EN 15863:2015
(Main)Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour test for basic characterization - Dynamic monolithic leaching test with periodic leachant renewal, under fixed conditions
Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour test for basic characterization - Dynamic monolithic leaching test with periodic leachant renewal, under fixed conditions
This European Standard is applicable for determining the leaching behaviour of monolithic wastes under dynamic conditions. The test is performed under fixed experimental conditions in this document. This test is aimed at determining the release as a function of time of inorganic constituents from a monolithic waste, when it is put into contact with an aqueous solution (leachant).
This dynamic monolithic leaching test (DMLT) is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920 and is therefore not aimed at simulating real situations. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a monolithic waste under specified conditions.
In the framework of EN 12920 and in combination with additional chemical information, the test results are used to identify the leaching mechanisms and their relative importance. The intrinsic properties can be used to predict the release of constituents at a given time frame, in order to assess the leaching behaviour of monolithic waste materials, placed in different situations or scenarios (including disposal and recycling scenarios).
The test method applies to regularly shaped test portions of monolithic wastes with minimum dimensions of 40 mm in all directions that are assumed to maintain their integrity over a time frame relevant for the considered scenario. The test method applies to test portions for which the geometric surface area can be determined with the help of simple geometric equations. The test method applies to low permeable monolithic materials.
Within the reproducibility ranges, the leaching results obtained with EN 15863 are expected to be equivalent to those obtained with CEN/TS 16637-2 (DMLT for construction products), because the main testing conditions are equalized in both standards. As shown in the results obtained with EN 15863 (see Annex E), they are also demonstrated to be comparable with EPA method 1315 (SW846). These observations imply that a monolithic waste tested with this European Standard, does not need to be tested a second time, when the material proves suitable for beneficial use in construction and provided it has not undergone a treatment or other changes modifying its leaching behaviour.
NOTE 1 If, in order to comply with the requirements of regular shape, the test portion is prepared by cutting or coring, then new surfaces are exposed which can lead to change(s) in leaching properties. On the other hand if the test portion is prepared by moulding, the surface will be dependent to the type of mould and the conditions of storage. If the intention is to evaluate the behaviour of the material core, the specimen needs to be stored without any contact with air to avoid carbonation.
NOTE 2 For monolithic waste materials with a saturated hydraulic conductivity higher than 10−8 m/s water is likely to percolate through the monolith rather than flow around. In such cases relating the release to the geometric surface can lead to misinterpretation. A percolation test is more appropriate then (e.g. CEN/TS 14405).
This procedure may not be applicable to materials reacting with the leachant, leading for example to excessive gas emission or an excessive heat release.
This document has been developed to determine the release of mainly inorganic constituents from wastes. It does not take into account the particular characteristics of organic constituents, nor the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable wastes.
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Untersuchung des Elutionsverhaltens für die grundlegende Charakterisierung - Dynamisches Elutionsverfahren für monolithische Abfälle mit periodischer Erneuerung des Elutionsmittels unter festgelegten Prüfbedingungen
Diese Europäische Norm ist für die Bestimmung des Elutionsverhaltens von monolithischen Abfällen unter dynamischen Bedingungen anwendbar. Die Untersuchung wird unter den in diesem Dokument festgelegten experimentellen Bedingungen durchgeführt. Diese Untersuchung zielt auf die Bestimmung der Freisetzung von anorganischen Bestandteilen aus monolithischem Abfall in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit ab, zu der der Stoff in Kontakt mit einer wässrigen Lösung (Elutionsmittel) gebracht wurde.
Dieses dynamische Elutionsverfahren für monolithische Abfälle (DMLT, en: Dynamic Monolithic Leaching Test) ist eine parameterspezifische Prüfung, wie in EN 12920 festgelegt, und dient deshalb nicht der Simulation tatsächlicher Situationen. Die Anwendung dieses Untersuchungsverfahrens ist allein nicht aus¬reichend für die Bestimmung des ausführlichen Elutionsverhaltens von monolithischen Abfällen unter festgelegten Bedingungen.
