99/31/EC - Landfill of waste

This document specifies three methods for the digestion of soil, treated biowaste, sludge and waste by the use of an acid mixture composed of hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO3) and tetrafluoroboric (HBF4) or hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO3) and hydrofluoric (HF) acid as the digestion solution.
Digestion with these acids is effectively considered as a total decomposition of the sample. For a broad range of samples the extracted analyte concentrations will reflect the total content in the sample.
This document is applicable for the following elements:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), selenium (Se), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tellurium (Te), thallium (Tl), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn).
This document can also be applied for the digestion of other elements, provided the user has verified the applicability.

This technical report provides a supplementary description of the oxidative pyrohydrolytic combustion technique followed by ion chromatography detection for the determination of halogens and sulfur in waste samples.

In the framework of EU Directive 99/31/EC [1] and EU Directive 2000/76/EC [2] halogens and sulfur need to be determined on waste samples. The implementation of the combustion-IC technique would allow in one single run the combustion of the sample followed by the determination of the halogens and sulfur with ion chromatography. Moreover, this instrument may be provided with a sample carrousel for both solids and liquids, allowing an automation of these type of analyses.
Recent developments of the C-IC technology have made this technique interesting for the determination of halogens and sulfur in waste samples. Therefore, a document on the current progress of the C-IC technology was prepared, including the evaluation of the performance of different commercially available systems and the presentation of analytical results obtained on certified reference materials and waste samples.

This Technical Specification provides methods, which can be used to assess the monolithic character of a stabilised/solidified waste, with respect to landfilling. Information on the monolithic character is required to enable the choice of appropriate leaching tests for determination of the release of different substances from stabilised/solidified waste under specified (landfilling) conditions.
This document includes several physical and/or chemical test methods each addressing different aspects of monolithic character. The selection of methods required for an assessment of the monolithic character of a stabilised/solidified waste may vary, depending on the scenario to be addressed or it may be specified in regulation.
Rather than describing the procedures and methods in detail this document refers to existing standards and provides some guidance on their use on stabilised/solidified waste materials.
This Technical Specification does not address issues related to health and safety.
The following procedures and methods are included in this document:
-   test to determine unconfined compressive strength;
-   test to determine permeability;
-   test to determine the loss of mass by dissolution;
-   test to determine expansion;
-   test to determine the content of organic matter;
-   test to determine freeze/thaw effects.

This Technical Specification provides methods, which can be used to assess the monolithic character of a stabilised/solidified waste, with respect to landfilling. Information on the monolithic character is required to enable the choice of appropriate leaching tests for determination of the release of different substances from stabilised/solidified waste under specified (landfilling) conditions.
This document includes several physical and/or chemical test methods each addressing different aspects of monolithic character. The selection of methods required for an assessment of the monolithic character of a stabilised/solidified waste may vary, depending on the scenario to be addressed or it can be specified in regulation.
Rather than describing the procedures and methods in detail this document refers to existing standards and provides some guidance on their use on stabilised/solidified waste materials.
This Technical Specification does not address issues related to health and safety.
The following procedures and methods are included in this document:
-   test to determine unconfined compressive strength;
-   test to determine permeability;
-   test to determine the loss of mass by dissolution;
-   test to determine expansion;
-   test to determine the content of organic matter;
-   test to determine freeze/thaw effects.

This Standard is applicable to determine the leaching behaviour of inorganic constituents from granular waste (without or with size reduction. The waste body is subjected to percolation with water as a function of liquid to solid ratio under specified percolation conditions. The waste is leached under hydraulically dynamic conditions. The method is a once-through column leaching test and the test results establish the distinction between different release patterns, for instance wash-out and release under the influence of interaction with the matrix, when approaching local equilibrium between waste and leachant.

