13.030.10 - Solid wastes
ICS 13.030.10 Details
Solid wastes
Feste Abfallstoffe
Déchets solides
Trdni odpadki
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 13.030.10 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Solid wastes". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 146 standards classified under ICS 13.030.10 (Solid wastes). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document specifies methods for quantitative determination of seven selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB28, PCB52, PCB101, PCB118, PCB138, PCB153 and PCB180) in soil, sludge, sediment, treated biowaste, and waste using GC-MS and GC-ECD (see Table 2).
The limit of detection depends on the determinants, the equipment used, the quality of chemicals used for the extraction of the sample and the clean-up of the extract.
Under the conditions specified in this document, lower limit of application from 1 μg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for soils, sludge and biowaste to 10 μg/kg (expressed as dry matter) for solid waste can be achieved. For some specific samples the limit of 10 μg/kg cannot be reached.
Sludge, waste and treated biowaste may differ in properties, as well as in the expected contamination levels of PCB and presence of interfering substances. These differences make it impossible to describe one general procedure. This document contains decision tables based on the properties of the sample and the extraction and clean-up procedure to be used.
NOTE The analysis of PCB in insulating liquids, petroleum products, used oils and aqueous samples is referred to in EN 61619, EN 12766-1 and ISO 6468 respectively.
The method can be applied to the analysis of other PCB congeners not specified in the scope, provided suitability is proven by proper in-house validation experiments.
- Standard50 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an up-flow percolation test (PT) which is applicable in compliance testing to determine the leaching behaviour of inorganic and non-volatile organic substances from granular solids with potential for use as construction material. The test is not suitable for substances that are volatile under ambient conditions. The granular solids are subjected to percolation with water as a function of liquid to solid ratio under specified percolation conditions. The method is a once-through column leaching test.
NOTE 1 Volatile organic substances include the low molecular weight substances in mixtures such as mineral oil.
This up-flow percolation test is performed under specified test conditions for granular solids with potential for use as construction material and does not necessarily produce results that mimic specific intended use conditions. This test method produces eluates, which can subsequently be characterized by physical, chemical and ecotoxicological methods according to existing standard methods. The results of eluate analysis are presented as a function of the liquid/solid ratio. The test results enable the distinction between different leaching behaviour.
NOTE 2 It is not always possible to adjust test conditions simultaneously for inorganic and organic substances. Test conditions can also vary between different groups of organic substances. Test conditions for organic substances are generally more stringent than those for inorganic substances. The test conditions are generally described in a way that they fit testing organic substances and are also applicable to inorganic substances depending on the set-up.
NOTE 3 For ecotoxicity testing, eluates representing the release of both inorganic and organic substances are needed. In this document, ecotoxicological testing is meant to include also genotoxicological testing.
NOTE 4 Granular solid waste materials with a low hydraulic conductivity that can cause detrimental pressure build-up are not supposed to be subjected to this test.
NOTE 5 This procedure is generally not applicable to solids that are easily biologically degradable and solids reacting with the leachant, leading to, for example, excessive gas emission or excessive heat release, impermeable hydraulically bound solids or solids that swell in contact with water.
Granular solid waste materials without potential for beneficial use are excluded from the scope.
NOTE 6 Granular solid waste materials without potential for beneficial use can be materials with gas generation or biodegradation during a potential reuse scenario.
This test is applicable to types of granular solid waste of which the general long-term leaching behaviour is known based on previous investigations.
In this document the same test conditions as for EN 16637 3 (CEN/TC 351/WG 1) are applied in order to allow full comparability of testing construction products and waste derived construction products to avoid double testing. The EN 16637 3 test results are eligible in the context of testing granular solids with potential for use as construction material as well.
NOTE 7 If a leaching test according to EN 16637 3 has been performed, additional EN 17516 testing does not need to be carried out.
NOTE 8 The relative standard deviations for inorganic and organic substances are relatively high which is due to low concentration levels in the eluates (see Annex F).
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This European standard specifies a method for the differentiated determination of the organic carbon content (TOC400) which is released at temperatures up to 400 °C, the residual oxidizable carbon (ROC) (including e.g. lignite (brown coal), hard coal, charcoal, black carbon, soot) and the inorganic carbon (TIC900) which is released at temperatures up to 900 °C.
The basis is the dry combustion to CO2 in a in the presence of oxygen using using temperatures ranging from 150°C to 900 °C in dry solid samples of soil, soil with anthropogenic admixtures and solid waste (see Table 1) with carbon contents of more than 1 g per kg (0,1 % C) (per carbon type in the test portion).
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification is intended for use in the marketing of mixed nonferrous metals.
4.2 Mixed nonferrous metals covered by this classification are suitable for use by one or more of the following industries:
4.2.1 Secondary aluminum smelters,
4.2.2 Primary aluminum producers,
4.2.3 Scrap dealers and processors,
4.2.4 Zinc refiners, and
4.2.5 Copper refiners.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification covers municipal mixed nonferrous metals (MNM), not source-separated, that are recovered from municipal waste destined for disposal.
1.2 The mixed nonferrous metals (MNM) have been subdivided according to processing history, nonferrous metal content, size, and moisture content.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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ABSTRACT
This specification defines procedures for determining the performance of certain landfill daily cover materials such as sprayed slurries, foams, and indigenous materials generally described as an alternative daily cover (ADC) for municipal solid waste landfills. It is not applicable to other types of landfills and to geosynthetics used as an ADC. It addresses the evaluation of an ADC and its ability to control fires and odors and whether or not the cover contains materials that present a threat to human health and the environment. Materials shall be tested at accredited laboratories to determine the physical properties such as potential for fire production, water vapor permeance, toxicity, and leaching potential. The control of disease vectors and blowing litter shall be evaluated by observation while scavenging shall be controlled by security procedures and other operating practices.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification defines procedures for determining the performance of certain landfill daily cover materials generally described as an alternative daily cover (ADC). This specification applies only to slurries or foams that are spray applied, or indigenous materials that are placed onto the working face of a municipal solid waste landfill (MSWLF) unit as a cover. It is not applicable to other types of landfills nor geosynthetics used as an ADC.
1.2 This standard addresses the evaluation of an ADC and its ability to control fires and odors and whether or not the cover contains materials that present a threat to human health and the environment. The control of disease vectors and blowing litter can be evaluated by observation, and scavenging is controlled by security procedures and other operating practices.