Im Rahmen der EN 12920 und in Kombination mit zusätzlichen chemischen Angaben werden die Unter-suchungsergebnisse zur Identifizierung der Elutionsmechanismen und ihres Stellenwertes angewendet. Die intrinsischen Eigenschaften können zur Vorhersage der Freisetzung von Bestandteilen in einem festgelegten Zeitrahmen angewendet werden, um das Elutionsverhalten von monolithischen Abfallmaterialien zu bewerten, die unterschiedlichen Situationen oder Szenarien (einschließlich Szenarien der Deponierung und der Wiederverwertung) ausgesetzt wurden.
Das Untersuchungsverfahren ist bei regelmäßig geformten Prüfmengen von monolithischen Abfällen mit Mindestmaßen von 40 mm in alle Richtungen anwendbar, bei denen vorausgesetzt wird, dass sie ihre Unver-sehrtheit über einen für die Beobachtung des Szenariums relevanten Zeitraum behalten. Das Unter-suchungsverfahren ist für Prüfmengen geeignet, bei denen die geometrische Oberfläche mit einfachen geometrischen Gleichungen bestimmt werden kann. Das Untersuchungsverfahren ist für weniger durchlässige monolithische Stoffe geeignet.
Innerhalb der Bereiche der Vergleichpräzision werden die nach EN 15863 ermittelten Ergebnisse der Elutionsprüfungen voraussichtlich denen entsprechen, die nach CEN/TS 16637-2 (DMLT für Bauprodukte) bestimmt wurden, da die wesentlichen Prüfbedingungen in beiden Normen aneinander angeglichen sind. Wie die nach EN 15863 ermittelten Ergebnisse zeigen (siehe Anhang E), sind sie nachweislich auch vergleichbar mit dem Verfahren US EPA 1315 (SW846). Diese Beobachtungen implizieren, dass ein nach der vorliegenden Euro-päischen Norm geprüfter monolithischer Abfall nicht ein zweites Mal geprüft werden muss, wenn das Material sich für die günstige Verwendung in der Bauausführung als geeignet erweist, vorausgesetzt, dass dieser Abfall keiner Behandlung oder anderen Veränderungen unterzogen wurde, die dessen Elutionsverhalten modifizieren.
ANMERKUNG 1 Wenn die Prüfmenge durch Schneiden oder Kernbohren hergestellt wurde, um die Anforderung einer regelmäßigen Form zu erfüllen, dann werden neue Oberflächen freigelegt, was zu einer Änderung/zu Änderungen der Elutionseigenschaften führen kann. Wenn die Prüfmenge durch Formpressen hergestellt wird, wird die Oberfläche von der Art des Pressens und den Lagerungsbedingungen abhängen. Bei beabsichtigter Bewertung des Verhaltens des Stoffkerns muss der Prüfkörper ohne jeden Kontakt mit Luft aufbewahrt werden, um eine Carbonatisierung zu vermeiden.
ANMERKUNG 2 Bei monolithischen Abfallmaterialien mit einer gesättigten hydraulischen Leitfähigkeit von mehr als 108 m/s wird Wasser wahrscheinlich durch den Monolithen durchsickern anstatt um ihn herumzufließen. Wird in solchen Fällen die Freisetzung der geometrischen Oberfläche in Bezug gesetzt, kann dies zu Fehlinterpretationen führen. Eine Perkolationsprüfung ist dann besser geeignet (z. B. CEN/TS 14405).
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais de comportement à la lixiviation pour la caractérisation de base - Essai de lixiviation dynamique des monolithes avec renouvellement périodique du lixiviant, dans des conditions d'essai fixes
La présente Norme européenne s'applique à la détermination du comportement à la lixiviation des déchets monolithiques dans des conditions dynamiques. L'essai est réalisé dans des conditions expérimentales fixées dans le présent document. L’essai a pour objectif de déterminer le relargage en fonction du temps des constituants inorganiques de déchets monolithiques lorsqu'ils entrent en contact avec une solution aqueuse (lixiviant).
Le présent essai de lixiviation dynamique des monolithes (DMLT) est un essai paramétrique tel que spécifié dans l'EN 12920 ; il n'a donc pas pour objectif de simuler des situations réelles. L'application de la présente méthode d'essai seule ne suffit pas à déterminer le comportement détaillé à la lixiviation d'un déchet monolithique dans des conditions spécifiées.
