Each product standard gives definitions necessary for the understanding of certain terms used in a specific context. The IEC Glossary (http://std.iec.ch/glossary) gives on-line access to the information.

IEC 61472:2013 describes a method for calculating the minimum approach distances for live working, at maximum voltages between 72,5 kV and 800 kV. This standard addresses system overvoltages and the working air distances or tool insulation between parts and/or workers at different electric potentials. The required withstand voltage and minimum approach distances calculated by the method described in this standard are evaluated taking into consideration
- if the workers are trained for, and skilled in, working in the live working zone;
- if the anticipated overvoltages do not exceed the value selected for the determination of the required minimum approach distance;
- if transient overvoltages are the determining overvoltages;
- if tool insulation has no continuous film of moisture or measurable contamination present on the surface;
- if no lightning is seen or heard within 10 km of the work site;
- if allowance is made for the effect of conducting components of tools; and
- if the effect of altitude, insulators in the gap, etc, on the electric strength is taken into consideration. For conditions other than the above, the evaluation of the minimum approach distances may require specific data, derived by other calculation or obtained from additional laboratory investigations on the actual situation. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition of IEC 61472 published in 2004. It constitutes a technical revision. Significant changes with regard to the second edition are:
- the clarification of the scope;
- the review of the definitions;
- the clarification of the methodology of determining whether live working is permissible and the calculation of the minimum approach distances;
- the modification of the basic equation for calculation of the minimum approach distance; and
- the introduction of Table 1 for altitude correction factor simplification ka. The contents of the corrigendum of October 2015 have been included in this copy.

IEC 60900:2012 is applicable to insulated and insulating hand tools used for working live or close to live parts at nominal voltages up to 1 000 V a.c. and 1 500 V d.c. This third edition cancels and replaces the second edition, published in 2004. This edition constitutes a technical revision and includes the following significant technical changes with regard to the previous edition:
- general review of the requirements and test provisions;
- preparation of the elements of evaluation of defects, and general application of IEC 61318:2007 (Ed.3);
- deletion of Annexes D and E, not applicable according to IEC 61318 Ed.3;
- introduction of a new normative Annex D on chronology of type tests;
- and introduction of a new normative Annex F on classification of defects.

IEC 61236:2010 applies to saddles, stick clamps and their accessories, used for live working. The products designed and manufactured according to this standard contribute to the safety of the users provided they are used by skilled persons, in accordance with safe methods of work and the instructions for use. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1993. It constitutes a technical revision. It includes the following significant technical changes from the previous edition:
- clarification of the requirements and of the test provisions;
- addition of a test for the durability of marking;
- application of conformity assessment for products having completed the production phase, according to IEC 61318:2007 (Ed. 3).

IEC 60832-2:2010 gives the essential requirements for devices that can be attached onto and removed from the fitting of the insulating sticks for live working, for use on a.c. electrical installations. Products designed and manufactured according to this standard contribute to the safety of the users provided they are used by skilled persons, in accordance with safe methods of work and the instructions for use. IEC 60832-1:2010 and IEC 60832-2:2010 cancel and replace the first edition of IEC 60832 published in 1988. The two parts have been created to clearly separate the requirements and testing of insulating sticks from those of attachable universal devices. Compared to IEC 60832, the major changes included in IEC 60832-2 are:
- updating of the list of devices;
- clarifying the applicability of the document to other attachment system than splined end-fitting;
- application of conformity assessment for products having completed the production phase, according to IEC 61318:2007 (Edition 3), focusing on the classification of defects and the introduction of alternative testing in case of production follow-up.

IEC 60832-1:2010 gives the essential requirements for insulating sticks for live working for use on a.c. electrical installations. The products designed and manufactured according to this standard contribute to the safety of the users provided they are used by skilled persons, in accordance with safe methods of work and the instructions for use. IEC 60832-1:2010 and IEC 60832-2:2010 cancel and replace the first edition of IEC 60832 published in 1988. The two parts have been created to clearly separate the requirements and testing of insulating sticks from those of attachable devices. Compared to IEC 60832, the major changes included in IEC 60832-1 are:
- integration of a cold impact test on the end fitting;
- creation of an electrical category of end fittings;
- integration of a test of the dielectric strength of internal insulation;
- modification of the dye penetration test (disappearance of fuchsine);
- application of conformity assessment for products having completed the production phase, according to IEC 61318:2007 (Edition 3), focusing on the classification of defects and the introduction of alternative testing in case of production follow-up.

IEC 61243-3:2009 is applicable to hand-held two-pole voltage detectors with its accessories (crocodile clips and detachable leads) to be used in contact with parts of electrical systems:
- for a.c. voltages not exceeding 1 000 V at nominal frequencies between 16 2/3 Hz and up to 500 Hz, and/or
- for d.c. voltages not exceeding 1 500 V.
Voltage detectors covered by this standard are intended to be used under dry and humid conditions, both indoor and outdoor. They are not intended to be used under rain conditions. Voltage detectors covered by this standard are not intended to be used for continuous operation. Voltage detectors covered by this standard are intended to be used up to 2 000 m above sea level. Voltage detectors covered by this standard are not considered as measuring devices. Relevant safety requirements for measuring devices are included in IEC 61010 series. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1998. It is a technical revision.

