87.060.20 - Binders
ICS 87.060.20 Details
Binders
Bindemittel
Liants
Veziva
General Information
Frequently Asked Questions
ICS 87.060.20 is a classification code in the International Classification for Standards (ICS) system. It covers "Binders". The ICS is a hierarchical classification system used to organize international, regional, and national standards, facilitating the search and identification of standards across different fields.
There are 358 standards classified under ICS 87.060.20 (Binders). These standards are published by international and regional standardization bodies including ISO, IEC, CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.
The International Classification for Standards (ICS) is a hierarchical classification system maintained by ISO to organize standards and related documents. It uses a three-level structure with field (2 digits), group (3 digits), and sub-group (2 digits) codes. The ICS helps users find standards by subject area and enables statistical analysis of standards development activities.
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This document provides general test methods for polyisocyanate resins and solutions of polyisocyanate resins intended for use as binders in paints, varnishes and related products.
- Draft10 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document provides general test methods for polyisocyanate resins and solutions of polyisocyanate resins intended for use as binders in paints, varnishes and related products.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies an instrumental method for determining the turbidity of clear liquids. It is applicable to resins and resin solutions, solvents, clear coating materials, monomers and any other liquids where clarity is specified.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an instrumental method for determining the turbidity of clear liquids. It is applicable to resins and resin solutions, solvents, clear coating materials, monomers and any other liquids where clarity is specified.
- Standard15 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies an instrumental method for determining the turbidity of clear liquids. It is applicable to resins and resin solutions, solvents, clear coating materials, monomers and any other liquids where clarity is specified.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
This document specifies general test methods for amino resins and solutions of amino resins intended for use as binders in paints, varnishes and related products.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies general test methods for amino resins and solutions of amino resins intended for use as binders in paints, varnishes and related products.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies general test methods for amino resins and solutions of amino resins intended for use as binders in paints, varnishes and related products.
- Standard5 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
- Standard5 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The major objective of the visual Pt-Co method of color measurement is to rate specific materials for yellowness. The yellowness is frequently the result of the undesirable tendency of liquid hydrocarbons to absorb blue light due to contamination in processing, storage, or shipping.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the visual measurement of the color of near clear liquids. It is applicable only to materials in which the color-producing bodies present have light absorption characteristics nearly identical with those of the Platinum-Cobalt (Pt-Co) color standards used.
1.2 This test method has been found applicable to the color measurement of clear, liquid samples, free of haze, with nominal Pt-Co color values between 0 and 100. It is applicable to nonfluorescent liquids with light absorption characteristics similar to those of the Pt-Co color standard solutions. Test Methods D1209, D1686, and D5386 deal with the visual and instrumental measurement of near-clear liquids.
1.3 In determining the conformance of the test results using this method to applicable specifications, results shall be rounded in accordance with the rounding off methods of Practice E29.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The satisfactory film integrity of emulsion coatings requires that as the aqueous phase evaporates the resinous portion of the vehicle coalesces into a continuous film. Low temperature impairs the fluidity of the resin particle and thereby their ability to coalesce. Vehicles that can withstand low temperatures are therefore required, and MFFT is an important quality feature of emulsion vehicles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum temperature at which emulsion vehicles coalesce to form continuous films. The term “emulsion” in this test method includes latex vehicles.
1.2 This test method is limited to emulsions having minimum film formation temperatures below 90 °C.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies general methods of test for epoxy resins for use in paints, varnishes and similar products. It is also applicable to those solutions made from epoxy resins that are intended for use as binders for paints and varnishes.
The test methods described in this document are not intended for epoxy esters.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies general methods of test for epoxy resins for use in paints, varnishes and similar products. It is also applicable to those solutions made from epoxy resins that are intended for use as binders for paints and varnishes.
The test methods described in this document are not intended for epoxy esters.