1.3 The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) promulgated regulations under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, Subtitle D, which establish criteria for municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLF). These regulations became effective October 9, 1991. The cover material requirements of these regulations are set forth in 40 Code of Federal Regulations, Section 258.21 as follows:
(a) “Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the owners or operators of all MSWLF units must cover disposed solid waste with 6 in. (152.4 mm) of earthen material at the end of each operating day, or at more frequent intervals if necessary, to control disease vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and scavenging.”
(b) “Alternative materials of an alternative thickness (other than at least 6 in. (152.4 mm) of earthen material) may be approved by the Director of the Solid Waste Regulatory Agency of an approved State if the owner or operator demonstrates that the alternative material and thickness control disease vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and scavenging without presenting a threat to human health and the environment.”
1.3.1 These federal regulations have the force of the law, and it is the purpose of this specification to define the test procedures necessary to comply with these regulations.
1.3.2 In order for a MSWLF landfill operator to obtain approval for use of an ADC, the operator must supply performance data to the state Solid Waste Regulatory Agency. In general, the technique used to obtain this permission involves applying to the state Solid Waste Regulatory agency for a sanitary MSWLF operating permit modification.
Note 1: Manufacturers will provide performance data for their product.
1.3.3 Parties interested in the evaluation technology described in the Standard Practice should include MSWLF operators, engineering firms, local, state, and federal Solid Waste Regulatory Agencies, and manufacturers and vendors of ADC materials.
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does ...
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This European standard specifies a method for the differentiated determination of the organic carbon content (TOC400) which is released at temperatures up to 400 °C, the residual oxidizable carbon (ROC) (including e.g. lignite (brown coal), hard coal, charcoal, black carbon, soot) and the inorganic carbon (TIC900) which is released at temperatures up to 900 °C.
The basis is the dry combustion to CO2 in a in the presence of oxygen using using temperatures ranging from 150°C to 900 °C in dry solid samples of soil, soil with anthropogenic admixtures and solid waste (see Table 1) with carbon contents of more than 1 g per kg (0,1 % C) (per carbon type in the test portion).
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This method is used to document the ability of solid waste resource recovery separators to concentrate or classify a particular component (or components) present in solid waste.
5.2 The purity determined in this way is used to calculate the recovery achieved by a separator as another measure of its performance, according to Test Method E1108.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the composition of a materials stream in a solid waste resource recovery processing facility. The composition is determined with respect to one or more defined components. The results are used for determining the purity resulting from the operation of one or more separators, and in conjunction with Test Method E1108 used to measure the efficiency of a materials separation device.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For hazard statements, see Section 7.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The procedures covered in this guide are general and provide the user with information helpful for writing sampling plans, safety plans, labeling and shipping procedures, chain-of-custody procedures, general sampling procedures, general cleaning procedures, and general preservation procedures.
3.2 For purposes of this guide, it is assumed that the user has knowledge of the waste being sampled and the possible safety hazards.
3.3 This guide is not to be used when sampling sites or wastes when safety hazards are unknown. In such cases, the user shall use other more appropriate procedures.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information for formulating and planning the many aspects of waste sampling (see 1.2) that are common to most waste sampling situations.
1.2 The aspects of sampling that this guide addresses are as follows:
Section
Safety plans
4
Sampling plans
5
Quality assurance considerations
6
General sampling considerations
7
Preservation and containerization
8
Cleaning equipment
9
Packaging, labeling, and shipping procedures
10
Chain-of-custody procedure
11
1.3 This guide does not provide comprehensive sampling procedures for these aspects, nor does it serve as a guide to any specific application. It is the responsibility of the user to ensure that the procedures used are proper and adequate.
1.4 Units—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For more specific precautionary statements see 3.2, 3.3, and Section 4.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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IEC 63000:2016 specifies the technical documentation that the manufacturer compiles in order to declare compliance with the applicable substance restrictions
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the chemical and physical requirements of municipal ferrous scrap that are intended for use by such industries listed as follows: copper industry, iIron and steel foundries, iron and steel production, detinning industry, and ferroalloy industry. Municipal ferrous scrap shall conform to the requirements as to chemical composition for the respective end uses prescribed. Also, municipal ferrous scrap shall conform to the physical properties for the respective end uses prescribed.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers the chemical and physical requirements of municipal ferrous scrap that are intended for use by such industries listed as follows:
1.1.1 Copper industry (precipitation process),
1.1.2 Iron and steel foundries,
1.1.3 Iron and steel production,
1.1.4 Detinning industry, and
1.1.5 Ferroalloy industry.
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.3 Questions concerning material rejection, downgrading, and retesting based on failure to meet the requirements of this specification shall be dealt with through contractual arrangements between the purchaser and the supplier.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method can be used to measure the release of a component from a solidified waste form into water at the reference temperature near 20 °C and at elevated temperatures that accelerate the rate and extent of leaching relative to the values measured at the reference temperature. Results of this test method can be used to quantify an intrinsic property of a material, but should not be presumed to represent releases in specific disposal environments. Tests can be conducted under conditions that represent a specific disposal environment (for example, by using a representative groundwater) to determine effective parameter values for those conditions.
5.2 This test method can be used to:
5.2.1 Compare releases of waste components from various types of solidification agents and formulations.
5.2.2 Determine the model parameter values quantifying the release of contaminants from a waste or waste form at a specific temperature.
5.2.3 Promote greater extents of reaction than can be achieved under expected service conditions within a laboratory time frame to provide greater confidence in modeled contaminant releases.
5.2.4 Determine the temperature dependence of contaminant release.
5.3 Fitting the experimental results with a mechanistic model allows release behaviors to be extrapolated to long times and to full-scale waste forms under the following constraints:
5.3.1 The same model must be used to represent the results of tests conducted at elevated temperatures and at the reference temperature because the mechanism must be the same.
5.3.2 Projections of releases over long times require that the waste form matrix remain stable, which may be demonstrated by the physical robustness of specimens recovered from tests conducted at elevated temperatures.
5.3.3 Extrapolations in time at any temperature within the range tested are limited to values that correspond to the maximum CFL value that was measured.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides a procedure for measuring the release rates of elements from a solidified matrix material under conditions that mitigate solution feedback effects. Results can be analyzed by using different models to determine if the elemental releases are controlled by mass transport though the matrix (that is, by diffusion), by a surface dissolution process, or by a combination of processes. This test method is applicable to any material that does not deform during the test.