IEC 60855-1:2009 is applicable to insulating foam-filled tubes and solid rods, of a circular cross-section, made of synthetic materials and intended to be used for the manufacture and construction of tools and equipment for carrying out live work on electrical systems operating at voltages above 1 kV. Tubes and rods of cross-section other than circular are not covered by this part of IEC 60855. This first edition of IEC 60855-1 cancels and replaces the first edition of IEC 60855 published in 1985; and constitutes a technical revision. Technical committee 78 is considering the preparation of IEC 60855-2, which would cover tubes and rods of cross-section other than circular.

IEC 61243-1:2003+A1:2009 is applicable to portable voltage detectors, with or without built-in power sources, to be used on electrical systems for voltages of 1 kV to 765 kV a.c., and frequencies of 50 Hz and/or 60 Hz. This part applies only to voltage detectors of capacitive type used in contact with the part to be tested, as a complete device including its insulating element or as a separate device, adaptable to an insulating stick which, as a separate tool, is not covered by this standard (see 4.4.1 for general design). The contents of the corrigendum of October 2005 have been included in this copy. This consolidated version consists of the second edition (2003) and its amendment 1 (2009). Therefore, no need to order amendment in addition to this publication.

IEC 61482-1-1:2009 specifies test methods to measure the arc thermal performance value of materials intended for use in heat- and flame-resistant clothing for workers exposed to the thermal effects of electric arcs and the function of garments using these materials. These test methods measure the arc thermal performance value of materials which meet the following requirements: less than 100 mm char length and less than 2 s afterflame after removal from flame, when tested in accordance with ISO 15025, procedure B (bottom-edge ignition) on the outer material, and the char length measured using a modified ISO method as described in Annex A. These methods are used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, assemblies or garments, in response to convective and radiant energy generated by an electric arc in open air under controlled laboratory conditions. The materials used in these methods are in the form of flat specimens for method A and garments for method B. Method A is used to determine the arc rating of materials and material assemblies when tested in a flat configuration. Method B is used to measure garment response, not arc rating, to an arc exposure including all the garment findings, sewing thread, fastenings, fabrics and other accessories when tested on a male mannequin torso. Method B is also used for accident replication.

IEC 61482-2:2009 is applicable to protective clothing used in work if there is an electric arc hazard. Specifies requirements and test methods applicable to materials and garments for protective clothing for electrical workers against the thermal hazards of an electric arc based on:
- relevant general properties of the textiles, tested with selected textile test methods, and
- arc thermal resistance properties, such as:
a) the arc rating of materials (ATPV or EBT50), when tested with an open electric arc under defined laboratory conditions according to IEC 61482-1-1, or
b) the arc protection class of materials and garments (Class 1 or Class 2), when tested with a directed and constrained electric arc under defined laboratory conditions according to IEC 61482-1-2.
Requirements of this standard do not address electric shock hazards. The present standard is applicable in combination with standards covering such hazards.

IEC 61112:2009 is applicable to electrical insulating blankets for the protection of workers from accidental contact with live or earthed electrical conductors, apparatus or circuits and avoidance of short circuits on electrical installations. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 1992, and its Amendment 1 (2002). This edition constitutes a technical revision. It includes the following significant technical changes from the previous edition:
- general review of the requirements and test provisions;
- limitation of the scope in terms of the minimum width of electrical insulating blankets in rolls;
- preparation of the elements of evaluation of defects, and general application of IEC 61318 Ed.3;
- revision of existing annexes;
- deletion of Annexes D and F, not applicable according to IEC 61318 Ed.3;
- introduction of a new normative Annex F on classification of defects.

IEC 61111:2009 is applicable to electrical insulating matting made of elastomer for use as a floor covering for the electrical protection of workers on electrical installations. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition, published in 1992, and its Amendment 1 (2002). This edition constitutes a technical revision. It includes the following significant technical changes with regard to the previous edition:
- general review of the requirements and test provisions;
- modification of the test procedure for slip resistance;
- preparation of the elements of evaluation of defects, and general application of IEC 61318 Ed.3;
- revision of existing annexes;
- deletion of Annexes D and F, not applicable according to IEC 61318 Ed.3;
- introduction of a new normative Annex F on classification of defects.

IEC 62192:2009 covers insulating ropes that are utilized during live working procedures in contact with parts of installations operating at voltages up to and including 800 kV r.m.s. Insulating ropes for live working procedure under rain and/or d.c. conditions are not covered by this standard.