- Standard14 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In general, with materials of these types, softening point does not take place at a definite temperature. As the temperature rises, these materials gradually change from brittle or exceedingly thick and slow-flowing materials to softer and less viscous liquids. For this reason, the determination of the softening point must be made by a fixed, arbitrary, and closely defined method if the results obtained are to be comparable.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of softening point of resins using a Mettler cup and ball apparatus, and may, under user-defined conditions, give results comparable to those obtained by Test Methods E28.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Rosin and similar materials such as rosin derivatives often contain volatile material derived from the raw material used or formed as a result of the processing of the rosin. This volatile material can have a significant effect on the physical and chemical properties of the rosin and so a standard method for its determination is required.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the volatile oil content of rosin or similar material. The oil may consist of naturally occurring terpene oil, such as heavy fractions of turpentine, resulting from incomplete distillation in the processing of the rosin, or of foreign nonterpene oil resulting from incomplete removal of mineral or coal-tar solvent used to extract the rosin from wood or still wastes. In certain cases the volatile oil could consist of decarboxylated rosin formed during the processing of the rosin.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies general methods of test for epoxy resins for use in paints, varnishes and similar products. It is also applicable to those solutions made from epoxy resins that are intended for use as binders for paints and varnishes. The test methods described in this document are not intended for epoxy esters.
- Standard7 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
- Standard7 pagesFrench languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This test method is designed to broaden the scope of the previous edition of the test method by the inclusion of tall oil and tall oil derived from products as test materials. Test Methods D803 currently includes a method for the determination of unsaponifiable matter.
3.2 The amount of unsaponifiable matter in tall oil and other related products is important in characterizing such products as it indicates the level of nonacidic material, both free and combined, present in the test material. The unsaponifiable in naval stores products is primarily composed of higher molecular weight alcohols, sterols, and hydrocarbons.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the percentage of material in pine chemicals products as defined in Terminology D804 including rosin, tall oil, and related products, other than insoluble dirt or similar visible foreign matter that does not yield a water-soluble soap when the sample is saponified with potassium hydroxide.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: It has been reported that this method may not be applicable to gum rosin, especially any gum rosin containing volatile terpenes. Volatile terpenes are by definition unsaponifiable matter, and can be lost under the drying conditions described in 8.4. The method is applicable to tall oil rosin and wood rosin as these rosins do not contain volatile terpenes.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The testing procedures described in these test methods have been in use for many years and emphasize the physical properties of pine oil rather than its chemical composition. Test Methods D6387 describe a capillary gas chromatography method which is suitable for determining both the major and minor components found in pine oils.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and testing pine oils, and are applicable to both natural pine oils derived from pine stumps either by the steam and solvent process or by destructive distillation, and also to synthetic pine oils obtained by the chemical hydration of terpene hydrocarbons.
1.2 The procedures given in these test methods appear in the following order:
Section
Sampling
4
Appearance
5
Color
6
Specific Gravity
7
Refractive Index
8
Composition
9
Moisture
10
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Separation of the vehicle from the pigment in solvent-reducible paints is required in order to characterize paint vehicles by chemical, spectroscopic, or chromatographic techniques. Characterization of vehicles is important since they play a major role in the performance of coatings.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the procedure for the separation of the vehicle from the pigment in solvent-reducible paint.
1.2 In the development of the practice the following materials were tested: white soya and white fish oil isophthalic alkyd semi-gloss enamels, white linseed oil paint, white soya and white linseed o-phthalic alkyd enamels. It is considered to be applicable to similar materials.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The iodine value of a fatty acid product is a measure of the unsaturated fatty acid content of that product and consequently a measure of the ease of oxidation or drying capacity of that fatty acid product.
3.2 This test method measures the unsaturation as iodine value by addition of an iodine/chlorine reagent. The amount of reagent absorbed is determined by back titrating the excess reagent and comparing it to a blank determination.
3.3 In samples containing conjugated double bonds, the iodine value obtained is empirical since the reagent does not react stoichiometrically with conjugated unsaturation. Where no conjugation is present, the iodine value obtained is a measure of the total unsaturation. By using proper specimen weights, the empirical values obtained are useful for comparative purposes.
3.4 This test method was developed in order to replace the hazardous solvent, carbon tetrachloride, used in Test Method D1959 with the less hazardous and more available solvents, iso-octane and cyclohexane. As data on the satisfactory use of other solvents becomes available, this test method will be amended to include those solvents.
3.5 This test method should have applicability to fatty acids and oils other than tall oil fatty acid but that possibility has not been investigated.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the Wijs procedure for determination of unsaturation (iodine value) of tall oil fatty acids.
1.2 Iodine value is a measure of the unsaturation of oils and fatty acids and is expressed in terms of the number of centigrams of iodine per gram of sample (weight percent of absorbed iodine).