1.1.1 If mass diffusion is the dominant process in the release mechanism, then the results of this test can be used to derive diffusion coefficients for use in diffusion-based mathematical models.
1.1.2 If surface dissolution is the dominant process, then the results of this test can be used to derive the kinetic dissolution rate in the absence of reaction affinity effects for use in dissolution-based mathematical models.
1.1.3 If release is controlled by coupled or combined dissolution and mass transport processes, then the results of this test can be used to derive effective coefficient values for a mechanistic or empirical model.
1.2 Tests at elevated temperatures are used to accelerate the release process to determine the temperature range over which the release mechanism does not change and to generate results that can be used for calculating releases at lower temperatures over long times, provided that the release mechanism does not change with temperature.
1.2.1 Tests conducted at high temperatures can be used to determine the temperature dependence of model coefficients.
1.2.2 The mechanism is considered to remain unchanged over a range of temperatures if the model coefficients show Arrhenius behavior over that range.
1.2.3 Releases at any temperature within that range can be projected in time up to the highest cumulative fractional release value that has been measured for that material.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as s...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice will identify waste materials that are potentially unstable when they come in contact with other materials at a waste treatment or disposal site.
5.2 This practice will serve to determine the miscibility of waste materials with various media, including other wastes.
5.3 This practice may not be applicable to all wastes. The appropriateness of these tests depends upon the proposed management of the waste.
5.4 Since the initiation of some chemical reactions are slow to take place, the user may wish to establish reagent-to-waste contact times prior to observing the mixes for any reactions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is designed to determine whether a waste material reacts when it is mixed with air, water, strong acid, strong base, an oil/solvent mixture, other waste mixtures, or solid media such as a geological formation or solidification agents.
1.2 The miscibility of the waste material with the above media can also be defined.
Note 1: The following ASTM standards provide supplemental information: Test Methods D4978, D4980, D4982, D5049, and D5057 and Practices D4979, D4981, and D5058.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 8.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method describes a physical property of solid waste in processing facilities, a property that characterizes the solid waste streams and hence the operation of resource recovery separators and processors.
5.2 The bulk density is an important property for the design of materials handling equipment, separators, and processors.
5.3 In this test method, bulk density is not considered an absolute material property as is the density of individual particles of a material. The measured bulk density here depends on the size of the container, the moisture content of the “as tested” material, and how the material is loaded into the container. For example, the bulk density of material placed loosely in a container will be less than that of material tamped into a container. Also, some materials placed loosely in a container will settle with time due to its own weight; thus, its bulk density will increase. As written, the “as tested” waste sample may or may not be dried prior to testing, so that calculated bulk density includes the moisture associated with the “as tested” material.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method may be used to determine the bulk density of various fractions from the resource recovery processing of municipal solid waste. It is intended as a means of characterizing such fractions and for providing data useful to designers of solid waste processing plants.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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IEC 63000:2016 specifies the technical documentation that the manufacturer compiles in order to declare compliance with the applicable substance restrictions
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This Technical Specification provides methods, which can be used to assess the monolithic character of a stabilised/solidified waste, with respect to landfilling. Information on the monolithic character is required to enable the choice of appropriate leaching tests for determination of the release of different substances from stabilised/solidified waste under specified (landfilling) conditions.
This document includes several physical and/or chemical test methods each addressing different aspects of monolithic character. The selection of methods required for an assessment of the monolithic character of a stabilised/solidified waste may vary, depending on the scenario to be addressed or it can be specified in regulation.
Rather than describing the procedures and methods in detail this document refers to existing standards and provides some guidance on their use on stabilised/solidified waste materials.
This Technical Specification does not address issues related to health and safety.
The following procedures and methods are included in this document:
- test to determine unconfined compressive strength;
- test to determine permeability;
- test to determine the loss of mass by dissolution;
- test to determine expansion;
- test to determine the content of organic matter;
- test to determine freeze/thaw effects.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The establishment of these test methods for municipal ferrous scrap as a raw material for certain industries (see Specification E702) will aid commerce in such scrap by providing the chemical and physical tests for the characterization of the scrap needed as a basis for communication between the purchaser and supplier.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover various tests for assessing the usefulness of a ferrous fraction recovered from municipal wastes.
1.2 These test methods comprise both chemical and physical tests, as follows:
Section
Sampling
5
Bulk Density
6
Total Combustibles
7
Chemical Analysis (for Industries Other Than the
Detinning Industry)
8
Magnetic Fraction (for the Detinning Industry)
9
Chemical Analysis for Tin (for the Detinning Industry)
10
Metallic Yield for All Industries Other Than the Copper
Industry and the Detinning Industry
11
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The laboratory weathering procedure will generate data that can be used to: (1) determine whether a solid material will produce an acidic, alkaline, or neutral effluent, (2) identify solutes in the effluent that represent dissolved weathering products formed during a specified period of time, (3) determine the mass of solute release, and (4) determine the rate at which solutes are released (from the solids into the effluent) under the closely controlled conditions of the test.
5.2 Data generated by the laboratory weathering procedure can be used to address the following objectives: (1) determine the variation of drainage quality as a function of compositional variations (for example, iron sulfide and calcium+magnesium carbonate contents) within individual mine-rock lithologies, (2) determine the amount of acid that can be neutralized by the sample while maintaining drainage pH ≥6.0 under the conditions of the test, (3) estimate mine-rock weathering rates to aid in predicting the environmental behavior of mine rock, and (4) determine mine-rock weathering rates to aid in experimental design of site-specific kinetic tests.
5.3 The laboratory weathering procedure provides conditions conducive to oxidation of solid material constituents and enhances the transport of weathering reaction products contained in the resulting weekly effluent. This is accomplished by controlling the exposure of the solid material sample to such environmental parameters as reaction environment temperature and application rate of water and oxygen.
5.4 Because efficient removal of reaction products is vital to track mineral dissolution rates during the procedure, laboratory leach volumes are large per unit mass of rock to promote the rinsing of weathering reaction products from the mine-rock sample. A comparison of laboratory kinetic tests with field tests has shown that more reaction products from mineral dissolution are consistently released per unit weight and unit time in laborat...