This Standard is applicable to determine the leaching behaviour of inorganic constituents from granular waste (without or with size reduction. The waste body is subjected to percolation with water as a function of liquid to solid ratio under specified percolation conditions. The waste is leached under hydraulically dynamic conditions. The method is a once-through column leaching test and the test results establish the distinction between different release patterns, for instance wash-out and release under the influence of interaction with the matrix, when approaching local equilibrium between waste and leachant.

This European Standard is applicable for the preparation of representative test portions from the laboratory sample that has been taken according to the sampling plan (EN 14899), prior to physical and/or chemical analysis (e.g. preparation of eluates, extractions, digestion and/or analytical determinations) of solid (including monolithic material) and liquid samples and sludge. It is also applicable for the preparation of test portions from digests and eluates for the subsequent analyses.
This European Standard is intended to find the correct sequence of operations and treatments to be applied to the laboratory sample in order to obtain suitable test portions in compliance with the specific requirements defined in the corresponding analytical procedures.

This European Standard is applicable for determining the influence of pH on the leachability of inorganic constituents from a waste material. Equilibrium condition as defined in the standard is established by addition of pre-determined amounts of acid or base to reach desired end pH values. This test method produces eluates, which are subsequently characterized physically and chemically.
This European Standard is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a waste under specified conditions.
NOTE   This generally requires the application of several test methods, behavioural modelling and model validation as specified in EN 12920.

This European Standard is applicable for determining the influence of pH on the leachability of inorganic constituents from a waste material. Approaching equilibrium as defined in this document is established by continuous adjustment of the pH by addition of acid or base to reach desired pH values. This test method produces eluates, which are subsequently characterized physically and chemically.
This document is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a waste under specified conditions.
NOTE   This generally requires the application of several test methods, behavioural modelling and model validation as specified in EN 12920.

This European Standard is applicable for determining the leaching behaviour of monolithic wastes under dynamic conditions. The test is performed under fixed experimental conditions in this document. This test is aimed at determining the release as a function of time of inorganic constituents from a monolithic waste, when it is put into contact with an aqueous solution (leachant).
This dynamic monolithic leaching test (DMLT) is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920 and is therefore not aimed at simulating real situations. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a monolithic waste under specified conditions.
In the framework of EN 12920 and in combination with additional chemical information, the test results are used to identify the leaching mechanisms and their relative importance. The intrinsic properties can be used to predict the release of constituents at a given time frame, in order to assess the leaching behaviour of monolithic waste materials, placed in different situations or scenarios (including disposal and recycling scenarios).
The test method applies to regularly shaped test portions of monolithic wastes with minimum dimensions of 40 mm in all directions, that are assumed to maintain their integrity over a time frame relevant for the considered scenario. The test method applies to test portions for which the geometric surface area can be determined with the help of simple geometric equations. The test method applies to low permeable monolithic materials.
NOTE 1   If, in order to comply with the requirements of regular shape, the test portion is prepared by cutting or coring, then new surfaces are exposed which can lead to change(s) in leaching properties. On the other hand if the test portion is prepared by moulding, the surface will be dependent to the type of mould and the conditions of storage. If the intention is to evaluate the behaviour of the material core, the specimen needs to be stored without any contact with air to avoid carbonation.
NOTE 2   For monolithic waste materials with a saturated hydraulic conductivity higher than 10-8 m/s water is likely to percolate through the monolith rather than flow around. In such cases relating the release to the geometric surface can lead to misinterpretation. A percolation test is then more appropriate (e.g. EN 14405).
This procedure may not be applicable to materials reacting with the leachant, leading for example to excessive gas emission or an excessive heat release.
This document has been developed to determine the release of mainly inorganic constituents from wastes. It does not take into account the particular characteristics of organic constituents, nor the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable wastes.

This European Standard is applicable for the preparation of representative test portions from the laboratory sample that has been taken according to the sampling plan (EN 14899), prior to physical and/or chemical analysis (e.g. preparation of eluates, extractions, digestion and/or analytical determinations) of solid (including monolithic material) and liquid samples and sludge. It is also applicable for the preparation of test portions from digests and eluates for the subsequent analyses.
This European Standard is intended to find the correct sequence of operations and treatments to be applied to the laboratory sample in order to obtain suitable test portions in compliance with the specific requirements defined in the corresponding analytical procedures.