1.3 When this test method is used to determine the iodine value of fatty acids having conjugated systems, the result is not a measure of total unsaturated, but rather is an empirical value that affords a comparison of unsaturation. Total unsaturation of conjugated systems may be measured in accordance with Test Method D1541.
1.4 The test method described here is not reliable for tall oil fatty acids containing an appreciable quantity of rosin.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard4 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method provides a more precise way of measuring Gardner color than described in Test Method D1544. It is applicable to pine chemical products having colors from Gardner 1 to Gardner 18. The Gardner scale is not applicable to materials with colors lighter than 1 or darker than 18.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the quantitative determination of the color of clear, yellow/brown, liquid materials using color measuring instruments. The results may be invalid if other materials are used. The test uses the Gardner color scale described in Test Method D1544. This test method applies to pine chemical products including tall oil, tall oil fatty acids, rosin, and related products.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard3 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Saturated fatty acids solidify at a higher temperature than unsaturated fatty acids. This test method provides a means of measuring the solidification temperature of a sample containing both unsaturated and saturated fatty acids by cooling the specimen and measuring the temperature at which solidification occurs.
3.2 Samples containing higher levels of saturated acids will have a higher titer (solidification temperature) than those with lower levels of saturated acids.
3.3 Water present in the sample will raise the titer, so provisions are made in the test method to remove traces of moisture.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the solidification (titer) point of fatty acids and is applicable to all fatty acids.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 In general, with materials of these types, softening does not take place at a definite temperature. As the temperature rises, these materials gradually change from brittle or exceedingly thick and slow-flowing materials to softer and less viscous liquids. For this reason, the determination of the softening point must be made by a fixed, arbitrary, and closely defined method if the results obtained are to be comparable.
3.2 In these test methods, the softening point is defined as the temperature at which a disk of the sample held within a horizontal ring is forced downward a distance of 25.4 mm (1 in.) under the weight of a steel ball as the sample is heated at 5 °C/min in a water, glycerin, silicone oil, ethylene glycol/water or glycerin/water bath.
3.3 The automatic method was chosen to be the reference method because a round robin demonstrated that it gave more precise results than the manual method.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods are intended for determining the softening point of resins (including rosin and terpene resins) and similar materials by means of the ring-and-ball apparatus.
Note 1: For testing asphalts, tars, and pitches, see Test Method D36.
1.1.1 Test method using the automated ring and ball softening point apparatus is the reference method and the test method using the manual ring and ball method is an alternative method.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard6 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 In making pigmented products, the pigment is usually dispersed in a portion of the vehicle in some sort of mill. At this stage, it is necessary to be able to judge if the pigment agglomerates have been sufficiently broken up so as not to interfere with the smoothness of the finished coating film. This test method describes a way of making this judgment.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers measurement of the degree of dispersion (commonly referred to as “fineness of grind”) of the pigment in a pigment-vehicle system such as liquid coatings and their intermediates. It may also be used to assess the inclusion of particulates by a cleanliness (or texture) rating.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Standard11 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
ABSTRACT
This guide details the standard methods suitable for testing latex vehicles. Included here are methods for latex sampling, nonvolatile content, minimum film formation temperature, qualitative polymeric analysis, density, viscosity, consistency, water content, pH, and surface tension.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers methods suitable for testing latex vehicles. Certain of these methods were developed expressly for testing latex vehicles (Table 1). Others were developed for testing or analyzing formulated water- or solvent-based coatings but would be equally applicable for testing latices.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
- Guide2 pagesEnglish languagesale 15% off
This document specifies a method for assessing the performance of photocatalytic inorganic materials contained in cement mortars and/or limes or ceramic-based matrices, paints or materials deposited as thin films or coatings on a variety of substrates for the photocatalytic abatement of nitric oxide in the gas phase. This method does not apply to the assessment of samples to be applied with flow perpendicular to the surface or flow permeating the surface itself as polymeric and paper filters, honeycomb structures and suchlike.
The performance for the photocatalytic sample under test is evaluated by measuring the degradation rate of nitric oxide (NO) using the method specified herein. The photocatalytic abatement rate is calculated from the observed rate by eliminating the effects of mass transfer. The intrinsic photocatalytic abatement rate is an intrinsic property of the material tested and makes it possible to distinguish the photocatalytic activities of various products with an absolute scale defined with physical and engineering meaning.