SCOPE
1.1 This kinetic test method covers a laboratory weathering procedure that (1) enhances reaction-product transport in the aqueous leach of a solid material sample of specified mass, and (2) measures rates of weathering-product mass release. Soluble weathering products are mobilized by a fixed-volume aqueous leach that is performed and collected weekly. Leachate samples are analyzed for pH, alkalinity/acidity, specific conductance, sulfate, and other selected analytes.
1.1.1 This test method is intended for use to meet kinetic testing regulatory requirements for mining waste rock and ores sized to pass a 6.3-mm (0.25-in.) Tyler screen.
1.1.2 Interlaboratory testing of this method has been confined to mine waste rock. Application of this test method to metallurgical processing waste (for example, mill tailings) is outside the scope of the test method.
1.2 This test method is a modification of a laboratory weathering procedure developed originally for mining wastes (1-3).2 However, it may have useful application wherever gaseous oxidation coupled with aqueous leaching are important mechanisms for contaminant mobility.
1.3 This test method calls for the weekly leaching of a well-characterized solid material sample (weighing at least 1000 g) with water of specified purity, and the collection and chemical characterization of the resulting leachate. Test duration is determined by the user’s objectives of the test. See Guide D8187.3
1.4 As described, this test method may not be suitable for some materials containing plastics, polymers, or refined metals. These materials may be resistant to traditional particle size reduction methods.
1.5 Additionally, this test method has not been tested for applicability to organic substances and volatile matter.
1.6 This test method is not intended to provide leachates that are identical to the actual leachate produced from a solid material in the field or to produce leach...
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This Technical Specification provides methods, which can be used to assess the monolithic character of a stabilised/solidified waste, with respect to landfilling. Information on the monolithic character is required to enable the choice of appropriate leaching tests for determination of the release of different substances from stabilised/solidified waste under specified (landfilling) conditions.
This document includes several physical and/or chemical test methods each addressing different aspects of monolithic character. The selection of methods required for an assessment of the monolithic character of a stabilised/solidified waste may vary, depending on the scenario to be addressed or it can be specified in regulation.
Rather than describing the procedures and methods in detail this document refers to existing standards and provides some guidance on their use on stabilised/solidified waste materials.
This Technical Specification does not address issues related to health and safety.
The following procedures and methods are included in this document:
- test to determine unconfined compressive strength;
- test to determine permeability;
- test to determine the loss of mass by dissolution;
- test to determine expansion;
- test to determine the content of organic matter;
- test to determine freeze/thaw effects.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The degree and rate of aerobic biodegradability of a plastic material in the environment determines the extent to which and time period over which plastic materials are mineralized by soil microorganisms. Disposal is becoming a major issue with the increasing use of plastics, and the results of this test method permit an estimation of the degree of biodegradability and the time period over which plastics will remain in an aerobic soil environment. This test method determines the degree of aerobic biodegradation by measuring evolved carbon dioxide as a function of time that the plastic is exposed to soil.
5.2 Soil is an extremely species-rich source of inoculum for evaluation of the biodegradability of plastics in the environment. When maintained appropriately with regard to moisture content and oxygen availability, the biological activity is quite considerable, although lower than other biologically active environments, such as activated sewage-sludge or compost.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers determination under laboratory conditions of the degree and rate of aerobic biodegradation of plastic materials, including formulation additives, in contact with soil.
1.2 This test method is designed to measure the biodegradability of plastic materials relative to a reference material in an aerobic environment.
1.3 This test method is designed to be applicable to all plastic materials that are not inhibitory to the bacteria and fungi present in soil.
1.4 Claims of performance shall be limited to the numerical result obtained in the test and not be used for unqualified “biodegradable” claims. Reports shall clearly state the percentage of net gaseous carbon generation for both the test and reference samples at the completion of the test. Results shall not be extrapolated beyond the actual duration of the test.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. A specific hazard statement is given in Section 8.
1.7 This ASTM test method is equivalent to ISO 17556.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Use of HCT Data and Testing Objectives—The laboratory weathering test method (D5744) generates data that can be used to:
4.1.1 Determine whether a solid material will produce an acidic, alkaline, or neutral effluent;
4.1.2 Identify solutes in the effluent that represent dissolved weathering products formed during a specified period of time, and inform the user of their potential to produce environmental impacts at a mining or metallurgical processing site under proposed operating conditions;
4.1.3 Determine the mass of solute release; and
4.1.4 Determine the rate at which solutes are released (from the solids into the effluent) under the closely controlled conditions of the test for comparison to other materials.
4.1.5 These approaches are based on the existence of detailed mineralogical work and static tests that provide a basis for interpreting HCT results.
4.1.6 Detailed mineralogical work might lead a reviewer to suspect either acid neutralization potential (ANP) or acid generation potential (AGP) minerals have questionable availability, which would be a significant factor in interpreting HCT results and decisions concerning test duration.
4.2 Interpretation of data generated by the laboratory weathering procedure can be used to address the following objectives:
4.2.1 Determine the variation of drainage quality as a function of compositional variations (for example, iron sulfide and calcium plus magnesium carbonate contents) within individual mine rock lithologies;
4.2.2 Determine the amount of acid that can be neutralized by the sample while maintaining a drainage pH of ≥6.0 under the conditions of the test;
4.2.3 Estimate mine rock weathering rates to aid in predicting the environmental behavior of mine rock; and
4.2.4 Determine mine rock weathering rates to aid in experimental design of site-specific kinetic tests.
4.3 Interpretation Approaches—Guides A, B, and C are intended as examples of what to consider in developin...
SCOPE
1.1 This kinetic test guide covers interpretation and cooperative management of a standard laboratory weathering procedure, Test Method D5744. The guide suggests strategies for analysis and interpretation of data produced by Test Method D5744 on mining waste rock, metallurgical processing wastes, and ores.
1.1.1 Cooperative management of the testing involves agreement of stakeholders in defining the objectives of the testing, analytical requirements, planning the initial estimate of duration of the testing, and discussion of the results at decision points to determine if the testing period needs to be extended and the disposition of the residues.
1.2 The humidity cell test (HCT) enhances reaction product transport in the aqueous leach of a solid material sample of specified mass. Standard conditions allow comparison of the relative reactivity of materials during interpretation of results.