This European Standard is applicable for determining the leaching behaviour of monolithic wastes under dynamic conditions. The test is performed under fixed experimental conditions in this document. This test is aimed at determining the release as a function of time of inorganic constituents from a monolithic waste, when it is put into contact with an aqueous solution (leachant).
This dynamic monolithic leaching test (DMLT) is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920 and is therefore not aimed at simulating real situations. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a monolithic waste under specified conditions.
In the framework of EN 12920 and in combination with additional chemical information, the test results are used to identify the leaching mechanisms and their relative importance. The intrinsic properties can be used to predict the release of constituents at a given time frame, in order to assess the leaching behaviour of monolithic waste materials, placed in different situations or scenarios (including disposal and recycling scenarios).
The test method applies to regularly shaped test portions of monolithic wastes with minimum dimensions of 40 mm in all directions that are assumed to maintain their integrity over a time frame relevant for the considered scenario. The test method applies to test portions for which the geometric surface area can be determined with the help of simple geometric equations. The test method applies to low permeable monolithic materials.
Within the reproducibility ranges, the leaching results obtained with EN 15863 are expected to be equivalent to those obtained with CEN/TS 16637-2 (DMLT for construction products), because the main testing conditions are equalized in both standards. As shown in the results obtained with EN 15863 (see Annex E), they are also demonstrated to be comparable with EPA method 1315 (SW846). These observations imply that a monolithic waste tested with this European Standard, does not need to be tested a second time, when the material proves suitable for beneficial use in construction and provided it has not undergone a treatment or other changes modifying its leaching behaviour.
NOTE 1   If, in order to comply with the requirements of regular shape, the test portion is prepared by cutting or coring, then new surfaces are exposed which can lead to change(s) in leaching properties. On the other hand if the test portion is prepared by moulding, the surface will be dependent to the type of mould and the conditions of storage. If the intention is to evaluate the behaviour of the material core, the specimen needs to be stored without any contact with air to avoid carbonation.
NOTE 2   For monolithic waste materials with a saturated hydraulic conductivity higher than 10−8 m/s water is likely to percolate through the monolith rather than flow around. In such cases relating the release to the geometric surface can lead to misinterpretation. A percolation test is more appropriate then (e.g. CEN/TS 14405).
This procedure may not be applicable to materials reacting with the leachant, leading for example to excessive gas emission or an excessive heat release.
This document has been developed to determine the release of mainly inorganic constituents from wastes. It does not take into account the particular characteristics of organic constituents, nor the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable wastes.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the influence of pH on the leachability of inorganic constituents from a waste material. The equilibrium condition as defined in the standard is established by addition of pre-determined amounts of acid or base to reach desired end pH values. This test method produces eluates, which are subsequently characterized physically and chemically.
This European Standard is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a waste under specified conditions.

This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of the influence of pH on the leachability of inorganic constituents from a waste material. Approaching equilibrium as defined in this European Standard is established by continuous adjustment of the pH by addition of acid or base to reach desired pH values. This test method produces eluates, which are subsequently characterized physically and chemically.
This European Standard is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a waste under specified conditions.

In the framework of the EU Directive 99/31/EC on the landfill of waste and the EU Directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste there is a growing need for fast, easy-to-handle screening tools. In this respect, low costs, fast analyses, control of truck loads and yes/no-acceptance decisions are relevant criteria. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique meets these requirements as a screening tool for on-site verification on the landfill and for entrance control on the incineration plants.
Recent developments of the XRF technology have made this technique a method of choice for on-site analysis, namely miniaturisation of the XRF system (X-ray tube), the optimisation of the calibration programmes and the improvement of the detectors. Therefore, a state-of-the-art document on the current progress of the XRF technology and instruments available for on-site analysis shall support the key arguments, dealing with the pro’s and contra’s, and the performance of these systems to be expected.
The XRF standard EN 15309, is validated for Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U, and describes in the informative annex the procedures for hand-held XRF systems together with the portable/transportable systems (placed in mobile labs). Although XRF can analyse a broad range of elements, the main focus of this document is on the series of elements that is also being covered by EN 15309. Of that series the following elements are related to the landfill directive: As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Zn.
The information in this document will be useful in all cases in which on-site determination of the elemental compositions of waste is needed and hand-held instrumentation is therefore used. These cases may include, beside landfills and incineration plant, also waste treatment plants, contaminations soil sites and controls of transports of waste.

