ISO/TC 35 - Paints and varnishes

This document specifies the heat flow measurement method of the solar irradiation penetration ratio of paint films used for roofs and outer walls of buildings, structures, equipment or facilities situated outdoors and exposed to solar irradiation.

This document specifies requirements for almandite garnet abrasives, as supplied for blast-cleaning. It specifies ranges of particle sizes and values for apparent density, Mohs hardness, moisture content, conductivity of aqueous extract and water-soluble chlorides. The requirements specified in this document apply to abrasives supplied in the new condition only. They do not apply to abrasives either during or after use. Test methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives are given in the various parts of the ISO 11127 series. NOTE Although this document has been developed specifically to meet requirements for preparation of steelwork, the properties specified are generally appropriate for use when preparing other material surfaces, or components, using blast- cleaning techniques. These techniques are described in ISO 8504-2.[ REF Reference_ref_8 \r \h 1 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B0200000008000000100000005200650066006500720065006E00630065005F007200650066005F0038000000 ]

This document specifies a test method to determine the resistance of coatings to a specified cycle of wet (salt fog)/dry/humidity/UV light conditions using a specified solution.

This document provides general test methods for polyisocyanate resins and solutions of polyisocyanate resins intended for use as binders in paints, varnishes and related products.

This document provides requirements to identify visible imperfections and defines three preparation grades for welds, edges and surfaces of steel to assist in achieving efficient corrosion protection. Such imperfections can be visible before or can become visible after an abrasive blast cleaning process. NOTE Although this document has been developed specifically for preparation of steel, the defined preparation grades will generally be appropriate for use when preparing other metal surfaces e.g. aluminium, castings, if agreed.

This document specifies requirements for stainless steel (shot and irregulars), as supplied for blast-cleaning processes. It specifies ranges of particle sizes, together with corresponding grade designations. Values are specified for hardness, density, defect/structural requirements, metallographic structure and chemical composition. The requirements specified in this document apply to abrasives supplied in the new condition only. Test methods for metallic blast-cleaning abrasives are given in the various parts of ISO 11125. Stainless steel shot and irregulars are used in both static and site blasting equipment. They are most often selected where there is a possibility for the recovery and re-use of the abrasive. NOTE 1 Although this document has been developed for preparation of steelwork, these materials are predominantly used for non-ferrous substrates. The properties specified will generally be appropriate for use when preparing other material surfaces, or components, using blast-cleaning techniques, and can be used for applications where no subsequent coating is applied. NOTE 2 Whenever dissimilar metals are used together, galvanic corrosion can occur.

This document specifies test methods for the determination of the percentage of defective particles and of the microstructure of metallic blast-cleaning abrasives.

This document describes a classification of non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives for the preparation of steel substrates before application of paints and related products. It specifies the characteristics which are required for the complete designation of such abrasives. This document applies to abrasives supplied in the new or unused condition only. It does not apply to abrasives either during or after use. NOTE Although this document has been developed specifically to meet requirements for preparation of steelwork, the properties specified will generally be appropriate for use when preparing other material surfaces, or components, using blast-cleaning techniques. These techniques are described in ISO 8504-2.

This document specifies the general conditions and procedures observed when testing coated test specimens by exposing them to constant condensation-water atmospheres or alternating condensation-water atmospheres, in a cabinet with a heated water reservoir. These conditions and procedures ensure that the results of tests carried out in different laboratories are reproducible. This document does not cover the shape and preparation of the test specimens, the duration of the test and the assessment of the test results.

This document describes a field test for the measurement of chloride ions using special detection tubes. With suitable surface sampling techniques, this document is applicable to steel surfaces before and after cleaning, as well as to painted surfaces between applications of coats.

This document specifies a method for laboratory measurement of the pH value of polymer dispersions and coating materials using pH sensors with a glass membrane.

This document specifies a method for measuring the pH value of dispersions and coating materials using pH sensors with ion-sensitive field-effect transistor (ISFET) technology.

This document specifies an instrumental method for determining the turbidity of clear liquids. It is applicable to resins and resin solutions, solvents, clear coating materials, monomers and any other liquids where clarity is specified.

This document specifies requirements for high chromium white cast iron grit, as supplied for blast-cleaning processes. It specifies ranges of particle sizes, together with corresponding grade designations. Values are specified for hardness, density, defect/structural requirements, metallographic structure and chemical composition. The requirements specified in this document apply to abrasives supplied in the new condition only. They do not apply to abrasives either during or after use. High chromium white cast iron grits are used in both static and site blasting equipment. They are most often selected where there is a possibility for the recovery and re-use of the abrasive. NOTE 1 Although this document has been developed for preparation of steelwork, these materials are predominantly used for non-ferrous substrates. The properties specified will generally be appropriate for use when preparing other material surfaces, or components, using blast-cleaning techniques, and can be used for applications where no subsequent coating is applied. NOTE 2 Whenever dissimilar metals are used together, galvanic corrosion can occur.