1.3 The HCT measures rates of weathering product mass release. Soluble weathering products are mobilized by a fixed-volume aqueous leach that is performed and collected weekly. Leachate samples are analyzed for pH, alkalinity/acidity, specific conductance, sulfates, and other selected analytes which may be regulated in the environmental drainage at a particular mining or metallurgical processing site.
1.4 This guide covers the interpretation of standard humidity cell tests conducted to obtain results for the following objectives:
Guide and Objective
Sections
A – Confirmation of Static Testing Results
5 – 6
B – Evaluation of Reactivity and Leachate Quality
for Segregating Mine, Processing Waste, or
Ore
7 – 8
C – Evaluation of Quality of Neutralization
Potential Available to React with Produced
Acid
9 – 10
1.5 This guide is intended to facilitate use of Test Method D5744 to meet kinetic testing regulatory requirements for metallurgical processing products, mining waste ...
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 A knowledge of the inorganic composition of a waste is often required for the selection of appropriate waste disposal practices. Solid waste may exist in a variety of forms and contain a range of organic and inorganic constituents. This practice describes a digestion procedure which dissolves many of the toxic inorganic constituents and produces a solution suitable for determination of total recoverable contents by such techniques as atomic absorption spectroscopy, atomic emission spectroscopy, and so forth. The relatively large sample size aids representative sampling of heterogenous wastes. The relatively small dilution factor allows lower detection limits than most other sample digestion methods. Volatile metals, such as lead and mercury, are not lost during this digestion procedure, however organo-lead and organo-mercury may not be completely digested. Hydride-forming elements, such as arsenic and selenium, may be partially lost. Samples with total metal contents greater than 5 % may give low results. The analyst is responsible for determining whether this practice is applicable to the solid waste being tested.
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1.1 This practice describes the partial digestion of solid waste using nitric acid for the subsequent determination of the total recoverable content of inorganic constituents.
1.2 This practice is to be used when the concentrations of total recoverable elements are to be determined from a waste sample. Total recoverable elements are often not equivalent to total elemental content, because of the solubility of the speciated forms of the element in the sample matrix. Recovery from refractory sample matrices, such as soils, is usually significantly less than total concentrations of the elements present.
Note 1: This practice has been used successfully for oily sludges and a municipal digested sludge standard [Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Sample No. 397]. The practice may be applicable to some elements not listed above, such as arsenic, barium, selenium, cobalt, magnesium, and calcium. Refractory elements such as silicon, silver, and titanium, as well as organo-mercury, are not solubilized by this practice.
1.3 This practice has been divided into two methods, A and B, with Method A utilizing an electric hot plate and Method B utilizing an electric digestion block.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This Standard is applicable to determine the leaching behaviour of inorganic constituents from granular waste (without or with size reduction. The waste body is subjected to percolation with water as a function of liquid to solid ratio under specified percolation conditions. The waste is leached under hydraulically dynamic conditions. The method is a once-through column leaching test and the test results establish the distinction between different release patterns, for instance wash-out and release under the influence of interaction with the matrix, when approaching local equilibrium between waste and leachant.
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This European Standard specifies the relevant characteristics of geotextiles and geotextile-related products used in solid waste disposals, and the appropriate test methods to determine these characteristics.
The intended use of these geotextiles or geotextile-related products is to fulfil one or more of the following functions: filtration, separation, reinforcement and protection. The separation function will always occur in conjunction with filtration or reinforcement, and hence will not be specified alone.
This European Standard is not applicable to geosynthetic barriers, as defined in EN ISO 10318 1.
This European Standard provides for the assessment and verification of constancy of performance of the product to this European Standard and for factory production control procedures.
Particular application cases may contain requirements regarding additional properties and – preferably standardized – test methods, if they are technically relevant.
This European Standard may be used to derive design values by taking into account factors within the context of the definitions given in EN 1997 1 (Eurocode 7), e.g. factors of safety. The design life of the product should be determined, since its function may be temporary, as a construction expediency, or permanent, for the lifetime of the structure.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Elemental species such as Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb are widely used in many industrial processes. These elements have been identified in many former industrial sites driving the need for a quick, easy method for testing on-site at trace levels in soil and solid waste matrices.
5.2 This method may be used for quantitative determinations of Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in soil matrices and solid waste. Typical test time is 90 seconds to 15 minutes.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is based upon energy-dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry using multiple monochromatic excitation beams for detection and quantification of selected heavy metal elements in soil and related solid waste.
1.2 This test method is also known as High Definition X-ray Fluorescence (HDXRF) or Multiple Monochromatic Beam EDXRF (MMB-EDXRF).
1.3 This test method is applicable to various soil matrices for the determination of Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb in the range of 1 to 5000 mg/kg, as specified in Table 1 and determined by a ruggedness study using representative samples. The limit of detection (LOD) for each element is listed in Table 1. The LOD is estimated by measuring a SiO2 blank sample (see Table X1.1 in Appendix X1).
1.4 This test method is applicable to other elements: Sb, Cu, Se, Ag, Tl, Zn, Ba, Au, Co, V, Fe, Mn, Mo, K, Rb, Sn, Sr, and Ti.
1.5 X-ray Nomenclature—This standard names X-ray lines using the Siegbahn convention.2
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is intended for the evaluation of the wetting and drying resistance of monolithic, solid, solidified/stabilized wastes under the testing conditions of this test method.
3.2 This test method may be used for the comparison of wetting and drying resistance of wastes.
3.3 Data tabulated in Table 1, Table 2, and Table 3 may be used to observe irregularities caused by inhomogeneity of specimens, or comparison of mass loss-cycle relations of different wastes, or both, as well as to measure method-related mass losses such as matrix dissolution.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers procedures for determining material losses produced by repeated wetting and drying of solid waste specimens. It also covers the visual observation of the disintegration of solid specimens.
1.2 This test method intends that the material used in the procedure be physically, chemically, and biologically representative; hence it does not address problems as a result of the inhomogeneity of specimens.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Waste composition information has widespread applications and can be used for activities such as solid waste planning, designing waste management facilities, and establishing a reference waste composition for use as a baseline standard in both facility contracts and acceptance test plans.
4.2 The method can be used to define and report the composition of MSW through the selection and manual sorting of waste samples. Where applicable, care should be taken to consider the source and seasonal variation of waste.