In the framework of the EU Directive 99/31/EC on the landfill of waste and the EU Directive 2000/76/EC on the incineration of waste there is a growing need for fast, easy-to-handle screening tools. In this respect, low costs, fast analyses, control of truck loads and yes/no-acceptance decisions are relevant criteria. The X-ray fluorescence (XRF) technique meets these requirements as a screening tool for on-site verification on the landfill and for entrance control on the incineration plants.
Recent developments of the XRF technology have made this technique a method of choice for on-site analysis, namely miniaturisation of the XRF system (X-ray tube), the optimisation of the calibration programmes and the improvement of the detectors. Therefore, a state-of-the-art document on the current progress of the XRF technology and instruments available for on-site analysis shall support the key arguments, dealing with the pro’s and contra’s, and the performance of these systems to be expected.
The XRF standard EN 15309, is validated for Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U, and describes in the informative annex the procedures for hand-held XRF systems together with the portable/transportable systems (placed in mobile labs). Although XRF can analyse a broad range of elements, the main focus of this document is on the series of elements that is also being covered by EN 15309. Of that series the following elements are related to the landfill directive: As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Zn.
The information in this document will be useful in all cases in which on-site determination of the elemental compositions of waste is needed and hand-held instrumentation is therefore used. These cases may include, beside landfills and incineration plant, also waste treatment plants, contaminations soil sites and controls of transports of waste.

This European Standard specifies the procedure for a quantitative determination of major and trace element concentrations in homogeneous solid waste, soil and soil-like material by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry or wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry using a calibration with matrix-matched standards.
This European Standard is applicable for the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U. Concentration levels between approximately 0,000 1 % and 100 % can be determined depending on the element and the instrument used.

This European Standard specifies the procedure for a quantitative determination of major and trace element concentrations in homogeneous solid waste, soil and soil-like material by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry or wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry using a calibration with matrix-matched standards.
This European Standard is applicable for the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U. Concentration levels between approximately 0,000 1 % and 100 % can be determined depending on the element and the instrument used.

This Technical Report describes techniques for sampling liquid and granular waste material, including paste-like materials and sludges, found in a variety of locations. The Technical Report provides information to allow the selection and preparation of equipment and apparatus to be used in the sampling activity.
NOTE 1   This Technical Report provides a shop shelf of example sampling techniques that can be selected to meet a wide range of sampling situations. For a specific situation one of the presented procedures may be appropriate.
NOTE 2    The procedures listed in this Technical Report reflect current best practice, but these are not exhaustive and other procedures may be equally relevant.

This Technical Report describes procedures for reducing the overall size of the waste materials in the field to aid practical transportation of a sample to the laboratory.
NOTE 1   This Technical Report provides a shop shelf of example sampling techniques that can be selected to meet a wide range of sampling situations. For a specific situation one of the presented procedures may be appropriate.
NOTE 2   The procedures listed in this Technical Report reflect current best practice, but these are not exhaustive and other procedures may be equally relevant.