This document specifies procedures for assessing the fracture strength of a protective paint coating of any thickness on a steel substrate of thickness not less than 3 mm. The procedures given in document are based on methods used with different types of pull-off test equipment. The results obtained using such different types of equipment are not comparable. This document is only applicable if a fracture strength value is specified, together with the type of test equipment and the manufacturer of the equipment. Usually, this information is included in contract documentation. This document also specifies suitable equipment and defines inspection areas, sampling plans and acceptance/rejection criteria. It does not give any values of the fracture strength of different protective paint coatings.

This document specifies procedures for assessing the resistance of paint systems when a cut in the form of a right-angle lattice pattern (cross-cut) or in the form of an X (X-cut) is made into the paint, penetrating through to the substrate. This document is only applicable if the cross-cut or X-cut test method is specified, together with the rating from the appropriate rating scale. This document also specifies suitable equipment and defines inspection areas, sampling plans and acceptance/rejection criteria. It does not specify ratings for particular coating systems.

This document specifies the apparatus and the analytical methods for determining the in-can total formaldehyde content in water-dilutable coating materials, where the main sources of formaldehyde are in-can preservatives. This document is also applicable to polymer dispersions.

This document specifies the apparatus and the analytical methods for determining the content of in-can isothiazolinone preservatives in water-dilutable coating materials or related products. This document is also applicable to polymer dispersions.

This document specifies general test methods for amino resins and solutions of amino resins intended for use as binders in paints, varnishes and related products.

This document specifies requirements for volcanic lava, as supplied for blast-cleaning processes. It specifies ranges of particle sizes and values for apparent density, Mohs hardness, moisture content, conductivity of aqueous extract and water-soluble chlorides. The requirements specified in this document apply to abrasives supplied in “new” condition only. They do not apply to abrasives either during or after use. Test methods for non-metallic blast-cleaning abrasives are given in the various parts of ISO 11127 series. NOTE Although this document has been developed specifically to meet requirements for the preparation of steelwork, the properties specified will generally be appropriate for use when preparing other material surfaces, or components, using blast-cleaning techniques. These techniques are described in ISO 8504-2.

This document specifies a method for determining the film thickness of coatings on metallic and non-metallic substrates using an ultrasonic gauge.

This document specifies methods for assessing the degree of rusting of surfaces coated with paints and varnishes (organic coatings), and metallic coating plus an organic coating (duplex system), by comparison with pictorial standards. The pictorial standards provided in this document show surfaces which have deteriorated to different degrees by a combination of rust broken through the coating and visible under-rusting. The assessment of the degree of rusting in this document is only an estimation of the affected area on specimen. Edges are not included.

This document defines the overall scope and provides a general overview of the other parts of the ISO 9607 series. It also includes requirements and guidance on using the ISO 9607 series.

This document specifies a test method to determine the polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension of liquids from an interfacial tension with optical methods. The method can be applied for the characterization of liquid coating materials, especially if drying effects occur during alternative measurement. If applied to liquids with non-Newtonian flow behaviour (see ISO 3219-1:2021, 3.22), restrictions can apply.

This document specifies a test method to determine the polar and dispersive fractions of the surface tension of liquids by optical methods. The method can be applied for the characterization of liquid coating materials. If applied to liquids with non-Newtonian flow behaviour (see ISO 3219-1:2021, 3.22), restrictions can apply.

This document specifies a method to measure the dynamic contact angle with an optical method. The dynamic advancing and the dynamic receding contact angles are determined. By using the measurement specified in this document, the wetting and dewetting properties can be characterized. The morphological and chemical homogeneity of interfaces can also be determined.

This document specifies a method for the dynamic measurement of the roll-off angle on a tilt stage of a liquid drop on a solid surface. This document also specifies how the dynamic advancing and receding contact angles of the drop rolling off can be determined. The roll-off angle determined through this method can be applied when evaluating easy-to-clean or anti-adherent surfaces.

This document specifies water jet cleaning methods for the removal of the existing coatings and rust during surface preparation of steel surfaces before application of paints and related products. It provides information on the effectiveness of the individual methods and their fields of application. It also describes the equipment and the procedures to follow.

This document specifies the general procedure to be followed in determining the dynamic viscosity of unpigmented coating materials, such as paints, varnishes and related products, as well as binders at a shear rate range between 9 000 s−1 and 12 000 s−1. It describes an absolute viscosity measurement with cone-plate measuring geometry at high shear rates. The measured value gives information about the resistance offered by the material to brushing, spraying and roller coating during application. The method specified in this document is suitable for all paints and varnishes whether they are Newtonian in behaviour or not. For materials containing dispersions of large particles, the measuring geometry is expected to be adapted.