Dans le cadre de l'EN 12920 et en association avec des informations chimiques supplémentaires, les résultats d'essai sont utilisés pour identifier les mécanismes de lixiviation et leur importance relative. Ces propriétés intrinsèques peuvent être utilisées pour prévoir le relargage des constituants sur une période donnée, afin d'évaluer le comportement à la lixiviation des déchets monolithiques dans différentes situations ou scénarios (y compris les scénarios d'élimination et de recyclage).
La méthode d'essai s'applique à des prises d'essai de déchets monolithiques aux formes régulières, ayant des dimensions minimales de 40 mm dans toutes les directions, supposées conserver leur intégrité pendant la période appropriée pour le scénario considéré. La méthode d'essai s'applique aux prises d'essai pour lesquelles la surface géométrique peut être déterminée à l'aide de formules géométriques simples. La méthode d'essai s'applique aux matériaux monolithiques à faible perméabilité.
Dans les plages de reproductibilité, les résultats relatifs à la lixiviation obtenus avec l'EN 15863 sont censés être équivalents à ceux obtenus avec la CEN/TS 16637-2 (essai de lixiviation dynamique des monolithes (DMLT) pour les produits de construction), car les principales conditions d'essai sont équilibrées dans les deux normes. Comme le montrent les résultats obtenus avec l'EN 15863 (voir Annexe E), il a également été démontré qu'ils sont comparables à la méthode US EPA 1315 (SW846). Ces observations impliquent qu’il n’est pas nécessaire que les déchets monolithiques soumis à essai conformément à la présente Norme européenne soient soumis à un deuxième essai lorsque le matériau peut être valorisé dans la construction et à condition qu'il n'ait pas subi un traitement ou d'autres opérations susceptibles de modifier son comportement à la lixiviation.
NOTE 1 Si, pour se conformer aux exigences de régularité de forme, la prise d'essai est préparée par coupe ou carottage, alors de nouvelles surfaces sont exposées, ce qui peut entraîner une ou plusieurs modifications des propriétés de lixiviation. D’autre part, si la prise d'essai est préparée par moulage, la surface dépend du type de moule et des conditions de stockage. Si l'objectif est d'évaluer le comportement au cœur du matériau, l'éprouvette doit être stockée à l’abri total de l'air afin d’éviter sa carbonatation.
NOTE 2 Pour les déchets monolithiques ayant une conductivité hydraulique à saturation supérieure à 10-8 m/s, l'eau est susceptible de percoler à travers le monolithe plutôt que de circuler autour. Dans une telle situation, établir une relation entre le relargage et la surface géométrique peut être source de mauvaise interprétation. Un essai de percolation est alors plus approprié (par exemple, CEN/TS 14405).
Il est possible que ce mode opératoire ne soit pas applicable aux matériaux réagissant avec le lixiviant, entraînant par exemple une émission de gaz excessive ou un dégagement calorifique excessif.
Karakterizacija odpadkov - Izluževalni preskus za osnovno karakterizacijo - Dinamični izluževalni preskus pri določenih pogojih za izluževanje monolitnih odpadkov z občasnim obnavljanjem izluževalnega medija
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2003-01.Slovenski inštitut za standardizacijo. Razmnoževanje celote ali delov tega standarda ni dovoljeno.Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Untersuchung des Auslaugungsverhaltens für die grundlegende Charakterisierung - Dynamisches Auslaugungsverfahren für monolithische Abfälle mit periodischer Erneuerung des Auslaugungsmittels unter festgelegten PrüfbedingungenCaractérisation des déchets - Essais de comportement à la lixiviation pour la caractérisation de base - Essai de lixiviation dynamique des monolithes avec renouvellement périodique du lixiviant, dans des conditions d'essai fixesCharacterisation of waste - Leaching behaviour test for basic characterisation - Dynamic monolithic leaching test with periodic leachant renewal, under fixed conditions13.030.10Trdni odpadkiSolid wastesICS:Ta slovenski standard je istoveten z:EN 15863:2015SIST EN 15863:2015en,fr,de01-junij-2015SIST EN 15863:2015SLOVENSKI
STANDARDSIST-TS CEN/TS 15863:20131DGRPHãþD
EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPÉENNE EUROPÄISCHE NORM
EN 15863
April 2015 ICS 13.030.10 Supersedes CEN/TS 15863:2012English Version
Characterization of waste - Leaching behaviour test for basic characterization - Dynamic monolithic leaching test with periodic leachant renewal, under fixed conditions
Caractérisation des déchets - Essais de comportement à la lixiviation pour la caractérisation de base - Essai de lixiviation dynamique des monolithes avec renouvellement périodique du lixiviant, dans des conditions d'essai fixes
Charakterisierung von Abfällen - Untersuchung des Elutionsverhaltens für die grundlegende Charakterisierung -Dynamisches Elutionsverfahren für monolithische Abfälle mit periodischer Erneuerung des Elutionsmittels unter festgelegten Prüfbedingungen This European Standard was approved by CEN on 7 February 2015.
CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN-CENELEC Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and United Kingdom.
EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION
COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG
CEN-CENELEC Management Centre:
Avenue Marnix 17,
B-1000 Brussels © 2015 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national Members. Ref. No. EN 15863:2015 ESIST EN 15863:2015
Identification of release mechanisms and use of test results . 20 A.1 Introduction . 20 A.2 Examples of factors influencing the leaching of monolithic waste . 20 A.3 Long term release prediction . 22 Annex B (informative)
Assessment of release mechanisms (if required) . 23 B.1 Overview of release mechanisms . 23 B.2 Procedure of identification of release mechanisms . 24 B.3 Concentrations close to the limit of quantification . 25 B.3.1 Overall low concentrations . 25 B.3.2 Surface wash-off followed by low concentrations . 26 B.4 Diffusion controlled release of a substance . 26 SIST EN 15863:2015
Examples of data about the L/A ratio . 51 Annex D (informative)
Process map for EN 15863 . 52 Annex E (informative)
Repeatability and reproducibility data . 54 E.1 Material used in the interlaboratory comparison study . 54 E.2 Interlaboratory comparison results . 54 Bibliography . 61
— the status of the document has been changed from a CEN/TS into a European Standard;
— performance data has been added (see Annex E). According to the CEN-CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey and the United Kingdom. SIST EN 15863:2015
1) Council Directive 1999/31/EC of 26 April 1999 on the landfill of waste. 2) Council Decision 2003/33/EC of 19 December 2002. SIST EN 15863:2015
EN 16192,
EN ISO 3696, tater for analytical labor EN ISO 5667-3, -mc 3 Terms and definitions For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. 3.1 eluate solution obtained by a leaching test 3.2 laboratory sample sample or sub-sample(s) sent to or received by the laboratory [SOURCE: IUPAC:1990] Note 1 to entry: When the laboratory sample is further prepared (reduced) by subdividing, cutting, sawing, coring, or by combinations of these operations, the result is the test sample. When no preparation of the laboratory sample is required, the laboratory sample is the test sample. A test portion is removed from the test sample for the performance of the test or for analysis. The laboratory sample is the final sample from the point of view of sampling but it is the initial sample from the point of view of the laboratory. Note 2 to entry: Several laboratory samples may be prepared and sent to different laboratories or to the same laboratory for different purposes. When it is sent to the same laboratory, the set is generally considered as a single laboratory sample and is documented as a single sample. 3.3 leachant liquid that is brought into contact with the test portion in the leaching procedure Note 1 to entry: For the purpose of this document the leachant is water as specified in 5.1. 3.4 leaching behaviour of a waste release and change with time in release from the waste upon contact with a leachant under the conditions specified in the scenario, especially within the specified time frame [SOURCE: EN 12920:2006+A1:2008] 3.5 leachant renewal selection of time intervals after which the leachant is renewed SIST EN 15863:2015
Rinsing is compulsory. 6.2.6 Glass or plastic bottles, e.g. high density polyethylene (HDPE)/polypropylene (PP)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)/polyethyleneterephtalate (PET) Use bottles with an appropriate volume, and with screw cap, for eluate collection and preservation of eluate samples (rinsed in accordance with EN ISO 5667-3). NOTE For inorganic constituents HDPE/PP bottles are preferred, except for samples analysed for mercury. 6.2.7 Conductivity meter, with an accuracy of at least 0,1 mS/m. 6.2.8 pH meter, with an accuracy of at least 0,05 pH units. SIST EN 15863:2015
If, in order to comply with the requirement of regular shape, the test portion is prepared by cutting or coring, new surfaces are exposed, which can lead to change(s) in leaching properties, compared with aged surfaces. Store the test portion in accordance with EN 15002 to minimize changes due to the exposure to atmosphere (drying, carbonation, etc.). 7.3 Determination of the geometric surface area Shortly before the start of the leaching test remove dust and loose particles from the test portion by blowing gently using compressed air (quality sufficient to avoid oil contamination). Determine the geometric shape of the test portion by measuring the length, width, height and/or diameter of the test portion, with an uncertainty of ± 1 mm. Calculate the whole geometric surface area A (in cm2) based on normal calculation rules for the defined geometric shape. SIST EN 15863:2015