For the measurements and calculations described in this document the concentration of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is defined as the stoichiometric sum of nitric oxide (NO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2).
- Standard28 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the determination of the molar-mass distribution and the average molar mass values Mn (number average) and Mw (weight average) of polymers that are soluble in water by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
NOTE Also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC).
This method is applicable to neutral polymers and polyanions (e.g. polycarboxylates, polysaccharides, fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohols and high-molecular polyethylene oxides). It is not applicable to polycations [e.g. polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyridine, salts of poly(diallyl‑N,N‑dimethyl‑azacyclopentane), chitosan].
Despite good solubility in the mobile phase and even though the chromatograms obtained show good repeatability, it is possible that this method cannot be used with certain polymer types because of specific interactions (e.g. adsorption) within the sample/eluent/column system (see also Clause 12).
The conditions specified in this document are not applicable to the GPC analysis of polymer samples with Mw values greater than 106 g/mol and/or polymers with elution limits outside the calibration range (see 7.6 and Annex C).
This document includes no correction methods (e.g. for the elimination of peak broadening). If absolute molar mass values are required, an absolute method (e.g. membrane osmometry for Mn or light scattering for Mw) can be used.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the determination of the molar-mass distribution and the average molar mass values Mn (number average) and Mw (weight average) of polymers that are soluble in DMAC (N,N-Dimethylacetamide) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
NOTE Also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC).
Even though the chromatograms obtained show good repeatability, it is possible that this method cannot be used with certain polymer types because of specific interactions (e.g. adsorption) within the sample/eluent/column system.
The conditions specified in this document are not applicable to the GPC analysis of polymer samples with Mw values greater than 106 g/mol and/or polymers with elution limits outside the calibration range (see 7.6 and Annex C).
This document includes no correction method (e.g. for the elimination of peak broadening). If absolute molar mass values are required, an absolute method (e.g. membrane osmometry for Mn or light scattering for Mw) can be used.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the determination of the molar-mass distribution and the average molar mass values Mn (number average) and Mw (weight average) of polymers that are soluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
NOTE Also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC).
Even though the chromatograms obtained show good repeatability, it is possible that this method cannot be used with certain polymer types because of specific interactions (e.g. adsorption) within the sample/eluent/column system.
The conditions specified in this document are not applicable to the GPC analysis of polymer samples with Mw values greater than 106 g/mol and/or of polymers with elution limits outside the calibration range (see 7.6 and Annex C).
This document includes no correction method (e.g. for the elimination of peak broadening. If absolute molar-mass values are required, an absolute method (e.g. membrane osmometry for Mn or light scattering for Mw) can be used.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for five types of linseed stand oil suitable for paints and varnishes.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the determination of the molar-mass distribution and the average molar mass values Mn (number average) and Mw (weight average) of polymers that are soluble in DMAC (N,N-Dimethylacetamide) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
NOTE Also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC).
Even though the chromatograms obtained show good repeatability, it is possible that this method cannot be used with certain polymer types because of specific interactions (e.g. adsorption) within the sample/eluent/column system.
The conditions specified in this document are not applicable to the GPC analysis of polymer samples with Mw values greater than 106 g/mol and/or polymers with elution limits outside the calibration range (see 7.6 and Annex C).
This document includes no correction method (e.g. for the elimination of peak broadening). If absolute molar mass values are required, an absolute method (e.g. membrane osmometry for Mn or light scattering for Mw) can be used.
- Standard32 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the determination of the molar-mass distribution and the average molar mass values Mn (number average) and Mw (weight average) of polymers that are soluble in water by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
NOTE Also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC).
This method is applicable to neutral polymers and polyanions (e.g. polycarboxylates, polysaccharides, fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohols and high-molecular polyethylene oxides). It is not applicable to polycations [e.g. polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyridine, salts of poly(diallyl‑N,N‑dimethyl‑azacyclopentane), chitosan].
Despite good solubility in the mobile phase and even though the chromatograms obtained show good repeatability, it is possible that this method cannot be used with certain polymer types because of specific interactions (e.g. adsorption) within the sample/eluent/column system (see also Clause 12).
The conditions specified in this document are not applicable to the GPC analysis of polymer samples with Mw values greater than 106 g/mol and/or polymers with elution limits outside the calibration range (see 7.6 and Annex C).