4.3 After performing a waste composition analysis, laboratory analyses may be performed on representative samples of waste components, or mixtures of waste components, for purposes related to the planning, management, design, testing, and operation of resource recovery facilities.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes procedures for measuring the composition of unprocessed municipal solid waste (MSW) by employing manual sorting. This test method applies to determination of the mean composition of MSW based on the collection and manual sorting of a number of samples of waste over a selected time period covering a minimum of one week.
1.2 This test method includes procedures for the collection of a representative sorting sample of unprocessed waste, manual sorting of the waste into individual waste components, data reduction, and reporting of the results.
1.3 This test method may be applied at landfill sites, waste processing and conversion facilities, and transfer stations.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazard statements, see Section 6.
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This European Standard is applicable for determining the leaching behaviour of monolithic wastes under dynamic conditions. The test is performed under fixed experimental conditions in this document. This test is aimed at determining the release as a function of time of inorganic constituents from a monolithic waste, when it is put into contact with an aqueous solution (leachant).
This dynamic monolithic leaching test (DMLT) is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920 and is therefore not aimed at simulating real situations. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a monolithic waste under specified conditions.
In the framework of EN 12920 and in combination with additional chemical information, the test results are used to identify the leaching mechanisms and their relative importance. The intrinsic properties can be used to predict the release of constituents at a given time frame, in order to assess the leaching behaviour of monolithic waste materials, placed in different situations or scenarios (including disposal and recycling scenarios).
The test method applies to regularly shaped test portions of monolithic wastes with minimum dimensions of 40 mm in all directions that are assumed to maintain their integrity over a time frame relevant for the considered scenario. The test method applies to test portions for which the geometric surface area can be determined with the help of simple geometric equations. The test method applies to low permeable monolithic materials.
Within the reproducibility ranges, the leaching results obtained with EN 15863 are expected to be equivalent to those obtained with CEN/TS 16637-2 (DMLT for construction products), because the main testing conditions are equalized in both standards. As shown in the results obtained with EN 15863 (see Annex E), they are also demonstrated to be comparable with EPA method 1315 (SW846). These observations imply that a monolithic waste tested with this European Standard, does not need to be tested a second time, when the material proves suitable for beneficial use in construction and provided it has not undergone a treatment or other changes modifying its leaching behaviour.
NOTE 1 If, in order to comply with the requirements of regular shape, the test portion is prepared by cutting or coring, then new surfaces are exposed which can lead to change(s) in leaching properties. On the other hand if the test portion is prepared by moulding, the surface will be dependent to the type of mould and the conditions of storage. If the intention is to evaluate the behaviour of the material core, the specimen needs to be stored without any contact with air to avoid carbonation.
NOTE 2 For monolithic waste materials with a saturated hydraulic conductivity higher than 10−8 m/s water is likely to percolate through the monolith rather than flow around. In such cases relating the release to the geometric surface can lead to misinterpretation. A percolation test is more appropriate then (e.g. CEN/TS 14405).
This procedure may not be applicable to materials reacting with the leachant, leading for example to excessive gas emission or an excessive heat release.
This document has been developed to determine the release of mainly inorganic constituents from wastes. It does not take into account the particular characteristics of organic constituents, nor the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable wastes.
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This European Standard is applicable for determining the leaching behaviour of monolithic wastes under dynamic conditions. The test is performed under fixed experimental conditions in this document. This test is aimed at determining the release as a function of time of inorganic constituents from a monolithic waste, when it is put into contact with an aqueous solution (leachant).
This dynamic monolithic leaching test (DMLT) is a parameter specific test as specified in EN 12920 and is therefore not aimed at simulating real situations. The application of this test method alone is not sufficient for the determination of the detailed leaching behaviour of a monolithic waste under specified conditions.
In the framework of EN 12920 and in combination with additional chemical information, the test results are used to identify the leaching mechanisms and their relative importance. The intrinsic properties can be used to predict the release of constituents at a given time frame, in order to assess the leaching behaviour of monolithic waste materials, placed in different situations or scenarios (including disposal and recycling scenarios).
The test method applies to regularly shaped test portions of monolithic wastes with minimum dimensions of 40 mm in all directions that are assumed to maintain their integrity over a time frame relevant for the considered scenario. The test method applies to test portions for which the geometric surface area can be determined with the help of simple geometric equations. The test method applies to low permeable monolithic materials.
Within the reproducibility ranges, the leaching results obtained with EN 15863 are expected to be equivalent to those obtained with CEN/TS 16637-2 (DMLT for construction products), because the main testing conditions are equalized in both standards. As shown in the results obtained with EN 15863 (see Annex E), they are also demonstrated to be comparable with EPA method 1315 (SW846). These observations imply that a monolithic waste tested with this European Standard, does not need to be tested a second time, when the material proves suitable for beneficial use in construction and provided it has not undergone a treatment or other changes modifying its leaching behaviour.
NOTE 1 If, in order to comply with the requirements of regular shape, the test portion is prepared by cutting or coring, then new surfaces are exposed which can lead to change(s) in leaching properties. On the other hand if the test portion is prepared by moulding, the surface will be dependent to the type of mould and the conditions of storage. If the intention is to evaluate the behaviour of the material core, the specimen needs to be stored without any contact with air to avoid carbonation.
NOTE 2 For monolithic waste materials with a saturated hydraulic conductivity higher than 10−8 m/s water is likely to percolate through the monolith rather than flow around. In such cases relating the release to the geometric surface can lead to misinterpretation. A percolation test is more appropriate then (e.g. CEN/TS 14405).
This procedure may not be applicable to materials reacting with the leachant, leading for example to excessive gas emission or an excessive heat release.
This document has been developed to determine the release of mainly inorganic constituents from wastes. It does not take into account the particular characteristics of organic constituents, nor the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable wastes.
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This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of selected polybrominated flame retardants (BFR), chemically known as polybrominated diphenylethers (BDE), in waste materials using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the electron impact (EI) ionisation mode (GC-EI-MS).
When applying GC-EI-MS, the method is applicable to samples containing 100 µg/kg to 5 000 µg/kg of tetra- to octabromodiphenylether congeners and 100 µg/kg to 10 000 µg/kg of decabromo diphenylether (see Table 1). It is also possible to analyse other brominated flame retardants applying the method described in this European Standard, provided the method's applicability has been proven.
(...)