Place the test portion in the leaching vessel (6.2.1) using the support, in order to prevent the test portion from touching the inner side of the leaching vessel. If the test portion consists of more than one specimen or test piece, the support shall be used in such a way that there is at least 2 cm space between the specimens or test pieces. Fill the vessel with the calculated volume of leachant (V1) (5.1), such that the top of the test portion is at least 2 cm submerged. Close the leaching vessel. Note the time t0. For specific scenarios in practice, it can be useful to apply another leachant (for instance ground water, sea water, CO2 saturated water, etc.), and different temperature. This would constitute a deviation from the document, and shall be reported. Allow the leaching process of this first step until 6 h ± 15 min after the addition of the leachant. At the end of the first step remove the eluate from the leaching vessel, without removing small parts of waste material that may have fallen off the test portion. Note the time t1. Immediately continue with step 2 (8.3). Immediately measure pH and conductivity. Filter the eluate fraction off-line over a 0,45 µm membrane filter (6.2.10) and further prepare the eluate for analysis (see 8.5). 8.3 Steps 2 – 8 of the leaching procedure Fill the leaching vessel again with the calculated volume of leachant (V1), such that the top of the test portion is at least 2 cm submerged, and that the distance between the test portion and the wall of the vessel is at least 2 cm. Close the leaching vessel. Allow the leaching process of each step until the time mentioned in Table 1. NOTE 1 The liquid renewal frequency is designed and carried out such that the concentration in solution does not affect the release rate from the specimen significantly. SIST EN 15863:2015
NOTE 2 The liquid renewal frequency is designed and carried out such that the concentration in solution does not affect the release rate from the test portion significantly, because the concentration in the solution is far below the saturation concentration. NOTE 3 If the full duration of the test is not required (e.g. for factory production control) a test consisting of less than 8 steps can be performed as ‘indirect test’ as explained in the Introduction. 8.4 Weight loss of the monolithic waste during the test If the specimen(s) fall(s) apart during the test, stop the test and record the failure to withstand the contact with water for prolonged time. If it is required to check the weight loss of the specimen (for instance in order to assess the monolithic character of the waste), after step 8 of the leaching procedure, remove the test portion from the leaching vessel. Gather all solid parts and particles that have fallen off the test portion during the whole duration of the test. Dry these solid parts and particles at (40 ± 2) °C according to EN 14346 and weigh the dried material (md). NOTE If the weight loss exceeds a certain value (to be specified in regulation or otherwise), the monolithic waste does not have enough integrity to determine the leaching behaviour of the material in monolithic form, in accordance with the procedure, described in this document. 8.5 Further preparation of the eluates for analysis Measure the pH (6.2.8) and the conductivity (6.2.7) in accordance with EN 16192 (and optionally redox potential Eh in mV) of each eluate fraction, just after collection. If the conductivity of an eluate fraction exceeds 7 500 mS/m, measure the volume (or density) of the eluate and dilute the eluate until the conductivity is below 7 500 mS/m. Ensure that the dilution factor is no more than 10. SIST EN 15863:2015
Calculate the measured release of each constituent per step: 110iicVrA××= (3) where ri is the measured release of a constituent in Step i, in mg„m−2; ci is the measured concentration of that constituent in the eluate of Step i, in mg„l−1; V1 is the volume of the leachant, in ml; A is the geometric surface area of the test portion, in cm2.
For analysis results below the limit of quantification for the components concerned both t
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