This document includes no correction methods (e.g. for the elimination of peak broadening). If absolute molar mass values are required, an absolute method (e.g. membrane osmometry for Mn or light scattering for Mw) can be used.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the determination of the molar-mass distribution and the average molar mass values Mn (number average) and Mw (weight average) of polymers that are soluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
NOTE Also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC).
Even though the chromatograms obtained show good repeatability, it is possible that this method cannot be used with certain polymer types because of specific interactions (e.g. adsorption) within the sample/eluent/column system.
The conditions specified in this document are not applicable to the GPC analysis of polymer samples with Mw values greater than 106 g/mol and/or of polymers with elution limits outside the calibration range (see 7.6 and Annex C).
This document includes no correction method (e.g. for the elimination of peak broadening. If absolute molar-mass values are required, an absolute method (e.g. membrane osmometry for Mn or light scattering for Mw) can be used.
- Standard31 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the requirements and the corresponding test methods for five types of linseed stand oil suitable for paints and varnishes.
- Standard9 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a titrimetric method for determining the hydroxyl groups in resins and binders for paints and varnishes.
This method is primarily suitable for neutral media. Acidic products provide higher values; neutral products provide, through neutralization of the acidic carbamates, lower values. For these products, preliminary tests are performed to ensure the applicability of the method.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the test methods for determining the softening point of resins (including rosin)
and similar materials by means of ring-and-ball apparatus.
Both manual and automated methods are specified, the automated method being the reference method.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies a titrimetric method for determining the hydroxyl groups in resins and binders for paints and varnishes.
This method is primarily suitable for neutral media. Acidic products provide higher values; neutral products provide, through neutralization of the acidic carbamates, lower values. For these products, preliminary tests are performed to ensure the applicability of the method.
- Standard12 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
This document specifies the test methods for determining the softening point of resins (including rosin)
and similar materials by means of ring-and-ball apparatus.
Both manual and automated methods are specified, the automated method being the reference method.
- Standard19 pagesEnglish languagee-Library read for1 day
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Rosin is an important product of the centuries old Naval Stores industry, now known as the Pine Chemical industry, and is produced and consumed in many countries throughout the world. Consequently, reliable methods of sampling and grading rosin are necessary. The test methods based on the use of the USDA Official Standards described herein, were developed many years ago for the sampling and grading of rosin and are similar to those included in the Naval Stores Act.3
3.2 Although these test methods based on the use of the USDA Official Standards are still applicable, many additional test methods are now used to grade rosin. In particular, the color of rosin is now more commonly reported using the Gardner color scale rather than the USDA Official Standards. In addition, Test Methods E28, D465, and D5974 are widely used to assess the quality of rosin in addition to the color grading methods described in this standard. The Naval Stores Act of 1923 established the methods for grading rosin and authorized the “Official Naval Stores Standard of the United States”. Based upon a request from the chairman of the ASTM D01.34 Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins subcommittee requesting that the Gardner color scale be used for grading the color of rosin, a letter from the Food and Drug Administration was received and is archived in Pine Chemicals Association4 files. It documents a no-objection response to the request to use the Gardner color scale as a standard for grading rosin and rosin derivatives. The no-objection response was conditioned on having a reliable correlation between the USRG Scale (the “Official Naval Stores Standard of the United States”) and the Gardner Color Scale. A correlation study of color measurements on the Gardner Color Scale and the USRG Scale was carried out by scientists at Tintometer, Inc, Amesbury, England. The results of the correlation were submitted to the Food and Drug Administration as supporting evidence for the use of the Gardner Co...
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1.1 These test methods cover procedures for sampling and determining the grade of rosin delivered in commercial bags, barrels, drums or in molten form. Although developed for rosin, these methods can also be used for the grading of modified rosins and rosin based resins.
Note 1: All rosin sold in interstate commerce must be described by reference to the U. S. Standards for rosin, and is therefore subject to grading prior to such sale. The grading procedure described in these test methods is used for checking grades or regrading after the rosin has moved from the primary markets to distributing or consuming points.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The color of a tall oil fatty acid is readily affected by heat and oxidization. Variations in degree of heat, time of heat, and exposure to atmosphere during heating have a marked effect on the color obtained; therefore, conformity to the equipment and procedure outlined in this test method is essential to accuracy and precision.