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This European Standard specifies a method for the determination of selected polybrominated flame retardants (BFR), chemically known as polybrominated diphenylethers (BDE), in waste materials using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in the electron impact (EI) ionisation mode (GC-EI-MS).
When applying GC-EI-MS, the method is applicable to samples containing 100 µg/kg to 5 000 µg/kg of tetra- to octabromodiphenylether congeners and 100 µg/kg to 10 000 µg/kg of decabromo diphenylether (see Table 1). It is also possible to analyse other brominated flame retardants applying the method described in this European Standard, provided the method's applicability has been proven.
(...)
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This Technical Report gives additional and specific information on sampling for testing of waste from the extractive industry to support the development of appropriate sampling plans. This supplementary guidance to EN 14899 is required because waste from the extractive industry differs considerably from the waste types and sampling scenarios covered in the existing technical reports (CEN/TR 15310-1 to -5) that support the Framework Standard. This guidance document should be used in conjunction with EN 14899 and its supporting technical reports CEN/TR 15310-1 to -5.
The approach to sampling described in this document is primarily focused on the requirements to undertake mineralogical and geochemical testing of the waste. Whilst much of the background information provided is also relevant to geotechnical investigations there may be important additional requirements or differences in approach for determining relevant physical parameters. For example, many geotechnical parameters are determined using field tests, which are not discussed in this document. References to alternative source documentation are provided.
The guidance provided in this document applies only to above-ground exposure to radio-nuclides present in the undisturbed earth crust and not to the production, processing, handling use, holding, storage, transport, or disposal of radioactive substances that are or have been processed for their radioactive, fissile or fertile properties.
This Technical Report provides some discussion of current best practice, but is not exhaustive. To clarify the text, the document provides a number of worked examples in the Annexes.
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This European standard specifies methods to determine the potential of sulfide bearing materials for the formation of acidic drainage. Specified are methods for determining both the acid potential (AP) and the neutralisation potential (NP) of the material. From these results the net neutralisation potential (NNP) and the neutralisation potential ratio (NPR) are calculated. This European standard is applicable to all sulfide bearing wastes from the extractive industries excluding wastes which will have pH < 2 in the initial step of the procedure described in 8.2.3.
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This document specifies a compliance test for routine testing providing information on the leaching of monolithic waste which can be obtained under the experimental conditions specified hereafter with a single batch leaching test at a specified liquid to surface area ratio (L/A) of 12 (cm3cm-2). It applies to test portion of monolithic waste of regular shape, with a minimum dimension of 40 mm in all directions, obtained e.g. by cutting, coring or moulding.
This document is not applicable if the surface area of the test portion cannot be determined by simple geometrical means.
This document has been developed to determine the release of mainly inorganic constituents from wastes. It does not take into account the particular characteristics of organic constituents nor the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable wastes.
The test procedure specified in this document produces an eluate which subsequently need to be characterised physically and chemically, according to appropriate standard methods.
NOTE 1 If, in order to comply with the requirement of regular shape, the test portion is prepared by cutting or coring, then new surfaces are exposed which can lead to change(s) in leaching properties.
NOTE 2 This procedure may not be applicable to materials reacting with the leachant, leading for example to excessive gas emission or an excessive heat release.
This leaching test does not provide information by itself on dynamic leaching behaviour, as specified in EN 12920. It does not give information on equilibrium conditions. For specific situations or basic characterization, other tests are available in the toolbox of CEN/TC 292 "Characterization of waste".
This document does not address issues related to health and safety.
- Technical specification21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report gives additional and specific information on sampling for testing of waste from the extractive industry to support the development of appropriate sampling plans. This supplementary guidance to EN 14899 is required because waste from the extractive industry differs considerably from the waste types and sampling scenarios covered in the existing technical reports (CEN/TR 15310-1 to -5) that support the Framework Standard. This guidance document should be used in conjunction with EN 14899 and its supporting technical reports CEN/TR 15310-1 to -5.
The approach to sampling described in this document is primarily focused on the requirements to undertake mineralogical and geochemical testing of the waste. Whilst much of the background information provided is also relevant to geotechnical investigations there may be important additional requirements or differences in approach for determining relevant physical parameters. For example, many geotechnical parameters are determined using field tests, which are not discussed in this document. References to alternative source documentation are provided.
The guidance provided in this document applies only to above-ground exposure to radio-nuclides present in the undisturbed earth crust and not to the production, processing, handling use, holding, storage, transport, or disposal of radioactive substances that are or have been processed for their radioactive, fissile or fertile properties.
This Technical Report provides some discussion of current best practice, but is not exhaustive. To clarify the text, the document provides a number of worked examples in the Annexes.
- Technical report55 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
CEN/TC 292 - Editorial modification into Table 1.
- Corrigendum2 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a compliance test for routine testing providing information on the leaching of monolithic waste which can be obtained under the experimental conditions specified hereafter with a single batch leaching test at a specified liquid to surface area ratio (L/A) of 12 (cm3cm-2). It applies to test portion of monolithic waste of regular shape, with a minimum dimension of 40 mm in all directions, obtained e.g. by cutting, coring or moulding.
This document is not applicable if the surface area of the test portion cannot be determined by simple geometrical means.
This document has been developed to determine the release of mainly inorganic constituents from wastes. It does not take into account the particular characteristics of organic constituents nor the consequences of microbiological processes in organic degradable wastes.
The test procedure specified in this document produces an eluate which subsequently need to be characterised physically and chemically, according to appropriate standard methods.
NOTE 1 If, in order to comply with the requirement of regular shape, the test portion is prepared by cutting or coring, then new surfaces are exposed which can lead to change(s) in leaching properties.
NOTE 2 This procedure may not be applicable to materials reacting with the leachant, leading for example to excessive gas emission or an excessive heat release.
This leaching test does not provide information by itself on dynamic leaching behaviour, as specified in EN 12920. It does not give information on equilibrium conditions. For specific situations or basic characterization, other tests are available in the toolbox of CEN/TC 292 "Characterization of waste".
This document does not address issues related to health and safety.
- Technical specification21 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard specifies methods to determine the potential of sulfide bearing materials for the formation of acidic drainage. Specified are methods for determining both the acid potential (AP) and the neutralisation potential (NP) of the material. From these results the net neutralisation potential (NNP) and the neutralisation potential ratio (NPR) are calculated.