IEC 61477:2009 gives the minimum requirements relative to specification, manufacture, selection, application and maintenance of tools, devices and equipment for live working. It provides the type of information which is useful to skilled persons in order to make the use of tools, devices and equipment safer. This type of information includes:
- the characteristics of tools, devices and equipment;
- their conditions for use;
- their conditions for maintenance;
- their conditions for storage and transportation.
Such information may be given in standards, manufacturer's instructions for use and in internal regulations set forth by companies for their own employees. Such information should be completed by work methods, which are excluded from the scope of this standard. This second edition of IEC 61477 cancels and replaces the first edition published in 2001, its Amendment 1 (2002) and Amendment 2 (2004). The contents of the corrigendum of April 2009 have been included in this copy.

IEC 61230:2008 is applicable to portable equipment, with or without matching connection points, for temporary earthing or earthing and short-circuiting of electrically isolated or de-energized a.c. and d.c. installations, distribution and transmission networks, whether they are overhead or underground or of low or high voltage. This standard covers equipment comprising an earthing or a short-circuiting or an earthing and short-circuiting device and insulating component. The performance of equipment, devices and components covered by this standard is based on electro-dynamic and electro-thermal effects acting during short-circuit. The withstand capability of the devices and equipment is expressed by their rated values of current, time and peak factor. No rated voltage is given, but the geometrical dimensions of the equipment are also linked to the voltage of the installation. This second edition cancels and replaces the first edition published in 1993. It constitutes a technical revision. The major changes are:
- extension of the scope to cover the use of equipment on d.c. installations;
- extension of the use of aluminium to all conductive parts of the device;
- possibility of using this standard for separate components of the equipment;
- general revision of requirements and tests;
- revision of existing annexes;
- introduction of a new informative Annex D giving guidelines for determination of the equivalent r.m.s. value of a short-circuit current and of a new normative Annex F on classification of defects.

Applies to terminology for tools and equipment used in live working. This standard is not intended to be a dictionary giving detailed definitions of all the terms used in live working, but only the necessary details, without indications of their components and their methods of use, to permit identification of the tools and equipment and to standardize their names.

Provides elements for product conformity assessment. Critical defects on tools, devices and equipment for live working are not acceptable. Major defects on tools, devices and equipment for live working are likely to result in failure or in a significant reduction of functionality, while minor defects do not reduce significantly the functionality. This standard defines assessment methods for products having completed production phase to assure that they conform to the requirements of the corresponding product standard. It is to be used in conjunction with live working corresponding product standards. The following elements are not covered by the present document, but are included in each product standard: - type tests; - provisions and description for sampling and routine tests; - the identification and classification of the corresponding defects resulting from a risk analysis. This third edition cancels and replaces the first edition which was issued as a technical report in 1994 with its Corrigendum 1 (2000), and the second edition, withdrawn, which was issued as a standard in 2003. It includes the following significant technical changes from the previous edition: - change of the purpose of the document from a support to standard writers to a standard for assessing the conformity by testing of products having completed the production phase; - clarification of the definitions of critical, major and minor defects; - specification of ISO 2859 for the manufacturers to define the appropriate sampling plans; - review of the acceptance quality limit (AQL) to specify lower limits.

This part of IEC 61482 specifies methods to test material and garments intended for use in heat- and flame-resistant clothing for workers exposed to electric arcs. In contrast to the test methods in IEC 61482-1-1 a directed and constrained electric arc in a low voltage circuit is used to classify material and clothing in defined arc protection classes. The test methods specified in this document are aimed at rendering a decision whether arc thermal protection is met under defined conditions. Two protection classes are tested. Protection class 1 and protection class 2 are safety requirements covering actual risk potentials due to electric fault arcs. The test methods are not directed toward measuring the arc thermal performance value (ATPV). Methods determining the ATPV are prescribed in IEC 61482-1-1. This standard specifies tests with which it is possible to evaluate materials and protective clothing based on the use of a directed and constrained electric arc under defined laboratory conditions (box-test). A practical scenario concerning test set-up and test conditions, electrical and constructional parameters is selected. For the tests a low voltage procedure is used. The tests can optionally be carried out in two fixed test classes, selected by the amount of prospective short circuit current: Class 1: 4 kA; Class 2: 7 kA. The defined duration of the electric arc is 500 ms in both test classes. Materials and clothing will be tested with two methods: the material box test method and the garment box test method. The material box test method is used to measure and find material response to an arc exposure when tested in a flat configuration. A quantitative measurement of the arc thermal performance is made by means of the energy transmitted through the material. The garment box test method is used to test the function of the protective clothing after an arc exposure, including all the garment findings, sewing tread, fastenings and other accessories; no heat flux will be measured. Testing refers to the thermal arc effects; it does not apply to other effects like noise, light emissions, pressure rise, hot oil, electric shock, the consequences of physical and mental shock or toxic influences.

This Technical Report covers procedures for the installation and maintenance of optical fibre cables on overhead power lines. This includes: - optical ground wire (OPGW) fibre cable; - optical phase conductor (OPPC) fibre cable; - optical attached fibre cable (OPAC); - all dielectric self supporting (ADSS) optical fibre cable. Optical fibre cables are considered for single and multi-circuit constructions in common use within some countries. The primary concern is the necessary precautions to ensure the safety of personnel and equipment when installing or maintaining these types of optical fibre cable on overhead power lines.