This Technical Report provides guidance on process of defining of a Sampling Plan based on the objective of the testing programme. It specifically deals with the strategic decisions that are needed, based on the sampling objective.
NOTE 1   Given the great variety of waste types, sampling situations and objectives, this Technical Report cannot provide definitive instructions that cover all scenarios. Instead, it discusses the basic statistical approach to be followed, and provides statistical tools that can be applied to determine the amount and type of sampling (e.g. number of samples and sample size) in any given situation to achieve results of adequate reliability (i.e. precision and confidence).
NOTE 2    The document provides considerable detail on current best practice, but is not exhaustive.
NOTE 3   To clarify the text, the document provides a number of worked examples.

This Technical Report discusses the statistical principles of sampling, and provides a number of statistical tools to assist in the design of testing programmes for application to sampling under various conditions.
NOTE 1   Given the great variety of waste types, sampling situations and objectives, this Technical Report cannot provide definitive instructions that cover all scenarios. Instead, it discusses the basic statistical approach to be followed, and provides statistical tools that can be applied to determine the amount and type of sampling (e.g. number of samples and sample size) in any given situation to achieve results of adequate reliability (i.e. precision and confidence).
NOTE 2   The document provides considerable detail on current best practice, but is not exhaustive.
NOTE 3   To clarify the text, the document provides a number of worked examples.

This Technical Report describes procedures for the packaging, preservation, short-term storage and transport of both solid and liquid waste samples, including paste-like substances and sludges. Where available and appropriate for field application, requirements for specific storage conditions and/or preservation methods should be selected from the chosen analytical standard and collaboration with the testing laboratory.
NOTE 1   This Technical Report provides a shop shelf of example sampling techniques that can be selected to meet a wide range of sampling situations. For a specific situation one of the presented procedures may be appropriate.
NOTE 2   The procedures listed in this Technical Report reflect current best practice, but these are not exhaustive and other procedures may be equally relevant.

This document specifies three methods for the digestion of soil, treated biowaste, sludge and waste by the use of an acid mixture composed of hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO3) and tetrafluoroboric (HBF4) or hydrochloric (HCl), nitric (HNO3) and hydrofluoric (HF) acid as the digestion solution.
Digestion with these acids is effectively considered as a total decomposition of the sample. For a broad range of samples the extracted analyte concentrations will reflect the total content in the sample.
This document is applicable for the following elements:
Aluminium (Al), antimony (Sb), arsenic (As), barium (Ba), beryllium (Be), cadmium (Cd), calcium (Ca), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), mercury (Hg), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), selenium (Se), silver (Ag), sodium (Na), strontium (Sr), sulfur (S), tellurium (Te), thallium (Tl), tin (Sn), titanium (Ti), vanadium (V), and zinc (Zn).
This document can also be applied for the digestion of other elements, provided the user has verified the applicability.

This Technical Report provides guidance on process of defining of a Sampling Plan based on the objective of the testing programme. It specifically deals with the strategic decisions that are needed, based on the sampling objective.
NOTE 1   Given the great variety of waste types, sampling situations and objectives, this Technical Report cannot provide definitive instructions that cover all scenarios. Instead, it discusses the basic statistical approach to be followed, and provides statistical tools that can be applied to determine the amount and type of sampling (e.g. number of samples and sample size) in any given situation to achieve results of adequate reliability (i.e. precision and confidence).
NOTE 2    The document provides considerable detail on current best practice, but is not exhaustive.
NOTE 3   To clarify the text, the document provides a number of worked examples.

This Technical Report describes procedures for the packaging, preservation, short-term storage and transport of both solid and liquid waste samples, including paste-like substances and sludges. Where available and appropriate for field application, requirements for specific storage conditions and/or preservation methods should be selected from the chosen analytical standard and collaboration with the testing laboratory.
NOTE 1   This Technical Report provides a shop shelf of example sampling techniques that can be selected to meet a wide range of sampling situations. For a specific situation one of the presented procedures may be appropriate.
NOTE 2   The procedures listed in this Technical Report reflect current best practice, but these are not exhaustive and other procedures may be equally relevant.