This European standard is applicable to all sulfide bearing wastes from the extractive industries excluding wastes which will have pH < 2 in the initial step of the procedure described in 8.2.3.
- Standard25 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This European standard specifies methods to determine the potential of sulfide bearing materials for the formation of acidic drainage. Specified are methods for determining both the acid potential (AP) and the neutralisation potential (NP) of the material. From these results the net neutralisation potential (NNP) and the neutralisation potential ratio (NPR) are calculated.
This European standard is applicable to all sulfide bearing wastes from the extractive industries excluding wastes which will have pH < 2 in the initial step of the procedure described in 8.2.3.
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This Technical Report gives guidance on the strategy for on-site verification and quality control of waste at landfills. It describes methods of visual inspection, control of documents and choice of necessity of testing by either screening methods or reference methods. It gives guidance on sampling, sample preparation and extraction for analysis.
The same procedures may be useful for on-site verification and quality control of waste at treatment plants.
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This Technical Report gives guidance on the strategy for on-site verification and quality control of waste at landfills. It describes methods of visual inspection, control of documents and choice of necessity of testing by either screening methods or reference methods. It gives guidance on sampling, sample preparation and extraction for analysis.
The same procedures may be useful for on-site verification and quality control of waste at treatment plants.
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This European Standard specifies the procedure for a quantitative determination of major and trace element concentrations in homogeneous solid waste, soil and soil-like material by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) spectrometry or wavelength dispersive X-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometry using a calibration with matrix-matched standards.
This European Standard is applicable for the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Ag, Cd, Sn, Sb, Te, I, Cs, Ba, Ta, W, Hg, Tl, Pb, Bi, Th and U. Concentration levels between approximately 0,000 1 % and 100 % can be determined depending on the element and the instrument used.
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This Technical Report describes techniques for sampling liquid and granular waste material, including paste-like materials and sludges, found in a variety of locations. The Technical Report provides information to allow the selection and preparation of equipment and apparatus to be used in the sampling activity.
NOTE 1 This Technical Report provides a shop shelf of example sampling techniques that can be selected to meet a wide range of sampling situations. For a specific situation one of the presented procedures may be appropriate.
NOTE 2 The procedures listed in this Technical Report reflect current best practice, but these are not exhaustive and other procedures may be equally relevant.
- Technical report64 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report describes procedures for reducing the overall size of the waste materials in the field to aid practical transportation of a sample to the laboratory.
NOTE 1 This Technical Report provides a shop shelf of example sampling techniques that can be selected to meet a wide range of sampling situations. For a specific situation one of the presented procedures may be appropriate.
NOTE 2 The procedures listed in this Technical Report reflect current best practice, but these are not exhaustive and other procedures may be equally relevant.
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This Technical Report discusses the statistical principles of sampling, and provides a number of statistical tools to assist in the design of testing programmes for application to sampling under various conditions.
NOTE 1 Given the great variety of waste types, sampling situations and objectives, this Technical Report cannot provide definitive instructions that cover all scenarios. Instead, it discusses the basic statistical approach to be followed, and provides statistical tools that can be applied to determine the amount and type of sampling (e.g. number of samples and sample size) in any given situation to achieve results of adequate reliability (i.e. precision and confidence).
NOTE 2 The document provides considerable detail on current best practice, but is not exhaustive.
NOTE 3 To clarify the text, the document provides a number of worked examples.
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This Technical Report provides guidance on process of defining of a Sampling Plan based on the objective of the testing programme. It specifically deals with the strategic decisions that are needed, based on the sampling objective.
NOTE 1 Given the great variety of waste types, sampling situations and objectives, this Technical Report cannot provide definitive instructions that cover all scenarios. Instead, it discusses the basic statistical approach to be followed, and provides statistical tools that can be applied to determine the amount and type of sampling (e.g. number of samples and sample size) in any given situation to achieve results of adequate reliability (i.e. precision and confidence).
NOTE 2 The document provides considerable detail on current best practice, but is not exhaustive.
NOTE 3 To clarify the text, the document provides a number of worked examples.
- Technical report42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report describes procedures for the packaging, preservation, short-term storage and transport of both solid and liquid waste samples, including paste-like substances and sludges. Where available and appropriate for field application, requirements for specific storage conditions and/or preservation methods should be selected from the chosen analytical standard and collaboration with the testing laboratory.
NOTE 1 This Technical Report provides a shop shelf of example sampling techniques that can be selected to meet a wide range of sampling situations. For a specific situation one of the presented procedures may be appropriate.
NOTE 2 The procedures listed in this Technical Report reflect current best practice, but these are not exhaustive and other procedures may be equally relevant.
- Technical report20 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report describes procedures for reducing the overall size of the waste materials in the field to aid practical transportation of a sample to the laboratory.
NOTE 1 This Technical Report provides a shop shelf of example sampling techniques that can be selected to meet a wide range of sampling situations. For a specific situation one of the presented procedures may be appropriate.
NOTE 2 The procedures listed in this Technical Report reflect current best practice, but these are not exhaustive and other procedures may be equally relevant.
- Technical report22 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report provides guidance on process of defining of a Sampling Plan based on the objective of the testing programme. It specifically deals with the strategic decisions that are needed, based on the sampling objective.
NOTE 1 Given the great variety of waste types, sampling situations and objectives, this Technical Report cannot provide definitive instructions that cover all scenarios. Instead, it discusses the basic statistical approach to be followed, and provides statistical tools that can be applied to determine the amount and type of sampling (e.g. number of samples and sample size) in any given situation to achieve results of adequate reliability (i.e. precision and confidence).
NOTE 2 The document provides considerable detail on current best practice, but is not exhaustive.
NOTE 3 To clarify the text, the document provides a number of worked examples.
- Technical report42 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This Technical Report describes techniques for sampling liquid and granular waste material, including paste-like materials and sludges, found in a variety of locations. The Technical Report provides information to allow the selection and preparation of equipment and apparatus to be used in the sampling activity.
NOTE 1 This Technical Report provides a shop shelf of example sampling techniques that can be selected to meet a wide range of sampling situations. For a specific situation one of the presented procedures may be appropriate.
NOTE 2 The procedures listed in this Technical Report reflect current best practice, but these are not exhaustive and other procedures may be equally relevant.
- Technical report64 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day