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1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the Gardner color of tall oil fatty acids after heating in an atmosphere of nitrogen at 205°C for one or two hours, depending on whether its iodine value is over or under 15, respectively. The specimen may be heated using either an aluminum heating block or an oil bath. This method is applicable to all tall oil fatty acids. Applicability of this method to other types of fatty acids has not been determined.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This document specifies the determination of the molar-mass distribution and the average molar mass values Mn (number average) and Mw (weight average) of polymers that are soluble in tetrahydrofuran (THF) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). NOTE Also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Even though the chromatograms obtained show good repeatability, it is possible that this method cannot be used with certain polymer types because of specific interactions (e.g. adsorption) within the sample/eluent/column system. The conditions specified in this document are not applicable to the GPC analysis of polymer samples with Mw values greater than 106 g/mol and/or of polymers with elution limits outside the calibration range (see 7.6 and Annex C). This document includes no correction method (e.g. for the elimination of peak broadening. If absolute molar-mass values are required, an absolute method (e.g. membrane osmometry for Mn or light scattering for Mw) can be used.
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This document specifies the determination of the molar-mass distribution and the average molar mass values Mn (number average) and Mw (weight average) of polymers that are soluble in DMAC (N,N-Dimethylacetamide) by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). NOTE Also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Even though the chromatograms obtained show good repeatability, it is possible that this method cannot be used with certain polymer types because of specific interactions (e.g. adsorption) within the sample/eluent/column system. The conditions specified in this document are not applicable to the GPC analysis of polymer samples with Mw values greater than 106 g/mol and/or polymers with elution limits outside the calibration range (see 7.6 and Annex C). This document includes no correction method (e.g. for the elimination of peak broadening). If absolute molar mass values are required, an absolute method (e.g. membrane osmometry for Mn or light scattering for Mw) can be used.
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This document specifies the determination of the molar-mass distribution and the average molar mass values Mn (number average) and Mw (weight average) of polymers that are soluble in water by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). NOTE Also known as size exclusion chromatography (SEC). This method is applicable to neutral polymers and polyanions (e.g. polycarboxylates, polysaccharides, fully hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohols and high-molecular polyethylene oxides). It is not applicable to polycations [e.g. polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylpyridine, salts of poly(diallyl‑N,N‑dimethyl‑azacyclopentane), chitosan]. Despite good solubility in the mobile phase and even though the chromatograms obtained show good repeatability, it is possible that this method cannot be used with certain polymer types because of specific interactions (e.g. adsorption) within the sample/eluent/column system (see also Clause 12). The conditions specified in this document are not applicable to the GPC analysis of polymer samples with Mw values greater than 106 g/mol and/or polymers with elution limits outside the calibration range (see 7.6 and Annex C). This document includes no correction methods (e.g. for the elimination of peak broadening). If absolute molar mass values are required, an absolute method (e.g. membrane osmometry for Mn or light scattering for Mw) can be used.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means for resin producers and users as well as solvent and varnish manufacturers to rate various types of resins for solubility by assigning a numerical dilutability value. This percent dilutability value can be used to differentiate resin types for end users and can be utilized as a quality control tool by resin manufacturers.
5.2 When running a series of these tests, the same lot or batch of dilution solvent must be used throughout to ensure reproducible results.
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1.1 This test method covers both volumetric and gravimetric determination of resin solution dilutability which gives a numerical value for the overall solubility of the resin expressed as percent dilutability.
1.2 This test method is applicable only if the test solution is of sufficient clarity to allow accurate visual judgement of the end point and of low enough viscosity for efficient mixing to take place.
1.3 This test method is primarily for, but not limited to, resins used in the printing ink industry.
1.4 The percent solvent tolerance of a resin can be determined using this test method if the solvent in the resin solution and the dilution solvent are the same.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 These test methods are designed to broaden the scope of the previous edition of these test methods by the inclusion of tall oil as a test material. Test Methods D803 currently includes methods for the determination of the rosin acid and fatty acid content of crude tall oil. Test Methods D803 references Test Method D1585.
4.2 Rosin and tall oil are composed primarily of rosin acids and fatty acids, and the measurement of these components is important in establishing the composition of these materials.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the fatty acids of pine chemicals, including rosin, tall oil, and related products.