This Technical Report discusses the statistical principles of sampling, and provides a number of statistical tools to assist in the design of testing programmes for application to sampling under various conditions.
NOTE 1   Given the great variety of waste types, sampling situations and objectives, this Technical Report cannot provide definitive instructions that cover all scenarios. Instead, it discusses the basic statistical approach to be followed, and provides statistical tools that can be applied to determine the amount and type of sampling (e.g. number of samples and sample size) in any given situation to achieve results of adequate reliability (i.e. precision and confidence).
NOTE 2   The document provides considerable detail on current best practice, but is not exhaustive.
NOTE 3   To clarify the text, the document provides a number of worked examples.

This Technical Report describes techniques for sampling liquid and granular waste material, including paste-like materials and sludges, found in a variety of locations. The Technical Report provides information to allow the selection and preparation of equipment and apparatus to be used in the sampling activity.
NOTE 1   This Technical Report provides a shop shelf of example sampling techniques that can be selected to meet a wide range of sampling situations. For a specific situation one of the presented procedures may be appropriate.
NOTE 2    The procedures listed in this Technical Report reflect current best practice, but these are not exhaustive and other procedures may be equally relevant.

This Technical Report describes procedures for reducing the overall size of the waste materials in the field to aid practical transportation of a sample to the laboratory.
NOTE 1   This Technical Report provides a shop shelf of example sampling techniques that can be selected to meet a wide range of sampling situations. For a specific situation one of the presented procedures may be appropriate.
NOTE 2   The procedures listed in this Technical Report reflect current best practice, but these are not exhaustive and other procedures may be equally relevant.

This European Standard specifies the procedural steps to be taken in the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan. The Sampling Plan describes the method of collection of the laboratory sample necessary for meeting the objective of the testing programme. The principles or basic rules outlined in this European Standard, provide a framework that can be used by the project manager to:
   produce standardised Sampling Plans for use in regular or routine circumstances (elaboration of daughter/derived standards dedicated to well defined sampling scenarios);
   incorporate the specific sampling requirements of European and national legislation;
   design and develop a Sampling Plan for use on a case by case basis.
This European Standard has been developed for the characterization of waste.
There may be a need for more than one Sampling Plan to meet all the requirements of the testing programme. Ultimately the Sampling Plan provides the sampler with detailed instructions on how sampling should be carried out.
NOTE   Although this European Standard in most cases refers to the taking of one sample or increment or the preparation of one laboratory sample, it should be noted that often this should be more than one. For simplicity reasons this European Standard uses singular terms, while plural terms are also possible or even likely.

This European Standard specifies the procedural steps to be taken in the preparation and application of a Sampling Plan. The Sampling Plan describes the method of collection of the laboratory sample necessary for meeting the objective of the testing programme. The principles or basic rules outlined in this European Standard, provide a framework that can be used by the project manager to:
   produce standardised Sampling Plans for use in regular or routine circumstances (elaboration of daughter/derived standards dedicated to well defined sampling scenarios);
   incorporate the specific sampling requirements of European and national legislation;
   design and develop a Sampling Plan for use on a case by case basis.
This European Standard has been developed for the characterization of waste.
There may be a need for more than one Sampling Plan to meet all the requirements of the testing programme. Ultimately the Sampling Plan provides the sampler with detailed instructions on how sampling should be carried out.
NOTE   Although this European Standard in most cases refers to the taking of one sample or increment or the preparation of one laboratory sample, it should be noted that often this should be more than one. For simplicity reasons this European Standard uses singular terms, while plural terms are also possible or even likely.

This part of the European Standard specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular wastes and sludges under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg dry matter. It applies to waste which has a particle size below 10 mm without or with limited size reduction. Note: In some cases, it could be useful to test the material with coarser particles up to 40 mm in diameter: This requires a larger amount for material and liquid.

This part of the European Standard specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular wastes and sludges under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg dry matter. It applies to waste which has a particle size below 4 mm without or with size reduction. The test procedure specified in this Standard produces an eluate which shall subsequently be characterised physically and chemically according to appropriate standard methods.