This document specifies a test method to measure the contact angle for the determination of the surface free energy of a solid surface. The method can be applied for the characterization of substrates and coatings. NOTE 1 For the determination of the surface free energy of polymers and coatings, it is preferred to use either the method according to Owens, Wendt, Rabel and Kaelble or the method according to Wu. NOTE 2 The morphological and chemical homogeneity have an influence on the measuring results. The procedures indicated in this document are based on the state-of-the-art employing the drop projection method in penumbral shadow. Other methods are not excluded. Measuring the contact angle on powders is not part of this document.

This document specifies a test method to measure the surface tension of liquids with an optical method using the pendant drop. The method can be applied for the characterization of liquid coating materials. If applied to liquids with non-Newtonian flow behaviour (as defined in ISO 3219-1:2021, 3.22), restrictions can apply. NOTE For other methods to determine the surface tension, see e.g. EN 14370 and ISO 1409.

This document specifies the sampling and testing of low volatile organic compound (VOC) coating materials and their raw materials. In particular, this document specifies a gas-chromatographic method to quantitatively determine the VOC content (i.e. the content of organic compounds with boiling points up to 250 °C) under standard conditions (101,325 kPa). It is applicable to VOC contents between 0,01 % and 0,1 % by mass. This document does not apply to the determination of the semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) content, which is covered in ISO 11890-2. This document does not apply to volatile organic and volatile inorganic compounds that cannot be determined by gas chromatography. The procedure for identifying the appropriate method for the determination of VOC content and the SVOC content of coating materials and their raw materials is described in ISO/TR 5601.

This document specifies several types of standard panels and provides guidance and requirements on the procedures for their preparation prior to painting. The standard panels described in this document are intended for use in general methods of test for paints, varnishes and related products.

This document is part of the ISO 11890 series, dealing with the sampling and testing of coating materials and their raw materials. This document is applicable to the determination of volatile organic compound (VOC) content in the following cases: — case 1: where there are single-pack coating materials other than case 3, and the expected VOC content is greater than a mass fraction of 5 %, including single-pack coating materials cure not through chemical reactions and single-pack coating materials which cannot be measured by ISO 11890-2 due to chemical cure reactions or gas chromatography temperatures leading to formation of new compounds that would not appear under normal cure conditions and impacts VOC/SVOC calculation.; — case 2: where there are multi-pack coating materials other than case 3 and the expected VOC content is greater than a mass fraction of 1 %; — case 3: where there are radiation curable coating materials, and the expected VOC content is greater than a mass fraction of 5 %. Radiation curable coating materials in this document include coating materials that are cured by UV, electron beam, and other radiation methods. If the system of the first case contains SVOC, but do not cure through chemical reactions, the VOC result can be influenced by SVOC, see Annex C. In this case, ISO 11890-2 is preferred. ISO 11890-1 cannot be used for the determination of the SVOC content. In water-borne coating materials, that do not cure through chemical reactions, if the water content is much greater than VOC content and VOC content is less than a mass fraction of 10 %, ISO 11890-2 is preferred. For all three cases, the main purpose measured is VOC. However, clarify that this VOC content can also contain SVOC. The real VOC content can be lower than the VOC content measured by ISO 11890-1. The method specified in this document assumes that the volatile matter is either water or organic. However, it is possible that other volatile inorganic compounds are present which can require another suitable method for quantification, which is thus allowed for in the calculations. The method defined in this document is not applicable for determination of water content.

This document specifies a method for determining the resistance of wood coatings to artificial weathering performed in an apparatus equipped with fluorescent UV lamps, condensation and water spray devices.

This document specifies a method for assessing the amount of filiform corrosion developed from a scribed mark by measuring the length of the longest filament L and the most frequent length M of filaments. Pictorial examples provided in Annex A of this document illustrate different ratings for the degree of filiform corrosion. A comparison of the test panels with the 12 pictures in Annex A does not supersede the obligatory numerical assessment (method 1 or 2). ISO 4628-1 defines a system used for designating the quantity and size of defects and the intensity of uniform changes in appearance of coatings and outlines the general principles of the system. This system is intended to be used, in particular, for defects caused by ageing and weathering, and for uniform changes such as colour changes, for example yellowing.

This document gives information on an interlaboratory comparison for the determination of the time-dependent structural change (thixotropy) using rheological test methods. Thixotropy is the reversible, time-dependent decrease of shear viscosity η at a constant shear rate γ or shear stress τ. This document provides examples of fields of application, in which important material properties can be characterized by the thixotropy. These fields of application include: — effectiveness of rheological additives and thixotropic agents, respectively; — stability of the structure at rest (e.g. behaviour when starting to pump); — wet film thickness after processing; — levelling and sagging behaviour (e.g. without brushmarks or sag formation); — orientation of effect pigments.