1.2 These test methods may not be applicable to adducts or derivatives of rosin or other pine chemical products.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Incompatibility of the system can lead to loss of gloss, decreased color strength, rheological problems and grind issues in the flush or pigment base.
5.2 This method is used in the lithographic industry, especially in pigment wetting applications, where the alkyd may or may not be totally compatible with the resin selected for the application.
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1.1 This test method covers the procedure for determining the degree of compatibility of an alkyd with a specific resin or resin solution.
1.2 The most common use of this method is to test alkyd compatibility with a hydrocarbon resin or a solution of the resin in an aliphatic solvent, for lithographic ink vehicle applications.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Rosin, particularly gum and wood rosin, occasionally contains small amounts of contamination such as sand, dirt or bark. Rosin derivatives occasionally contain traces of insoluble material as a result of the raw materials used in their production or they may be generated during the production process. In all instances the presence of such insoluble material should be minimal. This test method describes a rapid and reliable procedure for determining the amount of such insoluble matter. It is based on the knowledge that rosin and most of its derivatives are soluble in numerous organic solvents whereas most common contaminants are not. It is especially useful for internal quality control rather than sales specifications.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the amount of insoluble matter in rosin and rosin derivatives as described in Terminology D804.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods are designed to broaden the scope of the earlier editions of the test method by the inclusion of tall oil and tall oil derived products as test materials and will be referenced in Test Methods D803.
3.2 The acid number is an important property of pine chemical products, such as tall oil, and the products obtained by the fractionation of tall oil. It is the test method widely used to determine the total free acid content of these products.
3.3 The potentiometric test method should be used when the most reproducible results are required.
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1.1 These test methods are intended for determining the acid number of pine chemical products as defined in Terminology D804 including tall oil products, wood and gum rosin, and other related materials. These test methods may not be applicable to all modified rosin products. Two test methods are covered, as follows:
1.1.1 Potentiometric method (referee), and
1.1.2 Internal indicator method (alternate).
1.2 The potentiometric method is suitable for use with both light- and dark-colored products. It should be considered the referee method. The internal indicator method is suitable for use only with light- and medium-colored products with a Gardner color of less than 12. It should be considered the alternate method.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Tall oil, both crude and refined, is an important by-product of the alkaline (kraft) pulping of pine wood. It consists primarily of fatty acids, resin acids, and neutral materials; the levels of these various components depend on factors such as the species of pine tree, geographic location, climate, etc.
3.1.1 Tall oil is used primarily as a commercial source of fatty acids and rosin, and, therefore, reliable methods for the analysis of these components is necessary.
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1.1 These test methods cover the test procedures to be applied to whole tall oils or refined tall oils. Previous editions of these test methods have described test procedures that are used to test tall oil fatty acid, rosin, and other tall oil-derived products as well as test crude and refined tall oil. Consequently, these test methods are widely cited in reference books and industry literature for the testing of tall oil-derived products.
1.1.1 In this current revision, procedural details of some of the often-cited test methods have been removed and the test methods consolidated with other existing test methods. In such cases the consolidated methods, applicable to all tall oil-derived products.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
Physical Tests
Sections
Viscosity:
Rotational Viscometer Method (Preferred Method)
7
Bubble Time Method
8
Flash Point
9
Color
10
Moisture:
11
Insoluble Matter
12
Ash
13
Chemical Analysis
Acid Number
16
Saponification Number
17
Rosin Acids
18
Unsaponifiable Matter
19
Fatty Acids
20
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 These test methods are designed to broaden the scope of the earlier editions of the test method by the inclusion of tall oil and tall oil derived products as test materials and is referenced in Test Methods D803.
3.2 The saponification number is an important property of tall oil and the products obtained by the fractionation of tall oil. It is the test method widely used to determine the total acid content, both free and combined, of these products.
3.3 The potentiometric test method should be used when the most reproducible results are required.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the saponification number of tall oil and products obtained by the fractionation of tall oil such as rosin, fatty acids and distilled tall oil as defined in Terminology D804. These test methods are also applicable to gum and wood rosin. Two test methods are covered as follows:
1.1.1 Test method using a potentiometric method, and
1.1.2 Test method using an internal indicator method.
1.2 The potentiometric method is suitable for use with both light- and dark-colored test samples. It should be considered the referee method. The internal indicator method is suitable for use only with light- and medium-colored test samples. It should be considered the alternate method.
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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