This part of the European Standard specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular wastes and sludges under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg dry matter and subsequently of 8 l/kg dry matter. It applies to waste which has a particle size below 4 mm without or with size reduction. The test procedure specified in this Standard produces an eluate which shall subsequently be characterised physically and chemically according to appropriate standard methods.

This part of European Standard specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular wastes and sludges under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg dry matter. It applies to waste which has a particle size below 4 mm without or with size reduction. The test procedure specified in this Standard produces an eluate which shall subsequently be characterized physically and chemically according to appropriate standard methods.

This standard specifies methods of digestion with aqua regia. Solutions produced by the methods are suitable for analysis e.g. by atomic absorption spectrometry (FLAAS, HGAAS, CVAAS, GFAAS), inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method is applicable to the digestion of waste for example for the following elements: Al, Sb, As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, P, K, Se, Ag, S, Na, Sr, Sn, Te, Ti, Tl, V, Zn.

This standard specifies methods of digestion with aqua regia. Solutions produced by the methods are suitable for analysis e.g. by atomic absorption spectrometry (FLAAS, HGAAS, CVAAS, GFAAS), inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method is applicable to the digestion of waste for example for the following elements: Al, Sb, As, B, Ba, Be, Cd, Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Hg, Mo, Ni, P, K, Se, Ag, S, Na, Sr, Sn, Te, Ti, Tl, V, Zn.

This part of the European Standard specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular wastes and sludges under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg dry matter and subsequently of 8 l/kg dry matter. It applies to waste which has a particle size below 4 mm without or with size reduction. The test procedure specified in this Standard produces an eluate which shall subsequently be characterised physically and chemically according to appropriate standard methods.

This part of the European Standard specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular wastes and sludges under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg dry matter. It applies to waste which has a particle size below 10 mm without or with limited size reduction. Note: In some cases, it could be useful to test the material with coarser particles up to 40 mm in diameter: This requires a larger amount for material and liquid.

This part of the European Standard specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular wastes and sludges under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 10 l/kg dry matter. It applies to waste which has a particle size below 4 mm without or with size reduction. The test procedure specified in this Standard produces an eluate which shall subsequently be characterised physically and chemically according to appropriate standard methods.

This part of European Standard specifies a compliance test providing information on leaching of granular wastes and sludges under the experimental conditions specified hereafter, and particularly a liquid to solid ratio of 2 l/kg dry matter. It applies to waste which has a particle size below 4 mm without or with size reduction. The test procedure specified in this Standard produces an eluate which shall subsequently be characterized physically and chemically according to appropriate standard methods.

This European Standard specifies methods of microwave assisted digestion with hydrofluoric (HF), nitric (HNO3)and hydrochloric (HCL) acid mixture. Solutions produced by the methods are suitable for analysis e.g.by atomic absorption spectometry (FLAAS,HGAAS,CVAAS,GFAAS), inductively coupled plasma emission spectometry(ICP-OES) and inductive coupled plasma mass spectometry(ICP-MS). The method is applicable to the microwave assisted acid digestion of waste for example for the following elements:Al,Sb,As,B,Ba,Be,Cd,Cr,Cu,Fe,Pb,Mg,Mn,Hg,Mo, Ni,P,K,Se,Ag,S,Na,Sr,Te,Ti,Tl,V,Zn.

This European Standard specifies methods for the calculation of the dry matter of samples for which the results of performed analysis are to be calculated to the dry matter basis. Depending on the nature of the sample, the calculation is based on a determination of the dry residue (Method A) or a determination of the water content (Method B). It applies to samples containing more than 1 % (m/m) of dry residue or more than 1 % (m/m) of water.

This European Standard specifies methods for the calculation of the dry matter of samples for which the results of performed analysis are to be calculated to the dry matter basis. Depending on the nature of the sample, the calculation is based on a determination of the dry residue (Method A) or a determination of the water content (Method B). It applies to samples containing more than 1 % (m/m) of dry residue or more than 1 % (m/m) of water.