This document gives information on an interlaboratory comparison for the determination of the yield point, using rheological test methods. The yield point is the shear stress τ below which a material does not flow. This document provides examples of fields of applications, in which important material properties are characterized with the aid of the yield point. These fields of application include: — effectiveness of rheological additives; — shelf life (e.g. with regard to sedimentation, separation and flocculation); — stability of the structure at rest; — behaviour when starting to pump; — use in scraper systems; — wet-film thickness; — levelling and sagging behaviour (e.g. without brushmarks or sag formation); — orientation of effect pigments.

This document describes the principle of electrochemical noise measurement (EN), specifically focusing on the application of the technique to indicate the level of protection provided by an organic coating to the underlying metal. It discusses the principles behind the measurement method but also the type of electrochemical apparatus, the experimental set-up and electrodes configurations, the presentation of measured data, and analysis of results that have been used in the work done so far and reported in the references. This work has mainly been done in the laboratory, and there are some examples of work conducted in the field. NOTE At the time of publication of this document, electrochemical noise measurement for coatings is mainly used by a number of academic groups. This document aims to encourage more general application of this method, particularly to field work.

This document specifies a method for determining the density of paints, varnishes and related products using an oscillator. The method is suitable for all materials, including paste-like coatings. If a pressure-resistant type of apparatus is used, the method is also applicable to aerosols.

This document provides pictorial reference standards for designating the degree of chalking of paint coatings. It also describes a method by which the degree of chalking is rated. In using this method, it is essential that care be taken to distinguish between true degradation products and adhering dirt, particularly when chalking is slight.

This document specifies a method for the quantitative determination of monomeric diisocyanate content in coating materials, adhesives and other liquid or pasty materials. This method is suitable for the quantification of the following monomeric diisocyanates: methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI, 2,4’-MDI and 4,4’-MDI), toluene diisocyanate (TDI, 2,6-TDI, 2,4-TDI), (cis/trans) isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI,1,6-HDI) in various matrices for concentrations ranging from 0,01 % to 2,0 % mass fraction. For higher concentrations, a suitable dilution before the derivatization with p-nitrobenzyl-N-propylamine (PNBPA) is performed. The measurements are carried out using ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) with a multiple wavelength detector.

This document specifies a method for determining the boiling range of liquids that boil between 30 °C and 300 °C at normal pressure, and that are chemically stable and do not corrode the apparatus during the distillation. The method is applicable to organic liquids such as hydrocarbons, esters, alcohols, ketones, ethers and similar products. NOTE 1 The method differs from that described in ISO 918 with respect to the volume of the distillation flask, the type of cooler and the distillation receiver. NOTE 2 The method differs from that specified in ISO 3405 with respect to the volume of the distillation flask and the diameter of the hole in the flask support.

This document specifies a method to evaluate the resistance of automobile finishes and other coatings to the impact of a wedge-shaped body which is projected onto the surface under test to simulate the impact of stones.

This document specifies three methods for determining the adhesion by carrying out a pull-off test on a single coating or a multi-coat system of paint, varnish or related product. These methods include: — method A: using two dollies, suitable for testing both rigid and deformable substrates; — method B: testing from one side only, using a single dolly, suitable for rigid substrates only; — method C: using dollies, one as a painted substrate. These test methods have been found useful in comparing the adhesion behaviour of different coatings. It is most useful in providing relative ratings for a series of coated panels exhibiting significant differences in adhesion. The test can be applied using a wide range of substrates. Different procedures are given according to whether the substrate is deformable, e.g. thin metal, plastics and wood, or rigid, e.g. thick concrete and metal plates. To avoid distortion of the substrate during the tensile test, it is common to use a sandwich construction. For example, for special purposes, the coating can be applied directly to the face of a test dolly.

This document specifies a mobile method for evaluating the resistance of automotive finishes to chilled-iron grit projected onto the surface under test to simulate the effect of stone chipping. Results from the test specified in this document are not comparable with results specified in ISO 20567-1.

This document specifies a test method to measure the ultraviolet (UV) and visible (VIS) spectral transmittance in the wavelength range from 280 nm to 700 nm of coatings for wind turbine rotor blades. Single and multilayer coatings or coating systems can be tested. From the spectral transmittance the transmittance of UV, VIS and the combined UV and VIS wavelength range can be calculated. It is applicable to free coatings films or coatings applied on a UV-transparent quartz substrate.

This document aims to enable users to identify an appropriate method for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) content and/or the semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOC) content of coating materials and their raw materials. This document provides a step-by-step procedure for identifying appropriate tests. This document is intended to be used in conjunction with ISO 11890-1, ISO 11890-2 and ISO 17895, to help users select an appropriate analytical method for their analytical problem.