This Technical Specification is applicable to determine the leaching behaviour of inorganic constituents from
granular waste (without or with size reduction (see 6.2)). The waste body is subjected to percolation with water
as a function of liquid to solid ratio under specified percolation conditions. The waste is leached under
hydraulically dynamic conditions. The method is a once-through column leaching test and the test results
establish the distinction between different release patterns, for instance wash-out and release under the
influence of interaction with the matrix, when approaching local equilibrium between waste and leachant.
NOTE 1 The mentioned specified percolation conditions are arbitrary and are not simulating a specific scenario.
NOTE 2 Waste materials that show a saturated hydraulic conductivity between 10-7 m/s and 10-8 m/s can be subjected to this test, but it can be difficult to maintain the imposed flow rate. If a waste shows a saturated hydraulic conductivity below 10 -8
m/s, the test should not be carried out. (See C.5 for a definition of ?hydraulic conductivity?.)
NOTE 3 This procedure is generally not applicable to biologically degrading materials and materials reacting with the leachant, leading, for example, to excessive gas emission or excessive heat release.
NOTE 4 This procedure is applicable to materials showing solidification in the column, if the final hydraulic conductivity is within the specified range (see NOTE 1).

This Technical Specification is applicable to determine the leaching behaviour of inorganic constituents from
granular waste (without or with size reduction (see 6.2)). The waste body is subjected to percolation with water
as a function of liquid to solid ratio under specified percolation conditions. The waste is leached under
hydraulically dynamic conditions. The method is a once-through column leaching test and the test results
establish the distinction between different release patterns, for instance wash-out and release under the
influence of interaction with the matrix, when approaching local equilibrium between waste and leachant.
NOTE 1 The mentioned specified percolation conditions are arbitrary and are not simulating a specific scenario.
NOTE 2 Waste materials that show a saturated hydraulic conductivity between 10-7 m/s and 10-8 m/s can be subjected to this test, but it can be difficult to maintain the imposed flow rate. If a waste shows a saturated hydraulic conductivity below 10 -8
m/s, the test should not be carried out. (See C.5 for a definition of �hydraulic conductivity�.)
NOTE 3 This procedure is generally not applicable to biologically degrading materials and materials reacting with the leachant, leading, for example, to excessive gas emission or excessive heat release.
NOTE 4 This procedure is applicable to materials showing solidification in the column, if the final hydraulic conductivity is within the specified range (see NOTE 1).

This European Standard is applicable for the preparation of representative test portions from the laboratory sample that has been taken according to the sampling plan (EN 14899), prior to physical and/or chemical analysis (e.g. preparation of eluates, extractions, digestion and/or analytical determinations) of solid and liquid samples and sludge. It is also applicable for the preparation of test portions from digests and eluates for the subsequent analyses.
This European Standard is intended to find the correct sequence of operations and treatments to be applied to the laboratory sample in order to obtain suitable test portions in compliance with the specific requirements defined in the corresponding analytical procedures.

This European Standard is applicable for the preparation of representative test portions from the laboratory sample that has been taken according to the sampling plan (EN 14899), prior to physical and/or chemical analysis (e.g. preparation of eluates, extractions, digestion and/or analytical determinations) of solid and liquid samples and sludge. It is also applicable for the preparation of test portions from digests and eluates for the subsequent analyses.
This European Standard is intended to find the correct sequence of operations and treatments to be applied to the laboratory sample in order to obtain suitable test portions in compliance with the specific requirements defined in the corresponding analytical procedures.

This document specifies a test method for the determination of the influence of pH on the leachability of inorganic constituents from a waste material. Equilibrium condition as defined in the document is established by continuous adjustment of the pH by addition of acid or base to reach desired pH values. This test method produces eluates, which are subsequently characterized physically and chemically.
This document is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a waste under specified conditions.
NOTE   This generally requires the application of several test methods, behavioural modelling and model validation as specified in EN 12920.